represent [ repri'zent] vt.描绘；代表；象征
represent [7ri:pri'zent] vt. 代表,象征
represent [repri'zent] v.表示，表现，代表
三个代表 three represents theory (The Party should always represent the development needs of China's advanced social productive forces, always represent the onward direction of China's advanced culture, and always represent the fundamental interests of the largest member of the Chinese people.)
谨同函寄上新开定期存款第500号存折一份, 面额100,000元, 请查收为荷。该面额等于您寄来换新的旧存=折本金加上利息之和。
Enclosed please find a new deposit certificate No. 500 for $100,000, which represents the principal and interest of the old certificate you sent us for renewal.
The Beatles represented part of the spirit of their age.
甲壳虫乐队代表了他们时代的部分精神。
Books only partially represent their authors.
图书只是部分地体现了作者。
This painting represents a storm at sea.
这幅图画表现了大海起风暴的情景。
The red lines on this map represent railway tracks.
地图上的红线代表铁路。
The manager couldn't go to the meeting, so his secretary represented him.
经理不能去开会，所以他的秘书代表他去。
He got a chance to represent China at the Olympic Games the next year.
他有机会在第二年代表中国参加奥运会。
He does not clearly represent the stages of painting a picture.
他没有讲清楚绘画的步骤。
The Beatles represented part of the spirit of their age.甲壳虫乐队代表了他们时代的部分精神。
表示 signification; evince; express; indicate; marked; means; represent; show; typification; denote
表现 representation; exhibition; manifest; performance; rendering; represent; show; display
代表 stand for; commissary; delegate; deputation; deputy; represent; representative; commissar
代表 [dài biǎo] /representative/delegate/to represent/to stand for/
当 [dàng] /at or in the very same.../to pawn/suitable/adequate/fitting/proper/replace/represent/
三个代表 [sān gè dài biǎo] /the Three Represents of Jiang Zemin/
"Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace?" asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shipper.
“我们是否真的想让铁路公司成为在市场上决定谁败谁荣的裁决者呢？”马丁·贝科维奇问道。他是一位常常代表铁路客户的华盛顿律师。
Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture.
因此，在19世纪，局部的地质研究本身就可形成一种有价值的研究；而到了20世纪，如果局部的研究能够被专业人员接受，那么它越来越倾向于必须体现或思考更广阔的地质面貌。
Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way.
另一方面业余人员继续以旧的方式从事局部的研究。
The growth of the limited liability company and municipal business had important consequences.
有限责任公司及市政企业的发展导致了重大后果。
Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.
对资本与企业的如此大规模的非个人操纵大大地增加了作为一个阶级的持股人的数量及其地位的重要性。他们在国民生活中代表着非责任性的财富，与土地及土地所有者责任相分离，几乎也同样与企业的责任经营相分离。
If you see an article consistently advertised, it is the surest proof I know that the article does what is claimed for it, and that it represents good value.
如果你看到一种商品不断地打广告，我认为这是最可靠的证明，即此商品一定与其宣传名副其实，一定体现良好的价值。
{adj: Roman} characteristic of the modern type that most directly represents the type used in ancient Roman inscriptions
{adj: abstract, abstractionist, nonfigurative, nonobjective} not representing or imitating external reality or the objects of nature
"a large abstract painting"
{adj: archetypal, archetypical, prototypal, prototypic, prototypical} representing or constituting an original type after which other similar things are patterned
"archetypal patterns"
"she was the prototypal student activist"
{adj: closed-chain, closed-ring} having atoms linked by bonds represented in circular or triangular form
{adj: conventional, formal, schematic} represented in simplified or symbolic form
{adj: cross-section, cross-sectional} representing a plane made by cutting across something at right angles to its length
"cross-section views of the neck"
{adj: crowning} representing a level of the highest possible achievement or attainment
"the crowning accomplishment of his career"
{adj: delineated, represented, delineate} represented accurately or precisely
<-> undelineated
{adj: democratic, popular} representing or appealing to or adapted for the benefit of the people at large
"democratic art forms"
"a democratic or popular movement"
"popular thought"
"popular science"
"popular fiction"
{adj: depicted, pictured, portrayed} represented graphically by sketch or design or lines
{adj: described} represented in words especially with sharpness and detail
"the vividly described wars"
{adj: diagrammatic, diagrammatical} shown or represented by diagrams
{adj: digital} of a circuit or device that represents magnitudes in digits
"digital computer"
<-> analogue
{adj: early} of an early stage in the development of a language or literature
"the Early Hebrew alphabetical script is that used mainly from the 11th to the 6th centuries B.C."
"Early Modern English is represented in documents printed from 1476 to 1700"
<-> middle, late
{adj: exaggerated, overdone, overstated} represented as greater than is true or reasonable
"an exaggerated opinion of oneself"
{adj: flattering} showing or representing to advantage
"a flattering color"
<-> unflattering
{adj: full-length} representing the full height of the human figure
"a full-length portrait"
{adj: half-length} representing only the upper half of the body
"a half-length portrait"
{adj: naturalistic, realistic} representing what is real; not abstract or ideal
"realistic portraiture"
"a realistic novel"
"in naturalistic colors"
"the school of naturalistic writers"
{adj: nonconscious} concerning mental functioning that is not represented in consciousness
"nonconscious psychic processes"
{adj: ostensible, ostensive} represented or appearing as such; pretended
"His ostensible purpose was charity, his real goal popularity"
{adj: photographic} representing people or nature with the exactness and fidelity of a photograph
{adj: quintessential} representing the perfect example of a class or quality
{adj: representative} serving to represent or typify
"representative moviegoers"
"a representative modern play"
{adj: salient} represented as leaping (rampant but leaning forward)
{adj: still} used of pictures; of a single or static photograph not presented so as to create the illusion of motion; or representing objects not capable of motion
"a still photograph"
"Cezanne's still life of apples"
<-> moving
{adj: syllabic} of or relating to syllables
"syllabic accent"
"syllabic characters each represent a syllable"
{adj: three-quarter, three-quarter-length} representing three quarters of something
"a three-quarter-length portrait"
"a three-quarter view"
{adj: true-to-life, true to life} representing things or actions or conditions as they actually are
"the novel about ghetto life was true to life"
"true-to-life duck decoys"
{adj: unanalyzable, undecomposable} representing the furthest possible extent of analysis or division into parts
"a feeling is a simple and undecomposable mental state"- G.S.Brett
"this weight of evidence is something mystical and unanalyzable"-M.R.Cohen
{adj: undelineated} not represented accurately or precisely
<-> delineated
{adj: undrawn} not represented in a drawing
{adj: unflattering, uncomplimentary} showing or representing unfavorably
"an unflattering portrait"
"an uncomplimentary dress"
<-> flattering
{adj: unshaded} (of pictures) not having shadow represented
"unshaded drawings resembling cartoons"
<-> shaded
{adv: amply, richly} to an ample degree or in an ample manner
"these voices were amply represented"
"we benefited richly"
<-> meagerly
{adv: lexically} by means of words
"lexically represented"
{adv: luxuriantly} in an elegantly luxuriant way
"this suave, culture-loving and luxuriantly good-looking M.P.represents the car-workers of Coventry"
{adv: meagerly, sparingly, slenderly, meagrely} to a meager degree or in a meager manner
"these voices are meagerly represented at the conference"
"the area is slenderly endowed with natural resources"
<-> amply
{adv: variously, diversely, multifariously} in diverse ways
"the alternatives that are variously represented by the participants"
"the speakers treated the subject most diversely"
{n: ASCII character} any member of the standard code for representing characters by binary numbers
{n: American Standard Code for Information Interchange, ASCII} (computer science) a code for information exchange between computers made by different companies; a string of 7 binary digits represents each character; used in most microcomputers
{n: Argonautidae, family Argonautidae} represented solely by the genus Argonauta
{n: Bast} cat- or lion-headed Egyptian goddess; represents life-giving power of the sun
{n: Boskop man} possible early Homo sapiens represented by a cranium found in the Transvaal; formerly considered a separate species
