understand [ ʌndə'stænd] vt.懂；获悉 vi.懂得
understanding [ ʌndə'stændiŋ] n.理解；理解力；协定
understand v. 懂得;明白;理解
understanding n. 领会;理解
understand [ʌndə'stænd] v.懂，明白(了)，理解
understanding [ʌndə'stændiŋ] n.了解的，聪明的
坚持统一，反对分裂，增加了解，化解歧见
"persist in reunification, oppose separation, increase understanding and iron out differences "
"In his important address to the Central Ideological and Political Work Conference on June 28 this year, Party General Secretary Jiang Zemin expounds on how to understand the historical process of socialist development; how to understand the historical process of capitalist development; how to understand the impact of China's socialist reform over the people's thinking; how to understand the impact of the current international environment and political struggle."
心照不宣 have a tacit understanding; give tacit consent; tacit understanding
Understand? ---- 明不明白？
女人定规是要让人爱，而不是让人理解。
Women are meant to be loved, not to be understood.
心照不宣 have a tacit understanding; give tacit consent; tacit understanding
我们约定分期付款而将该机械组给贵公司使用。我们希望贵公司对此协议能严格履行。
As the machine was hired to you on the understanding that regular payments would be made, we must ask that in future the terms of the afreement should be strictly adhered to.
Confidential Memorandum of Understanding
机密协议备忘录；秘密谅解备忘录
agreement and understanding 协议和谅解
memorandum of understanding 谅解备忘录
Memorandum of Understanding Concerning the Construction of the New Airport in Hong Kong and Related Questions 《关于香港新机场建设及有关问题的谅解备忘录》
oral understanding 口头谅解
Tourism brings China a lot of benefits. First, it enables the Chinese people to know more about the outside world and promotes friendship and understanding. Second, it is financially beneficial to China, which needs more foreign currencies for its modernization program.
旅游业给中国带来许多好处。首先，它使中国人了解外界，并有助于促进友谊和理解。其次，在经济上也有利于我国，因为中国现代化建设需要大量的外汇。
183 Tourism, however, gives rise to a number of problems. For instance, it becomes a burden to inefficient transportation system.
旅游业也引起许多问题。例如，它增加了我国本来效率不高的运输系统的负担。
Long before children are able to speak or understand a language, they communicate through facial expressions and by making noises.
儿童在能说或能听懂语言之前，很久就会通过面部表情和靠发出噪声来与人交流了。
中国国际交流协会 Association for Int’l Understanding of China
verbal understanding 口头谅解
Love is quiet understanding and the mature acceptance of imperfection.
爱情是静静的理解和对不足之处的成熟接受。
Everybody who plays an instrument, even a little, understands music in a difficult way from somebody who has never felt the thrill of making music himself?
每个演奏乐器的人，哪怕只会一点点，理解音乐的方式都与从未感受过自己奏出音乐的激动的人不同。
Essentially, the research of Natural Language Understanding should be independent of any specific language.
自然语言理解研究本质上应当是独立于具体的语言的。
The Authors doubt that any breakthrough can be made in the research of Chinese Understanding without the grasp of Natural Language Understanding as a whole.
笔者不太相信脱离自然语言理解研究的全局而能够单独或超前取得汉语理解研究的突破。
Native Chinese researchers, however, have the responsibility and also the advantage to explore the general rules of Natural Language Understanding from the very perspective of Chinese Understanding.
但以汉语为母语的学者又有责任也有优势以汉语为主要对象对自然语言理解的一般规律进行研究，从而为解决人类共同的科学难题做出贡献。
For Chinese understanding, it is natural to put content words in the first place, but the meaning of functional words in sentences, dialogues and texts cannot be overlooked, either.
当研究汉语理解时，首先着力于指称概念的实词是理所当然的，但也不能轻视虚词在汉语句子、谈话、篇章中表达意义的作用。
This paper discusses the value of functional words in Chinese Understanding and the methods for studying functional words.
本文探讨虚词在汉语理解研究中的价值及其研究方法。
It is sometimes hard to understand the humor of another country.
有时很难理解别国的幽默。
For all your explanations, I understand no better than before.
尽管你作了解释，我还是不明白。
When you visit another country and do not understand the customs, it is easy to offend people.
当你访问一个国家，而不了解该国的风俗习惯，就很容易让人不愉快。
I understand some of the concepts of the theory but I'm not sure about its details.
我懂得这个理论的一些概念,但对详细内容则不大清楚。
It is difficult to understand the concept of endless space.
要理解浩瀚宇宙的概念是很难的。
Now that you understand the problem, you have to think about how to put it into form to make yourself understood.
既然你已理解了这个问题，现在要考虑的是以什么方式表达才能使别人听懂。
It is important to understand the powerful economic and social forces at work behind their actions.
重要的是要懂得在这些措施的后面，经济和政治的力量所起的强大作用。
As a specialist, he imposes certain limits on his studies in order to acquire a deeper understanding and more detailed knowledge of his special subject.
作为专家，他对自己的研究领域进行了某些限定，以便对专门领域有更深入的了解及更详尽的知识。
The poem with an inner meaning is hard to understand.
这首具有内涵意义的诗很难懂。
The child has no understanding problems according to the doctor.
据医生说，那小孩没有理解能力方面的问题。
The two sides have reached an understanding.
双方达成了一项谅解。
People have come to understand that computer is playing an increasingly important role in our life.
人们开始意识到计算机在我们生活中起着越来越重要的作用。
Not many people understand that body language also helps project one's self in a certain way.
形体语言在某种程度上可以表现自我，这一点不是许多人都知道的。
Why do you assume that no one understands your difficulties?
为什么你认为没有人理解你的困难呢？
I understand why I imagined being robbed by a man.
我明白我为什么会想象自己遭到一个男子的抢劫。
I understood her lecture because she used concrete examples.
由于她运用了具体的事例，所以我能听懂她的讲座。
The concept he introduced was not easy for us to understand, as his thought was not followed by concrete facts.
他所介绍的概念对我们来说不容易理解，因为他没有运用具体的事例来说明他的观点。
Please try to understand.
想办法弄懂。
The context in which a word is used can help you understand it.
单词的语境会帮助你理解词义。
He cheated the old woman out of her money by making her sign a paper she didn't understand.
他让这老太太在她看不懂的文件上签名，以此骗取她的钱。
Their working together was based on mutual respect, trust and understanding.
他们的合作是建立在相互尊重、信任和理解的基础上的。
His English is very bad and I have great difficulty (in) understanding him.
他的英语很糟糕, 我很难听懂他。
Now (that) I've heard the music I understand why you like it.
听过之后，我知道你为何喜欢这音乐了。
I've always understood one should try and be considerate of other people.
我一向明白，人应该努力体谅他人。
I felt very inferior when they started using long words that I didn’t understand.
当他们开始使用长长的、我听不懂的单词时，我感到很自卑。
As an author, I am naturally concerned that a surprisingly large percentage of the population of the United States is functionally illiterate; if they can’t read or cannot understand what they read, they won’t buy books, or this magazine.
我作为一名作家，自然地要关心在美国人口中惊人比例的实用文盲，如果他们不能读或不能理解他们所读内容，他们就不会买书或是杂志。
One encyclopaedia tells us that intelligence is related to the ability to learn, to the speed with which things are learned, to how well and how long ideas are remembered, to the ability to understand those ideas and use them in problem-solving, and to creativity.
