spell [ spel] vt.拼写 vi.拼字
spelling [ 'speliŋ] n.拼字，拼法，拼写法
spell [spel] vt. 拼写, 拼成, 意味着
spell [ spel] n．连续的一段时间，一阵子
spell [spel] v.拼写
spelling ['speliŋ] 拼写
倒春寒 unusually cold spell in an otherwise warm early spring
spell out sth 讲清楚
The dry spell is becoming more and more severe.
旱灾日益严重。
It is possible to make rules about English spelling, but there are so many exceptions that the rules are not always helpful.
对于英语的拼法是可以列出规律来的，但存在着许许多多不合规律的例外情况。
She has always been an advocate of changes to English spelling, to make it easier to learn.
她一贯主张对英语的拼写进行改革，使之更易于学习。
Your bad spelling may prejudice (harm) your chances of getting the job.
你糟糕的拼写可能会使你丧失获得这个工作的机会。
There are many spelling mistakes; even so, it’s quite a good essay.
虽然有很多拼写错误，但它仍不失为一篇相当不错的文章。
How do you spell it?
怎么拼？
The problem is, how to encourage a child to express himself freely and confidently in writing without holding him back with the complexities of spelling?
问题是，怎样鼓励一个孩子在写作时自由自信的表达自己，而不被拼写的复杂所捆绕。
The Americans spell some words differently from the British.
美国人拼写某些单词不同于英国人。
您的名字怎么拼?
How do you spell your name?
Could you spell your name, please?
Would you please spell your name?
Could you spell that? (您能拼一下您的名字吗?)
Will you please spell his name for me?
请你把他的名字拼给我好吗？
How do you spell your last name?
你的姓是怎样拼写的？
@@@ 解释, 说明
account for 1.解释, 说明
2.(在数量、比例方面)占
clear up 1.(天气)变晴, 天空晴朗
2.说明, 澄清
defined as 被解释为, 被定义为
dramatized by 通过...得到形象的说明
explain to 向...解释
read sth. into sth. 将本来没有的意思加进去解释, 自以为有某种含义
shed light on 说明; 解释
spell out 讲清楚; 清楚地解释
throw light on sth. 解释, 阐明, 使某人明白
out : 大声（in a loud voice, aloud）
sing out
cry out
shout out
call out ，喊，申斥
spell out
speak out
scream out
read out
yell out
sob out
burst out 咆哮
spell out sth 讲清楚
- start from scratch 从零开始，白手起家
There are so many spelling mistakes. I have to write it again from scratch.
A: Hello. Can you tell me if there is a fax for me? My name’s Clark, Paul Clark.
A: 你好！请问有我的传真吗？我的名字叫克拉克，保罗?克拉克。
B: How do you spell that?
B: 怎么拼写？
A: C L A R K.
A: C L A R K.
B: Sorry. Could you repeat that?
B: 对不起，您能重复一下吗？
A: C L A R K.
A: C L A R K.
B: Just let me check . . . Yes. Here it is, Mr. Clark.
B: 让我查一下…有。在这，克拉克先生。
A: Thank you very much.
A: 非常感谢。
B: You’re welcome.
B: 不用客气。
To ask someone how something is spelt, you can say: How do you spell that? / How do you spell that?
要问某人如何拼写，你可以说：How do you spell that? / 怎么拼写?
顿 [dùn] /a time/jerk/stop/meal/bout/spell/(measure for beating)/
反切 [fǎn qiè] /traditional Chinese spelling system in which two characters are used, the first one for the onset, the second one for rime and tone/
拼 [pīn] /piece together/stake (all)/spell/join together/
拼字 [pīn zì] /spelling/
斯佩林 [sī pèi lín] /Spelling (e.g. Spelling Entertainment Group)/
阵 [zhèn] /disposition of troops/short period/wave/spate/burst/spell/
Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries.
虽然一开始在20世纪60年代和70年代有过一段乐观的时期——那时候仿佛晶体管电路和微处理器的发展将使他们在2010年能够模仿人类大脑的活动——但是最近研究人员已经开始将这个预测延后数十年，甚至数百年。
Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.