{n: Buddhism} a religion represented by the many groups (especially in Asia) that profess various forms of the Buddhist doctrine and that venerate Buddha
{n: Connemara heath, St. Dabeoc's heath, Daboecia cantabrica} low straggling evergreen shrub of western Europe represented by several varieties with flowers from white to rose-purple
{n: Crown Colony} a British colony controlled by the British Crown, represented by a governor
{n: Ginkgoales, order Ginkgoales} coextensive with the family Ginkgoaceae: plants that first appeared in the Permian and now represented by a single surviving species; often included in Coniferales
{n: IOU} an informal debt instrument; representing `I owe you'
{n: Labanotation} a system of notation for dance movements that uses symbols to represent points on a dancer's body and the direction of the dancer's movement and the tempo and the dynamics
{n: Ludi Saeculares, secular games} the centennial rites and games of ancient Rome that marked the commencement of a new generation (100 years representing the longest life in a generation); observances may have begun as early as the 5th century BC and lasted well into the Christian era
{n: Main Street} any small town (or the people who inhabit it); generally used to represent parochialism and materialism (after a novel by Sinclair Lewis)
"Main Street will never vote for a liberal politician"
{n: Melchior} (New Testament) one of the three sages from the east who came bearing gifts for the infant Jesus; usually represented as a king of Nubia
{n: Morse, Morse code, international Morse code} a telegraph code in which letters and numbers are represented by strings of dots and dashes (short and long signals)
{n: Pan, goat god} (Greek mythology) god of fields and woods and shepherds and flocks; represented as a man with goat's legs and horns and ears; identified with Roman Sylvanus or Faunus
{n: Passion play} a play representing the Passion of Christ
{n: Quetzalcoatl} an Aztec deity represented as a plumed serpent
{n: Roman numeral} a symbol in the old Roman notation; I,V,X,L,C,D,M represent 1,5,10,50,100,500,1000 respectively in Arabic notation
<-> Arabic numeral
{n: Stations, Stations of the Cross} (Roman Catholic Church) a devotion consisting of fourteen prayers said before a series of fourteen pictures or carvings representing successive incidents during Jesus' passage from Pilate's house to his crucifixion at Calvary
{n: Sufi} a Muslim who represents the mystical dimension of Islam; a Muslim who seeks direct experience of Allah; mainly in Iran
{n: Venn diagram, Venn's diagram} a diagram that uses circles to represent set theory; the position and overlap of the circles indicate the relations among the sets
{n: Zu, Zubird} evil storm god represented as a black bird
{n: acrophony} naming a letter of the alphabet by using a word whose initial sound is the sound represented by that letter
{n: adhocracy} an organization with little or no structure
"the choice between bureaucracy and adhocracy represents a common dilemma"
"the need for informational flexibility can lead to adhocracy"
{n: alderman} a member of a municipal legislative body (as a city council)
"aldermen usually represent city wards"
{n: ampersand} a punctuation mark (&) used to represent conjunction (and)
{n: analog computer, analogue computer} a computer that represents information by variable quantities (e.g., positions or voltages)
{n: analog watch} a watch that represents time by the position of hands on a dial
{n: angiocardiogram} a series of X rays representing the action of the heart and its blood vessels after the injection of a radiopaque substance
{n: antitype} a person or thing represented or foreshadowed by a type or symbol; especially a figure in the Old Testament having a counterpart in the New Testament
{n: billion, one million million, 1000000000000} the number that is represented as a one followed by 12 zeros; in the United Kingdom the usage followed in the United States is frequently seen
{n: billion, one thousand million, 1000000000} the number that is represented as a one followed by 9 zeros
{n: binary code} code using a string of 8 binary digits to represent characters
{n: bitmap, electronic image} an image represented as a two dimensional array of brightness values for pixels
{n: block vote} a vote proportional in magnitude to the number of people that a delegate represents
{n: braille} a point system of writing in which patterns of raised dots represent letters and numerals
{n: byte} a sequence of 8 bits (enough to represent one character of alphanumeric data) processed as a single unit of information
{n: center of mass, centre of mass} point representing the mean position of the matter in a body
{n: character, grapheme, graphic symbol} a written symbol that is used to represent speech
"the Greek alphabet has 24 characters"
{n: checksum} a digit representing the sum of the digits in an instance of digital data; used to check whether errors have occurred in transmission or storage
{n: chip, poker chip} a small disk-shaped counter used to represent money when gambling
{n: choreography} the representation of dancing by symbols as music is represented by notes
{n: coding system} a system of signals used to represent letters or numbers in transmitting messages
{n: constant} a number representing a quantity assumed to have a fixed value in a specified mathematical context
"the velocity of light is a constant"
{n: constituent} a member of a constituency; a citizen who is represented in a government by officials for whom he or she votes
"needs continued support by constituents to be re-elected"
{n: correlation coefficient, coefficient of correlation, correlation} a statistic representing how closely two variables co-vary; it can vary from -1 (perfect negative correlation) through 0 (no correlation) to +1 (perfect positive correlation)
"what is the correlation between those two variables?"
{n: craft, trade} people who perform a particular kind of skilled work
"he represented the craft of brewers"
"as they say in the trade"
{n: crore} the number that is represented as a one followed by 7 zeros; ten million
{n: curve} a line on a graph representing data
{n: danse macabre, dance of death} a medieval dance in which a skeleton representing death leads a procession of others to the grave
{n: defense attorney, defense lawyer} the lawyer representing the defendant
{n: delegate} a person appointed or elected to represent others
{n: democracy, republic, commonwealth} a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them
{n: demonization, demonisation} to represent as diabolically evil
"the demonization of our enemies"
{n: depersonalization, depersonalisation, reification} representing a human being as a physical thing deprived of personal qualities or individuality
"according to Marx, treating labor as a commodity exemplified the reification of the individual"
{n: deputy, surrogate} a person appointed to represent or act on behalf of others
{n: description, verbal description} a statement that represents something in words
{n: digital computer} a computer that represents information by numerical (binary) digits
{n: digraph, digram} two successive letters (especially two letters used to represent a single sound: `sh' in `shoe')
{n: display, video display} an electronic device that represents information in visual form
{n: dithering} the process of representing intermediate colors by patterns of tiny colored dots that simulate the desired color
{n: dot matrix printer, matrix printer, dot printer} a printer that represents each character as a pattern of dots from a dot matrix
{n: dragon, firedrake} a creature of Teutonic mythology; usually represented as breathing fire and having a reptilian body and sometimes wings
{n: dummy} a figure representing the human form
{n: eagle} an emblem representing power
"the Roman eagle"
{n: ecliptic} the great circle representing the apparent annual path of the sun; the plane of the Earth's orbit around the sun; makes an angle of about 23 degrees with the equator
"all of the planets rotate the sun in approximately the same ecliptic"
{n: egality, egalite} social and political equality
"egality represents an extreme leveling of society"
{n: emblem, allegory} a visible symbol representing an abstract idea
{n: emblem} special design or visual object representing a quality, type, group, etc.