词源里告诉我们说智力是和学习能力有关，和所要学习的内容速度有关，和内容记得的好坏和时间的长短有关，而且和有能力那些内容，使用它们来解决问题的能力，以及创造力相关。
My point is that its central consciousness—its profound understanding of class and gender as shaping influences on people’s lives—owes much to that earlier literary heritage, a heritage that, in general, has not been sufficiently valued by most contemporary literary critics.
我认为它的关键意识——它对于阶级和性的深远理解对人们的生活有着重要影响——很大程度上归功于文化遗产，总的来说，当代的文艺批评家并未对此给予足够评价。
As for the lowbrows’ claim to be specially “human”, I for one have never been able to understand why it should be “inhuman” to use the faculties that distinguish us from pigs and geese and “human” to use those which we share with the lower animals.
对于没学问者自称特殊的“人类”，有一点我一直搞不明白，为什么是“非人类”去使用那些设施来将我们和猪啊、鹅啊划分，而“人类”去使用那些我们与低等动物共享的东西。
I don't understand this business.
我不了解这件事。
I don't understand what the word means.
我不懂这个词是什么意思。
He is quick to understand.
他理解能力强。
He is trying his best to understand his meaning.
他正在尽力弄明白他的意思。
I don't understand what you are saying.
我不知道你在说什么。
If you can't do it, I will understand.
如果你不会做这件事的话，我可以理解。
他是个难以捉摸的人。
He's very vague. *vague“不可捉摸”、“不清楚的”、“不明确的”。
He's very vague. (他是个难以捉摸的人。)
He's just like my brother. (和我弟弟一样。)
He is difficult to understand. (他真让人难以理解。)
He isn't very clear. (他让人不易琢磨。)
懂吗?
Do you understand? *是一般的说法。
Do you understand? (懂吗?)
I understand. (懂了。)
懂了吗?
Understood? *既可以用于提问也可以用于回答。
You have to improve. Understood? (你得有所提高，明白吗?)
Understood. (明白了!)
Do you understand?
知道了。
I understand. *“理解了”。
I can't go today. (今天我不能去。)
I understand. (知道了。)
I don't understand. (不能理解。)
I get it.
明白了吗?
See? *see “明白”、“知道”。
Do you see?
Do you understand?
Do you get it?
完全明白。
I understand very well.
Do you understand? (明白了吗?)
I understand very well. (完全明白。)
我想我懂了。
I think I understand.
我明白你的意思。
I see your point.
I think we need to expand. (我认为我们必须再扩展。)
I see your point. (我明白你的意思。)
I see what you mean.
I understand what you mean.
That makes sense.
I get the point.
好吧，好吧，我知道了。
All right, all right. I understand. *被对方反复地嘱咐时的回答。
You have to change your attitude. (你得改变你的态度。)
All right, all right. I understand. (好吧，好吧，我知道了。)
我听着呢。/我知道了。
I hear you. *对对方所说的事情表示“知道了”、“听到了”。
We have to work harder. (我们得更加努力地工作了。)
I hear you. (我听着呢。/我知道了。)
Yes, I understand.
我不明白。
I don't understand.
I can't tell you. (我不能告诉你。)
I don't understand. (我不知道是什么事。)
I'm not following.
I don't get it. *比较随便的说法。
I'm confused.
I get it. /I understand. (明白了。)
我不太明白。
I don't really understand.
I don't understand very well.
我不明白你的意思。
I can't understand what you mean.
I can't see what you mean.
I don't understand what you're trying to say.
I don't get your drift.
我弄不清楚你想说什么。
I'm not sure what you mean.
That's how you do it. (所以应该这样做呀。)
I'm not sure what you mean. (我弄不清楚你想说什么。)
I'm not sure I understand.
I'm not sure I see what you mean.
I don't know if I understand what you're trying to say.
越想越糊涂。
The more I think about it, the less I understand it. *如例句所示，在more(更好的，更多的)、less(比较少的，更少的)等比较级前面加the，构成the+比较级……，the+比较级……。
我想是的。
I think so. *稍带迟疑的肯定，“好像……吧!” “好像听说是……”。
Is John off today? (约翰今天休息?)
I think so. (我想是吧。)
I believe so.
So they say.
So I understand.
I suppose so.
To my understanding.
没人能知道我的感受。
No one can understand how I really feel.
Please talk to me. (请跟我说说吧。)
No one can understand how I really feel. (没人能明白我的真实感受。)
No one can relate to me.
Nobody understands my feelings.
这真让人沮丧。
It's depressing.
No one understands me. It's depressing. (没人能理解我，真让人泄气。)
Don't talk like that! I understand you. (别那样说，我理解你。)
It's sad. (真可悲。)
It makes me feel depressed. (这使我感到闷闷不乐。)
我理解你的心情。
I know how you feel.
My wife left me. (我妻子离开了我。)
Mine, too. I know how you feel. (我也是，我了解你的感受。)
I understand the way you feel.
I really sympathize with you. (我真的同情你。)
It will help me understand the point you are trying to make.
这会帮助我了解你们的重点。
I'm sorry, but I didn't understand your question. Could you please restate it?
对不起，你的问题我没有理解，请你再说一遍好吗？
I understand all your prices are on CIF basis. We'd rather have you quote us FOB prices.
得知你方报的都是到岸价，希望能给我们报船上交货价。
It's all Greek to me.
我全不懂。
= I don't understand.
子曰：“吾十有五而志于学，三十而立，四十而不惑，五十而知天命，六十而耳顺，七十而从心所欲，不逾矩。”
Confucius said, “Since the age of 15, I have devoted myself to learning; since 30, I have been well established; since 40, I have understood many things and have no longer been confused; since 50, I have known my heaven-sent duty; since 60, I have been able to distinguish right and wrong in other people’s words; and since 70, I have been able to do what I intend freely without breaking the rules.”
遇到你不懂的问题时可别不懂装懂，“I know”可能是中国人用得最多，而美国人最不能接受的一句话。当一美国教师向你解释某个问题时，你如果连说两遍“I know”可能是中国人用得最多，而美国人最不能接受的一句话。当一美国教师向你解释某个问题时，你如果连说两遍“I know”,我敢保证，他不会再跟你说什么了。用“I know ”或“I got it ”就顺耳得多，要是不懂就说“I’m not clear about it .”不过如果你会说“It’s past my understanding”或“It’s beyond me .”你的教师定会惊讶不已的。
Friendship is love with understanding.
友谊是爱加上谅解。
Health and understanding are the two great blessing of life.
健康和融洽是人生两大幸事。
Kindness is the language that the deaf can hear and the dumb understand.
善良为语言，聋子能天见哑巴懂心间。
Love understands love; it needs no talk.
爱情可以意会，无需言传。
That is not good language which all understand not.
不是人人都懂的语言不是好语言。
To really understand a man we must judge him in misfortune.
要真正了解一个人，需在不幸中考察他。
We understand/have been informed that...
我方清楚/我方已被告知...
We quite understand that...
我们很理解...
It will help me understand the point you are trying to make.
这会帮助我了解你们的重点。
A Is it difficult to pass the test and get a licence?
A 通过考试获得驾驶执照难吗？
B Yes, it can be quite tough. You don’t always pass the test first time.