遗憾的是，这次新闻机构可信度调查计划结果只获得了一些肤浅的发现，诸如新闻报道中的事实错误，拼写或语法错误，和这些低层次发现交织在一起的还有许多令人挠头的困惑，譬如读者到底想读些什么。
{adj: bewitched, ensorcelled} under a spell
{adj: bewitching, captivating, enchanting, enthralling, entrancing, fascinating} capturing interest as if by a spell
"bewitching smile"
"Roosevelt was a captivating speaker"
"enchanting music"
"an enthralling book"
"antique papers of entrancing design"
"a fascinating woman"
{adj: bizarre, eccentric, freakish, freaky, flaky, flakey, gonzo, off-the-wall, outlandish, outre} conspicuously or grossly unconventional or unusual
"restaurants of bizarre design--one like a hat, another like a rabbit"
"famed for his eccentric spelling"
"a freakish combination of styles"
"his off-the-wall antics"
"the outlandish clothes of teenagers"
"outre and affected stage antics"
{adj: charming, magic, magical, sorcerous, witching, wizard, wizardly} possessing or using or characteristic of or appropriate to supernatural powers
"charming incantations"
"magic signs that protect against adverse influence"
"a magical spell"
"'tis now the very witching time of night"- Shakespeare
"wizard wands"
"wizardly powers"
{adj: dizzy, giddy, woozy, vertiginous} having or causing a whirling sensation; liable to falling
"had a dizzy spell"
"a dizzy pinnacle"
"had a headache and felt giddy"
"a giddy precipice"
"feeling woozy from the blow on his head"
"a vertiginous climb up the face of the cliff"
{adj: fascinated, hypnotized, hypnotised, mesmerized, mesmerised, spellbound, spell-bound, transfixed} having your attention fixated as though by a spell
{adj: fitful, spasmodic} occurring in spells and often abruptly
"fitful bursts of energy"
"spasmodic rifle fire"
{adj: haphazard, slapdash, slipshod, sloppy} marked by great carelessness
"a most haphazard system of record keeping"
"slapdash work"
"slipshod spelling"
"sloppy workmanship"
{adj: hypnotic, mesmeric, mesmerizing, spellbinding} attracting and holding interest as if by a spell
"read the bedtime story in a hypnotic voice"
"she had a warm mesmeric charm"
"the sheer force of his presence was mesmerizing"
"a spellbinding description of life in ancient Rome"
{adj: misplaced} put in the wrong place or position
"She was penalized for a spelling mistake or a misplaced accent"
{adj: sizzling} hot enough to burn with or as if with a hissing sound
"a sizzling steak"
"a sizzling spell of weather"
{adj: variant} differing from a norm or standard
"a variant spelling"
{adj: weak} deficient or lacking in some skill
"he's weak in spelling"
{adv: elaborately, intricately, in an elaborate way} with elaboration
"it was elaborately spelled out"
{adv: particularly, peculiarly, especially, specially} to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common
"he was particularly fussy about spelling"
"a particularly gruesome attack"
"under peculiarly tragic circumstances"
"an especially (or specially) cautious approach to the danger"
{adv: recently, late, lately, of late, latterly} in the recent past
"he was in Paris recently"
"lately the rules have been enforced"
"as late as yesterday she was fine"
"feeling better of late"
"the spelling was first affected, but latterly the meaning also"
{n: Ouija, Ouija board} a board with the alphabet on it; used with a planchette to spell out supernatural messages
{n: Sleeping Beauty} fairy story: princess under an evil spell who could be awakened only by a prince's kiss
{n: Ulysses} (Roman mythology) Roman spelling for Odysseus
{n: anagram} a word or phrase spelled by rearranging the letters of another word or phrase
{n: breath, breather, breathing place, breathing space, breathing spell, breathing time} a short respite
{n: cold spell, cold snap} a spell of cold weather
{n: confession} a document that spells out the belief system of a given church (especially the Reformation churches of the 16th century)
{n: enchantment, bewitchment} a magical spell
{n: enchantment, spell, trance} a psychological state induced by (or as if induced by) a magical incantation
{n: evocation, summoning} calling up supposed supernatural forces by spells and incantations
{n: finger spelling, fingerspelling} an alphabet of manual signs
{n: go, spell, tour, turn} a time for working (after which you will be relieved by someone else)
"it's my go"
"a spell of work"
{n: heteronym} two words are heteronyms if they are spelled the same way but differ in pronunciation (e.g. `bow')
{n: hex, jinx, curse, whammy} an evil spell
"a witch put a curse on his whole family"
"he put the whammy on me"
{n: homograph} two words are homographs if they are spelled the same way but differ in meaning (e.g. fair)
{n: homonymy} the relation between two words that are spelled the same way but differ in meaning or the relation between two words that are pronounced the same way but differ in meaning
