strain [ 'strein] vt.拉紧 vi.尽力
strain every nerve 竭尽全力
strained [ 'streind] adj．不自然的，不友好的
HIV 菌种 HIV strains/ strains of HIV
HIV strains/ strains of HIV HIV 菌种
Axial strain 轴向应变
the stresses and strains of modern life
现代生活的紧张和压力
All this imposes a constant pressure and strain of work, but in spite of this some students still find time for great activity in student affairs.
所有这些给学生们施加了很大的压力，尽管如此，学生们还是积极参加学生活动。
我忍受不了。
I can't stand it. *stand “容忍，忍耐”。
Tom is very rude. (汤姆太粗鲁了。)
Yeah, I can't stand it. (就是，我真受不了他。)
I can't take it (anymore).
I can't bare it (anymore).
I can't take the strain.
I can't stand it any longer.
I can't put up with it any longer! *put up with...“忍受……”。
悲歌 [bēi gē] /sad melody/stirring strains/elegy/dirge/threnody/sing with solemn fervor/
吃力 [chī lì] /entail strenuous effort/be a strain/
费力 [fèi lì] /great effort/to strain (oneself)/
紧张 [jǐn zhāng] /critical/tension/nervous/intense/strained/tense/
拉紧 [lā jǐn] /strain/tense/tighten/
渌 [lù] /clear (water)/strain liquids/
漉 [lù] /strain liquids/
滤 [lǜ] /to strain/to filter/
抒 [shū] /to strain/pour out/
醑 [xǔ] /spiritus/strain spirits/
钊 [zhāo] /encourage/to cut/to strain/
I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of "juggling your life", and making the alternative move into “downshifting” brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status.
我已经发现（由于压力过大，凯茜已多次公开宣称要辞去《她》杂志编辑的职务，在这之后她也许会有同样发现），放弃“忙忙碌碌”的生活哲学，转而过一种“放慢生活节奏”的生活所带来的回报，比经济成功和社会地位更有价值。
Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I once enjoyed: 12-hour working days, pressured deadlines, the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on "quality time".
什么也说服不了我回到过去那种凯茜所宣扬的、我也曾自得其乐的生活中去：每天12小时的工作日，压得人喘不过气来的最后期限，可怕而紧张的办公室的争权夺利，以及因为时间有限连做母亲也得“高效率”所造成的种种限制。
{adj: accommodational} of or relating to the accommodation of the lens of the eye
"accommodational strain"
{adj: agonistic, strained} struggling for effect
"agonistic poses"
{adj: arduous, straining, strenuous} taxing to the utmost; testing powers of endurance
"his final, straining burst of speed"
"a strenuous task"
"your willingness after these six arduous days to remain here"- F.D.Roosevelt
{adj: bearing} (of a structural member) withstanding a weight or strain
<-> nonbearing
{adj: caprine} being or pertaining to or resembling a goat or goats
"caprine creatures"
"a caprine strain of virus"
"a caprine voice"
{adj: casual, effortless} not showing effort or strain
"a difficult feat performed with casual mastery"
"careless grace"
{adj: chained, enchained, in chains} bound with chains
"enchained demons strained in anger to gnaw on his bones"
"prisoners in chains"
{adj: constrained, forced, strained} lacking spontaneity; not natural
"a constrained smile"
"forced heartiness"
"a strained smile"
{adj: contorted, distorted, twisted} strained or wrenched out of normal shape
"old trees with contorted branches"
"scorched and distorted fragments of steel"
"trapped under twisted steel girders"
{adj: crossbred, interbred} bred of parents of different races or strains
{adj: crossbred} bred from a mixture of breeds or strains
<-> purebred
{adj: halting} fragmentary or halting from emotional strain
"uttered a few broken words of sorrow"
{adj: labored, laboured, strained} lacking natural ease
"a labored style of debating"
{adj: purebred} bred for many generation from member of a recognized breed or strain
<-> crossbred
{adj: ragged} worn out from stress or strain
"run ragged"
{adj: relaxed} without strain or anxiety
"gave the impression of being quite relaxed"
"a relaxed and informal discussion"
<-> tense
{adj: strained} under great stress
"her voice was strained as she asked the question"
{adj: stressed, distressed, in a bad way} suffering severe physical strain or distress
"he dropped out of the race, clearly distressed and having difficulty breathing"
"the victim was in a bad way and needed immediate attention"
{adj: undiluted} not diluted
"undiluted milk"
"an undiluted racial strain"
<-> diluted
{adj: unrelaxed} nor relaxed
"his life was drawing to a close in baffled zeal and unrelaxed strain"- U.B.Phillips
{adv: intently} with strained or eager attention
"listened intently"
"stood watching intently"
{n: Africanized bee, Africanized honey bee, killer bee, Apis mellifera scutellata, Apis mellifera adansonii} a strain of bees that originated in Brazil in the 1950s as a cross between an aggressive African bee and a honeybee; retains most of the traits of the African bee; now spread as far north as Texas
{n: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus globigii, grass bacillus, hay bacillus} a species of bacillus found in soil and decomposing organic matter; some strains produce antibiotics
{n: Hooke's law} (physics) the principle that (within the elastic limit) the stress applied to a solid is proportional to the strain produced
{n: Pacific bonito, Sarda lineolata} probably a northern strain of Chile bonito
{n: aplomb, assuredness, cool, poise, sang-froid} great coolness and composure under strain
"keep your cool"
{n: breed, strain, stock} a special variety of domesticated animals within a species
"he experimented on a particular breed of white rats"
"he created a new strain of sheep"
{n: breed, strain} a lineage or race of people