B 是的，会相当不容易。不是每个人都能一次通过考试 。
A Do you go to a special driving school for lessons?
A 你去专门的驾驶学校上课吗？
B Yes, and it’s not cheap. But I really want to learn.
B 是的，而且学费不便宜。但是我确实想去学。
A I can understand that. Everybody wants to drive.
A 我能理解。每个人都想开车。
B It would make such a big difference to my life, especially going to work everyday.
B 学会开车对我的生活将带来很大的变化，尤其是对每天上班来说。
A My youngest daughter arrives tomorrow.
A 我最小的女儿明天到。
B Ah. Is it her first visit?
B 啊。这是她第一次来吗？
A Yes. She can't wait to see everything, especially the shops and clothes markets. She loves shopping for clothes.
A 是的。她迫不及待地想看看所有的东西，尤其是商店和服装市场。她爱逛街买衣服。
B I understand. She's a teenager!
B 我理解。她是一个十几岁的少年嘛！
A Where should I take her?
A 我应该带她到哪里去？
B Well, there's a really big shopping mall in Haidan. And you could take her to the Silk Market – that’s very central.
B 哦，在海淀有一个相当大的购物中心。你可以带她到丝绸市场去——就在市中心。
A Hi! Good to meet you. I believe we work in the same business area.
A 你好！很高兴见到你。我想我们是同行。
B Yes, so I understand. How did you get into the IT business?
B 是的，我也这样理解。你是怎么进入IT行业的？
A I got interested in computers at university I guess.
A 我想我上大学的时候就对电脑感兴趣。
B It was the same for me. It seemed an interesting field to be in.
B 我也是。电脑业似乎是个有趣的领域。
A Yes, every organization needs IT.
A 是的，每个机构都需要IT.。
B I agree. It’s a very good area for work. Lots of opportunities.
B 我同意。这是一个很好的领域。有很多的机会。
A Beijing’s packed with tourists now.
A 北京现在到处都是旅游的人。
B Yes, I guess it’s a really popular destination nowadays.
B 是的，我想现在它是一个非常受人欢迎的目的地。
A Look at this – the hotel is full of tourists.
A 看这——这家旅馆全是游客。
B What language are they speaking? I can’t understand what they’re speaking.
B 他们在讲什么语言？我不明白他们在说什么。
A I’m not sure. It might be French or Spanish. I’m not really sure.
A 我不知道。可能是法语或者西班牙语。我不十分肯定。
B I think they’re all European, from France and Spain, maybe Italy and Germany too.
B 我想他们是欧洲人，从法国和西班牙来，也可能是从意大利或者德国来。
A There’s a lot of people in the hotel today.
A 今天旅馆里有很多人。
B Yes, lots of tourists and business people.
B 是的，有很多旅游者和商人。
A What about them? I can’t make out the language they’re speaking. It’s not English.
A 那些人呢？我弄不清他们在讲什么语言。他们说的不是英语。
B Let me try and hear them.
B 让我来听听。
A Do you know what the language is? Can you understand it?
A 你知道那是什么语言吗？你能听懂吗？
B Yes, I think it’s Arabic. I think they’re from the Middle East.
B 是的，我想是阿拉伯语。我想他们是从中东来。
A Why don’t you come for a drink tomorrow evening after work?
A 你明天下班后来喝一杯怎么样？
B Thanks, but I won’t have time. I’m working late tomorrow.
B 谢谢，但是我没有时间。我明天要工作到很晚。
A Surely you’re not working too late. You’ll have time.
A 你当然不要工作到太晚。你会有时间的。
B I’m not sure when I’ll finish. I’ll be tired by the evening.
B 我不能肯定我什么时候会把工作干完。到晚上的时候我会很累的。
A OK, I understand. But if you finish early, you could come.
A 好吧，我理解。但是如果你早点结束的话，你要来啊。
B OK. Maybe I will come. I’ll see how I feel when I finish work.
B 好的。也许我会来的。这要看我干完后感觉如何。
To really understand a man we must judge him in misforrune.
Bonapart Napoleon, French emperor
要真正了解一个人，需在不幸中考察他。
法国皇帝拿破仑，B.
If you want to understand today, you have to search yesterday.
Pearl Buck, American female writer
想要懂得今天，就必须研究昨天。
美国女作家赛珍珠
Perfect understanding will sometimes almost extinguish pleasure.
A.E. Housman, British scholar and poet
完全的理解有时几乎会使乐趣消失。
英国学者、诗人豪斯曼.A.E.
Do you see it? = Do you understand? 你明白了吗？
i got you. 我懂你(的意思)。
a: i don’t get you. your dad wanted to give you a porsche and you turned
him down. what were you thinking?
A: 我真不懂你。你爸爸要给你一部保时捷, 你还拒绝他。你在想什么啊?
b: he can buy me a car but he can’t buy me.
B: 他可以买车给我, 但他不能买我(的心)。
“i don’t get you.” 里的 “get” 是 “understand”(明白、了解) 的意思。
“turn down” 是「拒绝」的意思。
beats me! 把我考倒了; 我也不懂
A: Do you know why a jerk like Todd gets all the pretty girls?
A: 你知道为何像 Todd 这种没人品的人的女朋友的都那么漂亮呢?
B: Beats me!
B: 莫宰羊(台语)
“Beats me!” 是「我也不懂」的意思。
「我不懂」还可用“i have no idea.”、“i can’t understand.”、“i don’t dig it.”。
“jerk” 是「人品差」的人。
rap说唱乐
Do you like rap music? I have trouble understanding the words.
你喜欢说唱音乐吗？我听不太懂其中的歌词。
come again 再说一遍
Come again? I didn't quite understand what you said.
再说一遍好吗？你刚说的话我不明白。
pick someone's brains请教某人
I don't understand any of this medical terminology. Do you mind if I pick your brains since you're so knowledgeable in this area?
我对医学术语一无所知。你在这方面如此在行，我能不能请教你一下？
get the drift了解
Stop me when you get the drift. I don't want to bore you with something you already understand.
你听懂了就叫停。我不想用你已经知道的事烦你。
fall flat失败；碰壁；未达到预期效果
His joke fell flat because no one understand it.
他的笑话没人听懂，所以没有收到效果。
out in left field疯了
He's out in left field. Nobody ever understands what he is talking about.
他必定疯了。没人知道他在说些什么。
run something by again重复某事务
Can you run that by again? I didn't quite understand your last point.
请再说一遍好吗？最后一点我听不太懂。
I understand completely.
我完全明白。
I don't understand.
我不知道。
- Clam up 守口如瓶，拒不开口，沉默不语
I don't understand why my students are quite talkative during the break but all clam up in class.
The English understood by "marine risks" only risks incident to transport by sea.
英国人对“海洋运输货物险”只理解为海洋中的意外风险。
We all understand that Chinese shippers are very popular in your market on account of their superior quality and competitive price.
我们都知道中国拖鞋因价廉物美而畅销于你方市场。
明白 realize; clearness; indisputability; know; palpability; plainness; understand; broadness
被理解 understood
不讲自明 understood
Step-by-step, over 1000 days, you will learn how to understand and speak English!
