process [ 'prəuses] n.过程；工序 vt.加工
process [prə'ses] n. 过程,程序,方法 v. 制作,加工,处理
process ['prəuses] 进程
processing 处理
帮倒忙 trying to help but causing more trouble in the process
出口加工区 export processing zones
汉字处理软件 Chinese character processing software
计算机中央处理器 central processing unit(CPU)
来料加工 process materials supplied by clients; accept customers' materials for processing
深加工 deep processing; further processing
三来一补企业 "the enterprises that process raw materials on clients' demands, assemble parts for the clients and process according to the clients' samples; or engage in compensation trade."
"In his important address to the Central Ideological and Political Work Conference on June 28 this year, Party General Secretary Jiang Zemin expounds on how to understand the historical process of socialist development; how to understand the historical process of capitalist development; how to understand the impact of China's socialist reform over the people's thinking; how to understand the impact of the current international environment and political struggle."
通存通兑 the banking procedure where deposits and withdrawals are processed at any branch bank
中文信息处理系统 Chinese information processing system
中东和平进程 the Middle East peace process
住房分配货币化进程 capitalization process of housing distribution
ACP Additive Colour Process 加色法
CPU Central Processing Unit 中央处理单元
DSP Digital Signal Processing 数字信号处理
ISA Information Processing Center 信息处理中心
Petroleum Processing Company 石油炼制公司
TP Transaction Processing 事务处理
胶版四色油墨 four colors process offset ink
适用于四色胶印机或一般胶印机，采用四色印刷工艺的，黄、品红、青、黑成套油墨，印制彩照或彩画原稿之用。
Tea Processing Factory 茶厂
Non-ferrous Metals Processing Factory 有色金属加工厂
Metal Processing Factory 金属加工厂
Standard for Dipping and Coating Processes Using Flammable or Combustible Liquids
易燃液体浸渍及涂料工艺标准
Standard for the Design and Installation of Oxygen-Fuel Gas Systems for Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes
焊接、切割及相关用途的氧气燃料系统的设计、安装标准
Standard for the Protection of Electronic Computer/Data Processing Equipment
电子计算机/数据处理设备的保护标准
Standard for Industrial Furnaces Using a Special Processing Atmosphere
使用经处理的气体作燃料的工业熔炉标准
Standard for the Storage, Handling and Processing of Magnesium Solids and Powders
镁颗粒和粉末的存储、处理和处置标准
Standard for the Production, Processing, Handling, and Storage of Titanium
铝的制造、处置、处理和存储标准
Standard for the Production, Processing, Handling and Storage of Zirconium
锌的制造、处置、处理和存储标准
Standard for the Storage, Handling, Processing, and Use of Lithium Metal
锂的存储、处理、处置和使用的标准
Recommended Practice for the Classification of Flammable Liquids, Gases, or Vapors and of Hazardous (Classified) Locations for Electrical Installations in Chemical Process Areas
易燃液体、气体或蒸汽分类和化工生产区中电气装置危险品（经分类）设置分类推荐实施规程
Recommended Practice for the Classification of Combustible Dusts and of Hazardous (Classified) Locations for Electrical Installations in Chemical Process Areas
可燃灰尘分类和化工生产区中电气装置危险品（经分类）设置分类推荐实施规程
Standard for the Prevention of Fire and Dust Explosions from the Manufacturing, Processing, and Handling of Combustible Particulate Solids
易燃固体微粒生产、处置和处理防火和防爆的预防标准
Standard for the Prevention of Fires and Explosions in Wood Processing and Woodworking Facilities
森林防火防爆处理和林木工作设备标准
inspection between process 工序间检验
processing trade 来料加工贸易
inspection between process 工序间检验
GPU （Graphics Processing Unit）： 图形处理器。辅助CPU处理图形运算。
CPU：Central Processing Unit，中央处理单元，又叫中央处理器或微处理器，被喻为电脑的心脏。
加工贸易 trade involving the processing of supplied raw materials
过程审核 process audit
过程流程图 process flow diagram flow chart
adoption process 采购过程
communication process 传播过程
idea-screening process 创意筛选过程
manufacturing process 制造过程
order processing 订单处理
price-setting process 定价过程
process management 过程管理
business process re-engineering
重整业务运作流程
Chinese word processing facility
中文文书处理设施
appointment process 委任程序
election process 选举程序
electoral process 选举程序；选举过程
VIMP (Variable Infusion Molding Process) 可变浸渍模塑
材料加工工程 Materials Processing Engineering
化工过程机械 Chemical Process Equipment
信号与信息处理 Signal and Information Processing
矿物加工工程 Mineral Processing Engineering
林产化学加工工程 Chemical Processing Engineering of Forest Products
农产品加工及贮藏工程 Processing and Storage of Agriculture Products
水产品加工及贮藏工程 Processing and Storage of Aquatic Products
Computer Processing Operator 计算机处理操作员
概率论与随机过程 Probability Theory & Stochastic Process
数字信号处理 Digital Signal Processing
数字图象处理 Digital Image Processing
acquisition process 收购过程
denationalization process 非国有化过程
managerial decision-making process 管理决策程序
Processing 处理，加工
processing industry 加工工业
processing on order 来料加工
processing trade 加工贸易
steps in the acquisition process 收购的步骤
进气过程
intake process
换气过程
gas exchange process
扫气过程
scavenging process
数据处理
data processing
换档规律
process of power shift
铸造件(加工) Casting Parts (Processing)
锻造件(加工) Forging Parts (Processing)
Evolution is not the force but a process, not a cause but a law.
进化不是动力而是过程，不是原因而是法则。
undergo a long process of tempering
经受长期的磨练。
The firm is now in the process of moving the main equipment to a new place.
公司目前正在把主要设备迁到新地址去。
Producing a dictionary is a slow process.
编撰一本词典是一个缓慢的过程。
In this example, the conscious mind at the moment of creation knew nothing of the actual processes by which the solution was found.
在这个事例中，意识在创造的时候对发现答案的实际过程一无所知。
Scientists have now discovered more about the processes of sleep and dreaming.
科学家已经发现了更多的有关睡眠和做梦的过程。
Psychologists study the processes by which human personalities are formed, develop and change.
心理学家研究人类性格的形成、发展和改变的过程。
Online learning depends on many databases to monitor the process of learning.
网上学习由许多数据库监控学习的过程。
Thinking is an intellectual process.
思维是一个智力活动过程。
Thinking is an intellectual process.
思维是一个智力活动过程。
refining processes
精炼过程
Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age, and how the process of ageing could he slowed down.
Taiju Matsuzawa 教授想找出为什么日本北部的健康农民在相对年轻的年龄就显得开始失去思考与推理的能力的原因以及怎样才能延缓老化过程。
This means that we fit out actions to those of other people based on a constant mental process of appraisal and interpretation.
这意味着我们在不断判断和解释别人的行为的心理过程中进行自己的行为。
Why does cream go bad faster than butter? Some researchers think they have the answer, and it comes down to the structure of the food, not its chemical composition-a finding that could help rid some processed foods of chemical preservatives.
为什么奶油比黄油坏的快呢?已有些研究者认为他们找到了答案,这与食物的结构有关,而不是它的化学成分—这一发现使得有些化学处理保存食物的方法无效了。
We should make it clear whether the damage was caused in transit or during the unloading process, or by other reasons.