{n: emissary, envoy} someone sent on a mission to represent the interests of someone else
{n: engram, memory trace} a postulated biochemical change (presumably in neural tissue) that represents a memory
{n: extenuation, mitigation} a partial excuse to mitigate censure; an attempt to represent an offense as less serious than it appears by showing mitigating circumstances
{n: fictional character, fictitious character, character} an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)
"she is the main character in the novel"
{n: figuration} representing figuratively as by emblem or allegory
{n: fixed-point number} a number represented in fixed-point notation
{n: floating-point notation, floating-point representation system} a radix numeration system in which the location of the decimal point is indicated by an exponent of the radix; in the floating-point representation system, 0.0012 is represented as 0.12-2 where -2 is the exponent
{n: floating-point number} a number represented in floating-point notation
{n: form, word form, signifier, descriptor} the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something
"the inflected forms of a word can be represented by a stem and a list of inflections to be attached"
{n: formalism} the doctrine that formal structure rather than content is what should be represented
<-> imitation
{n: fractal} (mathematics) a geometric pattern that is repeated at every scale and so cannot be represented by classical geometry
{n: globe} a sphere on which a map (especially of the earth) is represented
{n: googolplex} a cardinal number represented as 1 followed by a googol of zeros (ten raised to the power of a googol)
{n: googol} a cardinal number represented as 1 followed by 100 zeros (ten raised to the power of a hundred)
{n: heather, ling, Scots heather, broom, Calluna vulgaris} common Old World heath represented by many varieties; low evergreen grown widely in the northern hemisphere
{n: histogram} a bar chart representing a frequency distribution; heights of the bars represent observed frequencies
{n: hypertext} machine-readable text that is not sequential but is organized so that related items of information are connected
"Let me introduce the word hypertext to mean a body of written or pictorial material interconnected in such a complex way that it could not conveniently be presented or represented on paper"--Ted Nelson
{n: imitation, counterfeit, forgery} a copy that is represented as the original
{n: improvement, melioration} a condition superior to an earlier condition
"the new school represents a great improvement"
<-> decline
{n: indicative mood, indicative, declarative mood, declarative, common mood, fact mood} a mood (grammatically unmarked) that represents the act or state as an objective fact
{n: interpreter} someone who uses art to represent something
"his paintings reveal a sensitive interpreter of nature"
"she was famous as an interpreter of Shakespearean roles"
{n: joint-stock company} a company (usually unincorporated) which has the capital of its members pooled in a common fund; transferable shares represent ownership interest; shareholders are legally liable for all debts of the company
{n: letter, letter of the alphabet, alphabetic character} the conventional characters of the alphabet used to represent speech
"his grandmother taught him his letters"
{n: literary agent} an agent who represents an author is dealings with publishers
{n: logogram, logograph} a single written symbol that represents an entire word or phrase without indicating its pronunciation
"7 is a logogram that is pronounced `seven' in English and `nanatsu' in Japanese"
{n: magnetic storage medium, magnetic medium, magnetic storage} any storage medium in which different patterns of magnetization are used to represent stored bits or bytes of information
"the hard disk in you computer is magnetic storage"
{n: manual alphabet, finger alphabet} an alphabet used by the deaf; letters are represented by finger positions
{n: mezzotint} print produced by an engraving that has been scraped to represent light or shade
{n: million, 1000000, one thousand thousand, meg} the number that is represented as a one followed by 6 zeros
{n: minister, diplomatic minister} a diplomat representing one government to another; ranks below ambassador
{n: miracle play} a medieval play representing episodes from the life of a saint or martyr
{n: mise en scene, stage setting, setting} arrangement of scenery and properties to represent the place where a play or movie is enacted
{n: model, modelling, modeling} the act of representing something (usually on a smaller scale)
{n: mystery play} a medieval play representing episodes from the life of Christ
{n: naturalness} the likeness of a representation to the thing represented
"engineers strove to increase the naturalness of recorded music"
{n: neoconservatism} an approach to politics or theology that represents a return to a traditional point of view (in contrast to more liberal or radical schools of thought of the 1960s)
{n: noble cane} sugarcanes representing the highest development of the species; characterized by large juicy stalks with soft rinds and high sugar content
{n: normal curve, bell-shaped curve, Gaussian curve, Gaussian shape} a symmetrical curve representing the normal distribution
{n: notation, notational system} a technical system of symbols used to represent special things
{n: notation} the activity of representing something by a special system of marks or characters
{n: note, musical note, tone} a notation representing the pitch and duration of a musical sound
"the singer held the note too long"
{n: numeral, number} a symbol used to represent a number
"he learned to write the numerals before he went to school"
{n: objectification} the act of representing an abstraction as a physical thing
{n: octillion} the number that is represented as a one followed by 27 zeros
{n: one, 1, I, ace, single, unity} the smallest whole number or a numeral representing this number
"he has the one but will need a two and three to go with it"
"they had lunch at one"
{n: one-dimensional language} a programming language whose expressions are represented by strings of characters
<-> multidimensional language
{n: operator} (mathematics) a symbol that represents a function from functions to functions
"the integral operator"
{n: organized labor} employees who are represented by a labor union
{n: origami} the Japanese art of folding paper into shapes representing objects (e.g., flowers or birds)
{n: orthography, writing system} a method of representing the sounds of a language by written or printed symbols
{n: panorama, cyclorama, diorama} a picture (or series of pictures) representing a continuous scene
{n: partial veil, velum} membrane of the young sporophore of various mushrooms extending from the margin of the cap to the stem and is ruptured by growth; represented in mature mushroom by an annulus around the stem and sometimes a cortina on the margin of the cap
{n: peneplain, peneplane} a more or less level land surface representing and advanced stage of erosion undisturbed by crustal movements
{n: personification, prosopopoeia} representing an abstract quality or idea as a person or creature
{n: personification} a person who represents an abstract quality
"she is the personification of optimism"
{n: phase space} (physics) an ideal space in which the coordinate dimensions represent the variables that are required to describe a system or substance
"a multidimensional phase space"
{n: phi coefficient, phi correlation, fourfold point correlation} an index of the relation between any two sets of scores that can both be represented on ordered binary dimensions (e.g., male-female)
{n: phonetic alphabet, sound alphabet} an alphabet of characters intended to represent specific sounds of speech
{n: phonetic symbol} a written character used in phonetic transcription of represent a particular speech sound
{n: phonetic transcription} a transcription intended to represent each distinct speech sound with a separate symbol
{n: planetarium} an apparatus or model for representing the solar systems
{n: plaza, mall, center, shopping mall, shopping center, shopping centre} mercantile establishment consisting of a carefully landscaped complex of shops representing leading merchandisers; usually includes restaurants and a convenient parking area; a modern version of the traditional marketplace
"a good plaza should have a movie house"