循序渐进，1000天之后，你既能听懂英语， 还能讲英语。
If you didn’t understand something clearly the first time, you can say: Sorry. Could you repeat that, please? / Sorry. Could you repeat that, please? This is very useful if you want to understand something clearly.
如果你第一次没有听清，你可以说：Sorry. Could you repeat that, please? / 对不起，您能重复一下吗? 如果你想清楚地理解某事，这是非常有用的句子。
不解 [bù jiě] /not understand/indissoluble/
不明 [bù míng] /not clear/unknown/fail to understand/
不求甚解 [bù qiú shèn jiě] /not seek to understand things thoroughly/be content with superficial understanding/
不识时务 [bù shí shí wù] /show no understanding of the times/
大惑不解 [dà huò bù jiě] /do not understand a certain thing/
懂 [dǒng] /to understand/to know/
懂得 [dǒng de ] /to understand/to know/to comprehend/
家喻户晓 [jiā yù hù xiǎo] /(saying) understood by every household/
见解 [jiàn jiě] /opinion/view/understanding/
据闻 [jù wén] /accounts/one's understanding/
理解 [lǐ jiě] /to comprehend/understanding/comprehension/to understand/
谅解 [liàng jiě] /(reach) an understanding/
了 [liǎo] /to know/to understand/to know/
了解 [liǎo jiě] /understand/come to understand/find out/
领会 [lǐng huì] /understand/comprehend/grasp/
明 [míng] /clear/bright/to understand/next/the Ming dynasty/
明白 [míng bai ] /clear/obvious/unequivocal/to understand/to realize/
弄清 [nòng qīng] /to clarify/to fully understand/
清楚 [qīng chu ] /clear/clearly understood/distinct/
完全懂得 [wán quán dǒng de ] /to understand completely/
晰 [xī] /understanding/
惺 [xīng] /tranquil/understand/
照会 [zhào huì] /(n) letters of understanding or concern exchanged between govermnts/
追问 [zhuī wèn] /(v) intensively ask questions in order to fully understand/
Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research.
动物权利运动的领导者将矛头指向生物医学研究，原因在于它依赖公共资金的资助，并且很少有人懂得医学研究的过程。
Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research.
当被问到她是否反对免疫接种时，她问疫苗是否来自动物实验。
When assured that they do, she replied, "Then I would have to say yes."
当被告知的确如此，她回答道，“那么我不得不说，是的，我反对接种”。
Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, "Don't worry, scientists will find some way of using computers."
当被问到瘟疫爆发怎么办时，她说，“不用担心，科学家会找到一种方法，用计算机来解决问题”。
Such well-meaning people just don't understand.
看，这样好心的人们就是不明白。
We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved.
我们所有人在某种程度上都懂得这一点，但是作为医疗消费者，我们常将死亡视为一个问题来解决。
Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view.
你的幽默必须与听众有关，能够向他们显示你是他们的一员，或者你了解他们的情况，同情他们的观点。
"I was just traveling through, got talking with this American, and pretty soon he invited me home for dinner — amazing." Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon, but are not always understood properly. The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition.
“我只是路过，和这个美国人聊了聊。很快，他就请我到他家吃饭——这真令人惊奇。”来美国的旅客谈论此类事件很普遍，但并非总能得到正确理解。很多美国人不经意表现的友好不应被看做是表面或虚假的应酬，而应该看成是文化传统的历史发展结果。
And, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily mean that someone understands social and cultural patterns.
Visitors who fail to "translate" cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions.
当然，会讲一种语言并不意味着就理解该语言的社会和文化模式。不能正确“诠释”文化含义的旅行者往往得出错误的结论。
For example, when an American uses the word "friend", the cultural implications of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitor's language and culture.
例如，美国人所说的“朋友”一词，其文化含义可能与旅行者语言和文化中的“朋友”大相径庭。
It takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between courteous convention and individual interest.
要想正确区分礼貌是出于文化习俗还是个人兴趣，单凭一次公共汽车上的偶遇是不够的。
The cruel discipline of the strike and lockout taught the two parties to respect each other's strength and understand the value of fair negotiation.
罢工和封厂的严酷惩罚使双方学会了互相尊重对方的力量，理解公正谈判的价值。
Constant practice has such an effect on memory as to lead to skilful performance on the piano, to recitation of a poem, and even to reading and understanding these words.
反复练习对记忆有很大影响，可以使人们熟练地演奏钢琴、背诵诗歌、乃至总结和理解这些词句。
Nevertheless, an evolutionary interpretation might make it difficult to understand how the commonly gradual process of forgetting survived natural selection.
然而，进化论的解释可能会使人难以理解普遍的渐进遗忘过程是如何在自然选择中幸存下来的。
And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of society's understanding — the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next generation.
正是在公立学校里我们感受到了社会知性的充分体现——传授给下一代的知识、希望和恐惧。
"I have great confidence that by the end of the decade we'll know in vast detail how cancer cells arise," says microbiologist Robert Weinberg, an expert on cancer.
“我有极大的信心相信到这个十年期结束时我们将会详尽地知晓癌细胞的生成原因，”微生物学家罗伯特·温伯格，一位癌症专家如此说道，
"But," he cautions, "some people have the idea that once one understands the causes, the cure will rapidly follow. Consider Pasteur. He discovered the causes of many kinds of infections, but it was fifty or sixty years before cures were available."
“但是，”他又告诫说，“有些人认为一旦人们弄清了病因，治疗方法很快就会跟上。其实不然，想想法国细菌学家巴斯德，他发现了许多传染病的成因，但治疗方法却在五六十年后才问世。”
"First, we need to understand how the normal cell controls itself. Second, we have to determine whether there are a limited number of genes in cells which are always responsible for at least part of the trouble. If we can understand how cancer works, we can counteract its action."
