reduce [ ri'dju:s] vt.减少，减小；简化
reduce [ri'dju:s] vt. 减少,缩减
reduce [ri'dju:s] 减少
大事化小，小事化了 try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all
国有股减持 reduce state's stake in listed companies
以产定人,减员增效 employ workers in accordance with production needs and increase efficiency while reducing the staff
增加信任,减少麻烦,发展合作,不搞对抗 enhance trust, reduce trouble, develop cooperation and avoid confrontation
reduce 减少，降低（成本等）
reduced price:减价，削价
reduced to clear:削价处理
Reduced Speed Now 减速行驶
Reduced rates for elderly.
老人优惠
大事化小，小事化了
try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all
reduce 减少，降低（成本等）
学生减负 to reduce study load
学生减负 to reduce study load
防范和化解金融风险 take precautions against and reduce financial risks
学生减负 to reduce study load
打折扣-让价 to reduce; to make a reduction
Circumstances in which Pension may be Suspended, Cancelled or Reduced
《可暂停支付、取消或扣减退休金的情况》
It is suggested that governments ought to make efforts to reduce the increasing gap between cities and countryside. They ought to set aside an appropriate fund for improvement of the standard of peasants' lives. They ought to invite some experts in agriculture to share their experiences, information and knowledge with peasants, which will contribute directly to the economic growth of rural areas.
建议政府应该努力减少正在拉大的城乡差距。应该划拨适当的资金提高农民的生活水平；应该邀请农业专家向农民介绍他们的经验，知识和信息，这些将有助于发展农村经济。
At the same time, young people should be encouraged to communicate with their peers and develop their interpersonal skills, which may help them greatly to reduce dependence on their parents and are essential in the maintenance of healthy mental condition.
同时，应该鼓励年轻人和他们的同龄人交往，发展他们的交际能力，这将帮助他们极大地减少对父母的倚赖并且保持健康的精神状态。
Increase capital and reduce debts through various channels 多渠道增资减债
Reduce staff to improve efficiency 减员增效
Reduce 减少
The tendency of modern science is to reduce proof to absurdity by continually reducing absurdity to proof.
现代科学的趋势，是以不断地把谬论化为证明来使证明沦为谬论。
The amount of the loan from the bank was progressively reduced.
银行的贷款越来越少。
The company was squeezed by the reduced sales.
这家公司由于销售减少而处于财政困难压力之下。
Airline personnel can buy flight tickets at reduced prices.
航空公司职工可以减价购买飞机票。
a major project to reduce pollution in our river
减少我们这条河污染的重大计划
People running for president often advocate reducing taxes.
竞选总统的人往往主张减税。
an election pledge to reduce taxes
竞选时所作的减税承诺
The amount of the loan from the bank was progressively reduced.
银行的贷款一次比一次少。
As well as helping the environment, energy conservation reduces your fuel bills.
节省能源不但有利于环境，还能减少你的燃料支出。
reduce the country's $18 billion foreign debt
减少该国180亿美元的外债
Wearing a seat belt saves lives; it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by more than half.
系好安全带能够挽救性命，它能将丧生和重伤的概率减少一半以上。
Later, people tried to lift a building off its foundation, and insert rubber and steel between the building and its foundation to reduce the impact of ground vibrations.
后来，人们试着把建筑物从其基地上撑起来，在建筑物和地基间灌入橡胶和钢铁以减少地表震动的影响。
Finally, other people may give us instrumental support——financial aid, material resources, and needed services-that reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope with our problems.
最后，其他的人给我们提供物质性支持—经济援助，物质资料和必需服务—通过帮助我们处理问题来减轻我们的压力。
We talk about reducing our costs, but it's easier said than done.
我们谈如何降低成本，但说起来容易，做起来就难了。
His forceful arguments reduced his opponents to silence.
他那有力的论点驳得对手哑口无言。
The police are advising motorists to reduce speed because of the fog.
由于有雾，警察告诫驾车者减慢速度。
The new government's prime task is to reduce the level of inflation.
新政府的主要任务是减低通货膨胀的水平。
Without practice, hopes will be reduced to zero.
没有实践，希望会化为乌有。
Remember the various ways you can use the verb help / help, eg: It should help cut pollution / It should help cut pollution. The new metro should help reduce traffic / The new metro should help reduce traffic.
记住动词help / 帮助的不同用法, 例如: It should help cut pollution /这应该对减少污染有帮助。The new metro should help reduce traffic /新的地铁线路将有助于缓解交通拥挤的状况。
A I think the best way to reduce traffic and pollution is more public transport.
A 我认为最便捷的方式来减轻交通流量和污染是开发更多的公共交通工具。
B More buses and subways mean less cars.
B 更多公共汽车和地铁轨道就等于更少量的私家汽车。
A And less cars means less pollution and less traffic jams.
A 少量的汽车就等于减少污染和交通堵塞的状况。
B And more people cycling! Lots of good healthy exercise.
B 更多骑自行车的人！对身体健康很有益。
There will be new subways soon.
新的地铁马上就会建成。
That will help the traffic.
这会促进交通状况。
New bus systems will also help.
新的公共汽车体制也会有助于交通。
Less cars will reduce pollution.
更少的汽车就会减少空气污染。
@@@ 处于...
at risk 处于危险中; 冒险
at ware 处于交战状态
be better off doing sth. 日子更好过, 处境更加佳
gain the upper hand 占上风, 处于有利地位
get (sb.) into hot water 使(某人)处于困境
in flux 处于不断变化之中; 动荡不定
in shape 1.在外形上
2.处于良好状态, 健康
in the spotlight 处于公众注意的中心
in trouble 处在不幸/苦恼/困境中
reduce to 变少; 使处于, 使成为(某种情况或状态)
@@@ 减
cut back on 削减, 缩减
cut corners 节省开支; 节省气力
cut down 1.砍倒(树木), 砍伐
2.减少...的量; 缩减
deduct from 从...中扣除; 从...中减去
die away (风、声音)逐渐消失; 减少或减弱
fade away 逐渐凋谢; (声音)慢慢减弱, 逐渐消失
let up 减小, 渐渐停止
lose weight 体重减轻; 减肥
reduce to 变少; 使处于, 使成为(某种情况或状态)
slow down 减速, 慢下来; 松弛
@@@ 改变, 转换
adaptation to 针对...的适应性的变化
bring over 把...带来; 使某人转变(思想或信仰)
change for the better 改进; 改善; 好转
change for the worse 恶化; 每况愈下
change hands 易手; 易主
change of pace 变换活动; 换口味
change one's mind 改变主意/想法
change sth. into 把...变成...
change the subject 转移话题
cheer (sb.) up 使高兴, 使情绪好转
clear up 1.(天气)变晴, 天空晴朗
2.说明, 澄清
convert sth. into sth. 转变, 变换
cool down/off 变凉爽; 使冷静
develop into 发展成为..., 演变成...
direct at/to sth./sb. 使...转向或对准某一方向; 指示, 命令...
emigrate (from) to (从...)移居到...
evolve from/out of 从...进化来; 从...发展来
evolve into 演化成
fix up 修理; 重新装饰或改装
for the better 好转, 向好的方向发展
get above oneself 变得自高自大
go bad 变坏; 腐败
improve on 对...做出改进
in flux 处于不断变化之中; 动荡不定
in other words 换句话说, 换言之
in place of 代替; 更换
leave much to be desired 不够好; 有待改善
make over 把(财产)转让; 改造
melt away (使某物)融化或溶解而消失; 逐渐消失
move about/around 走来走去; 动来动去; 不断迁移
move away 离开; 搬走
move into 搬入; 迁居
move out (of) 搬出
pass on 把...传给别人; 转移
range from A to B 在A和B之间变化或变动; 从A延伸到B
reduce to 变少; 使处于, 使成为(某种情况或状态)
remove sth. from 将某物从...移到...; 去掉; 免除(职务)
that is to say 那就是说, 换句话说
thaw out 1.(人的态度、行为等)变得随便; 变得温和
2.解冻, 变暖和
toss and turn 辗转反侧, 无法入眠
transfer to 转移到...; 调转到...; 转学到...
transform ... into ... 把...变成...
turn around 回转, 转向
turn into 使变成, 使成为
turn over 翻身; 翻转
vary from ... to ... 从...到...变动/变化
warm up 1.使...变热(暖和)
2.(体育锻炼之前, 音乐演奏之前的)热身
- play into someone's hand 正中某人下怀
Think it over. If we reduce the price, I'm sure we're playing into his hand.
- steal a march on someone 抢在他人前面，暗渡陈仓
We stole a march on our rivals by reducing 5% of our price and got back our market.
We can't accept your offer unless the price is reduced by 5%.
除非你们减价5%，否则我们无法接受报盘。
I'll respond to your counter-offer by reducing our price by three dollars.
我同意你们的还价，减价3元。
If you can reduce the price by 2% and give us three months to raise money, we’d be willing to give you a 10% down payment.