{n: homonym} two words are homonyms if they are pronounced or spelled the same way but have different meanings
{n: homophone} two words are homophones if they are pronounced the same way but differ in meaning or spelling or both (e.g. bare and bear)
{n: hot spell} a spell of hot weather
{n: misspelling} a spelling that is incorrect
{n: mojo} a magic power or magic spell
{n: orthoepist} a practitioner of orthoepy (especially one of the 17th or 18th century scholars who proposed to reform English spelling so it would reflect pronunciation more closely)
{n: planchette} a triangular board supported on casters; when lightly touched with the fingertips it is supposed to spell out supernatural (or unconscious) messages
{n: sinking spell} a temporary decline in health or value
{n: snap} a spell of cold weather
"a cold snap in the middle of May"
{n: sorcery, black magic, black art, necromancy} the belief in magical spells that harness occult forces or evil spirits to produce unnatural effects in the world
{n: spell, magic spell, magical spell, charm} a verbal formula believed to have magical force
"he whispered a spell as he moved his hands"
"inscribed around its base is a charm in Balinese"
{n: spell-checker, spelling checker} an electronic dictionary in a word processor that can be used to catch misspelled words
{n: speller, good speller, poor speller} someone who spells words
{n: speller} an introductory textbook to teach spelling
{n: spelling bee, spelldown, spelling contest} a contest in which you are eliminated if you fail to spell a word correctly
{n: spelling} forming words with letters according to the principles underlying accepted usage
{n: style} editorial directions to be followed in spelling and punctuation and capitalization and typographical display
{n: while, piece, spell, patch} a period of indeterminate length (usually short) marked by some action or condition
"he was here for a little while"
"I need to rest for a piece"
"a spell of good weather"
"a patch of bad weather"
{v: announce} give the names of
"He announced the winners of the spelling bee"
{v: charm, becharm} control by magic spells, as by practicing witchcraft
{v: check} verify by consulting a source or authority
"check the spelling of this word"
"check your facts"
{v: cheer, cheer up, jolly along, jolly up} cause (somebody) to feel happier or more cheerful
"She tried to cheer up the disappointed child when he failed to win the spelling bee"
{v: drink in, drink} be fascinated or spell-bound by ; pay close attention to
"The mother drinks in every word of her son on the stage"
{v: fingerspell, finger-spell} communicate by means of specific gestures, as an alternative to Sign Language
"The Deaf often fingerspell"
{v: hex, bewitch, glamour, witch, enchant, jinx} cast a spell over someone or something ; put a hex on someone or something
{v: misspell} spell incorrectly
{v: normalize, normalise, renormalize, renormalise} make normal or cause to conform to a norm or standard
"normalize relations with China"
"normalize the temperature"
"normalize the spelling"
{v: project, cast, contrive, throw} put or send forth
"She threw the flashlight beam into the corner"
"The setting sun threw long shadows"
"cast a spell"
"cast a warm light"
{v: spell out} make explicit ; specify in detail
"You shuld spell out your demands"
{v: spell out} read with difficulty
{v: spell, import} indicate or signify
"I'm afraid this spells trouble!"
{v: spell, write} write or name the letters that comprise the conventionally accepted form of (a word or part of a word)
"He spelled the word wrong in this letter"
{v: spell} place under a spell
<-> unspell
{v: spell} recite the letters of or give the spelling of
"How do you spell this word?"
{v: unspell} release from a spell
<-> spell
Yet we need only hear a few bars of this beautiful, truncated swansong to forget legend and come once again under its spell.
只需听几小节，你就会忘掉那些故事，再次被这部美妙的绝唱所征服。
Working with emotionally disturbed children, Sonya Carr of Southeastern Louisiana University and Rebecca Punzo, a New Orleans teacher reported that self-monitoring improves academic performance in reading, mathematics and spelling.
东南路易斯安那大学的索尼亚·卡尔和新奥尔良教师丽贝卡·庞佐在研究过情绪失常儿童后发表报告称，自我监督能改善这些孩子在阅读、数学和拼写方面的学习表现。
But Leo( 7) says, " If falling in love is anything like learning to spell, I don't want to do it, it takes too long. "
但七岁的利奥说： "如果恋爱和学习拼单词一样的话，我可不愿意干，这需要太长时间了。 "
Julian's headmaster, Alan Clark suggested a spelling bee.
朱利安的校长艾伦·克拉克建议用拼字游戏。
Students seized on the ideal knocking on doors, throughout Eastbourne after school in search of sponsors to pledge a small sum for each word the pupils could spell correctly.
学生们立即采用这个好主意，放学后在伊斯特本挨家挨户敲门寻找赞助人保证为小学生能准确拼读出的每一个单词出一笔小小的费用。
I watched from the darkness, not wanting to break the spell, then crept back to my room.