“首先，我们需要了解正常细胞如何控制自己。其次，我们必须查明细胞中是否有一定数量的基因对至少部分麻烦总是负有责任。如果我们能弄清癌症的活动规律，我们就能采取相应的措施。”
{adj: abstruse, deep, recondite} difficult to penetrate; incomprehensible to one of ordinary understanding or knowledge
"the professor's lectures were so abstruse that students tended to avoid them"
"a deep metaphysical theory"
"some recondite problem in historiography"
{adj: appreciated, apprehended, comprehended} fully understood or grasped
"dangers not yet appreciated"
"these apprehended truths"
"a thing comprehended is a thing known as fully as it can be known"
{adj: apprehensible, intelligible, graspable, perceivable, understandable} capable of being apprehended or understood
{adj: apprehensive, discerning} quick to understand
"a kind and apprehensive friend"- Nathaniel Hawthorne
{adj: at a loss, nonplused, nonplussed, puzzled} filled with bewilderment
"at a loss to understand those remarks"
"puzzled that she left without saying goodbye"
{adj: aware, cognizant, cognisant} (sometimes followed by `of') having or showing knowledge or understanding or realization or perception
"was aware of his opponent's hostility"
"became aware of her surroundings"
"aware that he had exceeded the speed limit"
<-> unaware
{adj: barren, destitute, devoid, innocent} completely wanting or lacking
"writing barren of insight"
"young recruits destitute of experience"
"a novel devoid of wit and inventiveness"
"a life empty of happiness"
"innocent of literary merit"
"void of understanding"
{adj: big, large, magnanimous} generous and understanding and tolerant
"a heart big enough to hold no grudges"
"that's very big of you to be so forgiving"
"a large and generous spirit"
"a large heart"
"magnanimous toward his enemies"
{adj: blind} unable or unwilling to perceive or understand
"blind to a lover's faults"
"blind to the consequences of their actions"
{adj: blurred, clouded} unclear in form or expression
"the blurred aims of the group"
"sometimes one understood clearly and sometimes the meaning was clouded"- H.G.Wells
{adj: charitable, benevolent, kindly, sympathetic, good-hearted, openhearted, large-hearted} showing or motivated by sympathy and understanding and generosity
"was charitable in his opinions of others"
"kindly criticism"
"a kindly act"
"sympathetic words"
"a large-hearted mentor"
{adj: complicated} difficult to analyze or understand
"a complicated problem"
"complicated Middle East politics"
{adj: compos mentis, of sound mind} of sound mind, memory, and understanding; in law, competent to got to trial
{adj: comprehensible, comprehendible} capable of being comprehended or understood
"an idea comprehensible to the average mind"
<-> incomprehensible
{adj: crisp, curt, laconic, terse} brief and to the point; effectively cut short
"a crisp retort"
"a response so curt as to be almost rude"
"the laconic reply; `yes'"
"short and terse and easy to understand"
{adj: dense, dim, dull, dumb, obtuse, slow} slow to learn or understand; lacking intellectual acuity
"so dense he never understands anything I say to him"
"never met anyone quite so dim"
"although dull at classical learning, at mathematics he was uncommonly quick"- Thackeray
"dumb officials make some really dumb decisions"
"he was either normally stupid or being deliberately obtuse"
"worked with the slow students"
{adj: dissimilar} not similar
"a group of very dissimilar people"
"a pump not dissimilar to those once found on every farm"
"their understanding of the world is not so dissimilar from our own"
"took different (or dissimilar) approaches to the problem"
<-> similar
{adj: down, down pat, mastered} understood perfectly
"had his algebra problems down"
{adj: enigmatic, enigmatical, puzzling} not clear to the understanding
"I didn't grasp the meaning of that enigmatic comment until much later"
"prophetic texts so enigmatic that their meaning has been disputed for centuries"
{adj: enlightened, knowing, knowledgeable, learned, lettered, well-educated, well-read} highly educated; having extensive information or understanding
"an enlightened public"
"knowing instructors"
"a knowledgeable critic"
"a knowledgeable audience"
{adj: explainable, interpretable} capable of being understood
"explainable phenomena"
{adj: faint} indistinctly understood or felt or perceived
"a faint clue to the origin of the mystery"
"haven't the faintest idea"
{adj: friendly} easy to understand or use
"user-friendly computers"
"a consumer-friendly policy"
"a reader-friendly novel"
<-> unfriendly
{adj: groping, hesitant} acting with uncertainty or hesitance or lack of confidence
"a groping effort to understand"
{adj: highflying} extravagant or ambitious or extreme in aims or opinions
"they did not understand what had happend at the once highflying company"
{adj: ignorant, nescient, unenlightened, unlearned, unlettered} uneducated in general; lacking knowledge or sophistication
"an ignorant man"
"nescient of contemporary literature"
"an unlearned group incapable of understanding complex issues"
"exhibiting contempt for his unlettered companions"
{adj: impenetrable} impossible to understand
"impenetrable jargon"
{adj: imperfect} not perfect; defective or inadequate
"had only an imperfect understanding of his responsibilities"
"imperfect mortals"
"drainage here is imperfect"
<-> perfect
{adj: implied, silent, tacit, understood} indicated by necessary connotation though not expressed directly
"gave silent consent"
"a tacit agreement"
"the understood provisos of a custody agreement"
{adj: incapable} (followed by `of') lacking capacity or ability
"incapable of carrying a tune"
"he is incapable of understanding the matter"
"incapable of doing the work"
<-> capable
{adj: incomprehensible, uncomprehensible} difficult to understand
"the most incomprehensible thing about the universe is that it is comprehensible"- A. Einstein
<-> comprehensible
{adj: incredible, unbelievable} beyond belief or understanding
"at incredible speed"
"the book's plot is simply incredible"
<-> credible
{adj: indistinct} not clearly defined or easy to perceive or understand
"indistinct shapes in the gloom"
"an indistinct memory"
"only indistinct notions of what to do"
<-> distinct
{adj: innumerate} lacking knowledge and understanding of mathematical concepts and methods
<-> numerate
{adj: interpreted, taken} understood in a certain way; made sense of
"a word taken literally"
"a smile taken as consent"
"an open door interpreted as an invitation"
{adj: kind} having or showing a tender and considerate and helpful nature; used especially of persons and their behavior
"kind to sick patients"
"a kind master"
"kind words showing understanding and sympathy"
"thanked her for her kind letter"
<-> unkind
{adj: misunderstood} wrongly understood
"a misunderstood criticism"
"a misunderstood question"
{adj: morganatic, left-handed} (of marriages) of a marriage between one of royal or noble birth and one of lower rank; valid but with the understanding that the rank of the inferior remains unchanged and offspring do not succeed to titles or property of the superior
{adj: mysterious, mystic, mystical, occult, secret, orphic} having an import not apparent to the senses nor obvious to the intelligence; beyond ordinary understanding
"mysterious symbols"
"the mystical style of Blake"
"occult lore"
"the secret learning of the ancients"
{adj: nitwitted, senseless, soft-witted, witless} (of especially persons) lacking sense or understanding or judgment
{adj: non compos mentis, of unsound mind} not of sound mind, memory, or understanding; in law, not competent to go to trial
{adj: numerate} able to understand and use numbers
<-> innumerate
{adj: obscure, vague} not clearly understood or expressed
"an obscure turn of phrase"
"an impulse to go off and fight certain obscure battles of his own spirit"-Anatole Broyard
"their descriptions of human behavior become vague, dull, and unclear"- P.A.Sorokin
"vague...forms of speech...have so long passed for mysteries of science"- John Locke
{adj: opaque, unintelligible} not clearly understood or expressed
{adj: parrotlike} mechanically imitated or repeated without thought or understanding
"a mere parrotlike word-calling process"
"a voice quality sounding parrotlike"
{adj: perceptive} having the ability to perceive or understand; keen in discernment
"a perceptive eye"
"a perceptive observation"
<-> unperceptive
{adj: singular} being a single and separate person or thing
"can the singular person be understood apart from his culture?"