{n: catachresis} strained or paradoxical use of words either in error (as `blatant' to mean `flagrant') or deliberately (as in a mixed metaphor: `blind mouths')
{n: cenogenesis, kenogenesis, caenogenesis, cainogenesis, kainogenesis} introduction during embryonic development of characters or structure not present in the earlier evolutionary history of the strain or species (as addition of the placenta in mammalian evolution)
<-> palingenesis
{n: clear liquid diet} a diet of fluids with minimal residues (fat-free broth or strained fruit juices or gelatin); cannot be used for more than one day postoperative
{n: cotton strain} feeds primarily on cotton
{n: detente} the easing of tensions or strained relations (especially between nations)
{n: distortion, overrefinement, straining, torture, twisting} the act of distorting something so it seems to mean something it was not intended to mean
{n: form, variant, strain, var.} (biology) a group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways from similar groups
"a new strain of microorganisms"
{n: hitch} a knot that can be undone by pulling against the strain that holds it
{n: indication, indicant} something that serves to indicate or suggest
"an indication of foul play"
"indications of strain"
"symptoms are the prime indicants of disease"
{n: liquid diet} a diet of foods that can be served in liquid or strained form (plus custards or puddings); prescribed after certain kinds of surgery
{n: lumbago, lumbar pain} backache affecting the lumbar region or lower back; can be caused by muscle strain or arthritis or vascular insufficiency or a ruptured intervertebral disc
{n: nafcillin, Nafcil} a penicillinase-resistant form of penicillin (trade name Nafcil) used (usually in the form of its sodium salt) to treat infections caused by penicillin-resistant strains of staphylococci
{n: orphenadrine, Norflex} a skeletal muscle relaxant (trade name Norflex) used to treat severe muscle strain and Parkinsonism
{n: overstrain} too much strain
{n: palingenesis, recapitulation} emergence during embryonic development of various characters or structures that appeared during the evolutionary history of the strain or species
<-> cenogenesis
{n: pease pudding} a pudding made with strained split peas mixed with egg
{n: pneumococcal vaccine, Pneumovax} vaccine (trade name Pneumovax) effective against the 23 most common strains of pneumococcus
{n: pull, pulling} the act of pulling; applying force to move something toward or with you
"the pull up the hill had him breathing harder"
"his strenuous pulling strained his back"
{n: puree} food prepared by cooking and straining or processed in a blender
{n: quality} an essential and distinguishing attribute of something or someone
"the quality of mercy is not strained"--Shakespeare
{n: rest, ease, repose, relaxation} freedom from activity (work or strain or responsibility)
"took his repose by the swimming pool"
{n: sign, mark} a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened)
"he showed signs of strain"
"they welcomed the signs of spring"
{n: song, strain} the act of singing
"with a shout and a song they marched up to the gates"
{n: sound, auditory sensation} the subjective sensation of hearing something
"he strained to hear the faint sounds"
{n: staphylococcal enterotoxin} a soluble exotoxin produced by some strains of staphylococcus; a cause of food poisoning
{n: strain gauge, strain gage} a gauge for measuring strain in a surface
{n: strain, mental strain, nervous strain} (psychology) nervousness resulting from mental stress
"his responsibilities were a constant strain"
"the mental strain of staying alert hour after hour was too much for him"
{n: strain, straining} an intense or violent exertion
{n: strain} (physics) deformation of a physical body under the action of applied forces
{n: strain} injury to a muscle (often caused by overuse); results in swelling and pain
{n: streptodornase} an enzyme produced by some hemolytic strains of streptococcus that dissolves fibrinous secretions from infections; used medicinally (often in combination with streptokinase)
{n: streptokinase} an enzyme produced by some strains of streptococcus that can liquefy blood clots by converting plasminogen to plasmin; used medicinally in some cases of myocardial infarction and pulmonary embolism
{n: streptolysin} any of several hemolysins derived from strains of streptococcus
{n: stress incontinence} urinary incontinence that occurs when involuntary pressure is put on the bladder by coughing or laughing or sneezing or lifting or straining
{n: stress, strain} difficulty that causes worry or emotional tension
"she endured the stresses and strains of life"
"he presided over the economy during the period of the greatest stress and danger"- R.J.Samuelson
{n: stress} (physics) force that produces strain on a physical body
"the intensity of stress is expressed in units of force divided by units of area"
{n: striving, nisus, pains, strain} an effortful attempt to attain a goal
{n: superbug, Bemisia tabaci, poinsettia strain} a strain accidentally imported into Florida from the Middle East then spread to California where it is a very serious pest feeding on almost all vegetable crops and poinsettias
{n: tenor, strain} the general meaning or substance of an utterance
"although I disagreed with him I could follow the tenor of his argument"