我们要弄清楚货物是否在运输途中受损，还是在卸货过程中受损，或者别的原因。
Film processing 胶片冲洗加工
Process control radiograph 工艺过程控制的射线照相
Processing capacity 处理能力
Processing speed 处理速度
These drawings on the wall are process sheets.
墙上的图表是工艺流程表。
They describe how each process goes on to the next.
表述着每道工艺间的衔接情况。
Almost every process is computerized.
几乎每一道工艺都是由电脑控制的。
All products have to go through five checks in the whole process.
所有产品在整个生产过程中得通过五道质量检查关。
EDIexport processing zone 加工出口区
Husbands and wives in the process of divorce (and those in the throes of another argument )easily fall into the trap of denigraging the other, publicly if possible, and as often as possible.
Howards Mel, American writer
正在闹离婚的（包括那些处于吵闹不停的痛楚中的）夫妻们很容易陷在对方的泥沼中不能自拔，这种诋毁是尽可能公开的，尽量频繁地进行。
美国作家梅尔.H.
We may agree to do processing trade with you.
我们同意与你们进行来料加工贸易。
病机 [bìng jī] /interpretation of the cause/onset and process of an illness/pathogenesis/
步 [bù] /a step/a pace/walk/march/stages in a process/
采制 [cǎi zhì] /collect and process/
处理 [chǔ lǐ] /to handle/to treat/to deal with/to process/
改革进程 [gǎi gé jìn chéng] /reform process/
工序 [gōng xù] /working procedure/process/
过程 [guò chéng] /course of events/process/
机制 [jī zhì] /machine processed/machine made/mechanism/
加工 [jiā gōng] /to process/processing/working (of machinery)/
进程 [jìn chéng] /process/course/
经过 [jīng guò] /to pass/to go through/process/course/
开发过程 [kāi fā guò chéng] /development process/
历程 [lì chéng] /course/process/
提炼 [tí liàn] /to extract (ore, minerals, etc)/to refine/to purify/to process/
文书处理 [wén shū chǔ lǐ] /word processing/
影像处理 [yǐng xiàng chǔ lǐ] /image processing/
正在 [zhèng zài] /in the process of (doing something or happening)/while (doing)/
中央处理机 [zhōng yāng chǔ lǐ jī] /central processing unit (CPU)/
Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research.
动物权利运动的领导者将矛头指向生物医学研究，原因在于它依赖公共资金的资助，并且很少有人懂得医学研究的过程。
Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government's Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases.
如果客户感到他们被多收费，他们有权上诉到联邦政府的“陆路运输局”以争取价格下调。但这个过程耗财、耗时，并且只有在真正极端特殊的情况下才有作用。
Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge.
专业化可被视为针对科学知识不断膨胀这个问题所做出的反应。
By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units, one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research.
通过将学科细化，个人能够继续处理这些不断膨胀的信息并将它们作为深入研究的基础。
But specialisation was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication.
但是专业化仅是科学领域内一系列影响交流过程的有关现象之一。
Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity.
另一现象是科学活动的日益职业化。
A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, where as the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.
类似的分化过程也导致专业地质学家聚集起来，形成一两个全国性的团体，而业余地质学家则要么留在地方性团体中，要么以不同方式组成全国性的团体。
Although the process of professionalisation and specialisation was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science.
虽然职业化和专业化过程在19世纪的英国地质学界中已经得到迅速发展，但是它的效果直到20世纪才充分显示出来。然而，从科学这个整体来看，19世纪必须被视为科学结构发生变化的关键时期。
The world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever witnessed.
世界正在经历一场前所未有的巨大的并购浪潮。
The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might.
这个浪潮从异常活跃的美国席卷到欧洲，并以不可比拟的威力影响到正在崛起的国家。
Many in these countries are looking at this process and worrying: "Won't the wave of business concentration turn into an uncontrollable anti-competitive force?"
这些国家的许多人面对这个浪潮开始忧虑：“企业合并的浪潮会不会变成一股不可控制的反竞争的力量？”
I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers' demands.
我认为，推动这股巨大的并购浪潮的最主要的力量，也是推动全球化进程的力量，包括日趋下降的运输与通讯费用，较低的贸易与投资壁垒，以及市场的扩大和为满足市场需求而进行的扩大生产。
The significance of hot spots is not confined to their role as a frame of reference.
热点的重要性不仅限于它们作为参照体系的作用。
It now appears that they also have an important influence on the geophysical processes that propel the plates across the globe.
现在看来，它们还对推动板块在地球表面漂移这一地球物理过程有重要影响。
Given this optimistic approach to technological innovation, the American worker took readily to that special kind of nonverbal thinking required in mechanical technology.
有了这种对技术革新的乐观态度，美国工人很快便习惯了机械技术需要的那种特别的非语言的思维方式。
As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out, "A technologist thinks about objects that cannot be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions; they are dealt with in his mind by a visual, nonverbal process... The designer and the inventor... are able to assemble and manipulate in their minds devices that as yet do not exist."
正如尤金·弗格森曾指出的：“技术人员思考那些不能被简化成功用明确的语言进行描述的物体；这些物体在他的头脑中以视觉性的、非语言性的方式被处理加工……设计者和发明者……能把那些尚不存在的机械在头脑中组装和操作。”
There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process.
人们对成长有两种基本看法：一是将其视作结果；一是将其视为过程。
People have generally viewed personal growth as an external result or product that can easily be identified and measured.
人们通常把个人成长看做是易于识别和测量的外在结果。
The worker who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language — all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts.
工人得到升迁，学生成绩提高，外国人学会了一门新的语言——这些都可表明人们付出努力之后，取得了可衡量的成绩。
By contrast, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since by definition it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way.
相比之下，对成长过程的测定就难多了，因为从定义上讲，它是一次旅行，不是沿途上的某个路标或界标。
The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings people have, their caution or courage, as they encounter new experiences and unexpected obstacles.
成长过程不是道路本身，而是当遭遇新的情况或未曾预料的坎坷时所持的态度和情感，是慎重行事还是勇往直前。
In this process, the journey never really ends; there are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try, new challenges to accept.
在这个过程中，旅行永远不会真的结束；总会有新的方法去体验世界，新的思想去尝试，新的挑战去面对。
Yet, dramatic instances of sudden forgetting can be seen to be adaptive.
然而戏剧性地突然遗忘的例子也可被看做具有适应性。
In this sense, the ability to forget can be interpreted to have survived through a process of natural selection in animals.
从这个意义上说，遗忘能力可解释为动物在自然选择的过程中幸存下来的能力。
Indeed, when one's memory of emotionally painful experience lead to serious anxiety, forgetting may produce relief.
的确，如果记住一段痛苦的情感经历会导致严重的焦虑，那么遗忘倒可以使人得到解脱。
Nevertheless, an evolutionary interpretation might make it difficult to understand how the commonly gradual process of forgetting survived natural selection.
然而，进化论的解释可能会使人难以理解普遍的渐进遗忘过程是如何在自然选择中幸存下来的。
In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers.
在美国经济中，这一机制是由价格体制体现的，价格随消费者的相对需求与生产者的供应情况而上下浮动。
Computers keep track of goods in stock, of raw materials on hand, and even of the production process itself.
计算机跟踪库存商品，现有原材料甚至生产过程本身。
"Changes are a normal part of the evolutionary process," says oncologist William Hayward.
“变化是进化过程中的一个正常部分，”肿瘤专家威廉·海沃德说道。
Environmental factors can never be totally eliminated; as Hayward points out, "We can't prepare a medicine against cosmic rays."