"they spent their weekends at the local malls"
{n: plenipotentiary} a diplomat who is fully authorized to represent his or her government
{n: portrayal, characterization, enactment, personation} acting the part of a character on stage; dramatically representing the character by speech and action and gesture
{n: positional notation, positional representation system} a numeration system in which a real number is represented by an ordered set of characters where the value of a character depends on its position
{n: predicate calculus, functional calculus} a system of symbolic logic that represents individuals and predicates and quantification over individuals (as well as the relations between propositions)
{n: prefiguration, foreshadowing, adumbration} the act of providing vague advance indications; representing beforehand
{n: press corps} a group of journalists representing different publications who all cover the same topics
"the White House press corps"
{n: profile} an analysis (often in graphical form) representing the extent to which something exhibits various characteristics
"a biochemical profile of blood"
"a psychological profile of serial killers"
{n: public defender} a lawyer who represents indigent defendants at public expense
{n: quadrillion} the number that is represented as a one followed by 15 zeros
{n: quadrillion} the number that is represented as a one followed by 24 zeros
"in England they call a septillion a quadrillion"
{n: quantity} something that has a magnitude and can be represented in mathematical expressions by a constant or a variable
{n: quantum leap, quantum jump} a sudden large increase or advance
"this may not insure success but it will represent a quantum leap from last summer"
{n: quartering} a coat of arms that occupies one quarter of an escutcheon; combining four coats of arms on one shield usually represented intermarriages
{n: quintillion} the number that is represented as a one followed by 18 zeros
{n: radiation field} a field that represents the energy lost from the radiator to space
{n: randomness, entropy, S} (thermodynamics) a thermodynamic quantity representing the amount of energy in a system that is no longer available for doing mechanical work
"entropy increases as matter and energy in the universe degrade to an ultimate state of inert uniformity"
{n: realist} a painter who represents the world realistically and not in an idealized or romantic style
{n: rebus} a puzzle where you decode a message consisting of pictures representing syllables and words
{n: regression coefficient} when the regression line is linear (y = ax + b) the regression coefficient is the constant (a) that represents the rate of change of one variable (y) as a function of changes in the other (x); it is the slope of the regression line
{n: regression equation, regression of y on x} the equation representing the relation between selected values of one variable (x) and observed values of the other (y); it permits the prediction of the most probable values of y
{n: representational process} any basic cognitive process in which some entity comes to stand for or represent something else
{n: representation} the act of representing; standing in for someone or some group and speaking with authority in their behalf
{n: representation} the right of being represented by delegates who have a voice in some legislative body
{n: representative} a person who represents others
{n: restoration} a model that represents the landscape of a former geological age or that represents and extinct animal etc.
{n: salesperson, sales representative, sales rep} a person employed to represent a business and to sell its merchandise (as to customers in a store or to customers who are visited)
{n: septillion} the number that is represented as a one followed by 24 zeros
{n: sextillion} the number that is represented as a one followed by 21 zeros
{n: shop steward, steward} a union member who is elected to represent fellow workers in negotiating with management
{n: signal} an electric quantity (voltage or current or field strength) whose modulation represents coded information about the source from which it comes
{n: simulation, computer simulation} (computer science) the technique of representing the real world by a computer program
"a simulation should imitate the internal processes and not merely the results of the thing being simulated"
{n: simulative electronic deception, electronic simulative deception} actions to represent friendly notional or actual capabilities to mislead hostile forces
{n: sketch map} a map drawn from observation (rather than from exact measurements) and representing the main features of an area
{n: spokesperson, interpreter, representative, voice} an advocate who represents someone else's policy or purpose
"the meeting was attended by spokespersons for all the major organs of government"
{n: statistical method, statistical procedure} a method of analyzing or representing statistical data; a procedure for calculating a statistic
{n: statistic} a datum that can be represented numerically
{n: statue} a sculpture representing a human or animal
{n: stick figure} drawing of a human of animal that represents the head by a circle and the rest of the body by straight lines
{n: stock company} a company whose capital is represented by stock
{n: subjunctive mood, subjunctive} a mood that represent an act or state (not as a fact but) as contingent or possible
{n: superintendent, super} a caretaker for an apartment house; represents the owner as janitor and rent collector
{n: surrealism} a 20th century movement of artists and writers (developing out of dadaism) who used fantastic images and incongruous juxtapositions in order to represent unconscious thoughts and dreams
{n: syllabary, syllabic script} a writing system whose characters represent syllables
{n: symbol, symbolization, symbolisation, symbolic representation} something visible that by association or convention represents something else that is invisible
"the eagle is a symbol of the United States"
{n: symbolizing, symbolising} the act of representing something with a symbol
{n: syndic} one appointed to represent a city or university or corporation in business transactions
{n: talent agent} an agent who represents performers
{n: tarot card, tarot} any of a set of (usually 72) cards that include 22 cards representing virtues and vices and death and fortune etc.; used by fortunetellers
{n: television equipment, video equipment} electronic equipment that broadcasts or receives electromagnetic waves representing images and sound
{n: theme song} a melody that recurs and comes to represent a musical play or movie
{n: think piece} an article in a newspaper or magazine or journal that represents opinions and ideas and discussion rather than bare facts
{n: title} (usually plural) written material introduced into a movie or TV show to give credits or represent dialogue or explain an action
"the titles go by faster than I can read"
{n: transcriber} someone who represents the sounds of speech in phonetic notation
{n: trillion, one million million million} the number that is represented as a one followed by 18 zeros
"in England they call a quintillion a trillion"
{n: trillion, one million million, 1000000000000} the number that is represented as a one followed by 12 zeros
"in England they call a trillion a billion"
{n: tropic} either of two parallels of latitude about 23.5 degrees north and south of the equator representing the points farthest north and south at which the sun can shine directly overhead and constituting the boundaries of the Torrid Zone or tropics
{n: two, 2, II, deuce} the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number
{n: typification} the act of representing by a type or symbol; the action of typifying
{n: unicorn} an imaginary creature represented as a white horse with a long horn growing from its forehead
{n: unit investment trust, unit trust} a regulated investment company consisting of professional managers who issue redeemable securities representing a portfolio of many different securities
"you can invest in a unit investment trust for as little as $1000"
{n: universal veil, velum} membrane initially completely investing the young sporophore of various mushrooms that is ruptured by growth; represented in the mature mushroom by a volva around lower part of stem and scales on upper surface of the cap
{n: variable} a symbol (like x or y) that is used in mathematical or logical expressions to represent a variable quantity