{n: tension, tenseness, stress} (psychology) a state of mental or emotional strain or suspense
"he suffered from fatigue and emotional tension"
"stress is a vasoconstrictor"
{n: tension, tensity, tenseness, tautness} the physical condition of being stretched or strained
"it places great tension on the leg muscles"
"he could feel the tenseness of her body"
{n: tomato sauce} sauce made with a puree of tomatoes (or strained tomatoes) with savory vegetables and other seasonings; can be used on pasta
{n: tune, melody, air, strain, melodic line, line, melodic phrase} a succession of notes forming a distinctive sequence
"she was humming an air from Beethoven"
{n: weakness} the property of lacking physical or mental strength; liability to failure under pressure or stress or strain
"his weakness increased as he became older"
"the weakness of the span was overlooked until it collapsed"
<-> strength
{n: wrench, twist, pull} a sharp strain on muscles or ligaments
"the wrench to his knee occurred as he fell"
"he was sidelined with a hamstring pull"
{v: bear down} exert a force or cause a strain upon
"This tax bears down on the lower middle class"
{v: bear up} endure cheerfully
"She bore up under the enormous strain"
{v: bruise} break up into small pieces for food preparation
"bruise the berries with a wooden spoon and strain them"
{v: crick} twist the head into a strained position
{v: deform, distort, strain} alter the shape of (something) by stress
"His body was deformed by leprosy"
{v: extend oneself} strain to the utmost
{v: filter, filtrate, strain, separate out, filter out} remove by passing through a filter
"filter out the impurities"
{v: gag, heave, retch} make an unsuccessful effort to vomit ; strain to vomit
{v: kill oneself, overexert oneself} strain oneself more than is healthy
{v: overstrain, overextend} strain excessively
"He overextended himself when he accepted the additional assignment"
{v: pull, overstretch} strain abnormally
"I pulled a muscle in my leg when I jumped up"
"The athlete pulled a tendon in the competition"
{v: puree, strain} rub through a strainer or process in an electric blender
"puree the vegetables for the baby"
{v: relax, unstrain, unlax, loosen up, unwind, make relaxed} cause to feel relaxed
"A hot bath always relaxes me"
<-> strain, tense
{v: rubberneck} strain to watch ; stare curiously
"The cars slowed down and the drivers rubbernecked after the accident"
{v: screw up} twist into a strained configuration
"screw up one's face"
{v: sift, sieve, strain} separate by passing through a sieve or other straining device to separate out coarser elements
"sift the flour"
{v: strain, extend} use to the utmost ; exert vigorously or to full capacity
"He really extended himself when he climbed Kilimanjaro"
"Don't strain your mind too much"
{v: strain, tense} stretch or force to the limit
"strain the rope"
{v: strive, reach, strain} to exert much effort or energy
"straining our ears to hear"
{v: tell on} produce an affect or strain on somebody
"Each step told on his tired legs"
{v: tense, strain, tense up} make tense and uneasy or nervous or anxious
{v: tire, wear upon, tire out, wear, weary, jade, wear out, outwear, wear down, fag out, fag, fatigue} exhaust or tire through overuse or great strain or stress
"We wore ourselves out on this hike"
<-> refresh
{v: try, strain, stress} test the limits of
"You are trying my patience!"
{v: tug} pull or strain hard at
"Each oar was tugged by several men"
{v: unbend} release from mental strain, tension, or formality
"unbend the mind from absorbing too much information"
I strain for news of people who are taking it.
我努力搜寻有关服用这种药的病人的消息。
Now researchers are trying to transplant the defective human gene into mice in an effort to create a strain of mice that develop both plaques and tangles.
现在，研究者正在努力将有缺陷的人基因移植到白鼠中，目的是培养一集斑缠结于一的白鼠。
As biotechnology becomes more sophisticated and powerful, and as the genetic code of more organisms is identified, biologists will learn how to mix genes of different microbes to create unnatural strains that can be turned into deadly, effective weapons.
随着生物技术变得越来越复杂和强大，随着越来越多的有机体的基因密码被识别出来，生物学家们将会研究出如何混合各种不同类型的微生物以制造出非天然的病菌，可以将它们制成致命而威力强大的武器。
Colds are considered incurable today because it would take months to come up with a vaccine for every new strain.
然而今天它仍被视为不能治愈的病症。这是因为每对付一种新的感冒病毒，往往需要几个月才能研制出相应的疫苗。
But colds mutate even while they 're infecting you, and new strains pop up so often that by the time drug makers create a vaccine against one variation, the serum is already out of date.
感冒则不一样。即使在侵袭你时，它自身也在不断变化着。新的种类层出不穷，以至于制药者刚造出某种类型感冒的疫苗，这疫苗就过了时。
Scientists at the University of Ghent, in Belgium, have a found a protein called M2 that seems to be present in every known flu strain.
比利时根特大学的科学工作者已发现一种叫 M2的蛋白质，它似乎出现在每一种已知的不同类型的流感中。
The leguminous plants—among them crop plants such as soybeans, peas, alfalfa, and clover—have solved the nitrogen supply problem by entering into a symbiotic relationship with the bacterial genus Rhizobium; as a matter of fact, there is a specific strain of Rhizobium for each species of legume.
豆科植物——它们中包括诸如大豆、豌豆、苜蓿、以及翘摇等作物——通过进入到与根瘤菌（Rhizobium）这种细菌种类的共生关系中，从而业已解决了氮把的供应问题；事实上，对于每一种豆科植物而言，均存在着一种特定的根瘤菌。
The classic formula for the piano rag disposes three to five themes in sixteen-bar strains, often organized with repeats.