环境因素永远无法完全消除，正如海沃德所指出的那样：“我们无法准备出一种抗宇宙射线的药。”
{adj: Markovian} relating to or generated by a Markov process
{adj: WYSIWYG} relating to or being a word processing system that prints the text exactly as it appears on the computer screen
{adj: Y2K compliant} prepared to accurately process date and time data between and into the 20th and 21st centuries
{adj: additive} characterized or produced by addition
"an additive process"
<-> subtractive
{adj: afflictive, painful, sore} causing misery or pain or distress
"it was a sore trial to him"
"the painful process of growing up"
{adj: aged, cured} (used of tobacco) aging as a preservative process (`aged' is pronounced as one syllable)
{adj: amylolytic} of or related to the process of amylolysis
{adj: artificial} not arising from natural growth or characterized by vital processes
{adj: assimilative} capable of mentally absorbing
"assimilative processes", "assimilative capacity of the human mind"
{adj: associative, associatory} characterized by or causing or resulting from the process of bringing ideas or events together in memory or imagination
"associative learning"
<-> nonassociative
{adj: auditory, audile, auditive} of or relating to the process of hearing
"auditory processing"
"an audile person"
{adj: biochemical} of or relating to biochemistry; involving chemical processes in living organisms
{adj: biogenic} essential for maintaining the fundamental life processes
"sleep and food and water are among the biogenic needs of the organism"
{adj: biogenic} produced by living organisms or biological processes
"fermentation is a biogenic process"
{adj: bottom-up} of an approach to a problem that begins with details and works up to the highest conceptual level
"bottom-up parser"
"a bottom-up model of the reading process"
<-> top-down
{adj: circadian} of or relating to biological processes occurring at 24-hour intervals
"circadian rhythms"
{adj: computerized, computerised} stored, processed, analyzed, or generated by computer
{adj: crested, topknotted, tufted} (of a bird or animal) having a usually ornamental tuft or process on the head; often used in combination
"golden crested"
"crested iris"
"crested oriole"
"tufted duck"
"tufted loosestrife"
{adj: crude, raw} not processed or subjected to analysis
"raw data"
"the raw cost of production"
"only the crude vital statistics"
{adj: cured, vulcanized, vulcanised} (used of rubber) treated by a chemical or physical process to improve its properties (hardness and strength and odor and elasticity)
{adj: derivative} resulting from or employing derivation
"a derivative process"
"a highly derivative prose style"
{adj: diabatic} involving a transfer of heat
"a diabatic process"
<-> adiabatic
{adj: diseased, morbid, pathologic, pathological} caused by or altered by or manifesting disease or pathology
"diseased tonsils"
"a morbid growth"
"pathologic tissue"
"pathological bodily processes"
{adj: duplex} (used technically of a device or process) having two parts
"a duplex transaction"
{adj: dying} in or associated with the process of passing from life or ceasing to be
"a dying man"
"his dying wish"
"a dying fire"
"a dying civilization"
<-> nascent
{adj: educational} relating to the process of education
"educational psychology"
{adj: electoral} of or relating to elections
"electoral process"
{adj: excretory} of or relating to the process of excretion
{adj: exempt} (of persons) freed from or not subject to an obligation or liability (as e.g. taxes) to which others or other things are subject
"a beauty somehow exempt from the aging process"
"exempt from jury duty"
"only the very poorest citizens should be exempt from income taxes"
<-> nonexempt
{adj: fattening} subject to or used in the process of finishing or fattening up for slaughter
"a fattening hog"
"fattening pens"
{adj: fimbriate} having a fringe of slender processes
{adj: final, last, net} conclusive in a process or progression
"the final answer"
"a last resort"
"the net result"
{adj: handmade, hand-crafted} made by hand or a hand process
"delicate handmade baby dresses"
<-> machine-made
{adj: inflammatory} characterized or caused by inflammation
"an inflammatory process"
"an inflammatory response"
{adj: intermediate} lying between two extremes in time or space or degree
"going from sitting to standing without intermediate pushes with the hands"
"intermediate stages in a process"
"intermediate stops on the route"
"an intermediate level"
<-> first, last
{adj: isothermal} of a process or change taking place at constant temperature
{adj: made} produced by a manufacturing process
"bought some made goods at the local store; rope and nails"
{adj: mastoid} of or relating to or in the region of the mastoid process
{adj: maturational} relating to or involved in maturation
"maturational process"
{adj: mechanical} using (or as if using) mechanisms or tools or devices
"a mechanical process"
"his smile was very mechanical"
"a mechanical toy"
<-> nonmechanical
{adj: mental} involving the mind or an intellectual process
"mental images of happy times"
"mental calculations"
"in a terrible mental state"
"mental suffering"
"free from mental defects"
<-> physical
{adj: modifiable} capable of being modified in form or character or strength (especially by making less extreme)
"the rhythm of physiological time is not modifiable except by interference with certain fundamental processes" - Alexis Carrel
<-> unmodifiable
{adj: natural, raw, rude} (used especially of commodities) being unprocessed or manufactured using only simple or minimal processes
"natural yogurt"
"natural produce"
"raw wool"
"raw sugar"
"bales of rude cotton"
{adj: nitrogen-fixing} contributing to the process of nitrogen fixation
{adj: nonconscious} concerning mental functioning that is not represented in consciousness
"nonconscious psychic processes"
{adj: nonpsychoactive} not affecting the mind or mental processes
"a nonpsychoactive pain reliever"
<-> psychoactive
{adj: on trial} in the process of being tested or tried
{adj: open-hearth} of or relating to or produced by the open-hearth process
"open-hearth steel"
{adj: operational} pertaining to a process or series of actions for achieving a result
"operational difficulties"
"they assumed their operational positions"
{adj: parallel} of or relating to the simultaneous performance of multiple operations
"parallel processing"
{adj: parrotlike} mechanically imitated or repeated without thought or understanding
"a mere parrotlike word-calling process"
"a voice quality sounding parrotlike"
{adj: patented} (of devices and processes) protected by patent
"they are patented inventions"
{adj: physiologic, physiological} of or consistent with an organism's normal functioning
"physiologic functions"
"physiological processes"
{adj: proactive} descriptive of any event or stimulus or process that has an effect on events or stimuli or processes that occur subsequently
"proactive inhibition"
"proactive interference"
<-> retroactive
{adj: processed} prepared or converted from a natural state by subjecting to a special process
"processed ores"
<-> unprocessed
{adj: processed} subjected to a special process or treatment
"prepared ergot"
"processed cheeses are easy to spread"
{adj: psychoactive, psychotropic} affecting the mind or mood or other mental processes
"psychoactive drugs"
<-> nonpsychoactive
{adj: rational} consistent with or based on or using reason
"rational behavior"
"a process of rational inference"
"rational thought"
<-> irrational
{adj: raw} not processed or refined
"raw sewage"
{adj: refined, processed} freed from impurities by processing
"refined sugar"
"refined oil"
"to gild refined gold"- Shakespeare
<-> unrefined
{adj: retroactive} descriptive of any event or stimulus or process that has an effect on the effects of events or stimuli or process that occurred previously
<-> proactive
{adj: seasoned} aged or processed
"seasoned wood"
<-> unseasoned
{adj: semi-processed} having been subjected to partial processing
{adj: sensorineural} of or relating to the neural process of sensation
{adj: serial, in series, nonparallel} of or relating to the sequential performance of multiple operations
"serial processing"