如果你愿意把价格降低2%，并且给我们三个月的时间筹款，我们就愿先付10%的订金。
贬 demote; reduce
裁 judge; dismiss; reduce
裁减 cut down; reduce
贬 [biǎn] /to diminish/to demote/reduce or devaluate/disparage/censure/depreciate/
补泻 [bǔ xiè] /reinforcing and reducing methods (in acupuncture)/
裁 [cái] /cut out (as a dress)/cut/trim/reduce/diminish/decision/judgment/
裁减 [cái jiǎn] /to reduce/to lessen/to cut down/
减 [jiǎn] /to lower/to decrease/to reduce/to subtract/to diminish/
减低 [jiǎn dī] /(v) lower; reduce/
减免 [jiǎn miǎn] /to lower tax/to reduce duties/
减少 [jiǎn shǎo] /to lessen/to decrease/to reduce/to lower/
减刑 [jiǎn xíng] /reduce penalty/shortened or commuted (judicial) sentence/
减灾 [jiǎn zāi] /measures to reduce disasters/
降低 [jiàng dī] /to reduce/to lower/to bring down/
紧缩 [jǐn suō] /reduce/tighten/cut back (budget, etc)/
精简 [jīng jiǎn] /to simplify/to reduce/
精简开支 [jīng jiǎn kāi zhī] /to reduce spending/to cut spending/
缩 [suō] /to withdraw/to pull back/to contract/to shrink/to reduce/
缩减 [suō jiǎn] /to cut/to reduce/
缩小 [suō xiǎo] /reduce/decrease/
削 [xuē] /to reduce/to pare (away)/to cut (down)/
削减 [xuē jiǎn] /to cut down/to reduce/to lower/
Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyone's cost.
铁路公司对“被控”客户进行区别对待的依据是，从长远来看，这样做会降低所有人的成本。
Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption.
能源储备、燃料替代以及能源密集型重工业的重要性的降低，都减少了石油消耗量。
At the core of this debate is chairman Gerald Levin, 56, who took over for the late Steve Ross in 1992.
于1992年接替已故董事长斯蒂夫·罗斯的56岁的现任董事长杰拉德·莱文是争论的焦点人物。
On the financial front, Levin is under pressure to raise the stock price and reduce the company's mountainous debt, which will increase to $ 17.3 billion after two new cable deals close.
财政方面，他承受着抬高股价，减少公司巨额债务的压力。在两笔新的有线电视交易谈妥后，债务将达到173亿美元。
He has promised to sell off some of the property and restructure the company, but investors are waiting impatiently.
他也答应出售部分财产并重组公司，但现在投资者们仍在焦急地等待着。
Given this optimistic approach to technological innovation, the American worker took readily to that special kind of nonverbal thinking required in mechanical technology.
有了这种对技术革新的乐观态度，美国工人很快便习惯了机械技术需要的那种特别的非语言的思维方式。
As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out, "A technologist thinks about objects that cannot be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions; they are dealt with in his mind by a visual, nonverbal process... The designer and the inventor... are able to assemble and manipulate in their minds devices that as yet do not exist."
正如尤金·弗格森曾指出的：“技术人员思考那些不能被简化成功用明确的语言进行描述的物体；这些物体在他的头脑中以视觉性的、非语言性的方式被处理加工……设计者和发明者……能把那些尚不存在的机械在头脑中组装和操作。”
If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.
另一方面，某种产品大量生产导致成本下降，产销者提供的产品就会增加，这就会使价格下跌，那么，更多的消费者就购买该产品。
{adj: antiadrenergic} relating to blocking or reducing adrenergic effects in the body
{adj: antipollution} intended to reduce pollution
"antipollution laws"
"antipollution devices on automobile exhaust systems"
{adj: attenuate, attenuated, faded, weakened} reduced in strength
"the faded tones of an old recording"
{adj: attenuated} of an electrical signal; reduced in amplitude with little or no distortion
{adj: back-geared, double-geared} (of a lathe) equipped with gearing for reducing the speed of the spindle from that of the driving pulley
"a back-geared lathe"
{adj: basic, canonic, canonical} reduced to the simplest and most significant form possible without loss of generality
"a basic story line"
"a canonical syllable pattern"
{adj: blotted out, obliterate, obliterated} reduced to nothingness
{adj: clement} (used of persons or behavior) inclined to show mercy
"a more clement judge reduced the sentence"
<-> inclement
{adj: compressed} reduced in volume by pressure
"compressed air"
{adj: concentrated} of or relating to a solution whose dilution has been reduced
{adj: contracted} reduced in size or pulled together
"the contracted pupils of her eyes"
<-> expanded
{adj: crunched} reduced to small pieces
"crunched nuts"
{adj: cut, slashed} (used of rates or prices) reduced usually sharply
"the slashed prices attracted buyers"
{adj: decreased, reduced} made less in size or amount or degree
<-> increased
{adj: diluted, dilute} reduced in strength or concentration or quality or purity
"diluted alcohol"
"a dilute solution"
"dilute acetic acid"
<-> undiluted
{adj: dim-sighted, near-blind, purblind, sand-blind, visually impaired, visually challenged} having greatly reduced vision
{adj: dissolved} (of solid matter) reduced to a liquid form
"add the dissolved gelatin"
{adj: friable} easily broken into small fragments or reduced to powder
"friable sandstone"
"friable carcinomatous tissue"
"friable curds formed in the stomach"
{adj: homogenized, homogenised} formed by blending unlike elements especially by reducing one element to particles and dispersing them throughout another substance
{adj: infinitesimal, minute, microscopic} infinitely or immeasurably small
"two minute whiplike threads of protoplasm"
"reduced to a microscopic scale"
{adj: liquefied, liquified} reduced to a liquid state
"liquefied petroleum gas"
{adj: lubricated, greased} smeared with oil or grease to reduce friction
<-> unlubricated
{adj: minimized} reduced to the smallest possible size or amount or degree
{adj: molten, liquefied, liquified} reduced to liquid form by heating
"a mass of molten rock"
{adj: narrowed} having the opening reduced squeezed
{adj: narrowed} reduced in size as by squeezing together
"his narrowed eyes"
{adj: nonskid} designed to reduce or prevent skidding
"nonskid tires"
{adj: nonslip} designed to reduce or prevent slipping
"a nonslip surface"
{adj: reduced, rock-bottom} well below normal (especially in price)
{adj: reducible} capable of being reduced
"reducible to a set of principles of human nature"- Edmund Wilson
<-> irreducible
{adj: scalelike} reduced to a small appressed thing that resembles a scale
"scalelike leaves"
{adj: shriveled, shrivelled, shrunken} reduced in efficacy or vitality or intensity
"our shriveled receipts during the storm"
"as the project wore on she found her enthusiasm shriveled"
"the dollar's shrunken buying power"
{adj: shrunk, shrunken} reduced in size by being drawn together
"the shrunken dress was entirely too tight to wear"
{adj: silenced} reduced to silence
"the silenced crowd waited expectantly"
<-> unsilenced
{adj: subjugated} reduced to submission
"subjugated peoples"
{adj: syncretic, syncretical, syncretistic, syncretistical} relating to a historical tendency for a language to reduce its use of inflections
"modern English is a syncretic language"
{adj: systematized, systematised} reduced to a system
"systematized knowledge"
{adj: trial-and-error} trying out various means or theories until error is satisfactorily reduced or eliminated
"he argued that all learning is a trial-and-error process that resembles biological evolution"
{adj: unshrinkable} incapable of being shrunk or diminished or reduced
<-> shrinkable
{adv: proportionately} in proportion
"the height of this wall must be reduced proportionately to give the room pleasant dimensions"
<-> disproportionately
{n: Agrobacterium, genus Agrobacterium} small motile bacterial rods that can reduce nitrates and cause galls on plant stems
{n: Anguilliformes, order Anguilliformes, order Apodes} elongate fishes with pelvic fins and girdle absent or reduced
{n: Babbitt metal, babbitt} an alloy of tin with some copper and antimony; a lining for bearings that reduces friction
{n: Brachyura, suborder Brachyura} an order of crustaceans (including true crabs) having a reduced abdomen folded against the ventral surface
{n: Brandt, Willy Brandt} German statesman who as chancellor of West Germany worked to reduce tensions with eastern Europe (1913-1992)
{n: Bureau of Justice Assistance, BJA} the bureau in the Department of Justice that assists local criminal justice systems to reduce or prevent crime and violence and drug abuse
{n: Cox-2 inhibitor} an anti-inflammatory drug that blocks Cox-2 activity without impeding the activity of Cox-1
"Cox-2 inhibitors reduce the symptoms of arthritis without endangering the stomach and kidneys"
{n: Cycadales, order Cycadales} primitive tropical gymnosperms abundant in the Mesozoic, now reduced to a few scattered tropical forms
{n: Dolby, Ray M. Dolby} United States electrical engineer who devised the Dolby system used to reduce background noise in tape recording
{n: Eleocharis, genus Eleocharis} sedges having dense spikes of flowers and leaves reduced to basal sheaths
{n: Environmental Protection Agency, EPA} an independent federal agency established to coordinate programs aimed at reducing pollution and protecting the environment
{n: European Union, EU, European Community, EC, European Economic Community, EEC, Common Market, Europe} an international organization of European countries formed after World War II to reduce trade barriers and increase cooperation among its members
"he took Britain into Europe"
{n: Klinefelter's syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, XXY-syndrome} syndrome in males that is characterized by small testes and long legs and enlarged breasts and reduced sperm production and mental retardation; a genetic defect in which an extra X chromosome (XXY) is present in the male
{n: Maksutov telescope} reflecting telescope in which the aberration of the concave mirror is reduced by a meniscus lens
{n: Yosemite, Yosemite Falls} a series of waterfalls in Yosemite National Park in California; is reduced to a trickle for part of each year
{n: ablation} the erosive process that reduces the size of glaciers