"every fact in the world might be singular...unlike any other fact and sole of its kind"-William James
{adj: transcendent} beyond and outside the ordinary range of human experience or understanding
"philosophers...often explicitly reject the notion of any transcendent reality beyond thought...and claim to be concerned only with thought itself..."- W.P.Alston
"the unknowable mysteries of life"
{adj: transparent} easily understood or seen through (because of a lack of subtlety)
"a transparent explanation"
"a transparent lie"
{adj: uncomprehended} not fully understood
"an uncomprehended mystery"
{adj: uncomprehending} lacking understanding
"tried to explain to her uncomprehending husband"
{adj: understanding} characterized by understanding based on comprehension and discernment and empathy
"an understanding friend"
{adj: understood} fully apprehended as to purport or meaning or explanation
"the understood conditions of troop withdrawal were clear"
<-> ununderstood
{adj: undeterred, undiscouraged} not deterred
"pursued his own path...undeterred by lack of popular appreciation and understanding"- Osbert Sitwell
{adj: unfathomable} impossible to come to understand
{adj: unfriendly} not easy to understand or use
"user-unfriendly"
<-> friendly
{adj: unprofessional} not characteristic of or befitting a profession or one engaged in a profession
"described in unprofessional language so that high school students could understand it"
"was censured for unprofessional conduct"
"unprofessional repairs"
<-> professional
{adj: unready} not prepared or in a state of readiness; slow to understand or respond
"she cursed her unready tongue"
<-> ready
{adj: ununderstood} not understood
"should not tamely submit to the unpredictable and ununderstood cycles of wars"- Psychiatry
<-> understood
{adv: God knows how} by some means not understood by the speaker
"God knows how he did it, but he did climbed that steep wall"
{adv: abstrusely} in a manner difficult to understand
"the professor's abstrusely reasoned theories were wasted on his students"
{adv: around} to a particular destination either specified or understood
"she came around to see me"
"I invited them around for supper"
{adv: by and by, later} at some eventual time in the future
"By and by he'll understand"
"I'll see you later"
{adv: despairingly, despondently} with desperation
"`Why can't you understand?,' she asked despairingly"
{adv: eventually, yet, sooner or later, in time, one of these days} within an indefinite time or at an unspecified future time
"he will understand eventually"
"he longed for the flowers that were yet to show themselves"
"sooner or later you will have to face the facts"
"in time they came to accept the harsh reality"
{adv: fully, to the full, full} to the greatest degree or extent; completely or entirely; (`full' in this sense is used as a combining form)
"fully grown"
"he didn't fully understand"
"knew full well"
"full-grown"
"full-fledged"
{adv: incompletely} not to a full degree or extent
"words incompletely understood"
"a form filled out incompletely"
{adv: someday} some unspecified time in the future
"someday you will understand my actions"
{adv: transparently} so as to be easily understood or seen through
"his transparently lucid prose"
"his transparently deceitful behavior"
{adv: understandingly} with understanding
"she nodded understandingly"
{adv: well} thoroughly or completely; fully; often used as a combining form
"The problem is well understood"
"she was well informed"
"shake well before using"
"in order to avoid food poisoning be sure the meat is well cooked"
"well-done beef", "well-satisfied customers"
"well-educated"
{n: Buber, Martin Buber} Israeli religious philosopher (born in Austria); as a Zionist he promoted understanding between Jews and Arabs; his writings affected Christian thinkers as well as Jews (1878-1965)
{n: Herzberg, Gerhard Herzberg} Canadian physicist (born in Germany) noted for contributions to understanding the structure of molecules (born in 1904)
{n: Hoffmann, Roald Hoffmann} United States chemist (born in Poland) who used quantum mechanics to understand chemical reactions (born in 1937)
{n: Tower of Babel, Babel} (Genesis 11:1-11) a tower built by Noah's descendants (probably in Babylon) who intended it to reach up to heaven; God foiled them by confusing their language so they could no longer understand one another
{n: Wernicke's aphasia, fluent aphasia, receptive aphasia, sensory aphasia, impressive aphasia} aphasia characterized by fluent but meaningless speech and severe impairment of the ability understand spoken or written words
{n: agreement, understanding} the statement (oral or written) of an exchange of promises
"they had an agreement that they would not interfere in each other's business"
"there was an understanding between management and the workers"
{n: aphasia} inability to use or understand language (spoken or written) because of a brain lesion
{n: aphasic} someone affected by aphasia or inability to use or understand language
{n: appreciation, grasp, hold} understanding of the nature or meaning or quality or magnitude of something
"he has a good grasp of accounting practices"
{n: appreciator} a person who is fully aware of something and understands it
"he is not an appreciator of our dilemma"
{n: arrangement, organization, organisation, system} an organized structure for arranging or classifying
"he changed the arrangement of the topics"
"the facts were familiar but it was in the organization of them that he was original"
"he tried to understand their system of classification"
{n: aspersion, slur} a disparaging remark
"in the 19th century any reference to female sexuality was considered a vile aspersion"
"it is difficult for a woman to understand a man's sensitivity to any slur on his virility"
{n: auditory agnosia} inability to recognize or understand the meaning of spoken words
{n: auditory aphasia, acoustic aphasia, word deafness} an impairment in understanding spoken language that is not attributable to hearing loss
{n: avenue} a line of approach
"they explored every avenue they could think of"
"it promises to open new avenues to understanding"
{n: background, background knowledge} information that is essential to understanding a situation or problem
"the embassy filled him in on the background of the incident"
{n: barrier, roadblock} any condition that makes it difficult to make progress or to achieve an objective
"intolerance is a barrier to understanding"
{n: bewilderment, obfuscation, puzzlement, befuddlement, mystification, bafflement, bemusement} confusion resulting from failure to understand
{n: biochemistry} the organic chemistry of compounds and processes occuring in organisms; the effort to understand biology within the context of chemistry
{n: breadth, comprehensiveness, largeness} the capacity to understand a broad range of topics
"a teacher must have a breadth of knowledge of the subject"
"a man distinguished by the largeness and scope of his views"
{n: capacity, mental ability} the power to learn or retain knowledge; in law, the ability to understand the facts and significance of your behavior
<-> incapacity
{n: clarification, elucidation, illumination} an interpretation that removes obstacles to understanding
"the professor's clarification helped her to understand the textbook"
{n: clarity, lucidity, lucidness, pellucidity, clearness, limpidity} free from obscurity and easy to understand; the comprehensibility of clear expression
<-> obscurity, unclearness
{n: cognizance, ken} range of what one can know or understand
"beyond my ken"
{n: common ground} a basis agreed to by all parties for reaching a mutual understanding
{n: compassion, pity} the humane quality of understanding the suffering of others and wanting to do something about it
{n: compatibility} a feeling of sympathetic understanding
{n: competence hearing} a hearing to determine legal capacity (to determine whether the defendant can understand the charges and cooperate with a lawyer in preparing a defense)
{n: comprehension} an ability to understand the meaning or importance of something (or the knowledge acquired as a result)
"how you can do that is beyond my comprehension"
"he was famous for his comprehension of American literature"
<-> incomprehension
{n: determinism} (philosophy) a philosophical theory holding that all events are inevitable consequences of antecedent sufficient causes; often understood as denying the possibility of free will
{n: digestion} learning and coming to understand ideas and information
"his appetite for facts was better than his digestion"
{n: dramatic irony} (theater) irony that occurs when the meaning of the situation is understood by the audience but not by the characters in the play
{n: dullness, obtuseness} the quality of being slow to understand
{n: ecumenical movement} a movement aimed to promote understanding and cooperation among Christian churches; aimed ultimately at universal Christian unity
{n: ecumenism, ecumenicism, ecumenicalism} (Christianity) the doctrine of the ecumenical movement that promotes cooperation and better understanding among different religious denominations: aimed at universal Christian unity