{n: varsity, first team} a team representing a college or university
{n: voiceprint} biometric identification by electronically recording and graphically representing a person's voice
"voiceprints are uniquely characteristic of individual speakers"
{n: watered stock} stock representing ownership of overvalued assets; stock of a corporation whose total worth is less than its invested capital
{n: weight, weighting} (statistics) a coefficient assigned to elements of a frequency distribution in order to represent their relative importance
{n: wire matrix printer, wire printer, stylus printer} an impact printer in which each character is represented by a pattern of dots made by wires or styli
{n: works council} (chiefly Brit) a council representing employer and employees of a plant or business to discuss working conditions etc; also: a committee representing the workers elected to negotiate with management about grievances and wages etc
{n: writing} letters or symbols written or imprinted on a surface to represent the sounds or words of a language
"he turned the paper over so the writing wouldn't show"
"the doctor's writing was illegible"
{n: zodiac} (astrology) a circular diagram representing the 12 zodiacal constellations and showing their signs
{v: act out} represent an incident, state, or emotion by action, especially on stage
"She could act neurotic anxiety"
{v: act, play, represent} play a role or part
"Gielgud played Hamlet"
"She wants to act Lady Macbeth, but she is too young for the role"
"She played the servant to her husband's master"
{v: actualize, actualise} represent or describe realistically
{v: animalize, animalise} represent in the form of an animal
{v: capture} succeed in representing or expressing something intangible
"capture the essence of Spring"
"capture an idea"
{v: caricature, ape} represent in or produce a caricature of
"The drawing caricatured the President"
{v: charcoal} draw, trace, or represent with charcoal
{v: constitute, represent, make up, comprise, be} form or compose
"This money is my only income"
"The stone wall was the backdrop for the performance"
"These constitute my entire belonging"
"The children made up the chorus"
"This sum represents my entire income for a year"
"These few men comprise his entire army"
{v: defend, represent} be the defense counsel for someone in a trial
"Ms. Smith will represent the defendant"
<-> prosecute
{v: dramatize, dramatise} represent something in a dramatic manner
"These events dramatize the lack of social responsibility among today's youth"
{v: draw} represent by making a drawing of, as with a pencil, chalk, etc. on a surface
"She drew an elephant"
"Draw me a horse"
{v: embody, be, personify} represent, as of a character on stage
"Derek Jacobi was Hamlet"
{v: embody} represent or express something abstract in tangible form
"This painting embodies the feelings of the Romantic period"
{v: enact, reenact, act out} act out ; represent or perform as if in a play
"She reenacted what had happened earlier that day"
{v: engage} ask to represent ; of legal counsel
"I'm retaining a lawyer"
{v: exemplify, represent} be characteristic of
"This compositional style is exemplified by this fugue"
{v: form, constitute, make} to compose or represent:"This wall forms the background of the stage setting"
"The branches made a roof"
"This makes a fine introduction"
{v: fund} convert (short-term floating debt) into long-term debt that bears fixed interest and is represented by bonds
{v: graph, chart} represent by means of a graph
"chart the data"
{v: impersonate} represent another person with comic intentions
{v: incarnate, body forth, embody, substantiate} represent in bodily form
"He embodies all that is evil wrong with the system"
"The painting substantiates the feelings of the artist"
{v: instantiate} represent by an instance
"This word instantiates the usage that the linguists claimed to be typical for a certain dialect"
{v: make, pretend, make believe} represent fictitiously, as in a play, or pretend to be or act like
"She makes like an actress"
{v: map, represent} to establish a mapping (of mathematical elements or sets)
{v: misrepresent, belie} represent falsely
"This statement misrepresents my intentions"
{v: portray, present} represent in a painting, drawing, sculpture, or verbally
"The father is portrayed as a good-looking man in this painting"
{v: present, represent, lay out} bring forward and present to the mind
"We presented the arguments to him"
"We cannot represent this knowledge to our formal reason"
{v: profile} represent in profile, by drawing or painting
{v: represent, interpret} create an image or likeness of
"The painter represented his wife as a young girl"
{v: represent, stand for, correspond} take the place of or be parallel or equivalent to
"Because of the sound changes in the course of history, an 'h' in Greek stands for an 's' in Latin"
{v: represent} be a delegate or spokesperson for ; represent somebody's interest or be a proxy or substitute for, as of politicians and office holders representing their constituents, or of a tenant representing other tenants in a housing dispute
"I represent the silent majority"
"This actor is a spokesperson for the National Rifle Association"
{v: represent} be representative or typical for
"This period is represented by Beethoven"
{v: represent} describe or present, usually with respect to a particular quality
"He represented this book as an example of the Russian 19th century novel"
{v: represent} point out or draw attention to in protest or remonstrance
"our parents represented to us the need for more caution"
{v: represent} serve as a means of expressing something
"The flower represents a young girl"
{v: sensualize, carnalize} represent materialistically, as in a painting or a sculpture
{v: shade, fill in} represent the effect of shade or shadow on
{v: silhouette} represent by a silhouette
{v: solmizate} sing using syllables like `do', `re' and `mi' to represent the tones of the scale
"The voice teacher showed the students how to solmizate"
{v: speak for} be a spokesperson for
"He represents the Government's position"
{v: stage, present, represent} perform (a play), especially on a stage
"we are going to stage `Othello'"
{v: stylize, stylise, conventionalize} represent according to a conventional style
"a stylized female head"
{v: symbolize, symbolise} represent or identify by using a symbol ; use symbols
"The poet symbolizes love in this poem"
"These painters believed that artists should symbolize"
{v: synchronize, synchronise, contemporize, contemporise} arrange or represent events so that they co-occur
"synchronize biblical events"
{v: typify, symbolize, symbolise, stand for, represent} express indirectly by an image, form, or model ; be a symbol
"What does the Statue of Liberty symbolize?"
{v: understate, minimize, minimise, downplay} represent as less significant or important
<-> overstate
Students like Hee and Tran represent what many educators fear is becoming an all-too-pervasive trend in American public schools, the creation of two separate and very unequal classes of computer haves and have-nots.
希和特兰这样的学生代表着许多教育工作者所担心的一种趋势，就是造成拥有计算机的和没有计算机的两个极不平等的阶层。这种趋势正在美国的公立学校中过度蔓延。
What we 're witnessing today in the realm of cyberspace--the online reformulation of everything from the way we play and learn to how we shop and trade stocks-- may represent no less a world-transforming change than the spectacular burst of creation so long ago.
我们今天在电脑领域中所看到的－在网上重新表示的每一件事物，从我们娱乐和学习的方式到我们购物和炒股的方式－可以代表一个改天换地的转变，不亚于很久以前那次壮观的生命突变。
( Many of the most outstanding Chinese American scholars, scientists, and artists are more recent arrivals, who come from China's former upper class and who represent its high cultural traditions.)
（许多最杰出的美籍华人学者、科学家和艺术家多是最近的新移民，他们来自中国昔日的上层社会，并代表了中国的高等文化传统。）
Secured atop the tallest branch, reaching heavenward, is a simple, precious star, reminding all that Christmas in our home is illuminated with the light of Christ, represented by the new star.
在那根最高的笔直向上的树枝顶端，紧紧地系着一颗简易而宝贵的星，这颗星代表耶稣基督，提醒人们我们家的圣诞节沐浴着耶稣基督的光辉。
By the end of 2001, a total of 250,000 panellists in 30 countries will have been recruited, collectively representing 92 per cent of the worlds Internet users.
到 2001年底，将在 30个国家吸收总共 25万名专门小组成员，共同代表 92％的世界互联网用户。
We feel that he represents life.
我们觉得他展现了生命。
The answer to this question depends on whether we believe the figure represents a man or a god.