钢琴散拍乐的经典程式采用三至五个主题，以十六小节的旋律予以表现，通常以重复的形式来组织。
The rag opens with a bright, memorable strain or theme, followed by a similar theme, leading to a trio of marked lyrical character, with the structure concluded by a lyrical strain that parallels the rhythmic developments of the earlier themes.
散拍乐以一鲜明、给人记忆深刻的旋律或主题宣告开始，继之以一个类似的主题，发展成为一个具有显著抒情色彩的三重奏曲（trio），整个结构以一段抒情性的旋律告终，该旋律可与此前几个主题的节奏表达发展相媲美。
Typically, each strain is divided into two 8-bar segments that are essentially alike, so the rhythmic-melodic unit of ragtime is only eight bars of 2/4 measure.
典型而言，每一旋律分成两个八小节的片断，它们根本上相同，因此散拍乐的节奏—旋律单位仅为2/4拍子的八个小节。
Humans have difficulty resisting colds because rhinoviruses are so diverse, including at least 100 strains.
人类难于抵制感冒，因为鼻病毒是如此多种多样，包括至少100种。
The strains differ most in the molecular structure of the proteins in their capsids.
各种鼻病毒之间差异最大的是其病毒壳体内的蛋白质分子结构。
Since disease-fighting antibodies bind to the capsid, an antibody developed to protect against one rhinovirus strain is useless against other strains.
既然抗击疾病的抗体是与病毒壳体相结合，则被发展用来抵御一种鼻病毒的抗体对于其它各类的鼻病毒便皆无用处。
Different antibodies must be produced for each strain.
针对每一种鼻病毒，必须制造出不同的抗体。
A defense against rhinoviruses might nonetheless succeed by exploiting hidden similarities among the rhinovirus strains.
虽然如此，通过利用各种鼻病毒之间隐藏着的共同点，针对鼻病毒的某种防御机制仍可获得成功。
For example, most rhinovirus strains bind to the same kind of molecule (delta-receptors) on a cell's surface when they attack human cells.
例如，绝大多数种类的鼻病毒，在它们侵害人体细胞时，都会与细胞表面的同一种分子（三角形受体，delta-receptor）相结合。
Rossman showed that protein sequences common to all rhinovirus strains lie at the base of a deep "canyon" scoring each face of the capsid.
罗斯曼证明，所有鼻病毒种类普遍共有的蛋白质序列位于某个深深的“峡谷”的底部，这一“峡谷”在每一个病毒壳体的表面划出长条切口。
By appropriate breeding, Watanabe obtained a strain of rabbits that had very high cholesterol levels.
通过恰当的繁殖，渡边君获得了一类拥有极高胆固醇含量的老鼠。
However, we have found that among many strains of rats these "normal" rules of transplantation are not obeyed by liver transplants.
但是，我们已经发现，在许多种老鼠之间，这些移植法的“常规”并没有被肝脏移植物所遵循。
Our hypothesis is that {1} many strains of rats simply cannot mount a sufficiently vigorous destructive immune-response (using lymphocytes) to outstrip the liver's relatively great capacity to protect itself from immune-response damage and that {2} the systemic unresponsiveness observed is due to concentration of the recipient's donor-specific lymphocytes at the site of the liver transplant.
我们的假设是：{1} 许多种老鼠纯粹就是无法（利用淋巴细胞）发起一场足够强功的摧毁性免疫应答（immune-response），以压倒肝脏相对较强的保护自身免遭免疫应答损害的能力；
{2} 所观察到的系统性无应答状态，是由于受移植者的供者特异性淋巴细胞集结在肝脏移植物所在的部位所致。
Delegates at a global conference on avian influenza have called for at least $100 million in new funding to fight the disease before it has a chance to mutate into a human strain. The call came as Vietnam reported two new possible cases of bird flu in humans.
参加禽流感国际会议的代表要求新增加至少一亿美元的资金，用来防止禽流感病毒变异成为人类病毒。与此同时，越南报告说，又发现两个禽流感疑似病例。
The message at the closing session of a global conference on bird flu was clear: if the world wants to stop the deadly H5N1 strain from turning into a disastrous human pandemic, it must act quickly to stop the virus in poultry.
这次会议结束时传达了一个明确的信息：如果国际社会希望防止致命的H5N1病毒变成灾难性的人类瘟疫，就必须迅速采取行动，在禽类中消灭这种病毒。
FAO official Samuel Jutzi stresses that H5N1 could turn into a virulent human strain at any time.
联合国粮农组织官员于茨强调说，H5N1病毒随时都可能转变成易传染的人体病毒。
Vietnam has suffered more H5N1 cases than any other country, with 13 people killed by the disease since December. A total of 45 people from Thailand, Vietnam and Cambodia have died from the H5N1 strain in little more than a year.
