upstream ['ʌp'stri:m] 上游
溯 [sù] /go upstream/trace the source/
{adj: downstream} in the direction of a stream's current
<-> upstream
{adj: upstream} in the direction against a stream's current
<-> downstream
{adv: downriver, downstream} away from the source or with the current
<-> upriver, upstream
{adv: stealthily} in a stealthy manner
"stealthily they advanced upstream"
{adv: upriver, upstream} toward the source or against the current
<-> downriver, downstream
{n: fish ladder} a series of ascending pools providing a passage for salmon to swim upstream past a dam
{n: head gate} a gate upstream from a lock or canal that is used to control the flow of water at the upper end
{n: tidal river, tidewater river, tidal stream, tidewater stream} a stream in which the effects of the tide extend far upstream
{v: spawn} lay spawn
"The salmon swims upstream to spawn"
"The women had identified such needs as the need for firewood, which is the main source of energy in the rural areas, the need for food, the need for clean drinking water, the need for building materials," she explained. "As you can see, all of those are fruits of the land. At that time also there was soil erosion because of deforestation of the upstream, especially up on the mountains. So I got this idea almost in passing that if we planted the trees we would be able to address some of these needs that the women had and we would be able to stabilize the soil. We started that way, but eventually it moved to other areas. It moved to issues of democracy, issues of human rights, women's rights, issues of peace. But initially it was a very basic activity of meeting the needs of rural women."
马塔伊说：“ 妇女们需要柴火，那是农村地区最重要的能源来源。她们需要食物和清洁的饮用水，还需要建筑材料。可以看出，这些都产自于土地，而当时由于上游的森林被砍伐，尤其是山里树木减少，造成了土壤流失。因此，我立刻想到，如果种树，就可以解决这些妇女的需要，并且可以保护土壤。我们就这样开始了，后来又扩大到其它领域，比如民主、人权、妇女权利以及和平等。而我们的初衷是解决农村妇女的基本需求。”
chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter 鸡卵白蛋白上游启动子
斜迎风格式 skew-upstream scheme
迎风格式 upstream scheme , upwind scheme
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