{n: activation energy, energy of activation} the energy that an atomic system must acquire before a process (such as an emission or reaction) can occur
"catalysts are said to reduce the energy of activation during the transition phase of a reaction"
{n: adiposity, adiposeness, fattiness} having the property of containing fat
"he recommended exercise to reduce my adiposity"
{n: admixture, alloy} the state of impairing the quality or reducing the value of something
{n: air pollution} pollution of the atmosphere
"air pollution reduced the visibility"
{n: airbrake, dive brake} a small parachute or articulated flap to reduce the speed of an aircraft
{n: angina pectoris, angina} a heart condition marked by paroxysms of chest pain due to reduced oxygen to the heart
{n: anti-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory drug} a medicine intended to reduce inflammation
{n: antiflatulent} any agent that reduces intestinal gas
{n: antihypertensive, antihypertensive drug} a drug that reduces high blood pressure
{n: antiknock} any of various compounds that are added to gasoline to reduce engine knocking
{n: antiperspirant} an astringent substance applied to the skin to reduce perspiration
{n: arginine} a bitter tasting amino acid found in proteins and necessary for nutrition; its absence from the diet leads to a reduced production of spermatozoa
{n: atomism} (psychology) a theory that reduces all mental phenomena to simple elements (sensations and feelings) that form complex ideas by association
{n: atomization, atomisation} annihilation by reducing something to atoms
{n: atorvastatin, Lipitor} an oral drug (trade name Lipitor) that is effective in lowering triglycerides; potent in reducing LDL cholesterol because higher doses can be given
{n: attenuation} the property of something that has been weakened or reduced in thickness or density
{n: back burner} reduced priority
"dozens of cases were put on the back burner"
<-> front burner
{n: bank, cant, camber} a slope in the turn of a road or track; the outside is higher than the inside in order to reduce the effects of centrifugal force
{n: beggary, mendicancy, mendicity} the state of being a beggar or mendicant
"they were reduced to mendicancy"
{n: bilge keel} either of two lengthwise fins attached along the outside of a ship's bilge; reduces rolling
{n: blennioid fish, blennioid} elongated mostly scaleless marine fishes with large pectoral fins and reduced pelvic fins
{n: block grant} a grant of federal money to state and local governments to support social welfare programs
"block grants reduce federal responsibility for social welfare"
{n: bloodletting} formerly used as a treatment to reduce excess blood (one of the four humors of medieval medicine)
{n: bookclub} a club that people join in order to buy selected books at reduced prices
{n: bourguignon, bourguignon sauce, Burgundy sauce} reduced red wine with onions and parsley and thyme and butter
{n: budget cut} the act of reducing budgeted expenditures
{n: buffer, fender} a cushion-like device that reduces shock due to contact
{n: bushing, cylindrical lining} a cylindrical metal lining used to reduce friction
{n: calcium hydride, hydrolith} a saltlike binary compound (CaH2) used as a reducing agent and source of hydrogen
{n: carvedilol} beta blocker that can reduce the progression of heart failure in individuals whose disease is not advanced
{n: cataphyll} a reduced or scarcely developed leaf at the start of a plant's life (i.e., cotyledons) or in the early stages of leaf development
{n: cerivastatin, Baycol} an oral drug (trade name Baycol) to reduce blood cholesterol levels
{n: chicane} a movable barrier used in motor racing; sometimes place before a dangerous corner to reduce speed as cars pass in single file
{n: clearance sale, inventory-clearance sale} a sale to reduce inventory
{n: clofibrate, Atromid-S} a drug (trade name Atromid-S) that reduces lipids in the blood serum; used to treat some cardiovascular diseases
{n: colobus, colobus monkey} arboreal monkey of western and central Africa with long silky fur and reduced thumbs
{n: commutation ticket, season ticket} a ticket good for several trips or to attend a season of entertainments; sold at a reduced rate
{n: compensating balance, offsetting balance} a minimum credit balance that a bank may require a borrower to keep on deposit as a condition for granting a loan; a common requirement for establishing a line of credit at a bank
"the compensating balance increases the effective interest rate to the bank since the net amount loaned is reduced but the interest paid is unchanged"
{n: complex instruction set computing, complex instruction set computer, CISC} (computer science) a kind of computer architecture that has a large number of instructions hard coded into the CPU chip
<-> RISC, reduced instruction set computer, reduced instruction set computing
{n: compression} encoding information while reducing the bandwidth or bits required
<-> decompression
{n: compress} a cloth pad or dressing (with or without medication) applied firmly to some part of the body (to relieve discomfort or reduce fever)
{n: concentrate} a concentrated form of a foodstuff; the bulk is reduced by removing water
{n: conscience money} payment made voluntarily to reduce guilt over dishonest dealings
{n: constriction, bottleneck, chokepoint} a narrowing that reduces the flow through a channel
{n: corticosteroid, corticoid, adrenal cortical steroid} a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex or synthesized; administered as drugs they reduce swelling and decrease the body's immune response
"adrenal cortical steroids are used to treat many different conditions"
{n: counterirritant} a medicine applied locally to produce superficial inflammation in order to reduce deeper inflammation
{n: crash barrier} a strong protective barrier that is erected around a racetrack or in the middle of a dual-lane highway in order to reduce the likelihood of severe accidents
{n: crematory, crematorium, cremation chamber} a furnace where a corpse can be burned and reduced to ashes
{n: cut} the act of reducing the amount or number
"the mayor proposed extensive cuts in the city budget"
{n: day return} a return ticket (at reduced fare) for traveling both ways in the same day
{n: decrease, diminution, reduction, step-down} the act of decreasing or reducing something
<-> increase
{n: defense mechanism, defense reaction, defence mechanism, defence reaction, defense, defence} (psychiatry) an unconscious process that tries to reduce the anxiety associated with instinctive desires
{n: demand} the ability and desire to purchase goods and services
"the automobile reduced the demand for buggywhips"
"the demand exceeded the supply"
<-> supply
{n: depopulation} the condition of having reduced numbers of inhabitants (or no inhabitants at all)
{n: depressor, depressor nerve} any nerve whose activity tends to reduce the activity or tone of the body part it serves
{n: desensitization, desensitisation} the process of reducing sensitivity
"the patient was desensitized to the allergen"
{n: deterioration, impairment} a symptom of reduced quality or strength
{n: devitalization, devitalisation} the act of reducing the vitality of something
{n: dilution} weakening (reducing the concentration) by the addition of water or a thinner
<-> concentration
{n: dimness, subduedness} the property of lights or sounds that lack brilliance or are reduced in intensity
{n: dipterous insect, two-winged insects, dipteran, dipteron} insects having usually a single pair of functional wings (anterior pair) with the posterior pair reduced to small knobbed structures and mouth parts adapted for sucking or lapping or piercing
{n: disarming, disarmament} act of reducing or depriving of arms
"the disarmament of the aggressor nations must be complete"
<-> armament, arming
{n: discount, price reduction, deduction} the act of reducing the selling price of merchandise
{n: double blind} a test procedure in which the identity of those receiving the intervention is concealed from both the administrators and the subjects until after the test is completed; designed to reduce or eliminate bias in the results
{n: double glazing} a window with two panes of glass and a space between them; reduces heat and noise transmission through the window
{n: drape} a sterile covering arranged over a patient's body during a medical examination or during surgery in order to reduce the possibility of contamination
{n: dutch auction} a method of selling in which the price is reduced until a buyer is found
{n: dynamic balance} (aeronautics) the state of equilibrium in which centrifugal forces due to a rotating mass (e.g., a propeller) do not produce force in the shaft and so vibration is reduced
{n: earless seal, true seal, hair seal} any of several seals lacking external ear flaps and having a stiff hairlike coat with hind limbs reduced to swimming flippers
{n: easing, easement, alleviation, relief} the act of reducing something unpleasant (as pain or annoyance)
"he asked the nurse for relief from the constant pain"
{n: electromotive series, electromotive force series, electrochemical series} a serial arrangement of metallic elements or ions according to their electrode potentials determined under specified conditions; the order shows the tendency of one metal to reduce the ions of any other metal below it in the series
