require [ ri'kwaiə] vt.需要；要求，命令
require [ri'kwaiə] vt. 需求;要求
require [ri'kwaiə] 需求
required 必需
Core Curriculum（核心课程、基础课程）：高等院校设置一批各种主题领域的本科课程，作
为攻读某一学位学生必修的课程，也称"Required Courses"（必修课程）。
Course（课程）：按预定计划进行的课堂教学，在一个学期中每周安排一至五课时（也可能
是五小时以上）。一项授给学位的课程总是由特定数目的必修课程（Required Courses）和
选修课程（elective courses）组成，各校的规定各不相同。学校开设的课程通常都有指定的
名称和代号（如数学101），以示区分。
Required Courses（必修课程）：学生为获得特定学位所必须学习并取得合格成绩的课程。
The law requires you wear a seatbelt 法规要求系安全带。
You will be required to leave a deposit when you pick up the car.取车时需交押金。
All tours require advance booking. 旅游需要提前定票。
必修课 required/compulsory course
Core Curriculum（核心课程、基础课程）：高等院校设置一批各种主题领域的本科课程，作为攻读某一学位学生必修的课程，也称“Required Courses”（必修课程）。
Course（课程）：按预定计划进行的课堂教学，在一个学期中每周安排一至五课时（也可能是五小时以上）。一项授给学位的课程总是由特定数目的必修课程（Required Courses）和选修课程（elective courses）组成，各校的规定各不相同。学校开设的课程通常都有指定的名称和代号（如数学101），以示区分。
Required Courses（必修课程）：学生为获得特定学位所必须学习并取得合格成绩的课程。
更改处应加盖印章 alterations require initials
action required
公事待办；待办公事
PAD(Paint As Required) 按需涂漆
legally required audit 法定审计
majority required 规定多数
Required 要求的
required rate of return 要求的回报率
required reserve 规定的准备金
Anybody can sympathize with the sufferings of a friend, but it requires a very fine nature to sympathize with a friend's success.
人人都能同情朋友的痛苦，然而共享朋友的成功需要非常优良的品性。
Freedom is a way of life which requires authority, discipline, and government of its own kind.
自由是一种生活方式，它需要权威、纪律，以及具有自由本身性质的统治。
The company required its clients to pay their bills in advance.
这家公司要求顾客预先支付费用。
They were required to take part in the literacy movement.
他们被要求参加识字运动。
Considerable experience is required to become a general in the army.
要成为一名将军，需要相当的经验。
They hope to reinforce their idea that online learning is not easier than learning in regular classrooms. In fact, many students say it requires much more time and effort.
他们希望强调他们的观点，即网上学习不比课堂学习容易。事实上，许多学生说它需要花更多的时间和力气。
Military training is required for every student.
每一位学生都要军训。
A large company usually requires the employment of many people.
大公司通常要雇用很多人。
The examination of statistics requires knowledge of mathematics.
数据分析需要数学知识。
Your performance in the exam did not reach the required standard — in other words, you failed.
你的考试成绩没有达到规定标准——换句话说，你不及格。
I was required to submit an essay to my teacher this May.
要求我在五月份交一篇文章给老师。
The nuclear industry was required to prove that every operational and safety aspect had been fully researched.
核工业被要求证实，所有操作及安全方面的事宜都已经彻底检查过了。
May I know the quantity you require? 请问你们需要多少数量的货物?
Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.
只要可能，在下午做那些程序化的工作，把需要更多能量的工作留到你效率最好的时候去做。
Even the doctoral degree, long recognized as a required “ union card” in the academic world, has come under severe criticism as the pursuit of learning for its own sake and the accumulation of knowledge without immediate application to a professor’s classroom duties.
即使是学术界被长时间认作必须“同盟卡”的博士学位，现在也因为仅仅为了学习本身和知识的累积而学习，却不把知识应用到教授的教学职责中去而受到了严厉的批评。
This patient requires intensive care.
该病人需要加强护理。
The machinery requires constant maintenance.
这些机器需要经常保养维修。
The wall requires a new coat of paint.
这墙需要再涂一层新油漆。
The floor requires washing.
这地板该洗了。
All passengers are required to show their tickets.
所有乘客都必须出示车票。
We should require a survey report, so that we may know the extent of the damage.
我们将要求出具检验报告，以便我们能了解损坏的程度。
Thank you for your inquiry. Please tell us the quantity you require so that we can work out the offers.
感谢贵方询价。请告诉我们贵方所需数量以便我方报价。
Would you please give us a rough idea of the quantity you require?
请告知你方大概要订多少？
I am pleased to say that we will be able to deliver the transport facilities you require.
很高兴告诉您你方要求的运输设备我方可以发货。
Different articles require different forms of packing.
不同商品需要不同的包装。
Great designs require great consideration.
宏伟的计划须要慎重考虑。
To preserve a friend three things are required: to honour him present, praise him absent, and assist him in his necessities.
维持友谊需要三点∶当面尊重他，背后赞扬他，需要时帮助他。
When society requires to be rebuilt, there is no use attempting to rebuild it on the old plan.
John Stuart Mill, BAritish economist
当社会需要重建时，试图墨守旧的蓝图重建它是徒劳无益的。
英国经济学家穆勒.J.S.
When society requires to be rebuilt, there is no use attempting to rebuild it on the old plan.
John Stuart Mill, BAritish economist
当社会需要重建时，试图墨守旧的蓝图重建它是徒劳无益的。
英国经济学家穆勒.J.S.
@@@ 必须
attendance required 要求参加, 必须参加
be a must 必须做的事
be bound to do sth. 一定会..., 必然...
bread and butter 生活必需品; 衣、食和住, 生计
have got to 必须, 不得不
if necessary 如果必要的话
indispensable for/to 对...绝对必要的
make a point of doing sth. 认为某事重要; 认为某事完全有必要; 一定要做某事
no doubt 无疑地, 必定
order of the day 某一时间内必须做或通常做的事
prerequisite for ...是必须的, ...是先决条件
see to it that... 一定注意到...; 务必
vital to 对...(的存在、成功或运作)极重要的, 必不可少的
@@@ 参加, 从事
attendance required 要求参加, 必须参加
carry on (with sth.) 1.继续
2.经营; 从事
drop out (of) 1.(从活动竞赛等中)退出, 停止参加
2.辍学, 退学
engage in 从事, 参加; 使从事于, 使忙于
enroll in 参加; 注册
enter into 1.进入; 参加; 成为...的一部分
2.载入史册
get in on 参加(活动), 加入
get involved 参与, 卷入; 感兴趣
go about 着手做; 从事
go in for 从事; 参加
involve in sth./doing sth. 包括, 包含; 参与
join in 参加, 加入
participate in 参加, 参与
share in sth. 分享, 分摊(某物); 参与
take part in sth. 参加..., 参与...
try out for (为获得球队或演出的一个角色职位等)参加选拔
take up 1.开始从事
2.提出
3.接纳, 吸收
well attended 参加的人多
@@@ 要求, 请求
ask for 要, 要求; 找
at one's request & at the request of 在...的要求之下, 应...的要求
attendance required 要求参加, 必须参加
be hard on 对...要求严厉
beg A for B 向A恳求得到B
by request 应邀, 应...的请求
call for 需要; 要求
call on/uponsb. to do sth. 邀请或要求某人做某事
change for 收费, 要价
excuse from 请求免除; 得到解脱
fall back on 依赖, 依靠; 求助于
fit the bill 符合要求, 适合要求
go after 追求; 争取
hunger for 渴望, 渴求
insist on/upon 坚持, 坚决要求
lay claim to 声称/要求...是自己的; 争...的所有权
make demands of/on 对...提出要求; 有求于...
meet demands (of) 满足要求
push for 急切要求; 力图得到
put forward 提出(要求、事实等)
satisfy one's needs & satisfy the need of 满足...要求
As I've said, we require payment by L/C.
我已经说过了，我们要求以信用证付款。
We always require L/C for our exports.
我们出口一向要求以信用证付款。
For payment we require 100% value, irrevocable L/C in our favour with partial shipment allowed clause available by draft at sight.
我们要求用不可撤消的、允许分批装运、金额为全部货款、并以我方为抬头人的信用证，凭即期汇票支付。
The order No. 105 is so urgently required that we have to ask you to speed up shipment.
第105号订单所订货物我们要急用，请你们加快装船速度。
Signed attested invoice combined with certificate of origin and value in 6 copies as required for imports into Nigeria.
以签署的，连同产地证明和货物价值的，输入尼日利亚的联合发票一式六份
Different articles require different packing.
不同商品需要不同的包装。
This is the minimum quantity we require.
这是我们所需要的最小数量。
Would you tell us your best prices C.I.F. Humburg for the chairs.
请告诉你方椅子到汉堡到岸价的最低价格。
Will you please tell the quantity you require so as to enable us to sort out the offers?
为了便于我方报价，可以告诉我们你们所要的数量吗？
Please get in touch with our agents for the supply of the goods you require.
你们所需的商品，请与我们的代理联系。
As our usual practice, insurance covers basic risks only, at 110 percent of the invoice value. If coverage against other risks is required, such as breakage, leakage, TPND, hook and contamination damages, the extra premium involved would be for the buyer's account.
按照我们的惯例，只保基本险，按发票金额110%投保。如果要加保其它险别，例如破碎险、渗漏险、盗窃遗失险、钩损和污染险等，额外保险费由买方负担。
必需的 necessary; required
必修 [bì xiū] /a required course/
必修课 [bì xiū kè] /a required course/
必要 [bì yào] /necessary/essential/indispensable/required/
加急 [jiā jí] /(v) require urgent measures to handle a matter/
势在必行 [shì zài bì xíng] /be imperative/be required by circumstances/
所需 [suǒ xū] /necessary (for)/required/
需 [xū] /to require/to need/to want/necessity/need/
需要 [xū yào] /to need/to want/to demand/needs/to require/
要求 [yāo qiú] /request/require/stake a claim (to something)/to ask/to demand/
要有 [yào yǒu] /need/require/
主科 [zhǔ kē] /required courses in the major subject/
The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care, and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life.
“医疗行业采取步骤，让年轻医生去晚期病人休养所培训，对各种大胆的镇痛疗法方面的知识进行评估，为医院护理制定一份符合美国医疗保障方案的付款条例，以及为评估和治疗临终痛苦制定新的标准。
I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers' demands.