答案要看我们是把他当作人还是神。
The Thinker represents the artist.
《思想者》代表着艺术家本人。
It is possible that Rodin meant The Thinker to be a self-portrait. He was an egotistical person.
《思想者》可能就是罗丹的自身画像，因为他很自负。
Sequencing the human genome will represent a closure of sorts for the revolution wrought by those two geniuses.
为人类基因组（染色体组）测序将意味着由这两位天才所发动的革命近乎结束。
Still, the 400 female pros and more than 1, 400 amateurs worldwide represent a five-fold increase over the numbers three years ago and have brought a corresponding increase in the game's popularity and skill.
即使如此，全世界仍有 400名女子职业拳击手和 1400多名女子业余选手。以她们为代表的这支队伍比三年前增加了五倍，并相应地扩大了这项运动的受欢迎程度，提高了它的技术水准。
A Night That Never Ends is a typical example of Howson's oeuvre, a multi-figure scene comprising individuals representing " the common man ".
《没有尽头的夜晚》是豪森的典型作品之一，是由表现 "普通人 "的许多个人组成的多人物场景画。
The difference mattered less two decades ago, when light weight trucks represented less than a fifth of new-car sales. 20年前，这个差别问题还不大，因为那时候轻型卡车销售量只占新车销售量的五分之一。
Within three years, the developing world will represent more than 50% of the Web.
三年之内，发展中国家将拥有 50%以上的互联使用量。
Lately bits have become important to everybody because we can represent anything as bits anything.
但最近，比特对每个人都变得重要起来，因为我们可以用比特来代表任何东西的是任何东西。
For Stalinists, relativity represented blatant capitalist individualism; for some church leaders, it meant ungodly atheism, even though Einstein, who had an impersonal Spinozan view of God, often spoke about trying to understand how the Lord shaped the universe.
对斯大林的支持者来说，相对论是资本主义个人主义的典型代表。尽管爱因斯坦对上帝持有一斯宾诺莎式的观点，多次表示要努力了解上帝是如何塑造宇宙的，但对某些教会领袖来说，这观点意味着无神论。
Rather it seems to him that Einstein's humane and democratic instincts are n ideal political model for the 21st century, representing the very best of this century as well as our highest hopes for the next.
相反，他觉得爱因斯坦的人道及民主本能是 21世纪的理想政治模范，代表了本世纪的思想精华，也代表了我们对下个世纪的美好憧憬。
At one point, it represents the sun, while smaller spheres, from a few inches to a few feet across, portray the eight planets.
在某个地方，球代表太阳，而直径从几英寸到几英尺不等的小球则代表八大行星。
A bit farther along, the sphere represents a molecule that dwarfs the foot-wide atom mounted to the railing.
再往前走不远，球代表的是一个分子，安装在栏杆上、直径仅为一英尺的原子相比不知大了多少倍。
Mark Brewer, an analyst at Dresdner Kleinwort Benson in London, noted that even with peak sales of 75,000 prescriptions a week, that represents a return of only about $2.8 million. it's not going to be a blockbuster, he said, nd it's a very seasonal drug.
伦敦德利佳活宾信证券公司的分析员马克·布鲁尔却指出，即便每周售出的 Relenza 处方达到最高的 75, 000份，利润也只有 280万美元。他说： Relenza 不可能成为一个巨型炸弹，何况它还是一季节性很强的药物。
" Astro Boy represented hope for Japan at a very difficult time, " says Junichi Murakami, sub-director of a museum near Osaka that honors Tezuka. " He emphasized science, not nature, because he wanted people to get rich from science. "
位于大阪附近的手冢治虫纪念馆副馆长村上顺一说：铁臂阿童木代表了日本在困难时期的一种希望。他强调科学而非自然，因为他想让人们借助科学走向富裕。
" The economy has been sluggish, but he always represented hope for the future.
经济一直不景气，但是它代表了未来的希望。
That figure represents 6% of the overall expenses of the German health system.
这个数目相当于德国医疗保健系统总费用的 6%。
If one begins by examining why ancients refer to Amazons, it becomes clear that ancient Greek descriptions of such societies were meant not so much to represent observed historical fact—real Amazonian societies—but rather to offer "moral lessons" on the supposed outcome of women's rule in their own society.
如果我们首先作一番审视，古人为何会提及亚马孙人，情况将会变得显而易见，即古希腊对这些社会所作的描述，与其说意欲再现亲眼目睹的历史事实——真正的亚马孙社会——还不如说是要针对女性在他们自己的社会中实行统治所可能产生的后果，提供“道德训导”（moral lesson）。
Islam, on the other hand, represented a radical breakaway from the Arab paganism that preceded it; Islamic law is the result of an examination from a religious angle, of legal subject matter that was far from uniform, comprising as it did the various components of the laws of pre-Islamic Arabia and numerous legal elements taken over from the non-Arab peoples of the conquered territories.
另一方面，伊斯兰教则代表着与此前存在的阿拉伯异教（Arab paganism）的一种根本上的决裂；伊斯兰法是从宗教的角度，对各种杂乱无章、绝无共同点的法律内容进行考察所致的结果，而这些法律内容实际上是由前伊斯兰阿拉伯国家（Pre-Islamic Arabia）法律的不尽相同的组成部分以及由从被征服的土地上非阿拉伯民族借鉴过来的无数法律因素所构成。
Fertilizer prices, largely tied to the price of natural gas, huge amounts of which go into the manufacture of fertilizer, will continue to represent an enormous and escalating economic burden on modern agriculture, spurring the search for alternatives to synthetic fertilizers.
化肥的价格在很大程度上与天然气的价格相关，而在制造化肥的过程中须消耗大量的天然气，故化肥价格将会继续对现代农业构成一种巨额的不断升级的经济负担，从而刺激人们去寻找合成化肥的替代手段。
Webb argues that the colonial legislative assemblies represented the interests not of the common people but of the colonial upper classes, a coalition of merchants and nobility who favored self-rule and sought to elevate legislative authority at the expense of the executive.
韦伯指出，殖民地立法议会所代表的，不是普通民众的利益，而是殖民地上层阶级的利益。
这一上层阶级由商人和贵族联合而成，赞成殖民地自治，并力图以行政权为代价来提高立法权。
The new world order would be ruled together by a male, to represent reflection, and a female, to represent sentiment.
世界新秩序将由一男性和一女性联合统治，男性代表理性反思（reflection），女性则象征情感（sentiment）。
Laksmi Mittal an Indian born steel tycoon enjoyed the biggest increase in personal fortune. His net worth has quadrupled to thirteen billion dollars making him the world＇third richest man. Ingvar Kamprad founder of the Swedish furniture chain Ikea also saw a big increase in wealth taking him to sixth place. Developing countries make more of a showing than in past years - there are for example three Russians and four Indians in the top sixty richest people though surprisingly perhaps none from China excluding Hong Kong. Asian wealth is probably under-represented as its usually spread among families whereas Forbes looks at individuals.