{adj: spineless} lacking spiny processes
"spineless fins"
<-> spinous
{adj: stochastic} being or having a random variable
"a stochastic variable"
"stochastic processes"
{adj: streamlined} made efficient by stripping off nonessentials
"short streamlined meetings"
"a streamlined hiring process"
{adj: temporal} of or relating to or limited by time
"temporal processing"
"temporal dimensions"
"temporal and spacial boundaries"
"music is a temporal art"
{adj: trial-and-error} trying out various means or theories until error is satisfactorily reduced or eliminated
"he argued that all learning is a trial-and-error process that resembles biological evolution"
{adj: trichromatic, trichrome, tricolor} having or involving three colors
"trichromatic vision"
"a trichromatic printing process"
"trichromatic staining is the staining of tissue samples differentially in three colors"
"tricolor plumage"
"a tricolor process in photography"
{adj: tubercular} pertaining to or of the nature of a normal tuberosity or tubercle
"a tubercular process for the attachment of a ligament or muscle"
{adj: unaged} not subjected to an aging process
"vodka is an unaged liquor from Russia"
{adj: uneconomical, wasteful} inefficient in use of time and effort and materials
"a clumsy and wasteful process"
"wasteful duplication of effort"
"uneconomical ebb and flow of power"
{adj: unexplained} not explained
"accomplished by some unexplained process"
{adj: unpatented} (of devices and processes) not protected by patent
"unpatented inventions"
{adj: unprocessed} not altered from an original or natural state
"unprocessed commodities"
<-> processed
{adj: unprocessed} not treated or prepared by a special process
{adj: unrefined, unprocessed, crude} not refined or processed
"unrefined ore"
"crude oil"
<-> refined
{adj: unseasoned} not aged or processed
"unseasoned timber"
<-> seasoned
{adj: unvulcanized, unvulcanised} (used of rubber) not subjected to the process of vulcanization
{adj: vegetal, vegetative} (of reproduction) characterized by asexual processes
{adv: chromatographically} by means of a chromatographic process
{adv: judicially} in a judicial manner
"judicially controlled process"
{adv: physiologically} of or relating to physiological processes; with respect to physiology
"physiologically ready"
"physiologically addicted"
{adv: temporally} with regard to temporal order
"temporally processed"
{adv: transiently} for a very short time
"these three pions may actually be joined together transiently as a compound particle during the interchange process"
{adv: ultimately, finally, in the end, at last, at long last} as the end result of a succession or process
"ultimately he had to give in"
"at long last the winter was over"
{adv: unhygienically} in an unhygienic manner
"the meat is unhygienically processed on wooden tables"
<-> hygienically
{n: Acheson process} an industrial process for making graphite by heating a mixture of coke and clay
{n: Albany} a town in southwest Georgia; processing center for peanuts and pecans
{n: Bacteroidaceae, family Bacteroidaceae} family of bacteria living usually in the alimentary canal or on mucous surfaces of warm-blooded animals; sometimes associated with acute infective processes
{n: Benday process} a photoengraving technique for adding shading or texture or tone to a printed image
{n: Bessemer converter} a refractory-lined furnace used to convert pig iron into steel by the Bessemer process
{n: Bessemer process} an industrial process for making steel using a Bessemer converter to blast air through molten iron and thus burning the excess carbon and impurities; the first successful method of making steel in quantity at low cost
{n: Bessemer, Sir Henry Bessemer} British inventor and metallurgist who developed the Bessemer process (1813-1898)
{n: Daguerre, Louis Jacques Mande Daguerre} French inventor of the first practical photographic process, the daguerreotype (1789-1851)
{n: Dutch-processed cocoa} cocoa powder treated with a mild alkalizing agent (such as baking soda)
{n: Eastman, George Eastman} United States inventor of a dry-plate process of developing photographic film and of flexible film (his firm introduced roll film) and of the box camera and of a process for color photography (1854-1932)
{n: Fifth Amendment} an amendment to the Constitution of the United States that imposes restrictions on the government's prosecution of persons accused of crimes; mandates due process of law and prohibits self-incrimination and double jeopardy; requires just compensation if private property is taken for public use
{n: Freudian slip} a slip-up that (according to Sigmund Freud) results from the operation of unconscious wishes or conflicts and can reveal unconscious processes in normal healthy individuals
{n: Guggenheim, Meyer Guggenheim} United States industrialist (born in Switzerland) who with his sons established vast mining and metal processing companies (1828-1905)
{n: Haber process, Haber-Bosch process} an industrial process for producing ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen by combining them under high pressure in the present of an iron catalyst
{n: Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel} German philosopher whose three stage process of dialectical reasoning was adopted by Karl Marx (1770-1831)
{n: Heinz, Henry John Heinz} United States industrialist who manufactured and sold processed foods (1844-1919)
{n: Helipterum, genus Helipterum} genus of South African and Australian herbs or shrubs grown as everlastings; the various Helipterum species are currently in process of being assigned to other genera especially genera Pteropogon and Hyalosperma
{n: Hoyle, Fred Hoyle, Sir Fred Hoyle} an English astrophysicist and advocate of the steady state theory of cosmology; described processes of nucleosynthesis inside stars (1915-2001)
{n: Hutton, James Hutton} Scottish geologist who described the processes that have shaped the surface of the earth (1726-1797)
{n: Jacob, Francois Jacob} French biochemist who (with Jacques Monod) studied regulatory processes in cells (born in 1920)
{n: LISP, list-processing language} a flexible procedure-oriented programing language that manipulates symbols in the form of lists
{n: Land, Din Land, Edwin Herbert Land} United States inventor who incorporated Polaroid film into lenses and invented the one-step photographic process (1909-1991)
{n: Lipmann, Fritz Albert Lipmann} United States biochemist (born in Germany) noted for his studies of metabolic processes (1899-1986)
{n: Lippmann, Gabriel Lippmann} French physicist who developed the first color photographic process (1845-1921)
{n: Lobata, order Lobata} ctenophore having tentacles only in the immature stage; body compressed vertically having two large oral lobes and four pointed processes
{n: Loyalist Volunteer Force} a terrorist group formed in 1996 in Northern Ireland; seeks to prevent the peace process; murders Catholics and any Protestant leaders who favor peace
{n: Markov chain, Markoff chain} a Markov process for which the parameter is discrete time values
{n: Markov process, Markoff process} a simple stochastic process in which the distribution of future states depends only on the present state and not on how it arrived in the present state
{n: Nazification} social process of adopting (or being forced to adopt) Nazism
"as the process of Nazification spread they paid less attention to public opinion"
{n: Pasteur, Louis Pasteur} French chemist and biologist whose discovery that fermentation is caused by microorganisms resulted in the process of pasteurization (1822-1895)
{n: Pediculati, order Pediculati} anglers and batfishes; spiny-finned marine fishes having pectoral fins at the ends of armlike processes and a long movable spine on the dorsal fin to lure prey to the large mouth
{n: Prolog, logic programing, logic programming} a computer language designed in Europe to support natural language processing
{n: Read method of childbirth, Read method} a method of natural childbirth that assumes it is a normal process and that the pain is largely psychological; involves education and breathing exercises to foster relaxation and other exercises