越南感染禽流感病毒的人数比其他任何国家都多，去年十二月以来，已经有十三人死于禽流感。在一年多一点的时间内，泰国、越南和柬埔寨共有45人死于H5N1病毒。
HS59114000
Straining cloth of a kind used in oil presses, etc
榨油机器或类似机器的滤布，包括人发制滤布
spsc-39121719
Strain reliefs
应变消除
spsc-41111605
Strain gauges
应变仪
K07.6
Temporomandibular joint disorders
Costen's complex or syndrome
Derangement of temporomandibular joint
Snapping jaw
Temporomandibular joint-pain-dysfunction syndrome
Excludes: current temporomandibular joint:
. dislocation (S03.0)
. strain (S03.4)
颞颚关节疾患
Costen 氏症候丛或症候群
颞颚关节之紊乱
颚跃
颞颚关节 － 疼痛 － 机能障碍症候群
不包含 ： 再发性颞颚关节 ：
． 脱臼 (S03.0)
． 拉伤 (S03.4)
M54.5
Low back pain
Loin pain
Low back strain
Lumbago NOS
Excludes: lumbago:
. due to intervertebral disc displacement (M51.2)
. with sciatica (M54.4)
下背痛
腰痛
下背肌拉伤
其他未明示的腰痛
不包含 ： 下列腰痛 ：
． 肇因於椎间盘移位者 (M51.2)
． 并坐骨神经痛 (M54.4)
M62.6
Muscle strain
Excludes: current injury-see injury of muscle by body region
肌肉拉伤
不包含 ： 最近的伤害 - 请参考身体部位之肌肉伤害
Dislocation, sprain and strain including:
avulsion—of joint (capsule) . ligament
laceration—of joint (capsule) . ligament
sprain—of joint (capsule) . ligament
strain—of joint (capsule) . ligament
traumatic: —of joint (capsule) . ligament
. haemarthrosis—of joint (capsule) . ligament
. rupture—of joint (capsule) . ligament
. subluxation—of joint (capsule) . ligament
. tear—of joint (capsule) . ligament
脱位 ， 扭伤和拉伤包含 ：
关节 （ 囊 ） 、韧带的 — 撕脱伤
关节 （ 囊 ） 、韧带的 — 裂伤
关节 （ 囊 ） 、韧带的 — 扭伤
关节 （ 囊 ） 、韧带的 — 拉伤
关节 （ 囊 ） 、韧带的 — 外伤性 ：
关节 （ 囊 ） 、韧带的 — ． 关节积血
关节 （ 囊 ） 、韧带的 — ． 破裂
关节 （ 囊 ） 、韧带的 — ． 松脱 ( 不完全脱位 )
关节 （ 囊 ） 、韧带的 — —． 撕开
S03
Dislocation, sprain and strain of joints and ligaments of head
头部的关节和韧带的脱位 ， 扭伤和拉伤
S03.4
Sprain and strain of jaw
Temporomandibular (joint)(ligament)
颔部的扭伤和拉伤
颞颔的 （ 关节 ） ( 韧带 ）
S03.5
Sprain and strain of joints and ligaments of other and unspecified parts
of head
头部的其他和未明示部分的关节和韧带的扭伤和拉
伤
S13
Dislocation, sprain and strain of joints and ligaments at neck level
Excludes: rupture or displacement (nontraumatic) of cervical intervertebral disc (M50.-)
颈部关节和韧带的脱位 ， 扭伤和拉伤
不包含 ： 颈部椎间盘的破裂或异位 （ 非外伤性 ）
(M50.-)
S13.4
Sprain and strain of cervical spine
Anterior longitudinal (ligament), cervical
Atlanto-axial (joints)
Atlanto-occipital (joints)
Whiplash injury
颈部脊柱的扭伤和拉伤
前纵行 （ 韧带 ） ， 颈椎部的
寰枢椎间 （ 关节 ）
寰椎枕骨间 （ 关节 ）
鞭索性摆动伤害
S13.5
Sprain and strain of thyroid region
Cricoarytenoid (joint)(ligament)
Cricothyroid (joint)(ligament)
Thyroid cartilage
甲状腺区域的扭伤和拉伤
环状与杓状软骨间 （ 关节 ） （ 韧带 ）
环状与甲状软骨间 （ 关节 ） （ 韧带 ）
甲状软骨
S13.6
Sprain and strain of joints and ligaments of other and unspecified parts
of neck
颈部的其他和未明示的部位的关节和韧带的扭伤和
拉伤
S23
Dislocation, sprain and strain of joints and ligaments of thorax
Excludes: dislocation, sprain and strain of sternoclavicular joint (S43.2, S43.6)
rupture or displacement (nontraumatic) of thoracic intervertebral disc (M51.-)
胸部区域的关节和韧带的脱位 ， 扭伤和拉伤
不包含 ： 胸锁骨间关节的脱位 ， 扭伤和拉伤 (S43.2, S43.6)
S23.3
Sprain and strain of thoracic spine
胸部脊柱的扭伤和拉伤
S23.4
Sprain and strain of ribs and sternum
肋骨和胸骨的扭伤和拉伤
S23.5
Sprain and strain of other and unspecified parts of thorax
胸部的其他和未明示部位的扭伤和拉伤
S33
Dislocation, sprain and strain of joints and ligaments of lumbar spine
and pelvis
Excludes: dislocation, sprain and strain of joint and ligaments of hip(S73.-)
obstetric damage to pelvic joints and ligaments (O71.6)
rupture or displacement (nontraumatic) of lumbar intervertebral disc (M51.-)
腰部脊柱和骨盆的关节和韧带的脱位 ， 扭伤和拉伤
不包含 ： 髋部的关节和韧带的脱位 ， 扭伤和拉伤
(S73.-)
产科方面对於骨盆的关节和韧带所造成的损伤 (O71.6)
腰部椎间盘的破裂或移位 （ 非外伤性 ） (M51.-)