出生在印度的钢铁大亨拉什米-米塔尔的个人财富增长最快，他的净资产增长了四倍达130亿美元，使他成为了世界上第三位富有的人。瑞典宜家家居的创始人英格瓦-卡普拉德也因财富的迅速增长而上升到了第六位。发展中国家同过去相比已经有了善好的表现。除香港外，尽管前60名中没有一个来自中国内地，但是却有3个俄罗斯人和4个印度人进入。不过亚洲的统计可能不具代表性，因为他们通常都是家族式发展，而《福布斯》看重的是个人。
The decision on debt cancellation represents the first victory for Britain in its three-pronged approach to making poverty history in Africa. Gordon Brown acknowledges that much work remains on boosting relief funds and on dismantling present trade barriers that greatly affect exports from developing countries.
免除债务的决定标志着英国根除非洲贫穷的三大措施首战告捷。布朗承认，在增加援助基金，消除贸易壁垒方面还有很多工作要做，贸易壁垒严重影响了发展中国家的出口贸易。
One year ago today, the ace of spades in the infamous deck of 55 cards representing the most-wanted people in Iraq, was taken into custody. Saddam was found by American forces, hiding in a hole not far from where the former dictator was born.
一年前的12月13日，伊拉克被通缉的55名要犯的扑克牌中，黑桃A萨达姆·侯赛因被逮捕。萨达姆是被美军在距离他的出生地点不远的一个地洞里发现的。
College student Ahmed Ali said that this is the first time he has heard of the national council.He added that the most important thing is holding a free election to choose a government that will represent all Iraqis, not like the former regime, which only represented a few. The main thing, he says, is that the election should be honest.
大学生阿里说，这是他第一次听说全国委员会。他说：“最重要的就是自由选举，选出一个能代表所有伊拉克人民的政府，而不是象以前的政体，仅仅代表少数人。主要的就是有一个诚实的选举。”
HS9502
Dolls representing only human beings
玩偶
HS95021000
Dolls, representing only human beings
玩偶，不论是否着装
HS95034100
Stuffed toys representing animals or non-human creatures
填充的玩具动物
HS95034900
Toys nes representing animals or non-human creatures
其他玩具动物
F43.2
Adjustment disorders
States of subjective distress and emotional disturbance, usually interfering with social
functioning and performance, arising in the period of adaptation to a significant life
change or a stressful life event. The stressor may have affected the integrity of an
individual's social network (bereavement, separation experiences) or the wider system of
social supports and values (migration, refugee status), or represented a major
developmental transition or crisis (going to school, becoming a parent, failure to attain
a cherished personal goal, retirement). Individual predisposition or vulnerability plays
an important role in the risk of occurrence and the shaping of the manifestations of
adjustment disorders, but it is nevertheless assumed that the condition would not have
arisen without the stressor. The manifestations vary and include depressed mood, anxiety
or worry (or mixture of these), a feeling of inability to cope, plan ahead, or continue in
the present situation, as well as some degree of disability in the performance of daily
routine. Conduct disorders may be an associated feature, particularly in adolescents. The
predominant feature may be a brief or prolonged depressive reaction, or a disturbance of
other emotions and conduct.
Culture shock
Grief reaction
Hospitalism in children
Excludes: separation anxiety disorder of childhood （F93.0）
适应障碍症
主观的苦恼或情绪困扰状态 ， 通常对社会功能及社
交表现造成妨碍 ， 此状况发生於对某一重大生活改
变或生活压力事件後的适应时期。此压力事件可能
已影响到一个人社会网路的整全状态 （ 如生离死别
） ， 或影响到更大的社会支持或价值系统 （ 如移民
流亡 ） ， 或代表一种发展之转型或危机 （ 如上学、
初为人父、人母、未能达成人生既定目标、退休 ）
。个别的体质及易罹病性对此疾病发生的危险性及
适应障碍症状表现的形式扮演重要的角色 ， 但假定
没有此压力事件 ， 就不会有此种疾病的产生。临床
表现上各式各样 ， 包含忧郁、焦虑、烦恼 （ 或以上
的混合 ） ， 感觉无法去应付 ， 无法事前做计划或觉
得在目前的环境下无法继续做下去 ， 而每天的例行
表现也有某种程度的损害。行为障碍可能是连带的
表现 ， 尤其在青少年。最显着的表现可能是短期或
长期忧郁或其他情绪、行为障碍。
文化休克
悲伤反应
儿童住院徵候群
不包含 ： 儿童期分离焦虑症 （93.0）
F44
Dissociative [conversion] disorders
The common themes that are shared by dissociative or conversion disorders are a partial or
complete loss of the normal integration between memories of the past, awareness of
identity and immediate sensations, and control of bodily movements. All types of
dissociative disorders tend to remit after a few weeks or months, particularly if their
onset is associated with a traumatic life event. More chronic disorders, particularly
paralyses and anaesthesias, may develop if the onset is associated with insoluble problems
or interpersonal difficulties. These disorders have previously been classified as various
types of "conversion hysteria". They are presumed to be psychogenic in origin,
being associated closely in time with traumatic events, insoluble and intolerable
problems, or disturbed relationships. The symptoms often represent the patient's concept
of how a physical illness would be manifest. Medical examination and investigation do not
reveal the presence of any known physical or neurological disorder. In addition, there is
evidence that the loss of function is an expression of emotional conflicts or needs. The
symptoms may develop in close relationship to psychological stress, and often appear
suddenly. Only disorders of physical functions normally under voluntary control and loss
of sensations are included here. Disorders involving pain and other complex physical
sensations mediated by the autonomic nervous system are classified under somatization
disorder (F45.0). The possibility of the later appearance of serious physical or
psychiatric disorders should always be kept in mind.
Includes: conversion:
. hysteria
. reaction
hysteria
hysterical psychosis
Excludes: malingering [conscious simulation] (Z76.5)
解离 （ 转化 ） 症
关於解离或转化症 ， 最常讨论到的主题是过去记忆
、个人认同、立即感觉和身体动作控制间的正常统
合功能之部份性或完全性的丧失。所有解离状态都
倾向於数周或数月内恢复 ， 特别是那些在发生时和
创伤性生活事件有密切关连者。较慢性的状态 ， 尤
其是运动瘫痪和知觉麻痹也可能因无解的难题或人
际关系困难而发生。这些疾病过去被分类为不同种
类的 " 转化型歇斯底里症 " ， 这里所描述的解离
症 ， 认为是 ＂ 心因性 ″ 的 ， 和所受冲击的事件、无
法解决或无法忍受的难题、或破裂的人际关系 ， 在
时间上有紧密连接的关系。症状的表现代表患者观
念中所相信疾病应有之表现。医学检查未能发现任
何身体或神经学之疾病。此外 ， 有证据可以说明 ，
身体功能之丧失是情绪冲突或需求之表现。此类症
状之发生与心理压力紧密相关 ， 且常常突然发生。
此处所指身体功能之症状 ， 只包含随处控制者与感
觉功能之丧失。痛感与自律神经相关之复杂感觉 ，
则归类於身体化症 （F45.0） 。在诊断时 ， 一直要注意
， 此病情中有可能会出现严重的身体或精神疾病。
包含 ：
． 转化型歇斯底里症
． 转化反应
歇斯底里症
歇斯底里性精神病症。
不包含 ： 诈病 （ 意识操作 ） （Z76.5） 。
Disorders of adult personality and
behaviour (F60-F69)
This block includes a variety of conditions and behaviour patterns of clinical
significance which tend to be persistent and appear to be the expression of the
individual's characteristic lifestyle and mode of relating to himself or herself and
others. Some of these conditions and patterns of behaviour emerge early in the course of
individual development, as a result of both constitutional factors and social experience,
while others are acquired later in life. Specific personality disorders (F60.-), mixed and
other personality disorders (F61.-), and enduring personality changes (F62.-) are deeply
ingrained and enduring behaviour patterns, manifesting as inflexible responses to a broad
range of personal and social situations. They represent extreme or significant deviations
from the way in which the average individual in a given culture perceives, thinks, feels
and, particularly, relates to others. Such behaviour patterns tend to be stable and to
encompass multiple domains of behaviour and psychological functioning. They are
frequently, but not always, associated with various degrees of subjective distress and
problems of social performance.