我认为，推动这股巨大的并购浪潮的最主要的力量，也是推动全球化进程的力量，包括日趋下降的运输与通讯费用，较低的贸易与投资壁垒，以及市场的扩大和为满足市场需求而进行的扩大生产。
This speeding up of life, says the Futurist, requires a new form of expression.
未来派诗人声称，这种加速的生活节奏需要一种新的表达形式。
We must speed up our literature too, if we want to interpret modern stress.
如果我们想诠释现代生活的压力，就必须加快文学发展的步伐。
We must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, of finite verbs.
我们必须大量使用基本词汇，摆脱句号，修饰性形容词及限定动词的羁绊。
While warnings are often appropriate and necessary — the dangers of drug interactions, for example — and many are required by state or federal regulations, it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured.
虽然警示语常常是合理而必要的，如对药物副作用而产生的危险的警示语，并且很多是州或联邦法规所要求的，但是当消费者受伤，这些警示语能否真正保护制造商和销售商使之免于责任，这还很难说。
An education that aims at getting a student a certain kind of job is a technical education, justified for reasons radically different from why education is universally required by law.
旨在使学生胜任某种工作的教育是职业教育，它存在的理由与法律所规定的普及教育之间有很大差别。
It is not simply to raise everyone's job prospects that all children are legally required to attend school into their teens.
根据法律要求，所有儿童都必须就学至十几岁，其目的并非简单地增加他们的谋职能力。
Rather, we have a certain conception of the American citizen, a character who is incomplete if he cannot competently assess how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself.
我们更应该具有的是作为美国公民的某种观念，即他必须准确判断自身的生活和幸福是如何受到外界影响的，否则他的公民特征就是不完整的。
But this was not always the case; before it was legally required for all children to attend school until a certain age, it was widely accepted that some were just not equipped by nature to pursue this kind of education.
但是情况并不总是如此；在法律要求所有儿童必须上学至一定年龄之前，人们普遍认为有些儿童天生就适合接受这种教育。
Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.
依赖的最初表现是不断增长的耐药量，要产生预期的效果需要的药剂量越来越大，而一旦中断使用就会出现难受的停药症状。
Yet the BBC will have to change, because the broadcasting world around it is changing.
然而BBC将不得不进行变革，因为周围的广播世界正发生变化。
The commercial TV channels — ITV and Channel 4 — were required by the Thatcher Government's Broadcasting Act to become more commercial, competing with each other for advertisers, and cutting costs and jobs.
商业电视频道——ITV和第四频道——应撒切尔政府广播法案的要求进行商业化，彼此竞争广告业务，降低成本，裁减员工。
But it is the arrival of new satellite channels — funded partly by advertising and partly by viewers' subscriptions — which will bring about the biggest changes in the long term.
但从长远来看会引起最大变化的是新的卫星频道的出现，它们的部分资金来自广告收入，部分来自用户收视费。
Given this optimistic approach to technological innovation, the American worker took readily to that special kind of nonverbal thinking required in mechanical technology.
有了这种对技术革新的乐观态度，美国工人很快便习惯了机械技术需要的那种特别的非语言的思维方式。
As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out, "A technologist thinks about objects that cannot be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions; they are dealt with in his mind by a visual, nonverbal process... The designer and the inventor... are able to assemble and manipulate in their minds devices that as yet do not exist."
正如尤金·弗格森曾指出的：“技术人员思考那些不能被简化成功用明确的语言进行描述的物体；这些物体在他的头脑中以视觉性的、非语言性的方式被处理加工……设计者和发明者……能把那些尚不存在的机械在头脑中组装和操作。”
{adj: Solomonic} exhibiting or requiring the wisdom of Solomon in making difficult decisions
{adj: a posteriori} requiring evidence for validation or support
{adj: acid-loving} thriving in a relatively acidic environment (especially of plants requiring a pH well below 7)
<-> alkaline-loving
{adj: adequate to, capable, equal to, up to} having the requisite qualities for
"equal to the task"
"the work isn't up to the standard I require"
{adj: alkaline-loving} thriving in a relatively alkaline environment; (especially of plants requiring a pH above 7)
<-> acid-loving
{adj: ambitious, challenging} requiring full use of your abilities or resources
"ambitious schedule"
"performed the most challenging task without a mistake"
{adj: arcane} requiring secret or mysterious knowledge
"the arcane science of dowsing"
{adj: astonishing, astounding, staggering, stupefying} so surprisingly impressive as to stun or overwhelm
"such an enormous response was astonishing"
"an astounding achievement"
"the amount of money required was staggering"
"suffered a staggering defeat"
"the figure inside the boucle dress was stupefying"
{adj: asynchronous} (digital communication) pertaining to a transmission technique that does not require a common clock between the communicating devices; timing signals are derived from special characters in the data stream itself
<-> synchronous
{adj: canonic, canonical} of or relating to or required by canon law
{adj: chewy} (of a consistency) requiring chewing
"chewy caramels"
{adj: chewy} requiring much chewing
{adj: clear} free from confusion or doubt
"a complex problem requiring a clear head"
"not clear about what is expected of us"
{adj: closed} requiring union membership
"a closed shop"
{adj: collectible, collectable, payable} subject to or requiring payment especially as specified
"a collectible bill"
"a note payable on demand"
"a check payable to John Doe"
{adj: compulsory, mandatory, required} required by rule
"in most schools physical education is compulsory"
"attendance is mandatory"
"required reading"
{adj: de rigueur} required by etiquette or usage or fashion
"instruction as to when and where a silk hat is de rigueur"
{adj: delicate, ticklish, touchy} difficult to handle; requiring great tact
"delicate negotiations with the big powers";"hesitates to be explicit on so ticklish a matter"
"a touchy subject"
{adj: demanding} requiring more than usually expected or thought due; especially great patience and effort and skill
"found the job very demanding"
"a baby can be so demanding"
<-> undemanding
{adj: derelict, delinquent, neglectful, remiss} failing in what duty requires
"derelict (or delinquent) in his duty"
"neglectful of his duties"
"remiss of you not to pay your bills"
{adj: difficult, hard} not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure
"a difficult task"
"nesting places on the cliffs are difficult of access"
"difficult times"
"a difficult child"
"found himself in a difficult situation"
"why is it so hard for you to keep a secret?"
<-> easy
{adj: difficult} requiring much effort and trouble
"the mountain climb was long, steep, and difficult"
{adj: dress, full-dress} (of an occasion) requiring formal clothes
"a dress dinner"
"a full-dress ceremony"
{adj: drip-dry, permanent-press} used of fabrics that do not require ironing
"drip-dry shirts for travel"
{adj: easy} posing no difficulty; requiring little effort
"an easy job"
"an easy problem"
"an easy victory"
"the house is easy to heat"
"satisfied with easy answers"
"took the easy way out of his dilemma"
<-> difficult
{adj: effortful} requiring great physical effort
<-> effortless
{adj: effortless} requiring or apparently requiring no effort
"the swallows glided in an effortless way through the busy air"
<-> effortful
{adj: emergent} occurring unexpectedly and requiring urgent action
"emergent repair of an aorta"
{adj: essential} absolutely required and not to be used up or sacrificed
{adj: excess, extra, redundant, spare, supererogatory, superfluous, supernumerary, surplus} more than is needed, desired, or required
"trying to lose excess weight"
"found some extra change lying on the dresser"
"yet another book on heraldry might be thought redundant"
"skills made redundant by technological advance"
"sleeping in the spare room"
"supernumerary ornamentation"
"it was supererogatory of her to gloat"
"delete superfluous (or unnecessary) words"
"extra ribs as well as other supernumerary internal parts"
"surplus cheese distributed to the needy"
{adj: exigent, exacting} requiring precise accuracy
"an exacting job"
"became more exigent over his pronunciation"
{adj: farseeing, farsighted, foresighted, foresightful, prospicient, long, longsighted} planning prudently for the future
"large goals that required farsighted policies"
"took a long view of the geopolitical issues"
{adj: forthcoming} available when required or as promised
"federal funds were not forthcoming"
{adj: fourhanded} (of card games) involving or requiring four players
{adj: grave, grievous, heavy, weighty} of great gravity or crucial import; requiring serious thought
"grave responsibilities"
"faced a grave decision in a time of crisis"
"a grievous fault"
"heavy matters of state"
"the weighty matters to be discussed at the peace conference"
{adj: half-hardy} (of plants) requiring protection from frost
"half-hardy annuals"
{adj: hard-fought} requiring great effort
"a hard-fought primary"
{adj: heavy, labored, laboured} requiring or showing effort
"heavy breathing"
"the subject made for labored reading"
{adj: herculean} extremely difficult; requiring the strength of a Hercules
"a herculean task"
{adj: heterotrophic} requiring organic compounds of carbon and nitrogen for nourishment
"most animals are heterotrophic"
<-> autotrophic
{adj: hygrophytic} requiring an abundance of moisture
"some tropical ferns are hygrophytic"
{adj: imperative} requiring attention or action
"as nuclear weapons proliferate, preventing war becomes imperative"
"requests that grew more and more imperative"
<-> beseeching
{adj: intellectual, rational, noetic} of or associated with or requiring the use of the mind
"intellectual problems"
"the triumph of the rational over the animal side of man"
{adj: intransitive} designating a verb that does not require or cannot take a direct object
<-> transitive
{adj: keyless} lacking or not requiring a key
"a keyless lock operated by a series of pushbuttons"
<-> keyed
{adj: labor-intensive, labour-intensive} requiring a large expenditure of labor but not much capital
"cottage industries are labor intensive"
{adj: manual} doing or requiring physical work
"manual labor"
"manual laborer"
{adj: manual} requiring human effort
"a manual transmission"
<-> automatic
{adj: medical} requiring or amenable to treatment by medicine especially as opposed to surgery
"medical treatment"
"pneumonia is a medical disease"
<-> surgical
{adj: mindless} requiring little mental effort
"mindless tasks"
{adj: needed, needful, required, requisite} necessary for relief or supply
"provided them with all things needful"
{adj: nervy} showing or requiring courage and contempt of danger
"the nervy feats of mountaineers"
{adj: nice, skillful} done with delicacy and skill
"a nice bit of craft"
"a job requiring nice measurements with a micrometer"
"a nice shot"
{adj: nonmandatory, nonobligatory} not required by rule or law
{adj: notifiable} requiring that official notification be given
"a notifiable disease"
{adj: obligatory} required by obligation or compulsion or convention
"he made all the obligatory apologies"
{adj: open} not requiring union membership
"an open shop employs nonunion workers"
{adj: painless} requiring little hard work or exertion
"a painless solution to the problem"
{adj: prerequisite} required as a prior condition or course of study
{adj: reportable} (of income) required by law to be reported
"reportable income"
<-> unreportable
{adj: responsible} worthy of or requiring responsibility or trust; or held accountable
"a responsible adult"
"responsible journalism"
"a responsible position"
"the captain is responsible for the ship's safety"
"the cabinet is responsible to the parliament"
<-> irresponsible
{adj: sedentary} requiring sitting or little activity
"forced by illness to lead a sedentary life"
{adj: semiformal, semi-formal, black-tie} moderately formal; requiring a dinner jacket
"he wore semiformal attire"
"a black-tie dinner"
{adj: semiskilled} possessing or requiring limited skills
"semiskilled dockworkers"
"a semiskilled job"
{adj: serious} requiring effort or concentration; complex and not easy to answer or solve
"raised serious objections to the proposal"
"the plan has a serious flaw"
{adj: skilled} having or showing or requiring special skill
"only the most skilled gymnasts make an Olympic team"
"a skilled surgeon has many years of training and experience"
"a skilled reconstruction of her damaged elbow"
"a skilled trade"
<-> unskilled
{adj: stand-up} requiring a standing position
"a stand-up bar"
"a stand-up comic"
{adj: supposed} required or under orders
"I'm supposed to be there at ten"
"he was supposed to go to the store"
{adj: surgical, operative} relating to or requiring or amenable to treatment by surgery especially as opposed to medicine
"a surgical appendix"
"a surgical procedure"
"operative dentistry"
<-> medical
{adj: synchronous} (digital communication) pertaining to a transmission technique that requires a common clock signal (a timing reference) between the communicating devices in order to coordinate their transmissions
<-> asynchronous
{adj: through} (of a route or journey etc.) continuing without requiring stops or changes
"a through street"
"a through bus"
"through traffic"
{adj: transitive} designating a verb that requires a direct object to complete the meaning
<-> intransitive
{adj: two-handed, bimanual} requiring two hands or designed for two people
"a two-handed sledgehammer"
"a two-handed crosscut saw"
"a machine designed for bimanual operation"