S33.5
Sprain and strain of lumbar spine
腰部脊柱的扭伤和拉伤
S33.6
Sprain and strain of sacroiliac joint
荐骼骨间关节的扭伤和拉伤
S33.7
Sprain and strain of other and unspecified parts of lumbar spine and
pelvis
腰部脊柱和骨盆的其他和未明示部位的扭伤和拉伤
S43
Dislocation, sprain and strain of joints and ligaments of shoulder
girdle
肩带区关节和韧带的脱位 ， 扭伤和拉伤
S43.4
Sprain and strain of shoulder joint
Coracohumeral (ligament)
Rotator cuff (capsule)
肩关节的扭伤和拉伤
喙突与肱骨间的 （ 韧带 ）
旋转肌环 ( 包被 ）
S43.5
Sprain and strain of acromioclavicular joint
Acromioclavicular ligament
肩胛峰与锁骨间关节的扭伤和拉伤
肩胛峰与锁骨间的韧带
S43.6
Sprain and strain of sternoclavicular joint
胸胛与锁骨间关节的扭伤和拉伤
S43.7
Sprain and strain of other and unspecified parts of shoulder girdle
Sprain and strain of shoulder girdle NOS
肩带区的其他和未明示部分的扭伤和拉伤
肩带的扭伤和拉伤 ， 其他未明示者
S53
Dislocation, sprain and strain of joints and ligaments of elbow
肘部关节和韧带脱位 ， 扭伤及拉伤
S53.4
Sprain and strain of elbow
肘部扭伤和拉伤
S63
Dislocation, sprain and strain of joints and ligaments at wrist and hand
level
手腕和手部关节及韧带的脱位 ， 扭伤及拉伤
S63.5
Sprain and strain of wrist
Carpal (joint)
Radiocarpal (joint) (ligament)
手腕的扭伤和拉伤
腕骨关节部位
桡骨与腕关节韧带
S63.6
Sprain and strain of finger(s)
Interphalangeal (joint), hand
Metacarpophalangeal (joint)
Phalanx, hand
Thumb
手指扭伤和拉伤
手部指骨间关节
掌指骨间关节
手指指骨部位
拇指
S63.7
Sprain and strain of other and unspecified parts of hand
手部其他和未明示部位的扭伤和拉伤
S73
Dislocation, sprain and strain of joint and ligaments of hip
髋关节和韧带的脱位 ， 扭伤及拉伤
S73.1
Sprain and strain of hip
髋关节扭伤和拉伤
S83
Dislocation, sprain and strain of joints and ligaments of knee
Excludes: derangement of:
. knee, internal (M23.-)
. patella (M22.0-M22.3)
dislocation of knee:
. old (M24.3)
. pathological (M24.3)
. recurrent (M24.4)
膝关节和韧带脱位 ， 扭伤及拉伤
不包含 ： 结构异常涉及 ：
． 膝关节内部 (M23.-)
． 膑骨区 (M22.0-M22.3)
膝脱位 ：
． 陈旧性 (M24.3)
． 病理性 (M24.3)
． 再发性 (M24.4)
S83.4
Sprain and strain involving (fibular)(tibial) collateral ligament of
knee
胫骨或腓骨侧膝关节侧韧带扭伤和拉伤
S83.5
Sprain and strain involving (anterior)(posterior) cruciate ligament of
knee
前或後膝关节十字韧带扭伤和拉伤
S83.6
Sprain and strain of other and unspecified parts of knee
Patellar ligament
Tibiofibular joint and ligament, superior
膝部其他和未明示部位扭伤及拉伤
膑韧带
上胫腓关节和韧带
S93
Dislocation, sprainand strain of joints and ligaments at ankle and foot
level
踝部和足部关节及韧带脱位 ， 扭伤及拉伤
S93.4
Sprain and strain of ankle
Calcaneofibular (ligament)
Deltoid (ligament)
Internal collateral (ligament)
Talofibular (ligament)
Tibiofibular (ligament), distal
EXcludes: injury of Achilles tendon (S86.0)
踝部扭伤和拉伤
跟腓骨间 （ 韧带 ）
叁角状 （ 韧带 ）
内侧 （ 韧带 ）
距腓骨间的 （ 韧带 ）
远端胫腓骨间 （ 韧带 ）
不包含 ： 跟腱损伤 （S86.0）
S93.5
Sprain and strain of toe(s)
Interphalangeal (joint(s))
Metatarsophalangeal (joint(s))
趾扭伤和拉伤
趾骨间 （ 关节 ）
骨与趾骨间的 （ 关节 ）
T03
Dislocations, sprains and strains involving multiple body regions
多处身体部位脱臼、扭伤和拉伤
T03.0
Dislocations, sprains and strains involving head with neck
Dislocations, sprains and strains of sites classifiable to S03.- and S13.-
Excludes: when combined with dislocations, sprains and strains of other body region(s)
(T03.8)
头和颈脱臼、扭伤及拉伤
位置归类於 S03.- 和 S13.- 的脱臼、扭伤和拉伤
不包含 ： 当合并其他身体部位脱臼、扭伤和拉伤
(T03.8)
T03.1
Dislocations, sprains and strains involving thorax with lower back and
pelvis
Dislocations, sprains and strains of sites classifiable to S23.-, S33.-and T09.2
Excludes: when combined with dislocations, sprains and strains of other body region(s)
(T03.8)
胸合并下背和骨盆的脱臼、扭伤和拉伤
位置归类於 S23.- , S33.- 和 T09.2 的脱臼、扭伤和拉伤
不包含 ： 当合并其他身体部位脱臼、扭伤和拉伤
(T03.8)
T03.2