成人人格与行为违常 (F60-F69)
这一节包含了各种较具有临床意义之状态及行为模
式 ， 它们倾向於较具持久性 ， 表现出个人生活型态
之特徵以及个人与他人之应对模式。上述这些有意
义的状态及行为模式 ， 有些是在个体发展的早期就
表现出来 ， 可说是体质因素和社会经验的结果 ； 然
而其馀则是在个体生命的後期方形成的 ， 无论是特
定人格障碍症、混合型与其他人格障碍症及持续的
人格改变 ， 都是根深蒂固持续的行为模式。显示出
他们对个人的与对社会情境采取较僵化的反应。他
们与相同文化 ， 思想 ， 经验的一般大众比较之下显
示有极大差异 ， 这些行为模式倾向於固定 ， 而且表
现在多方面的行为及心理功能上。经常会造成个案
本人痛苦 ， 以及其社会功能表现的问题。
F98
Other behavioural and emotional disorders with onset usually occurring
in childhood and adolescence
A heterogeneous group of disorders that share the characteristic of an onset in childhood
but otherwise differ in many respects. Some of the conditions represent well-defined
syndromes but others are no more than symptom complexes that need inclusion because of
their frequency and association with psychosocial problems, and because they cannot be
incorporated into other syndromes.
Excludes: breath-holding spells (R06.8)
gender identity disorder of childhood (F64.2)
Kleine-Levin syndrome (G47.8)
obsessive-compulsive disorder (F42.-)
sleep disorders due to emotional causes (F51.-)
发生於儿童期或少年期之其他行为与情绪障碍症
不包含 ： 闭气发作 (R06.8)
儿童期性别认同障碍症 (F64.2)
克莱 － 雷温徵候群 （ 多睡及多食症 ） (G47.8)
强迫症 (F42.-)
睡眠障碍症 (F51.-)
F98.1
Nonorganic encopresis
Repeated, voluntary or involuntary passage of faeces, usually of normal or near-normal
consistency, in places not appropriate for that purpose in the individual's own
sociocultural setting. The condition may represent an abnormal continuation of normal
infantile incontinence, it may involve a loss of continence following the acquisition of
bowel control, or it may involve the deliberate deposition of faeces in inappropriate
places in spite of normal physiological bowel control. The condition may occur as a
monosymptomatic disorder, or it may form part of a wider disorder, especially an emotional
disorder (F93.-) or a conduct disorder (F91.-).
Functional encopresis
Incontinence of faeces of nonorganic origin
Psychogenic encopresis
Use additional code, if desired, to identify the cause of any coexisting constipation.
Excludes: encopresis NOS (R15)
非器质性遗粪症
重覆、随意或不自主的将粪便 （ 粪便并无异常 ） 解
在以其社会文化情况而言不恰当的地方。这种情形
可能是正常婴儿期失禁一直持续下来的问题 ， 也可
能是已经能控制排便後才产生的问题。或尽管其生
理大肠功能正常 ， 仍将冀便解於不恰当之处。可能
是单一的症状 ， 也可能合并较广泛的问题 ， 尤其是
情绪障碍症 (F93) 或行为规范障碍症 (F91) 。
功能性遗尿症
非器质性大便失禁
心因性遗粪症
如有需要 ， 使用附码以标示其便的生理原因。
不包含 ： 其他未明示的遗粪症 （R15）
Chapter XVIII 第十八章
SYMPTOMS,SIGNS AND ABNORMAL CLINICAL AND LABORATORY FINDINGS, NOT ELSEWHERE CLASSIFIED
(R00-R99)
症状、候与他处未归类之临床及实验室检查异常所
见 (ROO-R99)
This chapter includes symptoms,signs,abnormal results of
clinical or other investigative procedures,and ill-defined conditions regarding which no
diagnosis classifiable elsewhere is recorded.
本章包含症状、候与其他章节未归类之临床和检查
结果异常 ， 及诊断欠明的病况。
Signs and symptoms that point rather definitely to a given
diagnosis have been assigned to a category in other chapters of the classification. In
general,categories in this chapter include the less well-defined conditions and symptoms
that, without the necessary study of the case to establish a final diagnosis, point
perhaps equally to two or more diseases or to two or more systems of the body. Practically
all categories in the chapter could be designated "not otherwise specified",
"unknown etiology" or "transient " The Alphabetical Index should be
consulted to determine which symptoms and signs are to be allocated here and which to
other chapters. The residual subcategories, numbered .8, are generally provided for other
relevant symptoms that cannot be allocated elsewhere in the classification.
症状与候相当清楚可列入其他章节之疾病诊断时 ，
须列在其他分类章节的范围内。一般来说 ， 列在本
章节的分类 ， 即表明源於诊断未明的病况 ， 含两种
或两种以上多种疾病、多种系统及不需要进一步确
立诊断的病况及候。实际来看 ， 本章的范围可视为
一些其他未明示的、病因欠明或暂时性的症状候 ，
可利用索引来查询症状或候所归类之章节。本章以
(.8) 来代表不易归类之相关症状的其他次分类项。
The conditions and signs or symptoms included in categories
R00-R99 consist of: (a) cases for which no more specific diagnosis can be made even after
all the facts bearing on the case have been investigated;(b) signs or symptoms existing at
the time of initial encounter that proved to be transient and whose causes could not be
determined;(c) provisional diagnoses in a patient who failed to return for further
investigation or care;(d) cases referred elsewhere for investigation or treatment before
the diagnosis was made;(e) cases in which a more precise diagnosis was not available for
any other reason; (f) certain symptoms, for which supplementary information is provided,
that represent important problems in medical care in their own right.
病况、症状及候包含在 ROO 至 R99 类项时 ， 即包含下列
各种情况 (a) 病人检查後 ， 无明示性之诊断 ； (b) 初期
发现且病程短暂及病因无法确认 ； (c) 无法进一步检
查或处理之暂时性诊断 ； (d) 须检查或治疗後才可确
定归类於其他章节的明确诊断 ； (e） 病例无法给予详
细诊断 ； (f) 在重要的医疗问题中症状与候的描述可
给予辅助性的资料时。
Excludes: abnormal findings on antenatal screening of mother
(O28.-)
certain conditions originating in the perinatal period(P00-P96)
不包含 ： 母亲产前检查之异常所见 （O28.-）
源於周产期之病况 （P00-P96）
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