{adj: uncalled-for} not required or requested
"uncalled-for suggestions"
{adj: undemanding} not demanding; requiring little if any patience or effort or skill
"the pay was adequate and the job undemanding"
"simple undemanding affection"
"an undemanding boss"
<-> demanding
{adj: underdeveloped} (of a photograph) lacking in contrast because it was left in the developer for less than the required time
{adj: unfit} below the required standards for a purpose
"an unfit parent"
"unfit for human consumption"
<-> fit
{adj: unreportable} (of income) not reportable; not required by law to be reported
"very little income is unreportable"
<-> reportable
{adj: unskilled} not having or showing or requiring special skill or proficiency
"unskilled in the art of rhetoric"
"an enthusiastic but unskillful mountain climber"
"unskilled labor"
"workers in unskilled occupations are finding fewer and fewer job opportunities"
"unskilled workmanship"
<-> skilled
{adj: wash-and-wear, drip-dry} treated so as to be easily or quickly washed and dried and requiring little or no ironing
"a wash-and-wear shirt"
{adj: white-tie} requiring white ties and tailcoats for men
"a white-tie occasion"
{adv: as needed, as required, pro re nata, PRN} according to need (physicians use PRN in writing prescriptions)
"add water as needed"
{adv: on} in a state required for something to function or be effective
"turn the lights on"
"get a load on"
{adv: rotationally} in a rotational manner
"the required influence lines are found by subjecting the model to small displacements horizontally, vertically and rotationally"
{adv: unfeelingly} without compassionate feelings
"unfeelingly, she required her maid to work on Christmas Day"
<-> feelingly
{n: Bacon, Roger Bacon} English scientist and Franciscan monk who stressed the importance of experimentation; first showed that air is required for combustion and first used lenses to correct vision (1220-1292)
{n: British thermal unit, BTU, B.Th.U.} a unit of heat equal to the amount of heat required to raise one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit at one atmosphere pressure; equivalent to 251.997 calories
{n: Calorie, kilogram calorie, kilocalorie, large calorie, nutritionist's calorie} a unit of heat equal to the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by one degree at one atmosphere pressure; used by nutritionists to characterize the energy-producing potential in food
{n: Fifth Amendment} an amendment to the Constitution of the United States that imposes restrictions on the government's prosecution of persons accused of crimes; mandates due process of law and prohibits self-incrimination and double jeopardy; requires just compensation if private property is taken for public use
{n: Riot Act} a former English law requiring mobs to disperse after a magistrate reads the law to them
{n: Stamp Act} an act passed by the British parliament in 1756 that raised revenue from the American colonies by a duty in the form of a stamp required on all newspapers and legal or commercial documents; opposition by the colonies resulted in the repeal of the act in 1766
{n: ability, power} possession of the qualities (especially mental qualities) required to do something or get something done
"danger heightened his powers of discrimination"
<-> inability
{n: acrobat} an athlete who performs acts requiring skill and agility and coordination
{n: active transport} transport of a substance (as a protein or drug) across a cell membrane against the concentration gradient; requires an expenditure of energy
{n: adagio} a slow section of a pas de deux requiring great skill and strength by the dancers
{n: aerobe} an organism (especially a bacterium) that requires air or free oxygen for life
{n: air} a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of
"air pollution"
"a smell of chemicals in the air"
"open a window and let in some air"
"I need some fresh air"
{n: anabolic steroid} any of a group of synthetic steroid hormones used to stimulate muscle and bone growth; more than 100 have been developed and each requires a prescription to be used legally in the United States; sometimes used illicitly by athletes to increase their strength
{n: anaerobe} an organism (especially a bacterium) that does not require air or free oxygen to live
{n: anticipatory breach, constructive breach} a breach of contract committed prior to the time of required performance
{n: application, coating, covering} the work of applying something
"the doctor prescribed a topical application of iodine"
"a complete bleach requires several applications"
"the surface was ready for a coating of paint";
{n: application, diligence} a diligent effort
"it is a job requiring serious application"
{n: art dealer} a dealer in works of art requiring esthetic evaluation
{n: attention} the faculty or power of mental concentration
"keeping track of all the details requires your complete attention"
{n: balanced diet} a diet that contains adequate amounts of all the necessary nutrients required for healthy growth and activity
{n: ball, formal} a lavish dance requiring formal attire
{n: basal metabolism} the amount of energy required to maintain the body of an individual in a resting state
{n: best evidence rule} a rule of evidence requiring that to prove the content of a writing or recording or photograph the original is required
{n: big science} scientific research that requires massive capital investment but is expected to yield very significant results
{n: bill of Particulars} the particular events to be dealt with in a criminal trial; advises the defendant and the court of the facts the defendant will be required to meet
{n: binding energy, separation energy} the energy required to separate particles from a molecule or atom or nucleus; equals the mass defect
{n: bleach} the whiteness that results from removing the color from something
"a complete bleach usually requires several applications"
{n: blister rust, Cronartium ribicola} fungus causing white pine blister rust and having a complex life cycle requiring a plant of genus Ribes as alternate host
{n: boldness, daring, hardiness, hardihood} the trait of being willing to undertake things that involve risk or danger
"the proposal required great boldness"
"the plan required great hardiness of heart"
<-> timidity
{n: bond, bond certificate} a certificate of debt (usually interest-bearing or discounted) that is issued by a government or corporation in order to raise money; the issuer is required to pay a fixed sum annually until maturity and then a fixed sum to repay the principal
{n: borderline intelligence} the minimal IQ required for someone to function normally and independently in the world (without some form of institutional assistance)
{n: bottle bill} a statute that would require merchants to reclaim used bottles
{n: breach of contract} a breach of a legal duty; failure to do something that is required in a contract
{n: breach of trust} violation (either through fraud or negligence) by a trustee of a duty that equity requires of him
{n: buying, purchasing} the act of buying
"buying and selling fill their days"
"shrewd purchasing requires considerable knowledge"
{n: calorie, gram calorie, small calorie} unit of heat defined as the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree centigrade at atmospheric pressure
{n: care, attention, aid, tending} the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something
"no medical care was required"
"the old car needs constant attention"
{n: case} a person requiring professional services
"a typical case was the suburban housewife described by a marriage counselor"
{n: case} a problem requiring investigation
"Perry Mason solved the case of the missing heir"
{n: catastrophic illness} severe illness requiring prolonged hospitalization or recovery; usually involves high costs for hospitals and doctors and medicines
{n: classroom project} a school task requiring considerable effort
{n: closed universe} (cosmology) a universe in which there is sufficient matter to halt the expansion that began with the big bang and to cause the universe to collapse again; the visible matter is only 10 percent of the matter required for closure but there may be large amounts of dark matter
{n: cloverleaf} an interchange that does not require left-hand turns
{n: cloze procedure, cloze test} a test for diagnosing reading ability; words are deleted from a prose passage and the reader is required to fill in the blanks
{n: code} a coding system used for transmitting messages requiring brevity or secrecy
{n: colonoscopy} visual examination of the colon (with a colonoscope) from the cecum to the rectum; requires sedation
{n: command processing overhead time, command processing overhead, command overhead, overhead} (computer science) the processing time required by a device prior to the execution of a command
{n: compensating balance, offsetting balance} a minimum credit balance that a bank may require a borrower to keep on deposit as a condition for granting a loan; a common requirement for establishing a line of credit at a bank
"the compensating balance increases the effective interest rate to the bank since the net amount loaned is reduced but the interest paid is unchanged"
{n: compression} encoding information while reducing the bandwidth or bits required
<-> decompression
{n: condition, term} (usually plural) a statement of what is required as part of an agreement
"the contract set out the conditions of the lease"
"the terms of the treaty were generous"
{n: contextual definition} a definition in which the term is used by embedding it in a larger expression containing its explanation
"a contextual definition of `legal duty' might be `X has a legal duty to do Y means that X is required to do Y by a contract relationship that would be upheld in a court of law'"
{n: corvee} unpaid labor (as for the maintenance of roads) required by a lord of his vassals in lieu of taxes
{n: court order} a writ issued by a court of law requiring a person to do something or to refrain from doing something
{n: covenant} (Bible) an agreement between God and his people in which God makes certain promises and requires certain behavior from them in return
{n: credit order, bill-me order} an order that is received without payment; requires billing at a later date
{n: critical mass} the minimum amount (of something) required to start or maintain a venture
"the battle for the computer market has now reached critical mass"
"there is now a critical mass of successful women to take the lead"
"they sold the business because it lacked critical mass"
{n: day off} a day when you are not required to work
"Thursday is his day off"
{n: de facto segregation} segregation (especially in schools) that happens in fact although not required by law
{n: declaration of estimated tax, estimated tax return} return required of a taxpayer whose tax withheld from income does not meet the tax liability for the year
{n: decoding, decryption, decipherment} the activity of making clear or converting from code into plain text
"a secret key or password is required for decryption"
{n: defaulter} someone who fails to make a required appearance in court
{n: deficit, shortage, shortfall} the property of being an amount by which something is less than expected or required
"new blood vessels bud out from the already dilated vascular bed to make up the nutritional deficit"
{n: degree, grade, level} a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality
"a moderate grade of intelligence"
"a high level of care is required"
"it is all a matter of degree"
{n: demurrage} a charge required as compensation for the delay of a ship or freight car or other cargo beyond its scheduled time of departure
{n: depressive disorder, clinical depression, depression} a state of depression and anhedonia so severe as to require clinical intervention
{n: deuce} a tie in tennis or table tennis that requires winning two successive points to win the game
{n: difficulty} a condition or state of affairs almost beyond one's ability to deal with and requiring great effort to bear or overcome
"grappling with financial difficulties"
{n: dilemma, quandary} state of uncertainty or perplexity especially as requiring a choice between equally unfavorable options
{n: diligence} conscientiousness in paying proper attention to a task; giving the degree of care required in a given situation
{n: direct support} a mission requiring one force to support another specific force and authorizing it to answer directly the supported force's request for assistance
{n: discipline} a system of rules of conduct or method of practice
"he quickly learned the discipline of prison routine"
"for such a plan to work requires discipline";
{n: disk overhead, overhead} (computer science) the disk space required for information that is not data but is used for location and timing
{n: duration, length} continuance in time
"the ceremony was of short duration"
"he complained about the length of time required"