{n: empathy} understanding and entering into another's feelings
{n: encounter group} a meeting of people to develop mutual understanding by freely expressing emotions
{n: enlightenment} education that results in understanding and the spread of knowledge
<-> unenlightenment
{n: entente, entente cordiale} a friendly understanding between political powers
{n: eurythmy, eurhythmy, eurythmics, eurhythmics} the interpretation in harmonious bodily movements of the rhythm of musical compositions; used to teach musical understanding
{n: excogitation} thinking something out with care in order to achieve complete understanding of it
{n: exercise, example} a task performed or problem solved in order to develop skill or understanding
"you must work the examples at the end of each chapter in the textbook"
{n: exposition} an account that sets forth the meaning or intent of a writing or discourse
"we would have understood the play better if there had been some initial exposition of the background"
{n: feeling, intuitive feeling} an intuitive understanding of something
"he had a great feeling for music"
{n: flash} a sudden brilliant understanding
"he had a flash of intuition"
{n: foulness} disgusting wickedness and immorality
"he understood the foulness of sin"
"his display of foulness deserved severe punishment"
"mouths which speak such foulness must be cleansed"
{n: grasping} understanding with difficulty
"the lecture was beyond his most strenuous graspings"
{n: gulf, disconnect, disconnection} an unbridgeable disparity (as from a failure of understanding)
"he felt a gulf between himself and his former friends"
"there is a vast disconnect between public opinion and federal policy"
{n: hindsight} understanding the nature of an event after it has happened
"hindsight is always better than foresight"
{n: holism, holistic theory} the theory that the parts of any whole cannot exist and cannot be understood except in their relation to the whole
"holism holds that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts"
"holistic theory has been applied to ecology and language and mental states"
<-> atomism
{n: illustration} a visual representation (a picture or diagram) that is used make some subject more pleasing or easier to understand
{n: impenetrability, impenetrableness} incomprehensibility by virtue of being too dense to understand
{n: incomprehension} an inability to understand
"his incomprehension of the consequences"
<-> comprehension
{n: inexperience, rawness} lack of experience and the knowledge and understanding derived from experience
"procedural inexperience created difficulties"
"their poor behavior was due to the rawness of the troops"
<-> experience
{n: information, info} a message received and understood
{n: informed consent} consent by a patient to undergo a medical or surgical treatment or to participate in an experiment after the patient understands the risks involved
{n: inkling, intimation, glimmering, glimmer} a slight suggestion or vague understanding
"he had no inkling what was about to happen"
{n: insight, brainstorm, brainwave} the clear (and often sudden) understanding of a complex situation
{n: insight, perceptiveness, perceptivity} a feeling of understanding
{n: intelligence} the ability to comprehend; to understand and profit from experience
<-> stupidity
{n: irrationality, unreason} the state of being irrational; lacking powers of understanding
{n: language teaching} teaching people to speak and understand a foreign language
{n: lens} (metaphor) a channel through which something can be seen or understood
"the writer is the lens through which history can be seen"
{n: lighting} the craft of providing artificial light
"an interior decorator must understand lighting"
{n: light} a particular perspective or aspect of a situation
"although he saw it in a different light, he still did not understand"
{n: light} mental understanding as an enlightening experience
"he finally saw the light"
"can you shed light on this problem?"
{n: linguistic process, language} the cognitive processes involved in producing and understanding linguistic communication
"he didn't have the language to express his feelings"
{n: lip reader} someone who can understand spoken words by watching the movements of a speaker's lips
{n: mistake, error, fault} a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention
"he made a bad mistake"
"she was quick to point out my errors"
"I could understand his English in spite of his grammatical faults"
{n: mistake, misunderstanding, misapprehension} an understanding of something that is not correct
"he wasn't going to admit his mistake"
"make no mistake about his intentions"
"there must be some misunderstanding--I don't have a sister"
{n: motivation, motive, need} the psychological feature that arouses an organism to action toward a desired goal; the reason for the action; that which gives purpose and direction to behavior
"we did not understand his motivation"
"he acted with the best of motives"
{n: mumbo jumbo} language that is unnecessarily difficult to understand
{n: mutual understanding, mutual affection} sympathy of each person for the other
{n: mystery, enigma, secret, closed book} something that baffles understanding and cannot be explained
"how it got out is a mystery"
"it remains one of nature's secrets"
{n: mystification, obfuscation} the activity of obscuring people's understanding, leaving them baffled or bewildered
{n: naturalism} (philosophy) the doctrine that the world can be understood in scientific terms without recourse to spiritual or supernatural explanations
{n: naturalist} an advocate of the doctrine that the world can be understood in scientific terms
{n: nuance, nicety, shade, subtlety, refinement} a subtle difference in meaning or opinion or attitude
"without understanding the finer nuances you can't enjoy the humor"
"don't argue about shades of meaning"
{n: obscureness, obscurity, abstruseness, reconditeness} the quality of being unclear or abstruse and hard to understand
<-> clarity
{n: obviousness, noticeability, noticeableness, patency} the property of being easy to see and understand
{n: parrot} a copycat who does not understand the words or acts being imitated
{n: percent sign, percentage sign} a sign (`%') used to indicate that the number preceding it should be understood as a proportion multiplied by 100
{n: perceptiveness} the quality of insight and sympathetic understanding
<-> unperceptiveness
{n: popularism} music adapted to the understanding and taste of the majority
{n: protein folding, folding} the process whereby a protein molecule assumes its intricate three-dimensional shape
"understanding protein folding is the next step in deciphering the genetic code"
{n: rapport, resonance} a relationship of mutual understanding or trust and agreement between people
{n: readability} the quality of written language that makes it easy to read and understand
{n: reading} the cognitive process of understanding a written linguistic message
"he enjoys reading books"
{n: realization, realisation, recognition} coming to understand something clearly and distinctly
"a growing realization of the risk involved"
"a sudden recognition of the problem he faced"
"increasing recognition that diabetes frequently coexists with other chronic diseases"
{n: reason, understanding, intellect} the capacity for rational thought or inference or discrimination
"we are told that man is endowed with reason and capable of distinguishing good from evil"
{n: reductionism} a theory that all complex systems can be completely understood in terms of their components
{n: sagacity, sagaciousness, judgment, judgement, discernment} the mental ability to understand and discriminate between relations
{n: self-knowledge} an understanding of yourself and your goals and abilities
{n: shop talk} talk about your business that only others in the same business can understand
{n: smattering} a slight or superficial understanding of a subject
{n: sophistication} being expert or having knowledge of some technical subject
"understanding affine transformations requires considerable mathematical sophistication"
{n: square, lame} someone who doesn't understand what is going on
{n: stretch} extension to or beyond the ordinary limit
"running at full stretch"
"by no stretch of the imagination"
"beyond any stretch of his understanding"
{n: study, work} applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading)
"mastering a second language requires a lot of work"
"no schools offer graduate study in interior design"
{n: stupidity} a poor ability to understand or to profit from experience
<-> intelligence
{n: supernaturalism} a belief in forces beyond ordinary human understanding
{n: sympathy, understanding} an inclination to support or be loyal to or to agree with an opinion
"his sympathies were always with the underdog"
"I knew I could count on his understanding"
{n: tension} a balance between and interplay of opposing elements or tendencies (especially in art or literature)
"there is a tension created between narrative time and movie time"
"there is a tension between these approaches to understanding history"
{n: text} the main body of a written work (as distinct from illustrations or footnotes etc.)