{n: Solvay process} an industrial process for producing sodium carbonate from sodium chloride and ammonia and carbon dioxide
{n: Solvay, Ernest Solvay} Belgian chemist who developed the Solvay process and built factories exploiting it (1838-1922)
{n: Stalinization, Stalinisation} social process of adopting (or being forced to adopt) the policies and practices of Joseph Stalin
"many Hungarians refused to take part in the Stalinization of their country"
{n: United States Mint, U.S. Mint, US Mint} the mint that manufactures and distributes United States coins for circulation through Federal Reserve Banks; processes gold and silver bullion
{n: United States Postal Service, US Postal Service, USPS} an independent federal agency that provides mail processing and delivery service for individuals and businesses in the United States
{n: Velveeta} trademark: soft processed American cheese
{n: Westernization, Westernisation} assimilation of Western culture; the social process of becoming familiar with or converting to the customs and practices of Western civilization
{n: ablation} the erosive process that reduces the size of glaciers
{n: absorption, soaking up} (chemistry) a process in which one substance permeates another; a fluid permeates or is dissolved by a liquid or solid
{n: absorption} (physics) the process in which incident radiated energy is retained without reflection or transmission on passing through a medium
"the absorption of photons by atoms or molecules"
{n: abstraction, generalization, generalisation} the process of formulating general concepts by abstracting common properties of instances
{n: access time} (computer science) the interval between the time data is requested by the system and the time the data is provided by the drive
"access time is the sum of seek time and rotational latency and command processing overhead"
{n: accession} a process of increasing by addition (as to a collection or group)
"the art collection grew through accession"
{n: accessory vertebral vein, vena vertebralis accessoria} a vein that accompanies the vertebral vein but passes through the foramen of the transverse process of the 7th cervical vertebra and empties into the brachiocephalic vein
{n: acculturation, assimilation} the process of assimilating new ideas into an existing cognitive structure
{n: acetylation} the process of introducing an acetyl group into a compound
"the acetylation of cyclooxygenase-2 by aspirin"
{n: acidification} the process of becoming acid or being converted into an acid
{n: acromion, acromial process} the outermost point of the spine of the shoulder blade
{n: acrosome} a process at the anterior end of a sperm cell that produces enzymes to facilitate penetration of the egg
{n: activating agent} (mineral extraction) a surface-active chemical used in flotation process to increase the attraction to a specific mineral
{n: activation energy, energy of activation} the energy that an atomic system must acquire before a process (such as an emission or reaction) can occur
"catalysts are said to reduce the energy of activation during the transition phase of a reaction"
{n: aculeus} a sharp-pointed process especially a sting of a hymenopterous insect
{n: aculeus} a stiff sharp-pointed plant process
{n: acylation} the process of introducing an acyl group into a compound
{n: adaptation, adaption, adjustment} the process of adapting to something (such as environmental conditions)
{n: adiabatic process} (thermodynamics) any process that occurs without gain or loss of heat
{n: administrative data processing, business data processing} data processing in accounting or business management
{n: administrative hearing} a hearing that takes place outside the judicial process before hearing examiners who have been granted judicial authority specifically for the purpose of conducting such hearings
{n: advertence, advertency} the process of being heedful
{n: aeration} the process of exposing to air (so as to purify)
"the aeration of the soil"
{n: agglutination} the building of words from component morphemes that retain their form and meaning in the process of combining
{n: aging, ageing, senescence} the organic process of growing older and showing the effects of increasing age
{n: ala} a flat wing-shaped process or winglike part of an organism
"the alae of the nose"
"the alae of a maple seed"
"the flat petals of a pea blossom are alae"
{n: alveolar artery, arteria alveolaris} a branch of the maxillary artery that supplies the alveolar process
{n: alveolar ridge, gum ridge, alveolar process} a ridge that forms the borders of the upper and lower jaws and contains the sockets of the teeth
{n: amelogenesis} the developmental process of forming tooth enamel
{n: anaglyphy} the process of producing pictures in contrasting colors that appear three-dimensional when superimposed and viewed through spectacles with one red and one green lens
{n: animation, life, living, aliveness} the condition of living or the state of being alive
"while there's life there's hope"
"life depends on many chemical and physical processes"
{n: antiredeposition} the process of preventing redeposition
{n: antisepsis, asepsis} the process of inhibiting the growth and multiplication of microorganisms
{n: apophysis} (anatomy) a natural outgrowth or projection on an organ or body part such as the process of a vertebra
{n: appendix, vermiform appendix, vermiform process, cecal appendage} a vestigial process that extends from the lower end of the cecum and that resembles a small pouch
{n: apperception} the process whereby perceived qualities of an object are related to past experience
{n: application, application program, applications programme} a program that gives a computer instructions that provide the user with tools to accomplish a task
"he has tried several different word processing applications"
{n: aquatint} an etching made by a process that makes it resemble a water color
{n: argumentation, logical argument, line of reasoning, line} the methodical process of logical reasoning
"I can't follow your line of reasoning"
{n: arista} bristlelike process near the tip of the antenna of certain flies
{n: assimilation, absorption} the process of absorbing nutrients into the body after digestion
{n: assimilation, absorption} the social process of absorbing one cultural group into harmony with another
{n: assimilation} a linguistic process by which a sound becomes similar to an adjacent sound
{n: association area, association cortex} cortical areas that are neither motor or sensory but are thought to be involved in higher processing of information
{n: association, connection, connexion} the process of bringing ideas or events together in memory or imagination
"conditioning is a form of learning by association"
{n: association} (chemistry) any process of combination (especially in solution) that depends on relatively weak chemical bonding
{n: attack} the onset of a corrosive or destructive process (as by a chemical agent)
"the film was sensitive to attack by acids"
"open to attack by the elements"
{n: attention, attending} the process whereby a person concentrates on some features of the environment to the (relative) exclusion of others
<-> inattention
{n: autolysis, self-digestion} lysis of plant or animal tissue by an internal process
{n: automatic data processing, ADP} data processing by a computer
{n: autoregulation} (physiology) processes that maintain a generally constant physiological state in a cell or organism
{n: autotype, autotypy} process for producing permanent prints in a carbon pigment
{n: auxiliary operation, off-line operation} a operation performed by off-line equipment not under the control of the central processing unit
{n: background processing, backgrounding} the execution of low priority programs while higher priority programs are not using the processing system
{n: backlog} an accumulation of jobs not done or materials not processed that are yet to be dealt with (especially unfilled customer orders for products or services)
{n: bailiff} an officer of the court who is employed to execute writs and processes and make arrests etc.