{n: effortfulness} the quality of requiring deliberate effort
<-> effortlessness
{n: effortlessness} the quality of requiring little effort
"such effortlessness is achieved only after hours of practice"
<-> effortfulness
{n: emergency room, ER} a room in a hospital or clinic staffed and equipped to provide emergency care to persons requiring immediate medical treatment
{n: emergency, exigency, pinch} a sudden unforeseen crisis (usually involving danger) that requires immediate action
"he never knew what to do in an emergency"
{n: eminent domain} the right of the state to take private property for public use; the Fifth Amendment that was added to the Constitution of the United States requires that just compensation be made
{n: endogamy, intermarriage, inmarriage} marriage within one's own tribe or group as required by custom or law
<-> exogamy
{n: enterprise, endeavor, endeavour} a purposeful or industrious undertaking (especially one that requires effort or boldness)
"he had doubts about the whole enterprise"
{n: essential amino acid} an amino acid that is required by animals but that they cannot synthesize; must be supplied in the diet
{n: exercise, exercising, physical exercise, physical exertion, workout} the activity of exerting your muscles in various ways to keep fit
"the doctor recommended regular exercise"
"he did some exercising"
"the physical exertion required by his work kept him fit"
{n: exogamy, intermarriage} marriage to a person belonging to a tribe or group other than your own as required by custom or law
<-> endogamy
{n: failing, flunk} failure to reach a minimum required performance
"his failing the course led to his disqualification"
"he got two flunks on his report"
<-> passing
{n: featherbedding} the practice (usually by a labor union) of requiring an employer to hire more workers than are required
{n: feedstock} the raw material that is required for some industrial process
{n: force out, force-out, force play, force} a putout of a base runner who is required to run; the putout is accomplished by holding the ball while touching the base to which the runner must advance before the runner reaches that base
"the shortstop got the runner at second on a force"
{n: fourth dimension, time} the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event
{n: function, office, part, role} the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group
"the function of a teacher"
"the government must do its part"
"play its role"
{n: ghetto} formerly the restricted quarter of many European cities in which Jews were required to live
"the Warsaw ghetto"
{n: great year, Platonic year} time required for one complete cycle of the precession of the equinoxes, about 25,800 years
{n: guard ship} a warship (at anchor or under way) required to maintain a higher degree of readiness than others in its squadron
{n: half life, half-life} the time required for something to fall to half its initial value (in particular, the time for half the atoms in a radioactive substance to disintegrate)
{n: halophile, halophil} archaebacteria requiring a salt-rich environment for growth and survival
{n: handicraft} a craft that requires skillful hands
{n: handiness} skillfulness with the hands
"he can do any sort of work requiring handiness and dexterity"
{n: heat of dissociation} the heat required for a fluid substance to break up into simpler constituents
{n: heavier-than-air craft} a non-buoyant aircraft that requires a source of power to hold it aloft and to propel it
{n: high-level language} a problem-oriented language requiring little knowledge of the computer on which it will be run
{n: histocompatibility} condition in which the cells of one tissue can survive in the presence of cells of another tissue
"a successful graft or transplant requires a high degree of histocompatibility"
{n: hospital bed} a single bed with a frame in three sections so the head or middle or foot can be raised as required
{n: hypothetical imperative} a principle stating the action required to attain a desired goal
{n: ignition coil} an induction coil that converts current from a battery into the high-voltage current required by spark plugs
{n: immateriality} complete irrelevance requiring no further consideration
<-> materiality
{n: instrument} a device that requires skill for proper use
{n: integrity, unity, wholeness} an undivided or unbroken completeness or totality with nothing wanting
"the integrity of the nervous system is required for normal development"
"he took measures to insure the territorial unity of Croatia"
{n: interval, separation} the distance between things
"fragile items require separation and cushioning"
{n: issue} an important question that is in dispute and must be settled
"the issue could be settled by requiring public education for everyone"
"politicians never discuss the real issues"
{n: jigsaw puzzle} a puzzle that requires you to reassemble a picture that has been mounted on a stiff base and cut into interlocking pieces
{n: job, task, chore} a specific piece of work required to be done as a duty or for a specific fee
"estimates of the city's loss on that job ranged as high as a million dollars"
"the job of repairing the engine took several hours"
"the endless task of classifying the samples"
"the farmer's morning chores"
{n: key} a generic term for any device whose possession entitles the holder to a means of access
"a safe-deposit box usually requires two keys to open it"
{n: know-how} the (technical) knowledge and skill required to do something
{n: labor, labour, toil} productive work (especially physical work done for wages)
"his labor did not require a great deal of skill"
{n: laboriousness, operoseness, toilsomeness} the quality of requiring extended effort
{n: learned profession} one of the three professions traditionally believed to require advanced learning and high principles
{n: legal duty} acts which the law requires be done or forborne
{n: line of duty} all that is normally required in some area of responsibility
{n: logarithm, log} the exponent required to produce a given number
{n: logic} the principles that guide reasoning within a given field or situation
"economic logic requires it"
"by the logic of war"
{n: logistic assessment} a judgment of the logistic support required for some particular military operation
{n: magazine, cartridge} a light-tight supply chamber holding the film and supplying it for exposure as required
{n: makeweight} a weight added to the scale to reach a required weight
{n: mandatory injunction} injunction requiring the performance of some specific act
{n: maneuver, manoeuvre, play} a deliberate coordinated movement requiring dexterity and skill
"he made a great maneuver"
"the runner was out on a play by the shortstop"
{n: margin of safety, safety margin, margin of error} the margin required in order to insure safety
"in engineering the margin of safety is the strength of the material minus the anticipated stress"
{n: material witness} a witness whose testimony is both relevant to the matter at issue and required in order to resolve the matter
{n: materiality} relevance requiring careful consideration
<-> immateriality
{n: medium} the surrounding environment
"fish require an aqueous medium"
{n: mental illness, mental disease, psychopathy} any disease of the mind; the psychological state of someone who has emotional or behavioral problems serious enough to require psychiatric intervention
<-> mental health
{n: minyan} the quorum required by Jewish law to be present for public worship (at least ten males over thirteen years of age)
{n: need, demand} a condition requiring relief
"she satisfied his need for affection"
"God has no need of men to accomplish His work"
"there is a demand for jobs"
{n: no-brainer} anything that requires little thought
{n: nonverbal intelligence} intelligence that is manifested in the performance of tasks requiring little or no use of language
{n: novillero} a bullfighter who is required to fight bulls less than four years of age
{n: nursing aide, nurse's aide} someone who assists a nurse in tasks that require little formal training
{n: organic light-emitting diode, OLED} a self-luminous diode (it glows when an electrical field is applied to the electrodes) that does not require backlighting or diffusers
{n: overkill} the capability to obliterate a target with more weapons (especially nuclear weapons) than are required
{n: part} in so far as the actor specified is concerned
"it requires vigilance on our part"
"they resisted every effort on his part"
{n: passive transport} transport of a substance across a cell membrane by diffusion; expenditure of energy is not required
{n: patent ductus arteriosus} a ductus arteriosus that failed to close at birth; may require surgical correction
{n: patient} a person who requires medical care
"the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly"
{n: penalty} a payment required for not fulfilling a contract
{n: performing arts} arts or skills that require public performance
{n: periodic motion, periodic movement} motion that recurs over and over and the period of time required for each recurrence remains the same
{n: phase IV clinical trials, phase IV} sometimes the FDA approves a drug for general use but requires the manufacturer to continue to monitor its effects; during this phase the drug may be tried on slightly different patient populations than those studied in earlier trials
{n: phase space} (physics) an ideal space in which the coordinate dimensions represent the variables that are required to describe a system or substance
"a multidimensional phase space"
{n: power pack} a device for converting a power supply to a voltage required by particular equipment
{n: prerequisite, requirement} something that is required in advance
"Latin was a prerequisite for admission"
{n: proenzyme, zymogen} any of a group of compounds that are inactive precursors of enzymes and require some change (such as the hydrolysis of a fragment that masks an active enzyme) to become active
{n: profession} an occupation requiring special education (especially in the liberal arts or sciences)
{n: program, programme, computer program, computer programme} (computer science) a sequence of instructions that a computer can interpret and execute
"the program required several hundred lines of code"
{n: quietism} a form of religious mysticism requiring withdrawal from all human effort and passive contemplation of God
{n: recognizance, recognisance} (law) a security entered into before a court with a condition to perform some act required by law; on failure to perform that act a sum is forfeited
{n: red marrow, red bone marrow} bone marrow of children and some adult bones that is required for the formation of red blood cells
{n: red oak} any of numerous American oaks having 4 stamens in each floret, acorns requiring two years to mature and leaf veins usually extending beyond the leaf margin to form points or bristles
{n: redefinition} the act of giving a new definition
"words like `conservative' require periodic redefinition"
"she provided a redefinition of his duties"
{n: reproductive cloning} making a full living copy of an organism; requires a surrogate mother
{n: required course} a course that all students are required to take
{n: requirement, demand} required activity
"the requirements of his work affected his health"
"there were many demands on his time"
{n: requisiteness} the state of being absolutely required
{n: requisition} the act of requiring; an authoritative request or demand, especially by a military or public authority that takes something over (usually temporarily) for military or public use
{n: revision, alteration} the act of revising or altering (involving reconsideration and modification)
"it would require a drastic revision of his opinion"
{n: ribosome} an organelle in the cytoplasm of a living cell; they attach to mRNA and move down it one codon at a time and then stop until tRNA brings the required amino acid; when it reaches a stop codon it falls apart and releases the completed protein molecule for use by the cell
"the ribosome is the site of protein synthesis"
{n: rings} gymnastic apparatus consisting of a pair of heavy metal circles (usually covered with leather) suspended by ropes; used for gymnastic exercises
"the rings require a strong upper body"
{n: savings and loan, savings and loan association} a thrift institution that is required by law to make a certain percentage of its loans as home mortgages
{n: scarlet letter} the letter A in red; Puritans required adulterers to wear it
{n: scire facias} a judicial writ based on some record and requiring the party against whom it is brought to show cause why the record should not be enforced or annulled
{n: servo, servomechanism, servosystem} control system that converts a small mechanical motion into one requiring much greater power; may include a negative feedback system
{n: ship's papers} official papers which a ship is legally required to have; related to ownership, cargo, etc.