Dislocations, sprains and strains involving multiple regions of upper
limb(s)
Dislocations, sprains and strains of sites classifiable to S43.-, S53.-, S63.- and T11.2
Excludes: when combined with dislocations, sprains and strains of:
. lower limb(s) (T03.4)
. thorax, lower back and pelvis (T03.8)
上肢多处部位脱臼、扭伤和拉伤
位置归类於 S43.- , S53.- , S63.- 和 T11.2 的脱臼、扭伤和拉伤
不包含 ： 当合并下列脱臼、扭伤和拉伤 ：
． 下肢 (T03.4)
． 胸、下背和骨盆 (T03.8)
T03.3
Dislocations, sprains and strains involving multiple regions of lower
limb(s)
Dislocations, sprains and strains of sites classifiable to S73.-, S83.-, S93.- and Tl3.2
Excludes: when combined with dislocations, sprains and strains of:
. thorax, lower back and pelvis (T03.8)
. upper limb(s) (T03.4)
下肢多处部位脱臼、扭伤和拉伤
位置归类於 S73.- , S83.- , S93.- 和 T13.2 的脱臼、扭伤和拉伤
不包含 ： 当合并下列脱臼、扭伤和拉伤
． 胸、下背和骨盆 (T03.8)
． 上肢 (T03.4)
T03.4
Dislocations, sprains and strains involving multiple regions of upper
limb(s) with lower limb(s)
Excludes: when combined with dislocations, sprains and strains of thorax, lower back and
pelvis (T03.8)
上肢和下肢多处部位的脱臼、扭伤和拉伤
不包含 ： 当合并胸、下背和骨盆的脱臼、扭伤和拉
伤 (T03.8)
T03.8
Dislocations, sprains and strains involving other combinations of body
regions
身体部位其他合并脱臼、扭伤和拉伤
T03.9
Multiple dislocations, sprains and strains, unspecified
多处脱臼、扭伤和拉伤 ， 未明示者
T09.2
Dislocation, sprain and strain of unspecified joint and ligament of
trunk
躯干未明示关节和韧带之脱臼、扭伤和拉伤
T11.2
Dislocation, sprain and strain of unspecified joint and ligament of
upper limb, level unspecified
上肢未明示关节及韧带之脱臼、扭伤和拉伤 ， 未明
示程度
T13.2
Dislocation, sprain and strain of unspecified joint and ligament of
lower limb, level unspecified
下肢未明示关节及韧带之脱臼、扭伤和拉伤 ， 未明
示程度
T14.3
Dislocation, sprain and strain of unspecified body region
Avulsion of joint (capsule) . ligament NOS
Laceration of joint (capsule) . ligament NOS
Sprain of joint (capsule) . ligament NOS
Strain of joint (capsule) . ligament NOS
Traumatic: of joint (capsule) . ligament NOS
. haemarthrosis of joint (capsule) . ligament NOS
. rupture of joint (capsule) . ligament NOS
. subluxation of joint (capsule) . ligament NOS
. tear of joint (capsule) . ligament NOS
Excludes: multiple dislocations, sprains and strains NOS (T03.9)
未明示之身体部位之脱臼、扭伤、拉伤
撕开伤 — 其他未明示的关节、韧带
撕裂伤 — 其他未明示的关节、韧带
扭伤 — 其他未明示的关节、韧带
拉伤 — 其他未明示的关节、韧带
外伤的 ：— 其他未明示的关节、韧带
． 关节血肿 — 其他未明示的关节、韧带
． 破裂 — 其他未明示的关节、韧带
． 半脱位 — 其他未明示的关节、韧带
． 撕裂 — 其他未明示的关节、韧带
不包含 ： 其他未明示之多处脱臼、扭伤和拉伤 (T03.9)
T92.3
Sequelae of dislocation, sprain and strain of upper limb
Sequelae of injury classifiable to S43.-, S53.-, S63.- and T11.2
上肢脱臼、扭伤及拉伤之後遗症
归类於 S43 ， S53 ， S63 及 T11.2 损伤之後遗症
T93.3
Sequelae of dislocation, sprain and strain of lower limb
Sequelae of injury classifiable to S73.-, S83.-, S93.- and Tl3.2
下肢脱臼、扭伤及拉伤之後遗症
归类於 S73.- ， S83.- ， S93.- 及 T13.2 损伤之後遗症
Z56.6
Other physical and mental strain related to work
其他与工作有关的身体及精神疲劳
Z73.3
Stress, not elsewhere classified
Physical and mental strain NOS
Excludes: related to employment or unemployment (Z56.-)
他处未归类的压力
他处未明示的身心疲劳
不包含 ： 与就业及失业有关 (Z56.-)
光纤变形感测器 Fiber Optic Strain Sensors
光纤光栅应变感测器 Fiber Grating Strain Sensor
stress-strain diagram 应力—应变图
elastic strain energy 弹性应变能
strain 应变
strain gauge 应变计，应变规
stress-strain curve 应力—应变关系曲线
tensile strain 张应变，拉伸应变
Resistant strain 耐药菌株
Strain (1)菌株﹐(2)品系
Susceptible strain 易受感染菌株
attenuated strain 减毒株[一般指毒力减弱的致病微生物，常用于活疫苗生产]
avirulent strain 减毒株，无毒株
cell strain 细胞株[从原代培养或细胞系获得，具有特定性质或标志并在随后培养期间始终保持]
congenic strain 同类品系
inbred strain 近交品系
angle strain 角应变