{n: bankruptcy} a legal process intended to insure equality among the creditors of a corporation declared to be insolvent
{n: barbel, feeler} slender tactile process on the jaws of a fish
{n: basic cognitive process} cognitive processes involved in obtaining and storing knowledge
{n: basic iron} pig iron containing a high percentage of phosphorus; used in making steel by a process that removes the phosphorus
{n: batch processing} the serial execution of computer programs
{n: bath} a vessel containing liquid in which something is immersed (as to process it or to maintain it at a constant temperature or to lubricate it)
"she soaked the etching in an acid bath"
{n: believing} the cognitive process that leads to convictions
"seeing is believing"
{n: benign prostatic hyperplasia, BPH} enlarged prostate; appears to be part of the natural aging process
{n: biochemical mechanism} a chemical mechanism involved in vital processes occurring in living organisms
{n: biochemistry} the organic chemistry of compounds and processes occuring in organisms; the effort to understand biology within the context of chemistry
{n: biodegradable pollution} pollution that is rendered harmless by natural processes and so causes no permanent harm
<-> nonbiodegradable pollution
{n: biofeedback} a training program in which a person is given information about physiological processes (heart rate or blood pressure) that is not normally available with the goal of gaining conscious control of them
{n: biological time} the time of various biological processes
{n: biology} characteristic life processes and phenomena of living organisms
"the biology of viruses"
{n: bioluminescence} luminescence produced by physiological processes (as in the firefly)
{n: bioremediation} the branch of biotechnology that uses biological process to overcome environmental problems
{n: biotechnology} the branch of molecular biology that studies the use of microorganisms to perform specific industrial processes
"biotechnology produced genetically altered bacteria that solved the problem"
{n: birth trauma} physical injury to an infant during the birth process
{n: blocker, blocking agent} a class of drugs that inhibit (block) some biological process
{n: blood coagulation, blood clotting} a process in which liquid blood is changed into a semisolid mass (a blood clot)
{n: blooming, bloom} the organic process of bearing flowers
"you will stop all bloom if you let the flowers go to seed"
{n: blossoming, flowering, florescence, inflorescence, anthesis, efflorescence} the time and process of budding and unfolding of blossoms
{n: blowing} processing that involves blowing a gas
{n: bluing, blueing} a process that makes something blue (or bluish)
{n: bodily process, body process, bodily function, activity} an organic process that takes place in the body
"respiratory activity"
{n: boom, bonanza, gold rush, gravy, godsend, manna from heaven, windfall, bunce} a sudden happening that brings good fortune (as a sudden opportunity to make money)
"the demand for testing has created a boom for those unregulated laboratories where boxes of specimen jars are processed like an assembly line"
{n: breathing, external respiration, respiration, ventilation} the bodily process of inhalation and exhalation; the process of taking in oxygen from inhaled air and releasing carbon dioxide by exhalation
{n: breath} the process of taking in and expelling air during breathing
"he took a deep breath and dived into the pool"
"he was fighting to his last breath"
{n: brisling, sprat, Clupea sprattus} small herring processed like a sardine
{n: buildup} the result of the process of accumulation
"the buildup of leaves blocked the drain pipes"
{n: byte} a sequence of 8 bits (enough to represent one character of alphanumeric data) processed as a single unit of information
{n: calcification} a process that impregnates something with calcium (or calcium salts)
{n: capture} a process whereby a star or planet holds an object in its gravitational field
{n: capture} any process in which an atomic or nuclear system acquires an additional particle
{n: carbon process} a process of printing on paper coated with bichromated gelatin containing pigment
{n: cascade} a succession of stages or operations or processes or units
"progressing in severity as though a cascade of genetic damage was occurring"
"separation of isotopes by a cascade of processes"
{n: cattle cake} a concentrated feed for cattle; processed in the form of blocks or cakes
{n: cell division, cellular division} the process in reproduction and growth by which a cell divides to form daughter cells
{n: center, centre, nerve center, nerve centre} a cluster of nerve cells governing a specific bodily process
"in most people the speech center is in the left hemisphere"
{n: central processing unit, CPU, C.P.U., central processor, processor, mainframe} (computer science) the part of a computer (a microprocessor chip) that does most of the data processing
"the CPU and the memory form the central part of a computer to which the peripherals are attached"
{n: centrifugation} the process of separating substances by the use of a centrifuge
{n: chelation} (medicine) the process of removing a heavy metal from the bloodstream by means of a chelate as in treating lead or mercury poisoning
{n: chelation} the process of forming a ring by forming one or more hydrogen bonds
{n: chemical engineering} the branch of engineering that is concerned with the design and construction and operation of the plants and machinery used in industrial chemical processes
{n: chemical process, chemical change, chemical action} (chemistry) any process determined by the atomic and molecular composition and structure of the substances involved
{n: chemical reaction, reaction} (chemistry) a process in which one or more substances are changed into others
"there was a chemical reaction of the lime with the ground water"
{n: childbirth, childbearing, accouchement, vaginal birth} the parturition process in human beings; having a baby; the process of giving birth to a child
{n: chromatography} a process used for separating mixtures by virtue of differences in absorbency
{n: civilization, civilisation} the social process whereby societies achieve civilization
{n: classification, categorization, categorisation, sorting} the basic cognitive process of arranging into classes or categories
{n: claw} sharp curved horny process on the toe of a bird or some mammals or reptiles
{n: clouding, clouding up} the process whereby water particles become visible in the sky
{n: cognitive psychology} an approach to psychology that emphasizes internal mental processes
{n: cognitive scientist} a scientist who studies cognitive processes
{n: cognitive state, state of mind} the state of a person's cognitive processes
{n: cohesion} (botany) the process in some plants of parts growing together that are usually separate (such as petals)
{n: collotype, collotype printing, photogelatin process} a photomechanical printing process that uses a glass plate with a gelatin surface that carries the image to be reproduced; can be used with one or more colors
{n: coloring, colouring} the act or process of changing the color of something
{n: combustion, burning} a process in which a substance reacts with oxygen to give heat and light
{n: command processing overhead time, command processing overhead, command overhead, overhead} (computer science) the processing time required by a device prior to the execution of a command
{n: complication} the act or process of complicating
{n: compression, condensation, contraction} the process or result of becoming smaller or pressed together
"the contraction of a gas on cooling"
{n: compulsory process} the right of a defendant to have a court use its subpoena power to compel the appearance of material witnesses before the court
{n: computational linguist} someone trained in computer science and linguistics who uses computers for natural language processing
{n: computer science, computing} the branch of engineering science that studies (with the aid of computers) computable processes and structures
{n: computer system, computing system, automatic data processing system, ADP system, ADPS} a system of one or more computers and associated software with common storage
{n: computer, computing machine, computing device, data processor, electronic computer, information processing system} a machine for performing calculations automatically
{n: computerization, cybernation} the control of processes by computer
{n: condensation} (psychoanalysis) an unconscious process whereby two ideas or images combine into a single symbol; especially in dreams
{n: condensation} the process of changing from a gaseous to a liquid or solid state
{n: conditioning} a learning process in which an organism's behavior becomes dependent on the occurrence of a stimulus in its environment
{n: condylar process, condyloid process, mandibular condyle} the condyle of the ramus of the mandible that articulates with the skull
{n: congealment, congelation} the process of congealing; solidification by (or as if by) freezing
{n: conservation of momentum} the principle that the total linear momentum in a closed system is constant and is not affected by processes occurring inside the system
{n: consideration} the process of giving careful thought to something
{n: constriction} the action or process of compressing
{n: construction, mental synthesis} the creation of a construct; the process of combining ideas into a congruous object of thought
{n: consumption, ingestion, intake, uptake} the process of taking food into the body through the mouth (as by eating)
{n: control operation, control function} an operation that controls the recording or processing or transmission of interpretation of data
"a control operation started the data processing"