{n: smart card} a plastic card containing a microprocessor that enables the holder to perform operations requiring data that is stored in the microprocessor; typically used to perform financial transactions
{n: soft diet, pap, spoon food} a diet that does not require chewing; advised for those with intestinal disorders
{n: soldiering, soldiership} skills that are required for the life of soldier
{n: sophistication} being expert or having knowledge of some technical subject
"understanding affine transformations requires considerable mathematical sophistication"
{n: specific heat} the heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance one degree centigrade
{n: sport, athletics} an active diversion requiring physical exertion and competition
{n: stamp tax, stamp duty} a tax collected by requiring a stamp to be purchased and attached (usually on documents or publications)
{n: strategic intelligence} intelligence that is required for forming policy and military plans at national and international levels
{n: stroke, shot} (sports) the act of swinging or striking at a ball with a club or racket or bat or cue or hand
"it took two strokes to get out of the bunker"
"a good shot require good balance and tempo"
"he left me an almost impossible shot"
{n: study, work} applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading)
"mastering a second language requires a lot of work"
"no schools offer graduate study in interior design"
{n: stuff} unspecified qualities required to do or be something
"the stuff of heros"
"you don't have the stuff to be a United States Marine"
{n: subpoena duces tecum} a writ issued by a court at the request of one of the parties to a suit; it requires a witness to bring to court or to a deposition any relevant documents under the witness's control
{n: sulfa drug, sulfa, sulpha, sulfonamide} antibacterial consisting of any of several synthetic organic compounds capable of inhibiting the growth of bacteria that require PABA
{n: tactical intelligence, combat intelligence} intelligence that is required for the planning and conduct of tactical operations
{n: test equipment} equipment required to perform a test
{n: time constant} (electronics) the time required for the current or voltage in a circuit to rise or fall exponentially through approximately 63 per cent of its amplitude
{n: time off} a time period when you are not required to work
"he requested time off to attend his grandmother's funeral"
<-> work time
{n: torture, torturing} the deliberate, systematic, or wanton infliction of physical or mental suffering by one or more persons in an attempt to force another person to yield information or to make a confession or for any other reason
"it required unnatural torturing to extract a confession"
{n: transitive verb, transitive verb form, transitive} a verb (or verb construction) that requires an object in order to be grammatical
{n: trickiness} the quality of requiring skill or caution
"these puzzles are famous for their trickiness"
{n: tune} the adjustment of a radio receiver or other circuit to a required frequency
{n: type I diabetes, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, IDDM, juvenile-onset diabetes, juvenile diabetes, growth-onset diabetes, ketosis-prone diabetes, ketoacidosis-prone diabetes, autoimmune diabetes} severe diabetes mellitus with an early onset; characterized by polyuria and excessive thirst and increased appetite and weight loss and episodic ketoacidosis; diet and insulin injections are required to control the disease
{n: underpayment} the act of paying less than required
{n: understudy, standby} an actor able to replace a regular performer when required
{n: unformatted capacity} (computer science) the total number of bytes on a disk including the space that will be required to format it
{n: urgency} pressing importance requiring speedy action
"the urgency of his need"
{n: wash-and-wear, wash-and-wear fabric} a fabric treated to be easily washable and to require no ironing
{n: work time} a time period when you are required to work
<-> time off
{n: work to rule} a job action in which workers cause a slowdown by doing only the minimum amount required by the rules of the workplace
{n: working papers, work papers, work permit} a legal document giving information required for employment of certain people in certain countries
{n: working papers} records kept of activities involved in carrying out a project
"the auditor was required to produce his working papers"
{v: ask, require, expect} consider obligatory ; request and expect
"We require our secretary to be on time"
"Aren't we asking too much of these children?"
"I expect my students to arrive in time for their lessons"
{v: ask} require or ask for as a price or condition
"He is asking $200 for the table"
"The kidnapers are asking a million dollars in return for the release of their hostage"
{v: call} require the presentation of for redemption before maturation
"Call a bond"
{v: command, require, compel} make someone do something
{v: complete, fill out, fill in, make out} write all the required information onto a form
"fill out this questionnaire, please!"
"make out a form"
{v: cost} require to lose, suffer, or sacrifice
"This mistake cost him his job"
{v: delay} act later than planned, scheduled, or required
"Don't delay your application to graduate school or else it won't be considered"
{v: dimension} shape or form to required dimensions
{v: draw} require a specified depth for floating
"This boat draws 70 inches"
{v: fit the bill, fill the bill} be what is needed or be good enough for what is required
"Does this restaurant fit the bill for the celebration?"
{v: go into} be used or required for
"A lot of energy went into the organization of this banquet"
{v: govern} require to be in a certain grammatical case, voice, or mood
"most transitive verbs govern the accusative case in German"
{v: inflect} change the form of a word in accordance as required by the grammatical rules of the language
{v: keep up} maintain a required pace or level
"He could not keep up and dropped out of the race"
{v: necessitate, ask, postulate, need, require, take, involve, call for, demand} require as useful, just, or proper
"It takes nerve to do what she did"
"success usually requires hard work"
"This job asks a lot of patience and skill"
"This position demands a lot of personal sacrifice"
"This dinner calls for a spectacular dessert"
"This intervention does not postulates a patient's consent"
<-> obviate
{v: perambulate} make an official inspection on foot of (the bounds of a property)
"Selectmen are required by law to perambulate the bounds every five years"
{v: precondition} put into the required condition beforehand
{v: presuppose, suppose} require as a necessary antecedent or precondition
"This step presupposes two prior ones"
{v: process} perform mathematical and logical operations on (data) according to programmed instructions in order to obtain the required information
"The results of the elections were still being processed when he gave his acceptance speech"
{v: put up, contribute} provide
"The city has to put up half the required amount"
{v: revoke} fail to follow suit when able and required to do so
{v: satisfice, staisfise} decide on and pursue a course of action satisfying the minimum requirements to achieve a goal
"optimization requires processes that are more complex than those needed to merely satisfice"
{v: underdevelop} process (a film or photographic plate) less than the required time or in an ineffective solution or at an insufficiently high temperature
"These photos are underdeveloped"
{v: want, need, require} have need of
"This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner"
This is no to gloss over out problems, or to underestimate the scale of what is required.
这不是粉饰我们面对的困难，或者低估所需要做的努力的规模。
The achievement of our vision requires rapid industrialisation, that exploits our scarcely tapped resources and our strategic geographical location.
实现我们的理想需要高速度的工业化，即大力利用我们尚未开发的资源和我们地理上的战略地位。
In turn, that requires massive programmes for infrastructural development, for the regeneration of our cities, and for the education of our people.
另一方面，这需要推行巨大的计划去建设基础设施，重整我们的城市，教育我们的人民。
What happens in Africa impacts on its relations with the world.
非洲发生的事影响到它和外部世界的关系。
Sustainable growth and development therefore requires peace, security and stability.
因此，可持续增长和发展要求和平、安全和稳定。
And they require the unity of the African continent.
它们也要求非洲大陆的团结。
Patients ' bills of rights require that they be informed about their condition and about alternatives for treatment.
各种的病人权利法案要求告知病人实情，让病人在治疗上做出选择。
The paper says further research is required into interview techniques and conditions under which false memories and reports of abuse are most likely to arise.
论文认为，需要进一步研究询问的技巧和条件－在这些技巧和条件下，不真实的记忆和有关受虐待经历的陈述最有可能产生的。
It may seem a simple affair to play upon a violin;
演奏小提琴似乎是简单的事；
yet what a long and laborious practice it requires !
然而这需要多么长期和艰苦的练习呀！
Teacher attitudes have contributed, she says, to a drastic reduction in student participation in physical education.
她说，教师的态度已造成了学生参加体育活动的人数急剧下降。
Thirty years ago, nine out of 10 elementary students ran daily PE classes.
30年前，十分之九的小学生每天上体育课；
Today, less than a third do;
今天，不到三分之一的学生参加，
and, while the vast majority of school districts are required to offer PE, nine out of 10 allow students to be excused or exempted for activities like cheer-leading and band practice, according to a 1994 study of school PE programmes.