我在黑暗中静静地看着，不想惊扰这美好的时刻，然后蹑手蹑脚地返回自己的房间。
A brief spell at Yale improves his manners but also teaches him to drink and gamble.
他在耶鲁大学度过了短短一段时光，言行举止虽有些长进，但同时也学会了酗酒与赌博。
Hand Book Back in the 1980s, before the world was turned on to word-processor spell checkers, the Franklin company offered the Spelling Ace.
手书在二十世纪八十年代的时候，当时世界上还没有采用文字处理拼写检查软件，富兰克林公司推出了拼写王。
But it took the Palm explosion to spell out the obvious: why not combine the tools into one simple device?
但是当 Palm 公司的掌上电脑风靡起来时，富兰克林公司恍然意识到：为什么不把这些系列工具集纳成一种装置呢？
This approach succeeds partly because he knows when to stop, mostly because the energy and conviction he and his cast bring to this movie do not permit second thoughts at least until you are outside the theater trying to shake off this film's mysterious spell.
这手法取得了巨大成功，一定程度上归功于导演掌握分寸得当，但主要还是因为他和他的剧组带给该片的活力和信念让观众没时间有其它考虑至少在你走出影院但仍努力摆脱影片神秘的魔力之前还没有。
The Cup spells money - from increased tourism, to international TV rights, to added profits for sponsors.
这项杯赛是一棵摇钱树──从旅游人数的骤增，国际电视转播权的出售，到赞助商获得的额外收益不一而足。
Ambassador Munir Akram of Pakistan, which opposes India's candidacy, argues that pushing for an early vote on the G-four plan could spell disaster for the wider cause of U.N. reform.
巴基斯坦反对印度成为安理会常任理事国。巴基斯坦驻联合国大使阿克拉姆说，推动四国提案及早付诸表决，会给联合国更为广泛的改革带来灾难。
spsc-43232503
Spell checkers
拼写检查软件
spsc-60102002
Spelling resource materials
拼写参考材料
F80
Specific developmental disorders of speech and language
Disorders in which normal patterns of language acquisition are disturbed from the early
stages of development. The conditions are not directly attributable to neurological or
speech mechanism abnormalities, sensory impairments, mental retardation, or environmental
factors. Specific developmental disorders of speech and language are often followed by
associated problems, such as difficulties in reading and spelling, abnor malities in
interpersonal relationships, and emotional and behavioural disorders .
特定语言发展障碍症
此类障碍症自早年发展阶段开始其正常语言能力的
获得即有缺损。这种情况并非直接归因於神经功能
或语言机转异常、感觉缺损、智能不足或环境因素
。患有特定语言发展障碍症的儿童 ， 语言发展迟滞
常伴随有阅读及拼音困难、人际关系异常、及情绪
与行为障碍。
F81.0
Specific reading disorder
The main feature is a specific and significant impairment in the development of reading
skills that is not solely accounted for by mental age, visual acuity problems, or
inadequate schooling. Reading comprehension skill, reading word recognition, oral reading
skill, and performance of tasks requiring reading may all be affected. Spelling
difficulties are frequently associated with specific reading disorder and often remain
into adolescence even after some progress in reading has been made. Specific developmental
disorders of reading are commonly preceded by a history of disorders in speech or language
development. Associated emotional and behavioural disturbances are common during the
school age period.
"Backward reading"
Developmental dyslexia
Specific reading retardation
Excludes: alexia NOS (R48.0)
dyslexia NOS (R48.0)
reading difficulties secondary to emotional disorders (F93.-)
特定阅读障碍症
最主要的特徵为在阅读技巧的发展上有特定显着的
障碍 ， 无法完全以心智年龄、视力问题或就学不当
来解释。阅读理解技巧、阅读认字、口头阅读技巧
及需要阅读的技能都可能受到影响。拼音困难常伴
随特定阅读障碍出现 ， 而且经常到了青少年期即使
阅读能力有所进步时 ， 仍有持续存在有拼音困难。
特定阅读发展障碍症常有早期语言发展障碍症的病
史。学龄期常合并情绪或行为困扰。
＂ 阅读落後 ″
发展性读字困难症
特定阅读迟滞 ：
不包含 ：
後天性读字困难症 ， 其他未明示者 (R48.0)
续发於情绪困扰的後天性阅读困难 (F93.-)
F81.1
Specific spelling disorder
The main feature is a specific and significant impairment in the development of spelling
skills in the absence of a history of specific reading disorder, which is not solely
accounted for by low mental age, visual acuity problems, or inadequate schooling. The
ability to spell orally and to write out words correctly are both affected.