{n: electronic countermeasures, ECM} electronic warfare undertaken to prevent or reduce an enemy's effective use of the electromagnetic spectrum
{n: electronic warfare, EW} military action involving the use of electromagnetic energy to determine or exploit or reduce or prevent hostile use of the electromagnetic spectrum
{n: ephedra, joint fir} jointed and nearly leafless desert shrub having reduced scalelike leaves and reddish fleshy seeds
{n: equalizer, equaliser} electronic equipment that reduces frequency distortion
{n: evisceration} altering something (as a legislative act or a statement) in such a manner as to reduce its value
"the adoption of their amendments would have amounted to an evisceration of the act"
{n: excursion rate} a reduced rate for a round-trip ticket
{n: factor analysis} any of several methods for reducing correlational data to a smaller number of dimensions or factors; beginning with a correlation matrix a small number of components or factors are extracted that are regarded as the basic variable that account for the interrelations observed in the data
{n: fad diet} a reducing diet that enjoys temporary popularity
{n: fluidity, fluidness, liquidity, liquidness, runniness} the property of flowing easily
"adding lead makes the alloy easier to cast because the melting point is reduced and the fluidity is increased"
"they believe that fluidity increases as the water gets warmer"
{n: fog, fogginess, murk, murkiness} an atmosphere in which visibility is reduced because of a cloud of some substance
{n: golf ball} a small hard ball used in playing golf; dimpled to reduce wind resistance
{n: government, authorities, regime} the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit
"the government reduced taxes"
"the matter was referred to higher authorities"
{n: group insurance} insurance that is purchased by a group (such as the employees of a company) usually at a reduced rate to individual members of the group
{n: guanabenz, Wytensin} antihypertensive drug (trade name Wytensin) that reduces blood pressure by its effect on the central nervous system
{n: gyrostabilizer, gyrostabiliser} a stabilizer consisting of a heavy gyroscope that spins on a vertical axis; reduces side-to-side rolling of a ship or plane
{n: half-pay} reduced wage paid to someone who is not working full time
{n: happy hour} the time of day when a bar sells alcoholic drinks at a reduced price
{n: haze} atmospheric moisture or dust or smoke that causes reduced visibility
{n: hedge, hedging} any technique designed to reduce or eliminate financial risk; for example, taking two positions that will offset each other if prices change
{n: hydrazine} a colorless fuming corrosive liquid; a powerful reducing agent; used chiefly in rocket fuels
{n: hypertrophic cardiomyopathy} a disorder in which the heart muscle is so strong that it does not relax enough to fill with the heart with blood and so has reduced pumping ability
{n: ice pack, ice bag} a waterproof bag filled with ice: applied to the body (especially the head) to cool or reduce swelling
{n: immunodeficiency} immunological disorder in which some part of the body's immune system is inadequate and resistance to infectious diseases is reduced
<-> immunocompetence
{n: incineration} the act of burning something completely; reducing it to ashes
{n: indexation} a system of economic regulation: wages and interest are tied to the cost-of-living index in order to reduce the effects of inflation
{n: insulating material, insulant, insulation} a material that reduces or prevents the transmission of heat or sound or electricity
{n: insulation} the act of protecting something by surrounding it with material that reduces or prevents the transmission of sound or heat or electricity
{n: irregular, second} merchandise that has imperfections; usually sold at a reduced price without the brand name
{n: item} a whole individual unit; especially when included in a list or collection
"they reduced the price on many items"
{n: lactifuge} any agent that reduces milk secretion (as given to a woman who is not breast feeding)
{n: latent hostility, tension} feelings of hostility that are not manifest
"he could sense her latent hostility to him"
"the diplomats' first concern was to reduce international tensions"
{n: lead time} the time interval between the initiation and the completion of a production process
"the lead times for many publications can vary tremendously"
"planning is a area where lead time can be reduced"
{n: leaded gasoline} gasoline treated with a lead compound to reduce motor knocks
"combustion of leaded gasoline released lead into the air where it could cause lead poisoning"
<-> unleaded gasoline
{n: leflunomide, Arava} an anti-TNF compound (trade name Arava) that is given orally; can slow the progression of rheumatoid arthritis by slowing the proliferation of white blood cells which reduces inflammation in the synovium
{n: light beer} lager with reduced alcohol content
{n: light filter, diffusing screen} a transparent filter that reduces the light (or some wavelengths of the light) passing through it
{n: limekiln} a kiln used to reduce naturally occuring forms of calcium carbonate to lime
{n: lovastatin, Mevacor} an oral drug (trade name Mevacor) to reduce blood cholesterol levels; used when dietary changes have proved inadequate
{n: lubricant, lubricator, lubricating substance, lube} a substance capable of reducing friction by making surfaces smooth or slippery
{n: measure, step} any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal
"the situation called for strong measures"
"the police took steps to reduce crime"
{n: meno mosso} played at reduced speed; less rapid
{n: microdot} photograph reduced to the size of a dot (usually for purposes of security)
{n: microfilm} film on which materials are photographed at greatly reduced size; useful for storage; a magnification system is used to read the material
{n: midazolam, Versed} an injectable form of benzodiazepine (trade name Versed) useful for sedation and for reducing pain during uncomfortable medical procedures
{n: miniature, toy} copy that reproduces something in greatly reduced size
{n: miniaturization, miniaturisation} act of making on a greatly reduced scale
{n: minimization, minimisation} the act of reducing something to the least possible amount or degree or position
<-> maximization
{n: minor tranquilizer, minor tranquillizer, minor tranquilliser, antianxiety drug, anxiolytic, anxiolytic drug} a tranquilizer used to relieve anxiety and reduce tension and irritability
{n: mitigating circumstance} (law) a circumstance that does not exonerate a person but which reduces the penalty associated with the offense
{n: morphallaxis} regeneration on a reduced scale of a body part; observed especially in invertebrates such as certain lobsters
{n: mulch} a protective covering of rotting vegetable matter spread to reduce evaporation and soil erosion
{n: muscle relaxant} a drug that reduces muscle contractility by blocking the transmission of nerve impulses or by decreasing the excitability of the motor end plate or by other actions
{n: narcotic} a drug that produces numbness or stupor; often taken for pleasure or to reduce pain; extensive use can lead to addiction
{n: nephrocalcinosis} renal lithiasis in which calcium deposits form in the renal parenchyma and result in reduced kidney function and blood in the urine
{n: nephrosclerosis, nephroangiosclerosis} kidney disease that is usually associated with hypertension; sclerosis of the renal arterioles reduces blood flow that can lead to kidney failure and heart failure
{n: net sales} gross sales reduced by customer discounts, returns, freight out, and allowances
{n: night vision, night-sight, scotopic vision, twilight vision} the ability to see in reduced illumination (as in moonlight)
{n: no fault insurance, no fault automobile insurance} a system of automobile insurance where a party who is injured in an automobile accident recovers damages up to a specific amount against his own insurance company regardless of who was responsible for the accident
"the amount of litigation resulting from minor accidents is reduced by no fault insurance"
{n: nothing, nil, nix, nada, null, aught, cipher, cypher, goose egg, naught, zero, zilch, zip, zippo} a quantity of no importance
"it looked like nothing I had ever seen before"
"reduced to nil all the work we had done"
"we racked up a pathetic goose egg"
"it was all for naught"
"I didn't hear zilch about it"
{n: nymphalid, nymphalid butterfly, brush-footed butterfly, four-footed butterfly} medium to large butterflies found worldwide typically having brightly colored wings and much-reduced nonfunctional forelegs carried folded on the breast
{n: ocean sunfish, sunfish, mola, headfish} among the largest bony fish; pelagic fish having an oval compressed body with high dorsal and anal fins and caudal fin reduced to a rudder-like lobe; worldwide in warm waters
{n: opacity, opaqueness} the quality of being opaque to a degree; the degree to which something reduces the passage of light
<-> clarity
{n: oxidation-reduction indicator} an indicator that shows a reversible color change between oxidized and reduced forms
{n: pay cut, salary cut} the act of reducing a salary
{n: piquet} a card game for two players using a reduced pack of 32 cards
{n: pravastatin, Pravachol} an oral drug (trade name Pravachol) administered to reduce blood cholesterol levels; recommended after nonfatal heart attacks