并且，根据 1994年的一项关于学校体育课程的研究，尽管要求绝大多数学区开设体育课，而十个有九个允许学生可以因像啦啦队和乐队之类的活动而中途退出或不参加体育课。
The state requires that elementary students have 200 minutes of PE every 10 days, which averages out to 20 minutes a day.
该州要求，小学生每十天中应有 200分钟的体育活动，平均每天为 20分钟。
That would have required the pilots to dive immediately to lower altitudes, seeking protection in the thicker atmosphere.
那种情况就要求飞行员立即俯降到更低的高度，在更厚的大气中寻求保护。
We can meet many of the demands and overcome many of the challenges of life with simple skills--straightforward practices that anyone can master and that don't require willpower--in other words, with skill, not will.
要满足生命中这诸多要求并克服众多挑战，我们只需运用简单技巧－而这些技巧是任何人都能掌握并且无需意志力的实践操作－换句话说，只用技巧，而非意志。
K'vod ha-met: in Hebrew, respect for the dead. K'
：在希伯来语中，它的意思是：尊重死者。
For Jews, this ancient, principle ensures dignified treatment of the body.
对犹太人来说，这个古老的原则保证了死者的尸体得到有尊严的处理。
Even in liberal Judaism, only certain conditions can override it:
即使是在开明派犹太人的圈子里，也只有在某些特殊情况下才能推翻这个原则：
when civil law requires an autopsy, for example, to determine the cause of death; or when there is an opportunity to save a life.
例如，为了确定死亡原因，按民法规定有必要进行尸体解剖时；或者在有可能挽救一个生命时。
And an expanding economy virtually requires abundant energy.
而一个正在发展增长的经济实际上是需要丰富的能源的。
And news reports said Sen. Robert Torricelli, D-N.J., will propose legislation requiring Web companies to ask permission before using personal customer data.
并且有新闻报道说，新泽西州民主党参议员罗伯特.托里切利将提出法案，要求网络公司在使用客户个人资料之前必须征得客户的同意。
As things stand now, the company requires Web users to drill through the legalese of a multi-page privacy policy in order to " opt out. "
现在的情况是：该公司让网络用户在想取消个人定制信息前，不得不吃力地阅读好几页充满法律术语的隐私协议。
On the Internet, that's a great weakness.
在因特网上，这是个极大的缺点。
In short, rather than requiring Web users to " opt out ", they should ask those users to " opt in ".
简而言之，与其要求网络用户 "拒绝 "，还不如让用户 "接受 "。
This technology will enable us to have virtual-reality experiences with other people or simulated people without requiring any equipment not already in our heads.
这一技术将使我们能够与其他人（或者模拟的人）一起进行虚拟现实的体验，而无须我们头脑中事先有任何设备。
Such devices, together with Internet-enabled sensors embedded in clothing, will avoid a hospital stay for medical patients who simply require observation.
这些装置，加上植入衣物里面、具备上网功能的传感器，将使得一些只需要观察的病人避免住院。
There are technical answers for many of these questions, but some will require international agreements before they can be resolved.
这些问题许多都可以在技术上解决，但在解决前还需要达成国际间的协议。
While requiring so little skill and coordination that even a three-year-old can become adept, scooting urban professionals and devotees, like pop star Robbie Williams, have bridged the demographic divide.
由于几乎不需要任何技巧及协调动作，甚至三岁幼童都可以成为行家里手，踏板车职业运动员普通爱好者（流行歌星罗比·威廉斯就是一位踏板车爱好者）成功地消除了年龄方面的限制。
Unlike a bike, it requires no lock or parking space.
和自行车不同的是，它不需要车锁或存放空间。
For more pointed fun, check out the minigames on shockwave.com, which require a quick download of the Shockwave player.
如果你想玩得有点目的性的话，可以看一看 shockwave.com 上的微型游戏，只是你必须快速下载 Shockwave 的游戏软件。
But a sleek Italian restaurant may require a 10% contribution.
但是在一个雅致的意大利餐馆就餐，可能就要多付 10%的小费。
The local response was equally swift and some city governments have gone even further, requiring contraband dogs to be leashed, muzzled, sterilized or even destroyed.
各地迅速采取行动，有些城市的政府更进一步要求对所有非法买卖的狗实施如下措施：用皮带束缚、上口络、消毒、甚至处死。
" At some point, " he says, giving MacKenzie a hug as the two of them stand around in the kitchen, " we want to figure out how to do philanthropic work effectively, which will require at least as much attention and energy as building a successful company. "
在某个时候，他说着拥抱了一下麦肯齐，他们两人正站在厨房中，我们会想办法，以一种有效的方式做一些慈善工作。这种工作和创建一个成功的网站一样需要花费很大的精力。
Liss says humanity can emulate nature's garbage-free ways, but it will require innovative technology and a big change in attitude.
利斯说人类可以效仿自然界消除垃圾的方法，但这需要创新的科技和态度的重大转变。
Some progress is being made - aluminum cans and plastic soda bottles have become thinner over the years, but more reductions will require a whole new kind of manufacturing process.
这方面已经有了一些进展──几年来，铝制罐和塑料汽水瓶变得越来越薄了，但要进一步减轻重量，就必须使用全新的制造过程。
Basketball, running and aerobics always require special shoes, regardless of how often you participate in them.
如果是打篮球、跑步与增氧健身运动，不管你参加的次数多少，都要穿专用运动鞋。
Now a study shows that examining the abdomen with ultrasound or a CAT scan is 94% accurate in diagnosing whether a sick child does or does not require surgery.
现在有一项研究证明：用超声波或 CAT 射线检查腹部以确定患病的孩子是否需要手术，正确率达到 94%。
But even if an AIDS vaccine is developed before 2025, it will require an extraordinary effort of political will among our leaders to get to the people who need it most.
但是即使爱滋病疫苗在 2025年之前就研制成功，还需我们政界领袖们的非凡努力，以使得最亟需的人们得到它。
In June 1999, the Food and Drug Administration recommended the Salk killed-virus vaccine, safe but somewhat less effective, instead of the Sabin variety, for the first two of the four required polio inoculations given children. 1999年 6月，美国食品和药物管理局推荐使用索尔克氏灭活疫苗，安全但效果稍微差一些，用来代替给儿童注射的前两次（总共四次）萨宾疫苗。
Certain cancers may require treatment for the rest a patient's long life.
一些癌病患者可能需要在其生命中长期接受治疗。
Although the Commission backed ESAT during the three years it took to handle its complaint, it recently reversed its stance on the precedent-setting case, which would have required Europe's dominant phone companies to compensate new entrants for all the years they overcharged them.
虽然欧洲委员会在处理该案的 3年间一直支持 ESAT ，但最近改变了它以此案为开创先例的立常如果坚持原先的立场，欧洲各大电话公司必须向新兴公司赔偿过去几年中向它们多收的费用。
( A separate, removable floppy or CD drive is required. )
（需要另外安装可移动的软驱或光盘驱动器。）
Cleartype's first big test comes in the year 2000 when the company releases a beta version of its Reader software, which will be required to view the clearer text. 2000年 Cleartype 将经受第一次重大的考验：微软公司将发行解读软件的β版本，阅读更清晰的文字必须用到这种软件。
The high metabolic rate of small animals, for example, gives them sustained power and activity per unit of weight, but at the cost of requiring constant consumption of food and water.
例如，小动物较高的新陈代谢率，以其体重的每单位计算均能赋予动物以持续不断的能量和活动能力，但其代价是，要求它们不间断地消耗水和食物。
Whereas the tiny shrew can replace in minutes the glycogen used for maximum effort, for example, the gigantic dinosaur would have required more than three weeks.
例如，虽则体小的 仅在几分钟之内就能补充殊死搏斗中所消耗的糖原，而庞然大物恐龙却需要三个多星期的时间。
Their present high standing is due to a different,more democratic political climate and to different aesthetic values: we no longer require artists to provide ideal images of humanity for our moral edification but rather regard such idealization as a falsification of the truth.
他们目前很高的地位缘自一种全然不同的、更为民主的政治氛围，并且缘自全然不同的美学价值：我们不再要求艺术家提供理想化的人类形象来进行道德教诲，相反，却会把这种理想化的做法视作对真理的弄虚作假。
But achieving necessary matches in physical properties across interfaces between living and nonliving matter requires knowledge of which molecules control the bonding of cells to each other—an area that we have not yet explored thoroughly.
但是，要想沿着原生和非原生物质之间的界面获取生理特性的必要匹配，需要某种知识，即什么样的分子控制着细胞彼此间的结合——而对这一领域，我们尚未进行充分的探索。
Bauxite is the richest of all those aluminous rocks that occur in large quantities, and it yields alumina, the intermediate product required for the production of aluminum.
铝土矿是所有那些大量出现的含铝岩石中含量最丰富的岩石，它产生氧化铝（alumina），一种制造铝所必不可少的中间产品。
The aluminum silicates are therefore generally unsuitable alternatives to bauxite because considerably more energy is required to extract alumina from them.
因此，一般而言，铝硅酸盐不适合作为铝土矿的替代物质，因为要从它们中提炼出氧化铝，需要耗费更多可观的能源。
As a genre, ragtime requires strict attention to structure, not inventiveness or virtuosity.
作为一种体裁，散拍乐需要严格注意结构，而非翻新或精湛技巧。
Since Neolithic times, sculpture has been considered the prerogative of men, partly, perhaps, for purely physical reasons: it was erroneously assumed that women were not suited for the hard manual labor required in sculpting stone, carving wood, or working in metal.
自从新石器时代（Neolithic times）以来，雕塑一直被视作男人的特权，部分程度上或计是因为纯粹的生理原因：人们误以为女性不适于雕石、刻木、镂制金属所必需的繁重体力劳动。
Since the Hawaiian Islands have never been connected to other land masses, the great variety of plants in Hawaii must be a result of the long-distance dispersal of seeds, a process that requires both a method of transport and an equivalence between the ecology of the source area and that of the recipient area.
既然夏威夷群岛（Hawaiin Islands）从不曾与其它陆块相联，那么，夏威夷植物的巨大多样性只能是源自种籽的远距离播散，而这一过程则不仅仅需要某种传输方法，而且亦要求在来源地的生态环境与接收地的生态环境之间存在一种相同情形。
The critic must recognize the artistic element of uniqueness that requires subjective reaction; yet she must not be unduly prejudiced by such reactions.