"pictures made the text easier to understand"
{n: understanding, apprehension, discernment, savvy} the cognitive condition of someone who understands
"he has virtually no understanding of social cause and effect"
{n: unenlightenment} a lack of understanding
<-> enlightenment
{n: unperceptiveness} the lack of insight and sympathetic understanding
<-> perceptiveness
{n: unspoken accusation, veiled accusation} an accusation that is understood without needing to be spoken
{n: vapor pressure, vapour pressure} the pressure exerted by a vapor; often understood to mean saturated vapor pressure (the vapor pressure of a vapor in contact with its liquid form)
{n: vasopressor} any agent that produces vasoconstriction and a rise in blood pressure (usually understood as increased arterial pressure)
{n: wavelength} a shared orientation leading to mutual understanding
"they are on the same wavelength"
{n: weekend warrior} a homeowner who acts as a contractor and tries to do major improvement projects on weekends (often without understanding the scope of the work to be done)
{n: wisdom, sapience} ability to apply knowledge or experience or understanding or common sense and insight
{v: acquire, win, gain} win something through one's efforts
"I acquired a passing knowledge of Chinese"
"Gain an understanding of international finance"
<-> lose
{v: answer, resolve} understand the meaning of
"The question concerning the meaning of life cannot be answered"
{v: begin} achieve or accomplish in the least degree, usually used in the negative
"This economic measure doesn't even begin to deal with the problem of inflation"
"You cannot even begin to understand the problem we had to deal with during the war"
{v: begin} begin to speak, understand, read, and write a language
"She began Russian at an early age"
"We started French in fourth grade"
{v: capacitate} make capable
"This instruction capacitates us to understand the problem"
{v: catch on, get wise, get onto, tumble, latch on, cotton on, twig, get it} understand, usually after some initial difficulty
"She didn't know what her classmates were plotting but finally caught on"
{v: come, follow} to be the product or result
"Melons come from a vine"
"Understanding comes from experience"
{v: come} reach a state, relation, or condition
"The water came to a boil"
"We came to understand the true meaning of life"
"Their anger came to a boil"
"I came to realize the true meaning of life"
{v: connote, predicate} involve as a necessary condition of consequence ; as in logic
"solving the problem is predicated on understanding it well"
{v: convert, win over, convince} make (someone) agree, understand, or realize the truth or validity of something
"He had finally convinced several customers of the advantages of his product"
{v: elude, escape} be incomprehensible to ; escape understanding by
"What you are seeing in him eludes me"
{v: enlighten, edify} make understand
"Can you enlighten me--I don't understand this proposal"
{v: enrich} make better or improve in quality
"The experience enriched her understanding"
"enriched foods"
<-> deprive
{v: equip} provide with abilities or understanding
"She was never equipped to be a dancer"
{v: fail} be unable
"I fail to understand your motives"
<-> manage
{v: figure} understand
"He didn't figure her"
{v: hope, trust, desire} expect and wish
"I trust you will behave better from now on"
"I hope she understands that she cannot expect a raise"
{v: intimate, adumbrate, insinuate} give to understand
"I insinuated that I did not like his wife"
{v: master, control} have a firm understanding or knowledge of ; be on top of
"Do you control these data?"
{v: mean, intend} mean or intend to express or convey
"You never understand what I mean!"
"what do his words intend?"
{v: penetrate, fathom, bottom} come to understand
{v: premise} set forth beforehand, often as an explanation
"He premised these remarks so that his readers might understand"
{v: puzzle} be uncertain about ; think about without fully understanding or being able to decide
"We puzzled over her sudden departure"
{v: read} to hear and understand
"I read you loud and clear!"
{v: resonate, come across} be received or understood
{v: scramble} make unintelligible
"scramble the message so that nobody can understand it"
<-> unscramble
{v: see} see and understand, have a good eye
"The artist must first learn to see"
{v: solve, work out, figure out, puzzle out, lick, work} find the solution to (a problem or question) or understand the meaning of
"did you solve the problem?"
"Work out your problems with the boss"
"this unpleasant situation isn't going to work itself out"
"did you get it?"
"Did you get my meaning?"
"He could not work the math problem"
{v: sympathize, sympathise, empathize, empathise, understand} be understanding of
"You don't need to explain--I understand!"
{v: sympathize, sympathise} share the feelings of ; understand the sentiments of
{v: understand, infer} believe to be the case
"I understand you have no previous experience?"
{v: understand, read, interpret, translate} make sense of a language
"She understands French"
"Can you read Greek?"
{v: understand, realize, realise, see} perceive (an idea or situation) mentally
"Now I see!"
"I just can't see your point"
"Does she realize how important this decision is?"
"I don't understand the idea"
{v: understand} know and comprehend the nature or meaning of
"She did not understand her husband"
"I understand what she means"
{v: utter, emit, let out, let loose} express audibly ; utter sounds (not necessarily words)
"She let out a big heavy sigh"
"He uttered strange sounds that nobody could understand"
And because it understands and forgives what is less so.
还因为它能理解和原谅一些逊色的东西。
Understanding nothing, I looked at Masood and saw that his eyes were darting about to left and right like two mice that have lost their way home.
我大惑不解地看着马苏德，看到他的两眼左顾右盼，一躲一闪，就像两只迷路找不到家的小老鼠。
They understood instinctively that integrity means having a personal standard of morality and ethics that does not sell out to expediency and that is not relative to the situation at hand.
他们本能的理解是，诚实意味着具备一定的伦理道德标准，既不看风使舵，也不随着眼下的形势而转移。
You and your husband are fortunate indeed to have not only each other, but an understanding of what it takes to create an ideal marriage.
你和你丈夫的确很幸运，你们不但彼此拥有，而且能够理解具备什么才能缔造一个理想的婚姻。
" I don't understand, " said George. " What game? "
"我不明白， "乔说。 "什么游戏？ "
She did not dare affront him, for she understood the pride of artists.
她不敢冒犯他，因为她明白艺术家最珍视尊严。
'Ben, sometimes I don't understand you, ' my mother was saying. '
"本，有时我真不理解你， "母亲说，"
It was her hope that in speaking with these " conflict journalists " she would gain a greater understanding of her brother and why he died.
埃米希望，通过与这些 "报道冲突的新闻工作者 "的对话，她能加深对她哥哥的了解，以及搞清楚使她哥哥走上不归路的事实真相。
That was a principle that Apple tragically failed to understand when it backed off from licensing its graphic computer interface, assuring that its market share would be savaged by Microsoft's more open Windows operating system. "苹果 "电脑公司悲剧性地未能理解这一原则，它放弃了它的图形电脑界面的销售许可，因为担心自己的市场份额会被微软更开放的视窗操作系统无情地侵占。
As to the cloning of dictators and celebrities, or the manufacture of a " super race ", we all understand that genetic identity does not guarantee identical personality and behaviour.
至于独裁者和名人的克隆或是一个 "高级种族 "的制造，我们都清楚，拥有相同的基因并不能保证拥有完全相同的个性和行为。
He is now studying the amounts of carbon dioxide and other gases in air bubbles in the ice, seeking to understand the ancient atmosphere.
他现在在研究冰的气泡中所含二氧化碳和其他气体的量，试图了解古代的大气状况。
To be honest, I still don't fully understand why this technique works, but it does, and remarkably well for most people.
老实说，我仍未完全弄懂，为何自我监督这种方法行之有效，但它确实有效，而且对多数人都效果显著。
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