{n: cooling, chilling, temperature reduction} the process of becoming cooler; a falling temperature
{n: coronion} the craniometric point at the tip of the coronoid process of the mandible
{n: coronoid process of the mandible} the coronoid process that provides an attachment for the temporal muscle
{n: coronoid process, processus coronoideus} a sharp triangular process projecting from a bone
{n: cracking} the process whereby heavy molecules of naphtha or petroleum are broken down into hydrocarbons of lower molecular weight (especially in the oil-refining process)
{n: crying, weeping, tears} the process of shedding tears (usually accompanied by sobs or other inarticulate sounds)
"I hate to hear the crying of a child"
"she was in tears"
{n: crystallization} a mental synthesis that becomes fixed or concrete by a process resembling crystal formation
{n: curdling, clotting, coagulation} the process of forming semisolid lumps in a liquid
{n: cyanide process} an industrial process for extracting gold and silver by treating ore with a sodium cyanide solution
{n: cybernetics} (biology) the field of science concerned with processes of communication and control (especially the comparison of these processes in biological and artificial systems)
{n: cytokinesis} organic process consisting of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell following karyokinesis bringing about the separation into two daughter cells
{n: daguerreotype} a photograph made by an early photographic process; the image was produced on a silver plate sensitized to iodine and developed in mercury vapor
{n: dark adaptation} the process of adjusting the eyes to low levels of illumination; cones adapt first; rods continue to adapt for up to four hours
{n: data mining} data processing using sophisticated data search capabilities and statistical algorithms to discover patterns and correlations in large preexisting databases; a way to discover new meaning in data
{n: data processing} (computer science) a series of operations on data by a computer in order to retrieve or transform or classify information
{n: dealignment} a process whereby voters are moved toward nonpartisanship thus weakening the structure of political parties
{n: decarboxylation} the process of removing a carboxyl group from a chemical compound (usually replacing it with hydrogen)
{n: decay} an inferior state resulting from the process of decaying
"the corpse was in an advanced state of decay"
"the house had fallen into a serious state of decay and disrepair"
{n: decay} the process of gradually becoming inferior
{n: decentralization, decentalisation} the social process in which population and industry moves from urban centers to outlying districts
{n: decision making, deciding} the cognitive process of reaching a decision
"a good executive must be good at decision making"
{n: decoction process, decoction mashing} a process in which part of the mash is removed and boiled and then returned
{n: decomposition, rot, rotting, putrefaction} (biology) the process of decay caused by bacterial or fungal action
{n: decrease, decrement} a process of becoming smaller or shorter
<-> increase, increment
{n: deepening} a process of becoming deeper and more profound
{n: defense mechanism, defense reaction, defence mechanism, defence reaction, defense, defence} (psychiatry) an unconscious process that tries to reduce the anxiety associated with instinctive desires
{n: degaussing} the process of making a (steel) ship's hull nonmagnetic by producing an opposing magnetic field
{n: degeneration, devolution} the process of declining from a higher to a lower level of effective power or vitality or essential quality
<-> evolution
{n: degree, level, stage, point} a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process
"a remarkable degree of frankness"
"at what stage are the social sciences?"
{n: dehydration, desiccation, drying up, evaporation} the process of extracting moisture
{n: demagnetization, demagnetisation} the process of removing magnetization
{n: demonstration, monstrance} proof by a process of argument or a series of proposition proving an asserted conclusion
{n: denazification, de-Nazification} social process of removing Nazis from official positions and giving up any allegiance to Nazism
"denazification was a slow process"
{n: deposition, deposit} the natural process of laying down a deposit of something
{n: derivation} (descriptive linguistics) the process whereby new words are formed from existing words or bases by affixation: `singer' from `sing'; `undo' from `do'
{n: desensitization, desensitisation} the process of reducing sensitivity
"the patient was desensitized to the allergen"
{n: destalinization, de-Stalinization, destalinisation, de-Stalinisation} social process of neutralizing the influence of Joseph Stalin by revising his policies and removing monuments dedicated to him and renaming places named in his honor
"his statue was demolished as part of destalinization"
{n: deterioration, decline in quality, declension, worsening} process of changing to an inferior state
{n: deterrence} the act or process of discouraging actions or preventing occurrences by instilling fear or doubt or anxiety
{n: development, developing} processing a photosensitive material in order to make an image visible
"the development and printing of his pictures took only two hours"
{n: development, evolution} a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially a more advanced or mature stage)
"the development of his ideas took many years"
"the evolution of Greek civilization"
"the slow development of her skill as a writer"
<-> devolution
{n: diastrophism} the process of deformation that produces continents and ocean basins in the earth's crust
{n: differentiation} the mathematical process of obtaining the derivative of a function
{n: diffusion} (physics) the process of diffusing; the intermingling of molecules in gases and liquids as a result of random thermal agitation
{n: digestion} the organic process by which food is converted into substances that can be absorbed into the body
{n: digestion} the process of decomposing organic matter (as in sewage) by bacteria or by chemical action or heat
{n: digital communication, data communication} electronic transmission of information that has been encoded digitally (as for storage and processing by computers)
{n: dilapidation, ruin} the process of becoming dilapidated
{n: diplomatic immunity} exemption from taxation or normal processes of law that is offered to diplomatic personnel in a foreign country
{n: disambiguator} (computer science) a natural language processing application that tries to determine the intended meaning of a word or phrase by examining the linguistic context in which it is used
{n: discharge, emission, expelling} any of several bodily processes by which substances go out of the body
"the discharge of pus"
{n: discrimination, secernment} the cognitive process whereby two or more stimuli are distinguished
{n: dissimilation} a linguistic process by which one of two similar sounds in a word becomes less like the other
"the Old French MARBRE became the English MARBLE by dissimilation"
{n: dissociation} (chemistry) the temporary or reversible process in which a molecule or ion is broken down into smaller molecules or ions
{n: dissolving, dissolution} the process of going into solution
"the dissolving of salt in water"
{n: distillation, distillment} the process of purifying a liquid by boiling it and condensing its vapors
{n: distributed data processing, remote-access data processing, teleprocessing} data processing in which some of the functions are performed in different places and connected by transmission facilities
{n: dithering} the process of representing intermediate colors by patterns of tiny colored dots that simulate the desired color
{n: division} the act or process of dividing
{n: dressing} processes in the conversion of rough hides into leather
{n: drift} a process of linguistic change over a period of time
{n: dry plate, dry plate process} a former photographic method that used a glass plate coated with a light-sensitive gelatinous emulsion
{n: due process, due process of law} (law) the administration of justice according to established rules and principles; based on the principle that a person cannot be deprived of life or liberty or property without appropriate legal procedures and safeguards
{n: economic process} any process affecting the production and development and management of material wealth
{n: education} the gradual process of acquiring knowledge
"education is a preparation for life"
"a girl's education was less important than a boy's"
{n: effervescence} the process of bubbling as gas escapes
{n: electronic data processing, EDP} automatic data processing by electronic means without the use of tabulating cards or punched tapes
{n: elimination, evacuation, excretion, excreting, voiding} the bodily process of discharging waste matter
{n: elution} the process of extracting one material from another by washing with a solvent to remove adsorbed material from an adsorbent (as in washing of loaded ion-exchange resins to remove captured ions); used to obtain uranium ions
{n: encapsulation} the process of enclosing (as in a capsule)
{n: endgame, end game} the final stages of an extended process of negotiation
"the diplomatic endgame"
{n: equal protection of the laws} a right guaranteed by the 14th amendment to the US constitution and by the due-process clause of the 5th amendment
{n: erosion, eroding, eating away, wearing, wearing away} (geology) the mechanical process of wearing or grinding something down (as by particles washing over it)
{n: erythropoiesis} the process of producing red blood cells by the stem cells in the bone marrow
{n: establishment, ecesis} (ecology) the process by which a plant or animal becomes established in a new habitat