这位评论家必须辨认出那种带有独特性的艺术因素，而要做到这一点则需要主观反应；然则，她绝不应该因这样的反应而过度地带有偏见。
What scientists learned by studying the Watanabe rabbits is that the removal of the VLDL remnant requires the LDL receptor.
通过对渡氏老鼠的研究，科学家所了解到的是，VLDL残留物的去除需要LDL受体。
Thus, a complete understanding of the origins and development of nineteenth-century feminism in the United States requires that the geographical focus be widened to include Europe and that the detailed study already made of social conditions be expanded to include the ideological development of feminism.
因此，要想彻底全面地理解十九世纪美国女权主义运动发展的渊源，就必须将地域范围予以拓宽，将欧洲亦纳入其中；并且，对社会条件业已进行详尽研究应予扩充，要将女权主义运动的意识形态的发展包括在内。
The third step would require ratification by the legislatures of two-thirds of U.N. member states, including all five permanent Security Council members.
第三步是要求联合国三分之二的成员国的立法机构，包括所有5个安理会常任理事国的立法机构来立法批准安理会扩大计划。
All flights are required to pass through Hong Kong airspace but will not have to land. At present, all flights between the two regions have to stop-off at a third destination, adding hours to a short trip.
所有班机都需经过香港的领空但无需落地。目前，两岸的所有航班都需停落到第三地，这样就给两岸间的短途旅行增加了几个小时。
The president's Pentagon briefing also included an update on the fight against terrorism. Mr. Bush says the United States is constantly reviewing its strategy and recognizes that winning the fight requires coordinated efforts both within the U.S. government and with other nations that the president says understand what is at stake.
总统还听取了反恐斗争的最新情况通报。布什指出，美国正在不断审议自己的战略，并认识到，赢得反恐斗争的胜利既需要美国政府内部的协调努力，也需要美国政府同那些懂得利害得失的其它国家协同努力。
"In the coming days, President Clinton and Bush will ask Americans to donate directly to reliable charities already providing help to tsunami victims," the president said. "Many of these organizations have dispatched experts to the disaster area and they have an in-depth understanding of the resources required to meet the needs on the ground."
布什说：“未来几天内，克林顿总统和布什总统将请求美国人民直接捐助那些已经为海啸受害者提供帮助的可靠慈善机构。许多上述机构向受灾地区派出了专门人员，这些机构深刻了解那里所需资源的状况。”
"As the commander of CENTCOM, Tommy Franks held responsibility for defending American interests in some of the most remote and difficult terrain in the world," he said. "It's a job that requires the toughness of a general, the foresight of a strategist, the tact of a diplomat, and the skill of a good manager. Tommy Franks led the forces that fought and won two wars in the defense of the world's security and help liberate more than 50 million people from two of the worst tyrannies in the world."
布什说：“作为中央司令部的司令，福兰克斯将军担负起了在世界上最遥远、条件最恶劣的地区捍卫美国利益的责任。这样的工作需要有将军的刚毅、战略家的眼光、外交家的灵活和管理人的技巧。福兰克斯领导军队进行了并赢得了两场保卫世界安全的战争，从世界上两个最恶劣的专制政权手里解放出了五千多万人民。”
Lawyers for the American Civil Liberties Union said they would file a lawsuit in Federal Court on Wednesday, asking that Florida election officials be required to accept absentee ballots for an additional 10 days beyond the election, so that all votes could be counted.
美国民权自由工会的律师说，他们将在星期三向联邦法庭提出控告，要求佛罗里达州的选举官员在选举日之后的10天内必须接受缺席选票，以便所有的选票都能够得到点算。
We refer to your telex of 12 August and ours of today regarding the supply of black silk.
As you perhaps know, demand for the above has been heavy since last year.
We are consequently fully committed at the moment and are unable to make you the offer as requested.
We assure you, however, that we shall contact you as soon as fresh supplies become available.
Should your customers require other silks, please let us know.
贵公司8月12日的电传已经收到，现就有关黑色丝绸供货问题电复。
自去年以来，上术货品的需求量极高。
本公司暂未能承接定单，故无法按贵公司要求报价。
他日一旦有新货源，本公司定当即时与贵公司联络。
若贵客户需要其他丝绸货品，亦请告知。
Documents required 单据要求
the speedy execution of the project requires the ready supply of all materials,equipment,and labor when needed
A group of disorders characterized by an early onset (usually in the first five years of life), lack of persistence in activities that require cognitive involvement, and a tendency to move from one activity to another without completing any one, together with disorganized, ill-regulated, and excessive activity. Several other abnormalities may be associated. Hyperkinetic children are often reckless and impulsive, prone to accidents, and find themselves in disciplinary trouble because of unthinking breaches of rules rather than deliberate defiance. Their relationships with adults are often socially disinhibited, with a lack of normal caution and reserve. They are unpopular with other children and may become isolated. Impairment of cognitive functions is common, and specific delays in motor and language development are disproportionately frequent. Secondary complications include dissocial behaviour and low self-esteem.
A group of disorders characterized by an early onset (usually in the first five years of life), lack of persistence in activities that require cognitive involvement, and a tendency to move from one activity to another without completing any one, together with disorganized, ill-regulated, and excessive activity. Several other abnormalities may be associated. Hyperkinetic children are often reckless and impulsive, prone to accidents, and find themselves in disciplinary trouble because of unthinking breaches of rules rather than deliberate defiance. Their relationships with adults are often socially disinhibited, with a lack of normal caution and reserve. They are unpopular with other children and may become isolated. Impairment of cognitive functions is common, and specific delays in motor and language development are disproportionately frequent. Secondary complications include dissocial behaviour and low self-esteem.
the speedy execution of the project requires the ready supply of all materials,equipment,and labor when needed
A group of disorders characterized by an early onset (usually in the first five years of life), lack of persistence in activities that require cognitive involvement, and a tendency to move from one activity to another without completing any one, together with disorganized, ill-regulated, and excessive activity. Several other abnormalities may be associated. Hyperkinetic children are often reckless and impulsive, prone to accidents, and find themselves in disciplinary trouble because of unthinking breaches of rules rather than deliberate defiance. Their relationships with adults are often socially disinhibited, with a lack of normal caution and reserve. They are unpopular with other children and may become isolated. Impairment of cognitive functions is common, and specific delays in motor and language development are disproportionately frequent. Secondary complications include dissocial behaviour and low self-esteem.
A group of disorders characterized by an early onset (usually in the first five years of life), lack of persistence in activities that require cognitive involvement, and a tendency to move from one activity to another without completing any one, together with disorganized, ill-regulated, and excessive activity. Several other abnormalities may be associated. Hyperkinetic children are often reckless and impulsive, prone to accidents, and find themselves in disciplinary trouble because of unthinking breaches of rules rather than deliberate defiance. Their relationships with adults are often socially disinhibited, with a lack of normal caution and reserve. They are unpopular with other children and may become isolated. Impairment of cognitive functions is common, and specific delays in motor and language development are disproportionately frequent. Secondary complications include dissocial behaviour and low self-esteem.
the speedy execution of the project requires the ready supply of all materials,equipment,and labor when needed
A group of disorders characterized by an early onset (usually in the first five years of life), lack of persistence in activities that require cognitive involvement, and a tendency to move from one activity to another without completing any one, together with disorganized, ill-regulated, and excessive activity. Several other abnormalities may be associated. Hyperkinetic children are often reckless and impulsive, prone to accidents, and find themselves in disciplinary trouble because of unthinking breaches of rules rather than deliberate defiance. Their relationships with adults are often socially disinhibited, with a lack of normal caution and reserve. They are unpopular with other children and may become isolated. Impairment of cognitive functions is common, and specific delays in motor and language development are disproportionately frequent. Secondary complications include dissocial behaviour and low self-esteem.
A group of disorders characterized by an early onset (usually in the first five years of life), lack of persistence in activities that require cognitive involvement, and a tendency to move from one activity to another without completing any one, together with disorganized, ill-regulated, and excessive activity. Several other abnormalities may be associated. Hyperkinetic children are often reckless and impulsive, prone to accidents, and find themselves in disciplinary trouble because of unthinking breaches of rules rather than deliberate defiance. Their relationships with adults are often socially disinhibited, with a lack of normal caution and reserve. They are unpopular with other children and may become isolated. Impairment of cognitive functions is common, and specific delays in motor and language development are disproportionately frequent. Secondary complications include dissocial behaviour and low self-esteem.
当今酒店发展迅速，技术的支持转化为服务、优秀人才对于酒店的重要性、以及企�
the speedy execution of the project requires the ready supply of all materials,equipment,and labor when needed
A group of disorders characterized by an early onset (usually in the first five years of life), lack of persistence in activities that require cognitive involvement, and a tendency to move from one activity to another without completing any one, together with disorganized, ill-regulated, and excessive activity. Several other abnormalities may be associated. Hyperkinetic children are often reckless and impulsive, prone to accidents, and find themselves in disciplinary trouble because of unthinking breaches of rules rather than deliberate defiance. Their relationships with adults are often socially disinhibited, with a lack of normal caution and reserve. They are unpopular with other children and may become isolated. Impairment of cognitive functions is common, and specific delays in motor and language development are disproportionately frequent. Secondary complications include dissocial behaviour and low self-esteem.
A group of disorders characterized by an early onset (usually in the first five years of life), lack of persistence in activities that require cognitive involvement, and a tendency to move from one activity to another without completing any one, together with disorganized, ill-regulated, and excessive activity. Several other abnormalities may be associated. Hyperkinetic children are often reckless and impulsive, prone to accidents, and find themselves in disciplinary trouble because of unthinking breaches of rules rather than deliberate defiance. Their relationships with adults are often socially disinhibited, with a lack of normal caution and reserve. They are unpopular with other children and may become isolated. Impairment of cognitive functions is common, and specific delays in motor and language development are disproportionately frequent. Secondary complications include dissocial behaviour and low self-esteem.
当今酒店发展迅速，技术的支持转化为服务、优秀人才对于酒店的重要性、以及企�
the speedy execution of the project requires the ready supply of all materials,equipment,and labor when needed
A group of disorders characterized by an early onset (usually in the first five years of life), lack of persistence in activities that require cognitive involvement, and a tendency to move from one activity to another without completing any one, together with disorganized, ill-regulated, and excessive activity. Several other abnormalities may be associated. Hyperkinetic children are often reckless and impulsive, prone to accidents, and find themselves in disciplinary trouble because of unthinking breaches of rules rather than deliberate defiance. Their relationships with adults are often socially disinhibited, with a lack of normal caution and reserve. They are unpopular with other children and may become isolated. Impairment of cognitive functions is common, and specific delays in motor and language development are disproportionately frequent. Secondary complications include dissocial behaviour and low self-esteem.