{n: presbyopia} farsightedness resulting from a reduced ability to focus caused by loss of elasticity of the crystalline lens with age
{n: probenecid} a uricosuric drug that reduces the level of uric acid in the blood; used to treat gout
{n: procyclidine, Kemadrin} drug (trade name Kemadrin) used to reduce tremors in Parkinsonism
{n: rate of depreciation, depreciation rate} the rate at which the value of property is reduced; used to calculate tax deduction
{n: reduced instruction set computing, reduced instruction set computer, RISC} (computer science) a kind of computer architecture that has a relatively small set of computer instructions that it can perform
<-> CISC, complex instruction set computer, complex instruction set computing
{n: reducing agent, reducer, reductant} a substance capable of bringing about the reduction of another substance as it itself is oxidized; used in photography to lessen the density of a negative or print by oxidizing some of the slackened silver
{n: reducing diet, obesity diet} a diet designed to help you lose weight (especially fat)
{n: reducing} loss of excess weight (as by dieting); becoming slimmer
"a doctor supervised her reducing"
{n: reduction gear} gearing that reduces an input speed to a slower output speed
{n: reduction, reducing} any process in which electrons are added to an atom or ion (as by removing oxygen or adding hydrogen); always occurs accompanied by oxidation of the reducing agent
{n: reduction, simplification} the act of reducing complexity
{n: redundancy} repetition of messages to reduce the probability of errors in transmission
{n: reforestation, re-afforestation} the restoration (replanting) of a forest that had been reduced by fire or cutting
{n: relaxation, relaxation method} a method of solving simultaneous equations by guessing a solution and then reducing the errors that result by successive approximations until all the errors are less than some specified amount
{n: relief, alleviation, assuagement} the feeling that comes when something burdensome is removed or reduced
"as he heard the news he was suddenly flooded with relief"
{n: reliever, allayer, comforter} a person who reduces the intensity (e.g., of fears) and calms and pacifies
"a reliever of anxiety"
"an allayer of fears"
{n: religious trance, ecstatic state} a trance induced by intense religious devotion; does not show reduced bodily functions that are typical of other trances
{n: repositing, reposition, storage, warehousing} depositing in a warehouse
"they decided to reposition their furniture in a recommended repository in Brooklyn"
"my car is in storage"
"publishers reduced print runs to cut down the cost of warehousing"
{n: respiratory acidosis, carbon dioxide acidosis} acidosis resulting from reduced gas exchange in the lungs (as in emphysema or pneumonia); excess carbon dioxide combines with water to form carbonic acid which increases the acidity of the blood
{n: restrainer} a chemical that is added to a photographic developer in order to retard development and reduce the amount of fog on a film
{n: rheumatic heart disease} heart disease caused by recurrent episodes of rheumatic fever; characterized by changes in the myocardium or scarring of the heart valves that reduce the power of the heart to pump blood
{n: rollback} reducing prices back to some earlier level
{n: sale, cut-rate sale, sales event} an occasion (usually brief) for buying at specially reduced prices
"they held a sale to reduce their inventory"
"I got some great bargains at their annual sale"
{n: schematization, schematisation} the act of reducing to a scheme or formula
{n: sea hare, Aplysia punctata} naked marine gastropod having a soft body with reduced internal shell and two pairs of ear-like tentacles
{n: security blanket} a blanket (or toy) that a child carries around in order to reduce anxiety
{n: security blanket} anything that an adult person uses to reduce their anxiety
{n: sedation} a state of reduced excitement or anxiety that is induced by the administrative of a sedative agent
{n: sedative, sedative drug, depressant, downer} a drug that reduces excitability and calms a person
{n: sedative-hypnotic, sedative-hypnotic drug} a sedative that depresses activity of the central nervous system and reduces anxiety and induces sleep
{n: service cutback} the act of reducing service
{n: shock} (pathology) bodily collapse or near collapse caused by inadequate oxygen delivery to the cells; characterized by reduced cardiac output and rapid heartbeat and circulatory insufficiency and pallor
"loss of blood is an important cause of shock"
{n: silencer, muffler} a tubular acoustic device inserted in the exhaust system that is designed to reduce noise
{n: simplification} a explanation that omits superfluous details and reduces complexity
{n: simvastatin, Zocor} an oral lipid-lowering medicine (trade name Zocor) administered to reduce blood cholesterol levels; recommended after heart attacks
{n: skeleton} something reduced to its minimal form
"the battalion was a mere skeleton of its former self"
"the bare skeleton of a novel"
{n: skink, scincid, scincid lizard} alert agile lizard with reduced limbs and an elongated body covered with shiny scales; more dependent on moisture than most lizards; found in tropical regions worldwide
{n: spark arrester} electrical device to reduce sparking when electrical contacts are opened or closed
{n: spearfish} any of several large vigorous pelagic fishes resembling sailfishes but with first dorsal fin much reduced; worldwide but rare
{n: special} a special offering (usually temporary and at a reduced price) that is featured in advertising
"they are having a special on pork chops"
{n: spending cut} the act of reducing spending
{n: spoiler} a hinged airfoil on the upper surface of an aircraft wing that is raised to reduce lift and increase drag
{n: spoiler} an airfoil mounted on the rear of a car to reduce lift at high speeds
{n: stemmer, stemming algorithm} an algorithm for removing inflectional and derivational endings in order to reduce word forms to a common stem
{n: step-down transformer} a transformer that reduces voltage
{n: stock, inventory} the merchandise that a shop has on hand
"they carried a vast inventory of hardware"
"they stopped selling in exact sizes in order to reduce inventory"
{n: sulfonylurea} antidiabetic consisting of any of several drugs that reduce the level of glucose in the blood; used to treat diabetes mellitus
{n: supernumerary} a person serving no apparent function
"reducing staff is difficult because our employees include no supernumeraries"
{n: superoxide, superoxide anion} the univalent anion O2-
"much of the O2 supporting cellular respiration is reduced to the superoxide anion O2-"
{n: support hose, support stocking} elasticized stocking intended to reduce pressure on the veins of the leg (as in case of varicose veins)
{n: sympathetic nervous system} originates in the thoracic regions of the spinal cord; opposes physiological effects of the parasympathetic: reduces digestive secretions; speeds the heart; contracts blood vessels
{n: take-up} a device for reducing slack or taking up lost motion
{n: tax advantage} an advantage bestowed by legislation that reduces a tax on some preferred activity
{n: tax cut} the act of reducing taxation
"the new administration's large tax cut was highly controversial"
{n: tax shelter, shelter} a way of organizing business to reduce the taxes it must pay on current earnings
{n: tax write-off, tax deduction, deduction} a reduction in the gross amount on which a tax is calculated; reduces taxes by the percentage fixed for the taxpayer's income bracket
{n: third-class mail, third class} mail consisting of printed matter qualifying for reduced postal rates
{n: thriftshop, second-hand store} a shop that sells secondhand goods at reduced prices
{n: tranquilizer, tranquillizer, tranquilliser, antianxiety agent, ataractic drug, ataractic agent, ataractic} a drug used to reduce stress or tension without reducing mental clarity
{n: tunnel} a passageway through or under something, usually underground (especially one for trains or cars)
"the tunnel reduced congestion at that intersection"
{n: unit} an individual or group or structure or other entity regarded as a structural or functional constituent of a whole
"the reduced the number of units and installations"
"the word is a basic linguistic unit"
{n: vasopressin, antidiuretic hormone, ADH, Pitressin} hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland (trade name Pitressin) and also by nerve endings in the hypothalamus; affects blood pressure by stimulating capillary muscles and reduces urine flow by affecting reabsorption of water by kidney tubules
{n: vat dye, vat color} a water-insoluble dye that is applied by reducing the dye to an alkaline form, applying the dye, then regenerating the insoluble dye by oxidation in the material; used for dyeing cotton
{n: weakening} the act of reducing the strength of something
<-> strengthening
{n: wetting agent, wetter, surfactant, surface-active agent} a substance capable of reducing the surface tension of a liquid in which it is dissolved
{n: windbreak, shelterbelt} hedge or fence of trees designed to lessen the force of the wind and reduce erosion
{v: abridge, foreshorten, abbreviate, shorten, cut, contract, reduce} reduce in scope while retaining essential elements
"The manuscript must be shortened"
<-> expand
{v: bankrupt, ruin, break, smash} reduce to bankruptcy
"My daughter's fancy wedding is going to break me!"