axix of strain gauge 应变计[片]轴线
batch of strain gauge 应变计[片]批
honded strain gauge 粘贴式应变计
bulk type semiconductor strain gauge 体型半导体应变计
cyclic strain 循环应变
Carlson type strain gauge 卡尔逊应变计
composite-temperature-compensation strain gauge 组合温度补偿应变计
crack propagation strain gauge 裂纹扩展应变计
diaphragm strain gauge 膜片式应变计
diffused type semiconductor strain gauge 扩散型半导体应变计
digital strain indicator 数字应变仪
dynamic standard strain device 动态标准应变装置
dynamic strain 动应变
dynamic strain indicator 动态应变仪
electric measurement technique of strain gauge 应变计电测技术
embedded strain gauge 埋入式应变计
false strain 虚假应变
fatigue strain gauge 疲劳应变计
foil strain gauge 箔式应变计
general purpose strain gauge 常温应变计
high dynamic strain indicator 超动态应变仪
high elongation strain gauge 大应变应变计
high temperature strain gauge 高温应变计
impregnated base strain gauge 浸胶基应变计
indeicated strain 指示应变
line strain 线应变
low temperature strain gauge 低温应变计
maximum strain 最大应变
mean strain 平均应变
mechanical strain 机械应变
medium temperature strain gauge 中温应变计（片）
minimum strain 最小应变
model of strain gauge 应变计[片]型式
multi-axial strain gauge 多轴应变计
negative strain 负应变
non-magnetic strain gauge 抗磁性应变计
normal temperature strain gauge 常温应变计
paper based strain gauge 纸基应变计
positive strain 正应变
range of strain 应变范围
reading strain 应变读数
real strain 真实应变
resistance strain gauge 电阻应变计[片]
(resistance)strain gauge drawing force and compression force transducer （电阻）应变式拉压力传感器
(resistance) strain gauge drawing force transducer （电阻）应变式拉力传感器
(resistance) strain gauge force transducer （电阻）应变式力传感器
(resistance)strain gauge load cell （电阻）应变式称重传感器
(resistance)strain gauge rolling force measuring instrument （电阻）应变式轧制力测量仪
(resistance)strain gauge tensiometer resolution （电阻）应变式张力计分辩力
resolution of strain instrument 应变仪分辨率
self-temperturecompensated strain gauge 温度自补偿应变计
semiconductor strain gauge 半导体应变计
shearing strain 剪应变
shielded strain gauge 屏蔽式应变计
simulating strain 模拟应变
simulating strain device 模拟应变装置
static-dynamic strain indicator 静动态应变仪
static standard strain device 静态标准应变装置
static strain 静应变
statical strain indicator 静态应变仪
strain 应变
strain amplifier 应变放大器
strain amplitude 应变幅
strain anemometer 张力式风速表
strain effect 应变效应
strain field 应变场
strain gauge 应变片（计）
strain gauge acceleration transducer 应变式加速度传感器
strain-gauge bridge sensitivity 应变电桥灵敏度
strain gauge creep 应变计[片]蠕变
strain gauge drift 应变计[片]漂移
strain gauge installed by spraying process 喷涂式应变计
strain gauge pressure transducer 应变（计）式压力传感器
strain-gauge sensitivity 应变计[片]电路灵敏度
strain gauge ropque measuring instrument 应变式转矩测量仪
strain gauge torque transducer 应变式转矩传感器
strain gauge transducer [sensor] 应变（计）式传感器
strain gauge typy wave direction meter 应变计式波向仪
strain gauge with base of impregnated type 浸胶基应变计
strain gauge with metal base 金属基底应变计
strain gauge with meal foil base 金属基应变计
strain gauge with organic film base 胶膜基应变计
strain gauge with temporary base 临时基底型应变计
strain indicator 应变仪
strain limit 应变极限
strain phase error 应变相位差
strain-resistance effect 应变—电阻效应
strain rosette 应变花
strain wine speed sensor 张力风速传感器
stress-strain guage 应力应变计
telemetry strain indicator 遥测应变仪
temporary base strain gauge 临时基底应变计
thermal strain 热应变
thin film strain gauge 薄膜式应变计
time constant of strain instruments 应变仪时间常数
torsional shear strain 扭应变
type of strain gauge 应变计（片）型式
unbonded strain gauge 非粘贴式应变计
uniaxial strain gauge 单轴应变计
waterproof type strain gauge 防水应变计
weldable strain gauge 焊接式应变计
wire strain gauge 丝式应变计
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