Specific spelling retardation (without reading disorder)
Excludes: agraphia NOS (R48.8)
spelling difficulties:
. associated with a reading disorder (F81.0)
. due to inadequate teaching (Z55.8)
特定拼音障碍症
这种障碍症的主要特徵为没有特定阅读障碍症之病
史 ， 同时有无法完全以心智年龄偏低 ， 视力问题或
就学不当来解释的一种特定且显着的拼音技巧发展
障碍。用口语拼字或用文字拼字能力都受到影响。
特定拼音迟滞 （ 无阅读障碍 ）
不包含 ： 其他未明示的拼音障碍症 (R48.8)
拼音因难 ：
． 合并阅读障碍症的拼音困难 (F81.0)
． 主要由於教学不当导致的拼音困难 (Z55.8)
F81.2
Specific disorder of arithmetical skills
Involves a specific impairment in arithmetical skills that is not solely explicable on the
basis of general mental retardation or of inadequate schooling. The deficit concerns
mastery of basic computational skills of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and
division rather than of the more abstract mathematical skills involved in algebra,
trigonometry, geometry, or calculus.
Developmental:
. acalculia
arithmetical disorder
. Gerstmann's syndrome
Excludes: acalculia NOS (R48.8)
arithmetical difficulties:
. associated with a reading or spelling disorder (F81.3)
. due to inadequate teaching (Z55.8)
特定算术障碍症
这种障碍症是一无法完全一般智能不足或明显的教
学不当来解释的特定算术技巧障碍。这种障碍与基
本加、减、乘、除运算技巧的能力有关而与较抽象
的数学技巧如 ： 代数学 ， 叁角学 ， 几何学或微积分
学则较不相关。
． 发展性计算不能症
算术发展障碍症
． 发展性杰氏徵候群
不包含 ： 其他未明示的算术障碍症 (R48.8)
算术困难 ：
． 并有阅读或拼音障碍症的算术困难 (F81.3)
． 教学不当所致的算术困难 (Z55.8)
F81.3
Mixed disorder of scholastic skills
An ill-defined residual category of disorders in which both arithmetical and reading or
spelling skills are significantly impaired, but in which disorder is not solely explicable
in terms of general mental retardation or of inadequate schooling. It should be used for
disorders meeting the criteria for both F81.2 and either F81.0 or F81.1.
Excludes: specific:
. reading disorder (F81.0)
. spelling disorder (F81.1)
. disorder of arithmetical skills (F81.2)
Developmental expressive writing disorder
混合性学业技巧障碍症
这类障碍症为定义不明 ， 未适当概念化 （ 但为必要
的 ） 之剩馀分类 ， 其算术能力及阅读或拼音技巧均
有明显缺陷 ， 但其因无法完全以一般性智能不足或
教学不当来解释。此诊断当用在同时符合 F81.2 及 F81.0
或 F81.1 两者之一时的诊断标准的障碍症。
不包含 ：
． 特定阅读障碍症 (F81.0）
． 特定拼音障碍症 (F81.1)
． 特定算术技巧障碍症 (F81.2)
F98
Other behavioural and emotional disorders with onset usually occurring
in childhood and adolescence
A heterogeneous group of disorders that share the characteristic of an onset in childhood
but otherwise differ in many respects. Some of the conditions represent well-defined
syndromes but others are no more than symptom complexes that need inclusion because of
their frequency and association with psychosocial problems, and because they cannot be
incorporated into other syndromes.
Excludes: breath-holding spells (R06.8)
gender identity disorder of childhood (F64.2)
Kleine-Levin syndrome (G47.8)
obsessive-compulsive disorder (F42.-)
sleep disorders due to emotional causes (F51.-)
发生於儿童期或少年期之其他行为与情绪障碍症
不包含 ： 闭气发作 (R06.8)
儿童期性别认同障碍症 (F64.2)
克莱 － 雷温徵候群 （ 多睡及多食症 ） (G47.8)
强迫症 (F42.-)
睡眠障碍症 (F51.-)
R06.8
Other and unspecified abnormalities of breathing
Apnoea NOS
Breath-holding (spells)
Choking sensation
Sighing
Excludes: apnoea(of):
．newborn (P28.4)
．sleep (G47.3)
．newborn (primary)(P28.3)
其他及未明示之呼吸异常
其他未明示的不呼吸
短暂性呼吸停止
哽塞感
叹息
不包含 ： 下列各式不呼吸 ：
． 新生儿 （P28.4）
． 睡眠 （G47.3）
． 新生儿 ( 原发性 ) （P28.3)
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