"The slump in the financial markets smashed him"
{v: beggar, pauperize, pauperise} reduce to beggary
{v: blow up, enlarge, magnify} make large
"blow up an image"
<-> reduce
{v: boil down, reduce, decoct, concentrate} be cooked until very little liquid is left
"The sauce should reduce to one cup"
{v: bridge, bridge over} connect or reduce the distance between
{v: calcine} heat a substance so that it oxidizes or reduces
{v: choke, throttle} reduce the air supply
"choke a carburetor"
{v: crack} reduce (petroleum) to a simpler compound by cracking
{v: cremate} reduce to ashes
"Cremate a corpse"
{v: cut} have a reducing effect
"This cuts into my earnings"
{v: dampen} reduce the amplitude (of oscillations or waves)
{v: de-emphasize, de-emphasise, destress} reduce the emphasis
{v: de-escalate, weaken, step down} reduce the level or intensity or size or scope of
"de-escalate a crisis"
<-> escalate
{v: decelerate, slow down} reduce the speed of
"He slowed down the car"
<-> accelerate
{v: decouple} reduce or eliminate the coupling of (one circuit or part to another)
{v: deflate, puncture} reduce or lessen the size or importance of
"The bad review of his work deflated his self-confidence"
{v: deflate} reduce or cut back the amount or availability of, creating a decline in value or prices
"deflate the currency"
<-> inflate
{v: degrade, cheapen} lower the grade of something ; reduce its worth
{v: degrade} reduce the level of land, as by erosion
<-> aggrade
{v: demote, bump, relegate, break, kick downstairs} assign to a lower position ; reduce in rank
"She was demoted because she always speaks up"
"He was broken down to Sargeant"
<-> promote
{v: deoxidize, deoxidise, reduce} to remove oxygen from a compound, or cause to react with hydrogen or form a hydride, or to undergo an increase in the number of electrons
<-> oxidise, oxidize
{v: depopulate, desolate} reduce in population
"The epidemic depopulated the countryside"
{v: dilute, thin, thin out, reduce, cut} lessen the strength or flavor of a solution or mixture
"cut bourbon"
{v: divest, disinvest} reduce or dispose of ; cease to hold (an investment)
"The company decided to divest"
"the board of trustees divested $20 million in real estate property"
"There was pressure on the univeristy to disinvest in South Africa"
<-> invest
{v: draw} reduce the diameter of (a wire or metal rod) by pulling it through a die
"draw wire"
{v: ease up, ease off, let up} reduce pressure or intensity
"he eased off the gas pedal and the car slowed down"
{v: encapsulate, capsule, capsulize, capsulise} put in a short or concise form ; reduce in volume
"capsulize the news"
{v: gain, put on} increase (one's body weight)
"She gained 20 pounds when she stopped exercising"
<-> reduce
{v: grate} reduce to small shreds or pulverize by rubbing against a rough or sharp perforated surface
"grate carrots and onions"
"grate nutmeg"
{v: grind, mash, crunch, bray, comminute} reduce to small pieces or particles by pounding or abrading
"grind the spices in a mortar"
"mash the garlic"
{v: incinerate} become reduced to ashes
"The paper incinerated quickly"
{v: laicize, laicise} reduce to lay status
"laicize the parochial schools"
{v: mark down} reduce the price of
<-> mark up
{v: melt, run, melt down} reduce or cause to be reduced from a solid to a liquid state, usually by heating
"melt butter"
"melt down gold"
"The wax melted in the sun"
{v: microcopy} photocopy printed or other graphic matter so that it is reduced in size
{v: obtund} reduce the edge or violence of
"obtunded reflexes"
{v: pulp} reduce to pulp
"pulp fruit"
"pulp wood"
{v: quench} reduce the degree of (luminescence or phosphorescence) in (excited molecules or a material) by adding a suitable substance
{v: reduce, boil down, concentrate} cook until very little liquid is left
"The cook reduced the sauce by boiling it for a long time"
{v: reduce, come down, boil down} be the essential element
"The proposal boils down to a compromise"
{v: reduce, cut down, cut back, trim, trim down, trim back, cut, bring down} cut down on ; make a reduction in
"reduce your daily fat intake"
"The employer wants to cut back health benefits"
{v: reduce, melt off, lose weight, slim, slenderize, thin, slim down} take off weight
<-> gain
{v: reduce, scale down} make smaller
"reduce an image"
<-> blow up
{v: reduce, tighten} narrow or limit
"reduce the influx of foreigners"
{v: reduce} bring to humbler or weaker state or condition
"He reduced the population to slavery"
{v: reduce} lessen and make more modest
"reduce one's standard of living"
{v: reduce} lower in grade or rank or force somebody into an undignified situation
"She reduced her niece to a servant"
{v: reduce} make less complex
"reduce a problem to a single question"
{v: reduce} reposition (a broken bone after surgery) back to its normal site
{v: reduce} simplify the form of a mathematical equation of expression by substituting one term for another
{v: reduce} undergo meiosis
"The cells reduce"
{v: reef} reduce (a sail) by taking in a reef
{v: reef} roll up (a portion of a sail) in order to reduce its area
{v: refine, rectify} reduce to a fine, unmixed, or pure state ; separate from extraneous matter or cleanse from impurities
"refine sugar"
{v: refine} attenuate or reduce in vigor, strength, or validity by polishing or purifying
"many valuable nutrients are refined out of the foods in our modern diet"
{v: repress, quash, keep down, subdue, subjugate, reduce} put down by force or intimidation
"The government quashes any attempt of an uprising"
"China keeps down her dissidents very efficiently"
"The rich landowners subjugated the peasants working the land"
{v: ruin} reduce to ruins
"The country lay ruined after the war"
{v: save} spend less ; buy at a reduced price
{v: scale down} reduce proportionally
"The model is scaled down"
<-> scale up
{v: schematize} formulate in regular order ; to reduce to a scheme or formula
"The chemists schematized the various reactions in a coherent fashion"
{v: sell off} get rid of by selling, usually at reduced prices
"The store sold off the surplus merchandise"
{v: shave} make shavings of or reduce to shavings
"shave the radish"
{v: shorten} make shorter than originally intended ; reduce or retrench in length or duration
"He shortened his trip due to illness"
<-> lengthen
{v: shrink, reduce} reduce in size ; reduce physically
"Hot water will shrink the sweater"
"Can you shrink this image?"
{v: simplify} make simpler or easier or reduce in complxity or extent
"We had to simplify the instructions"
"this move will simplify our lives"
<-> complicate
{v: systematize, systematise, systemize, systemise} arrange according to a system or reduce to a system
"systematize our scientific knowledge"
{v: take down, degrade, disgrace, demean, put down} reduce in worth or character, usually verbally
"She tends to put down younger women colleagues"
"His critics took him down after the lecture"
{v: write off, write down} reduce the estimated value of something
"For tax purposes you can write off the laser printer"
The longer the delay, the more likely it is that information obtained after the event will interfere with the original memory, which reduces accuracy.
拖延的时间越长，事件之后得到的信息越有可能与原始的记忆相冲突，从而降低其准确性。
Witnesses may sec or read information after the event, then integrate it to produce something other than what was experienced, significantly reducing the reliability of their memory of an event or offender.
目击者事后会看到、读到一些信息，然后将它融合进来，产生出某种与所经历过的事情不同的东西，使他们对事件和罪犯记忆的可靠性大大降低。
" It is the most dangerous place I 've ever worked in my life, " Bell said of Bosnia, " but there are measures you can take to reduce the risks.
谈到波斯尼亚，贝尔说： "这是我一生中工作过的最危险的地方，但是你可以采取一些措施减少危险。
" The qualities needed to succeed in the network economy can be reduced to this: a facility for charging into the unknown. "
"在网络经济中取得成功所需的素质可以一言以蔽之：一种冲入未知领域的技能。 "
A study published in last month's international Journal of Social Indicators Research, however, found that meditation did have the power to dramatically reduce crime.
然而在上个月出版的国际性刊物《社会指南研究期刊》上刊登的一篇研究文章发现，沉思冥想的确有意想不到的减少犯罪的力量。
Each prison does, however, have the discretion to choose programmes which have a " proven " track record in reducing re-offending ".
然而，每个监狱都确实有权自行决定选择那些具有 "在减少重新犯罪方面已被证实的追踪记录 "的计划方法。
This, the locals hope, will cause the water level in the northern part to rise, thus reducing its salinity and restoring the fishing industry.
当地人民希望这一举措能促使北部海域的水位回升，从而降低海水含盐量，恢复渔业生产。
But for those, like me, who still see Piaget as the giant in the field of cognitive theory, the difference between what the baby brings and what the adult has is so immense that the new discoveries do not significantly reduce the gap but only increase the mystery.
但是对于像我这样，仍把皮雅杰看作是认知领域的伟人的一些人而言，婴儿天生具有的和成人拥有的知识的区别是如此之大，以至于新的发现没有明显地缩小差异，却反而增加了神秘感。
When confronted by a difficult problem you can solve it more easily by reducing it to the question " how would adventure star Indiana Jones handle this? "
碰到难题时，把它简化成这样一个问题－ "惊险片明星印第安那·琼斯会怎样处理？ "你就能比较容易地解决它了。
The drugs work by blocking calcium from initiating muscle contractions in the heart and the walls of blood vessels. This allows blood vessels to relax, reducing blood pressure.
这种药物能够阻断钙离子运行，降低心肌收缩力，减缓血管壁收缩，从而扩张血管、降低血压。
Their benefit appears to come from reducing the heart rate. b2阻滞剂主要通过降低心率达到治疗高血压的目的。
Alpha-blockers, which work on the sympathetic nervous system to reduce blood pressure, used to be widely prescribed.