A group of disorders characterized by an early onset (usually in the first five years of life), lack of persistence in activities that require cognitive involvement, and a tendency to move from one activity to another without completing any one, together with disorganized, ill-regulated, and excessive activity. Several other abnormalities may be associated. Hyperkinetic children are often reckless and impulsive, prone to accidents, and find themselves in disciplinary trouble because of unthinking breaches of rules rather than deliberate defiance. Their relationships with adults are often socially disinhibited, with a lack of normal caution and reserve. They are unpopular with other children and may become isolated. Impairment of cognitive functions is common, and specific delays in motor and language development are disproportionately frequent. Secondary complications include dissocial behaviour and low self-esteem.
当今酒店发展迅速，技术的支持转化为服务、优秀人才对于酒店的重要性、以及企�
the speedy execution of the project requires the ready supply of all materials,equipment,and labor when needed
A group of disorders characterized by an early onset (usually in the first five years of life), lack of persistence in activities that require cognitive involvement, and a tendency to move from one activity to another without completing any one, together with disorganized, ill-regulated, and excessive activity. Several other abnormalities may be associated. Hyperkinetic children are often reckless and impulsive, prone to accidents, and find themselves in disciplinary trouble because of unthinking breaches of rules rather than deliberate defiance. Their relationships with adults are often socially disinhibited, with a lack of normal caution and reserve. They are unpopular with other children and may become isolated. Impairment of cognitive functions is common, and specific delays in motor and language development are disproportionately frequent. Secondary complications include dissocial behaviour and low self-esteem.
A group of disorders characterized by an early onset (usually in the first five years of life), lack of persistence in activities that require cognitive involvement, and a tendency to move from one activity to another without completing any one, together with disorganized, ill-regulated, and excessive activity. Several other abnormalities may be associated. Hyperkinetic children are often reckless and impulsive, prone to accidents, and find themselves in disciplinary trouble because of unthinking breaches of rules rather than deliberate defiance. Their relationships with adults are often socially disinhibited, with a lack of normal caution and reserve. They are unpopular with other children and may become isolated. Impairment of cognitive functions is common, and specific delays in motor and language development are disproportionately frequent. Secondary complications include dissocial behaviour and low self-esteem.
A group of disorders characterized by an early onset (usually in the first five years of life), lack of persistence in activities that require cognitive involvement, and a tendency to move from one activity to another without completing any one, together with disorganized, ill-regulated, and excessive activity. Several other abnormalities may be associated. Hyperkinetic children are often reckless and impulsive, prone to accidents, and find themselves in disciplinary trouble because of unthinking breaches of rules rather than deliberate defiance. Their relationships with adults are often socially disinhibited, with a lack of normal caution and reserve. They are unpopular with other children and may become isolated. Impairment of cognitive functions is common, and specific delays in motor and language development are disproportionately frequent. Secondary complications include dissocial behaviour and low self-esteem.
A group of disorders characterized by an early onset (usually in the first five years of life), lack of persistence in activities that require cognitive involvement, and a tendency to move from one activity to another without completing any one, together with disorganized, ill-regulated, and excessive activity. Several other abnormalities may be associated. Hyperkinetic children are often reckless and impulsive, prone to accidents, and find themselves in disciplinary trouble because of unthinking breaches of rules rather than deliberate defiance. Their relationships with adults are often socially disinhibited, with a lack of normal caution and reserve. They are unpopular with other children and may become isolated. Impairment of cognitive functions is common, and specific delays in motor and language development are disproportionately frequent. Secondary complications include dissocial behaviour and low self-esteem.
A group of disorders characterized by an early onset (usually in the first five years of life), lack of persistence in activities that require cognitive involvement, and a tendency to move from one activity to another without completing any one, together with disorganized, ill-regulated, and excessive activity. Several other abnormalities may be associated. Hyperkinetic children are often reckless and impulsive, prone to accidents, and find themselves in disciplinary trouble because of unthinking breaches of rules rather than deliberate defiance. Their relationships with adults are often socially disinhibited, with a lack of normal caution and reserve. They are unpopular with other children and may become isolated. Impairment of cognitive functions is common, and specific delays in motor and language development are disproportionately frequent. Secondary complications include dissocial behaviour and low self-esteem.
A group of disorders characterized by an early onset (usually in the first five years of life), lack of persistence in activities that require cognitive involvement, and a tendency to move from one activity to another without completing any one, together with disorganized, ill-regulated, and excessive activity. Several other abnormalities may be associated. Hyperkinetic children are often reckless and impulsive, prone to accidents, and find themselves in disciplinary trouble because of unthinking breaches of rules rather than deliberate defiance. Their relationships with adults are often socially disinhibited, with a lack of normal caution and reserve. They are unpopular with other children and may become isolated. Impairment of cognitive functions is common, and specific delays in motor and language development are disproportionately frequent. Secondary complications include dissocial behaviour and low self-esteem.
A group of disorders characterized by an early onset (usually in the first five years of life), lack of persistence in activities that require cognitive involvement, and a tendency to move from one activity to another without completing any one, together with disorganized, ill-regulated, and excessive activity. Several other abnormalities may be associated. Hyperkinetic children are often reckless and impulsive, prone to accidents, and find themselves in disciplinary trouble because of unthinking breaches of rules rather than deliberate defiance. Their relationships with adults are often socially disinhibited, with a lack of normal caution and reserve. They are unpopular with other children and may become isolated. Impairment of cognitive functions is common, and specific delays in motor and language development are disproportionately frequent. Secondary complications include dissocial behaviour and low self-esteem.
A group of disorders characterized by an early onset (usually in the first five years of life), lack of persistence in activities that require cognitive involvement, and a tendency to move from one activity to another without completing any one, together with disorganized, ill-regulated, and excessive activity. Several other abnormalities may be associated. Hyperkinetic children are often reckless and impulsive, prone to accidents, and find themselves in disciplinary trouble because of unthinking breaches of rules rather than deliberate defiance. Their relationships with adults are often socially disinhibited, with a lack of normal caution and reserve. They are unpopular with other children and may become isolated. Impairment of cognitive functions is common, and specific delays in motor and language development are disproportionately frequent. Secondary complications include dissocial behaviour and low self-esteem.
A group of disorders characterized by an early onset (usually in the first five years of life), lack of persistence in activities that require cognitive involvement, and a tendency to move from one activity to another without completing any one, together with disorganized, ill-regulated, and excessive activity. Several other abnormalities may be associated. Hyperkinetic children are often reckless and impulsive, prone to accidents, and find themselves in disciplinary trouble because of unthinking breaches of rules rather than deliberate defiance. Their relationships with adults are often socially disinhibited, with a lack of normal caution and reserve. They are unpopular with other children and may become isolated. Impairment of cognitive functions is common, and specific delays in motor and language development are disproportionately frequent. Secondary complications include dissocial behaviour and low self-esteem.
A group of disorders characterized by an early onset (usually in the first five years of life), lack of persistence in activities that require cognitive involvement, and a tendency to move from one activity to another without completing any one, together with disorganized, ill-regulated, and excessive activity. Several other abnormalities may be associated. Hyperkinetic children are often reckless and impulsive, prone to accidents, and find themselves in disciplinary trouble because of unthinking breaches of rules rather than deliberate defiance. Their relationships with adults are often socially disinhibited, with a lack of normal caution and reserve. They are unpopular with other children and may become isolated. Impairment of cognitive functions is common, and specific delays in motor and language development are disproportionately frequent. Secondary complications include dissocial behaviour and low self-esteem.
A group of disorders characterized by an early onset (usually in the first five years of life), lack of persistence in activities that require cognitive involvement, and a tendency to move from one activity to another without completing any one, together with disorganized, ill-regulated, and excessive activity. Several other abnormalities may be associated. Hyperkinetic children are often reckless and impulsive, prone to accidents, and find themselves in disciplinary trouble because of unthinking breaches of rules rather than deliberate defiance. Their relationships with adults are often socially disinhibited, with a lack of normal caution and reserve. They are unpopular with other children and may become isolated. Impairment of cognitive functions is common, and specific delays in motor and language development are disproportionately frequent. Secondary complications include dissocial behaviour and low self-esteem.
A group of disorders characterized by an early onset (usually in the first five years of life), lack of persistence in activities that require cognitive involvement, and a tendency to move from one activity to another without completing any one, together with disorganized, ill-regulated, and excessive activity. Several other abnormalities may be associated. Hyperkinetic children are often reckless and impulsive, prone to accidents, and find themselves in disciplinary trouble because of unthinking breaches of rules rather than deliberate defiance. Their relationships with adults are often socially disinhibited, with a lack of normal caution and reserve. They are unpopular with other children and may become isolated. Impairment of cognitive functions is common, and specific delays in motor and language development are disproportionately frequent. Secondary complications include dissocial behaviour and low self-esteem.
A group of disorders characterized by an early onset (usually in the first five years of life), lack of persistence in activities that require cognitive involvement, and a tendency to move from one activity to another without completing any one, together with disorganized, ill-regulated, and excessive activity. Several other abnormalities may be associated. Hyperkinetic children are often reckless and impulsive, prone to accidents, and find themselves in disciplinary trouble because of unthinking breaches of rules rather than deliberate defiance. Their relationships with adults are often socially disinhibited, with a lack of normal caution and reserve. They are unpopular with other children and may become isolated. Impairment of cognitive functions is common, and specific delays in motor and language development are disproportionately frequent. Secondary complications include dissocial behaviour and low self-esteem.
A group of disorders characterized by an early onset (usually in the first five years of life), lack of persistence in activities that require cognitive involvement, and a tendency to move from one activity to another without completing any one, together with disorganized, ill-regulated, and excessive activity. Several other abnormalities may be associated. Hyperkinetic children are often reckless and impulsive, prone to accidents, and find themselves in disciplinary trouble because of unthinking breaches of rules rather than deliberate defiance. Their relationships with adults are often socially disinhibited, with a lack of normal caution and reserve. They are unpopular with other children and may become isolated. Impairment of cognitive functions is common, and specific delays in motor and language development are disproportionately frequent. Secondary complications include dissocial behaviour and low self-esteem.
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