作用于交感神经系统的 a2阻滞剂能够降低血压，过去经常被医生们大量使用。
Doing it naturally - with simple lifestyle changes such as losing weight, exercising more, reducing salt intake and drinking less alcohol - can be just as effective and lead to a lot fewer complications.
改变生活方式──如减少体重、多做运动、减少盐分的摄入量、少饮酒──同样能够有效地降低血压，同时也会大大地减少并发症发生的几率。
In another, an electrode that blocks pain signals, reducing them to a mere tingling sensation, is surgically implanted.
另一个办法：通过外科手术植入一个电极，它能截断痛感信号，将这些信号减少到仅仅是一种麻刺感觉。
We can reduce the text to bits( which we can not see or hear), take this new representation and store it, manipulate it or transmit it, and then later render it on a computer display or a piece of paper.
我们能将文本简化成比特（我们既不能看见也不能听见比特），采用这新的表现方式并把它储存起来，加以处理或传送，然后把它投放到一台电脑显示屏幕上或者打印在一张纸上。
I also long for passenger friction-reducing technologies.
我还渴盼出现一些能减少乘坐汽车的人之间摩擦的技术。
In recent years computer and Internet penetration has grown rapidly in Sweden, due mainly to corporate initiatives such as Employee Purchase Programs whereby companies sell computers to their employees at reduced prices.
近年来，瑞典的计算和互联网普及率快速增长，这主要归功于瑞典各公司采取的各种创新措施，如雇员购买计划，此计划，公司以折扣格向员工出售电脑。
And we can reduce costs to enhance efficiency.
我们还可以降低成本，提高效益。
Besides reducing traffic congestion, the system is expected to help decrease Bangkok's air pollution.
这条铁路的修建不仅可以缓解交通拥挤，还有助于改善曼谷的空气污染。
Today they get 350 hours, and in three years, that number will be reduced to 290.
现在，只有 350学时，三年后这一数字将减少到 290学时。
The Japanese education system was once known for its discipline and high standards; today there is a dumbing-down of the curriculum by lowering standards and greatly reducing the content taught in classrooms.
日本教育制度以前曾以纪律严明、标准高而著称。今天，却出现了通过降低标准、大幅度削减课堂教学内容等方法简化课程的现象。
Fed up with sleeping in a crib, the toddler found a screwdriver and reduced his jail to its component parts.
还在学走路时，这个脚步蹒跚的小家伙不喜欢在婴儿床上睡觉，于是找到一把螺丝起子，把婴儿床卸了个七零八落。
Maybe downloading music from the Web will reduce the demand for CD cases.
从网上下载音乐也许可以降低激光唱片盒的市场需求量。
In the long run, we have to reduce the amount of material we use in the first place.
从长远来看，我们首先必须降低原材料的消耗量。
Data from a new study of 120,000 nurses suggest that protein from poultry and dairy foods-but not from red meat-may reduce by one-third the risk of dying of cancer.
一组基于 12万名护士的研究数据显示，源自家禽和奶制品而非牛羊肉的蛋白质可以将癌症死亡率降低 1。
The new obesity drugs may work for some; bariatric surgery - in which the stomach is surgically reduced - an help those most severely obese; extended counseling combined with a diet and exercise regime can be the answer for others.
新研制的减肥药可能对一些患者有效；动手术──胃的一部分被切除──可以帮助那些胖得离谱的患者；广泛的咨询加上节食和锻炼则适用于其他的患者。
Finland, which has some of the heaviest people in Europe - offers an excellent example of what can be done on a large scale, at least when it comes to reducing heart disease.
至少在采取大规模措施降低心脏病患者人数这方面，芬兰──欧洲一些最胖的人就出自这个国家──为我们树立了良好的榜样。
In fact, the focus remains on eliminating smoking, still the number one killer, along with cancer and cardiovascular disease, whose rates will not decline, of course, unless obesity is reduced.
事实上，政府关注的焦点一直是禁烟，因为烟草仍是排在首位的杀手，同时还有癌症和心血管病，只是如果肥胖症患者不减少的话，患这两种疾病的人数也不可能降低。
A former employee of a pharmaceutical firm, he has written 11 books which have sold 9 million copies in 28 countries, espousing the Montignac Method: consume those carbohydrates that reduce the glucose in the blood.
他曾在一家制药公司就职。迄今为止，为宣扬蒙特泰纳饮食疗法，他已经写了 11本书，在 28个国家的销量高达 900万册。这种疗法就是主张食用可以降低血液中葡萄糖含量的碳水化合物。
Five servings a day may reduce the odds of ischemic stroke by 25%, and 10 servings * swallow hard * by 31%.
每天吃五次水果或蔬菜，可以将局部缺血性中风发生的几率降低 25%，如果每天吃十次──也就是说大吃特吃，则可以降低 31%。
Scientists speculate that megadoses of antioxidants such as vitamins E and C may reduce the cell damage associated with severe memory loss.
科学家们猜测，大剂量服用诸如维生素 E 和维生素 C 之类的抗氧化剂可以减缓导致严重失忆的细胞损坏。
Physicians also recommend prescription doses of anti-inflammatory agents such as Naprosyn and ibuprofen to reduce Alzheimer's-related inflammation.
医生也认为按处方开出的剂量服用诸如普生和布洛芬之类的抗炎药，可以减少老年痴呆症引发的炎症。
If any cells show signs of the early mutations that lead to cancer, doctors can suggest the drug tamoxifen, which is believed to reduce the risk of breast cancer by suppressing precancerous cells.
如果有任何细胞呈现早期致癌的变异，医生可建议使用它莫西芬，这是一种有效抑制早期癌细胞的药，可减少癌病的发生。
A recent study of 48,000 fruit and vegetable-eating men revealed that only those who ate cruciferous vegetables reduced their risk of bladder cancer.
最近对 48, 000名吃蔬菜和水果的人进行的一项研究显示，只有吃十字花科蔬菜的人得膀胱癌的可能性才小一些。
A substance called resveratrol, found in grape skins, may reduce levels of bad cholesterol.
在葡萄皮上发现的一种叫做 resveratrol 的物质，有可能降低有害胆固醇水平。
The resultant warming at the surface could be expected to melt snow and ice, reducing the Earth's reflectivity.
在地球表面随之而产生的升温作用可望融化冰雪。减弱地球的反射能力。
It then passes through a second heat exchanger, the evaporator, which transfers heat from the air to the refrigerant, reducing the temperature of this second body of air.
接着，它流经第二个热交换器，即蒸发机，将热量从气体转换为致冷剂，从而将这第二团气体的压力加以降低。
As a result, much of the early work on the nonelite was aridly statistical in nature; reducing the vast majority of the population to a set of numbers was hardly more enlightening than ignoring them altogether.
这样一来，大部分对非精英阶层的早期研究在性质上仅是枯燥的统计学研究；将人口中广大的平民大众缩略为一组数字，这与其说具有任何启迪作用，还不如将其彻底忽略不计。
There are conditions under which the introduction of a real particle of finite mass into an empty region of space can reduce the total energy.
在某些条件下，将一颗质量有限的实粒子引入一个空无一物的空间区域内，会减少整体的能量。
President Bush says plans to close or reduce dozens of military bases across the United States will save nearly $50 billion over 20 years. He told future officers that those savings will help fund new technologies to make U.S. fighting forces faster, lighter, more agile, and more lethal.
布什总统说，关闭或者减少美国几十个军事基地可以在20年里节省近500亿美元。他告诉这些未来的指挥官们，节省下来的资金可以用于新的技术，让美国军队行动更迅速，更加轻装和敏捷，致命率更高。
还原剂 reducing agent
腹部减肥 reduce abdomen
减肥仪 weight reducing apparatus
激光诱导毛细管振动测量 laser-reduced capillary vibration det…
轻身延寿 to reduce body weight and prolong life.
HS84481100
Dobbies,Jacquards,card reducing,for machines of 84.44,45,46,47
多臂机或提花机及其卡片的加工或汇编机器
HS84551030
Tube rolling mill with capacity to rix-reduce diameter
定、减径轧管机
HS84811000
Valves, pressure reducing
减压阀
HS9503
Other toys; reduced-size ( "scale" ) models and similar recreational models, working or not;
其他玩具；娱乐用模型；各种智力玩具
HS95032000
Reduced-size model assembly kits, excluding 9503.10
缩小（按比例缩小）的全套模型组件，可活动
spsc-31161809
Reducing washers
异径垫圈
spsc-40142321
Pipe reducing couplings
管子转接管套
F04
Organic amnesic syndrome, not induced by alcohol and other psychoactive
substances
A syndrome of prominent impairment of recent and remote memory while immediate recall is
preserved, with reduced ability to learn new material and disorientation in time.
Confabulation may be a marked feature, but perception and other cognitive functions,
including the intellect, are usually intact. The prognosis depends on the course of the
underlying lesion.
Korsakov's psychosis or syndrome, nonalcoholic
Excludes: amnesia:
. NOS (R41.3)
. anterograde (R41.1)
. dissociative (F44.0)
. retrograde (R41.2)
Korsakov's syndrome:
. alcohol-induced or unspecified (F10.6)
. induced by other psychoactive substances (F11- F19 with common fourth character .6)
非因酒精及其他精神作用物质引起之器质性失忆徵
候群
为一近程与远程记忆力明显缺损之徵候群。立即性
回忆仍被保守 ， 但学习新事务之能力明显地降低 ，
导致对时间之定向感障碍。虚谈现象可以是一个明
显的表徵 ， 但知觉及其他认知功能 ， 包含智能 ， 通
常是完整的。预後则依其潜在病灶之病程而定。
柯沙科夫氏徵候群或精神病症 ， 非酒精性
不包含 ： 失忆症 ：
． 其他未明示的 (R41.3)
． 前行性 (R41.1)
． 解离性 (F44.0)
． 逆行性 (R41.2)
柯沙科夫徵候群 ：
． 酒精性或未明示的 (F10.6)
． 其他精神作用物质引起的 (F11-F19 中具第 4 码 .6 者 )
F06.7
Mild cognitive disorder
A disorder characterized by impairment of memory, learning difficulties, and reduced
ability to concentrate on a task for more than brief periods. There is often a marked
feeling of mental fatigue when mental tasks are attempted, and new learning is found to be
subjectively difficult even when objectively successful. None of these symptoms is so
severe that a diagnosis of either dementia (F00-F03) or delirium (F05.-) can be made. This
diagnosis should be made only in association with a specified physical disorder, and
should not be made in the presence of any of the mental or behavioural disorders
classified to F10-F99. The disorder may precede accompany, or follow a wide variety of
infections and physical disorders both cerebral and systemic, but direct evidence of
cerebral involvement is not necessarily present. It can be differentiated from
postencephalitic syndrome (F07.1) and postconcussional syndrome (F07.2) by its different
etiology, more restricted range of generally milder symptoms , and usually shorter
duration.
轻度认知障碍症
主要表徵为记忆障碍 ， 学习或注意力集中困难。当
要用脑力时 ， 会有明显的脑力疲倦之感觉 （ 无力感
） ， 要学习新东西时 ， 甚至客观上学习的很成功 ，
但主观上一直觉得学习得不好 ， 而有学习之困难。
这些症状均属轻微程度 ， 所以无法作痴呆 （F00-F03） 或
谵妄 （F05.-） 之诊断。这个诊断只当有连带之身体疾
病才能诊断 ， 若有 F10-F99 种种精神疾病同存时 ， 即不
能作此诊断。此疾病发生於种种发炎或其他身体疾
病之前後或同时发生 ， 这些同存身体疾病包含脑之
疾病 ， 但这些种种身体疾病不一定有直接证据可以
显现脑部之障碍。此疾病应与脑炎後徵候群 （F07.1）
与脑震汤後徵候群 （F07.2） 做区分 ， 其鉴别之重点是
病因不同、程度较轻、症状范围较狭窄、期间较短
。
F07.2
Postconcussional syndrome
A syndrome that occurs following head trauma (usually sufficiently severe to result in
loss of consciousness) and includes a number of disparate symptoms such as headache,
dizziness, fatigue, irritability, difficulty in concentration and performing mental tasks,
impairment of memory, insomnia, and reduced tolerance to stress, emotional excitement, or
alcohol.
Postcontusional syndrome (encephalopathy)
Post-traumatic brain syndrome, nonpsychotic
脑震汤後徵候群
此徵候群发生於头部创伤 （ 通常严重到造成意识丧
失 ） 之後 ， 并包含一些不同的症状 ， 诸如头痛、头
晕 （ 通常缺乏真正眩晕的现象 ） ， 疲倦 ， 易激怒性
， 专心操作心智事务产生困难 ， 记忆缺损 ， 失眠 ，
以及对压力、情绪兴奋、或酒精之忍受力降低。
脑挫伤後徵候群 （ 脑病变 ）
创伤後脑徵候群 ， 非精神病性
F32
Depressive episode
In typical mild, moderate, or severe depressive episodes, the patient suffers from
lowering of mood, reduction of energy, and decrease in activity. Capacity for enjoyment,
interest, and concentration is reduced, and marked tiredness after even minimum effort is
common. Sleep is usually disturbed and appetite diminished. Self-esteem and self-
confidence are almost always reduced and, even in the mild form, some ideas of guilt or
worthlessness are often present. The lowered mood varies little from day to day, is
unresponsive to circumstances and may be accompanied by so-called "somatic"
symptoms, such as loss of interest and pleasurable feelings, waking in the morning several
hours before the usual time, depression worst in the morning, marked psychomotor
retardation, agitation, loss of appetite, weight loss, and loss of libido. Depending upon
the number and severity of the symptoms, a depressive episode may be specified as mild,
moderate or severe.
Includes: single episodes of:
. depressive reaction
. psychogenic depression
. reactive depression
Excludes: adjustment disorder (F43.2)
recurrent depressive disorder (F33.-)
when associated with conduct disorders in F91.- (F92.0)
郁症发作
典型的轻度 (F32.0) 、中度 (F32.1) 或重度 (F32.2及.3) 忧郁症发
作 ， 患者通常有忧郁情绪 ， 体力下降 ， 活动降低。
快乐感、兴趣、注意力均减低 ， 只稍微做事後即有
明显的疲倦是常见的。睡眠障碍 ， 食欲减低 ， 自我
评价与自信减低 ， 有罪恶感与无用感的意念 （ 甚至
在轻度忧郁发作时亦存在 ） 。每一天的情绪持续低
潮 ， 变化不大 ， 对生活情境常无反应。
上述症状中的一些项目可能很显着 ， 且展现特异之
表徵 ， 此特异表徵被普遍地认为有特殊临床意义。
最典型的例子是所谓的 ＂ 常伴有身体性 (somatic) 症状 ″
， 如失去兴趣或快乐感 ， 较平日睡醒时间更早数小
时睡醒 ， 一天之中早上更加忧郁 ， 精神运动迟滞或
激动 ， 丧失食欲 ， 体重减轻 ， 丧失性欲。由上述症
状数目与严重度 ， 可以区分为轻度 (F32.0) 、中度 （F32.1)
及重度 (F32.3及.3) 忧郁发作。
包含 ： 单一次发作 ：
． 忧郁反应
． 心因性忧郁
． 反应性忧郁
不包含 ： 适应障碍症 （F43.2)
复发性郁症 （F33.-）
伴有 F91.- 之行为障碍症 (F92.0)
F50.1
Atypical anorexia nervosa
Disorders that fulfil some of the features of anorexia nervosa but in which the overall
clinical picture does not justify that diagnosis. For instance, one of the key symptoms,
such as amenorrhoea or marked dread of being fat, may be absent in the presence of marked
weight loss and weight-reducing behaviour. This diagnosis should not be made in the
presence of known physical disorders associated with weight loss.
非典型厌食症
放此诊断的病人符合部份厌食症的病徵 ， 但整体说
来 ， 临床表现并不符合厌食症的诊断。例如 ， 病人
可能有明显的体重减轻 ， 和引发体重减轻的行为 ，
但缺少一些厌食症的关键症状 ， 例如无月经或明显
地恐惧肥胖。如果已知存在有身体疾病伴随体重降
低时则不可放此诊断。
F62.1
Enduring personality change after psychiatric illness
Personality change, persisting for at least two years, attributable to the traumatic
experience of suffering from a severe psychiatric illness. The change cannot be explained
by a previous personality disorder and should be differentiated from residual
schizophrenia and other states of incomplete recovery from an antecedent mental disorder.
This disorder is characterized by an excessive dependence on and a demanding attitude
towards others; conviction of being changed or stigmatized by the illness, leading to an
inability to form and maintain close and confiding personal relationships and to social
isolation; passivity, reduced interests, and diminished involvement in leisure activities;
persistent complaints of being ill, which may be associated with hypochondriacal claims
and illness behaviour; dysphoric or labile mood, not due to the presence of a current
mental disorder or antecedent mental disorder with residual affective symptoms; and
longstanding problems in social and occupational functioning.
精神疾病後长久人格变异症
由於承受严重精神疾病的创伤经验所引发的人格改
变 ， 至少得持续两年。此种改变无法以先前存在的
人格违常来解释 ， 必须与精神分裂症残馀症状及其
他先前存在精神疾病未完全康复状态做鉴别诊断 ，
此种人格违常之特质 ： 对他人过度依赖且过度要求
， 由於疾病所影响或心中烙印此一疾病 ， 导致无法
与他人形成且维持亲密而信赖的人际关系 ， 造成社
会孤立 ； 显得较被动 ； 兴趣变的较低落 ， 且减少休
闲活动之参与 ， 不断抱怨处於生病之中 ， 可能附带
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