{n: establishment, validation} the cognitive process of establishing a valid proof
{n: etymon, root} a simple form inferred as the common basis from which related words in several languages can be derived by linguistic processes
{n: eviction, constructive eviction} action by a landlord that compels a tenant to leave the premises (as by rendering the premises unfit for occupancy); no physical expulsion or legal process is involved
{n: eviction, dispossession, legal ouster} the expulsion of someone (such as a tenant) from the possession of land by process of law
{n: exchange} chemical process in which one atom or ion or group changes places with another
{n: execution, instruction execution} (computer science) the process of carrying out an instruction by a computer
{n: expectoration} the process of coughing up and spitting out
{n: exponentiation, involution} the process of raising a quantity to some assigned power
{n: expression} (genetics) the process of expressing a gene
{n: extended time scale, slow time scale} (simulation) the time scale used in data processing when the time-scale factor is greater than one
{n: extinction, experimental extinction} a conditioning process in which the reinforcer is removed and a conditioned response becomes independent of the conditioned stimulus
{n: extraction} the process of obtaining something from a mixture or compound by chemical or physical or mechanical means
{n: extravasation} the process of exuding or passing out of a vessel into surrounding tissues; said of blood or lymph or urine
{n: exudation, transudation} the process of exuding; the slow escape of liquids from blood vessels through pores or breaks in the cell membranes
{n: factory ship} a whaling ship equipped to process whale products at sea
{n: fair hearing} a hearing that is granted in extraordinary situations where the normal judicial process would be inadequate to secure due process because the person would be harmed or denied their rights before a judicial remedy became available (as in deportation or loss of welfare benefits)
{n: fast time scale} (simulation) the time scale used in data processing when the time-scale factor is less than one
{n: fat metabolism} a metabolic process that breaks down ingested fats into fatty acids and glycerol and then into simpler compounds that can be used by cells of the body
{n: feedback} the process in which part of the output of a system is returned to its input in order to regulate its further output
{n: feedstock} the raw material that is required for some industrial process
{n: feminization, feminisation} the process of becoming feminized; the development of female characteristics (loss of facial hair or breast enlargement) in a male because of hormonal disorders or castration
{n: fibrillation} act or process of forming fibrils
{n: fibrinolysis} a normal ongoing process that dissolves fibrin and results in the removal of small blood clots
"drugs causing fibrinolysis have been utilized therapeutically"
{n: fibrous astrocyte} star-shaped cells with long processes; found in the white matter of the brain and spinal cord
{n: filtration} the process whereby fluids pass through a filter or a filtering medium
{n: final cause} (philosophy) the end or purpose of a thing or process
{n: finisher} a worker who performs the last step in a manufacturing process
{n: fire, flame, flaming} the process of combustion of inflammable materials producing heat and light and (often) smoke
"fire was one of our ancestors' first discoveries"
{n: fishery, piscary} a workplace where fish are caught and processed and sold
{n: flocculation} the process of flocculating; forming woolly cloudlike aggregations
{n: fold, folding} a geological process that causes a bend in a stratum of rock
{n: foliation, leafing} (botany) the process of forming leaves
{n: food company} a company that processes and sells food
{n: foreground processing, foregrounding} the execution of a program that preempts the use of the processing system
{n: format, formatting, data format, data formatting} the organization of information according to preset specifications (usually for computer processing)
{n: formation} natural process that causes something to form
"the formation of gas in the intestine"
"the formation of crystals"
"the formation of pseudopods"
{n: fossilization, fossilisation} the process of fossilizing a plant or animal that existed in some earlier age; the process of being turned to stone
{n: fractionation, fractional process} a process that uses heat to separate a substance into its components
{n: fraction} a component of a mixture that has been separated by a fractional process
{n: free association} a thought process in which ideas (words or images) suggest other ideas in a sequence
{n: functionalism} a psychology based on the assumption that all mental process are useful to an organism in adapting to the environment
{n: gasification} the process of changing into gas
"coal gas is produced by the gasification of coal"
{n: gassing} the process of interacting with gas
{n: gastric digestion} the process of breaking down proteins by the action of the gastric juice in the stomach
{n: gastrulation} the process in which a gastrula develops from a blastula by the inward migration of cells
{n: geological process, geologic process} (geology) a natural process whereby geological features are modified
{n: germination, sprouting} the process whereby seeds or spores sprout and begin to grow
{n: glaciation} the process of covering the earth with glaciers or masses of ice
{n: globigerina} marine protozoan having a rounded shell with spiny processes
{n: glycolysis} a metabolic process that breaks down carbohydrates and sugars through a series of reactions to either pyruvic acid or lactic acid and release energy for the body in the form of ATP
{n: granulation, granulation tissue} new connective tissue and tiny blood vessels that form on the surfaces of a wound during the healing process
{n: gravure} a printing plate used in the process of gravure
{n: grinding} matter resulting from the process of grinding
"vegetable grindings clogged the drain"
{n: groove, channel} a long narrow furrow cut either by a natural process (such as erosion) or by a tool (as e.g. a groove in a phonograph record)
{n: growth, growing, maturation, development, ontogeny, ontogenesis} (biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level
"he proposed an indicator of osseous development in children"
<-> nondevelopment
{n: hair} a filamentous projection or process on an organism
{n: hardening, solidifying, solidification, set, curing} the process of becoming hard or solid by cooling or drying or crystallization
"the hardening of concrete"
"he tested the set of the glue"
{n: healing} the natural process by which the body repairs itself
{n: heating, warming} the process of becoming warmer; a rising temperature
{n: helmetflower, helmet orchid} any of several orchids of the genus Coryanthes having racemes of a few musky-scented waxy flowers with a helmet-shaped lip process
{n: heredity} the biological process whereby genetic factors are transmitted from one generation to the next
{n: higher cognitive process} cognitive processes that presuppose the availability of knowledge and put it to use
{n: horned screamer, Anhima cornuta} screamer having a hornlike process projecting from the forehead
{n: human process} a process in which human beings are involved
{n: humification} the process of the formation of humus
{n: hydration} the process of combining with water; usually reversible
{n: hydrocracking} the process whereby hydrocarbon molecules of petroleum are broken down into kerosene and gasolene by the addition of hydrogen under high pressure in the presence of a catalyst
{n: hydrogenation} a chemical process that adds hydrogen atoms to an unsaturated oil
"food producers use hydrogenation to keep fat from becoming rancid"
{n: hypertext system} a database management system that allows chunks of text (objects) to be processed as a complex network of nodes that are linked together in an arbitrary way
{n: ideation} the process of forming and relating ideas
{n: ignition} the process of initiating combustion or catching fire
{n: immunochemistry, chemoimmunology} the field of chemistry concerned with chemical processes in immunology (such as chemical studies of antigens and antibodies)
{n: implantation, nidation} (embryology) the organic process whereby a fertilized egg becomes implanted in the lining of the uterus of placental mammals
{n: impregnation, saturation} the process of totally saturating something with a substance
"the impregnation of wood with preservative"
"the saturation of cotton with ether"
{n: imprinting} a learning process in early life whereby species specific patterns of behavior are established
{n: inactivation} the process of rendering inactive
"the gene inactivation system"
"thermal inactivation of serum samples"
<-> activation
{n: increase, increment, growth} a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important
"the increase in unemployment"
"the growth of population"
<-> decrease, decrement
{n: induction of labor} (obstetrics) inducing the childbirth process artificially by administering oxytocin or by puncturing the amniotic sac
{n: industrial process} a systematic series of mechanical or chemical operations that produce or manufacture something
{n: infiltration} a process in which individuals (or small groups) penetrate an area (especially the military penetration of enemy positions without detection)
{n: inflow, influx} the process of flowing in
<-> efflux, outflow
{n: information science, informatics, information processing, IP} the sciences concerned with gathering, manipulating, storing, retrieving, and classifying recorded information
{n: information theory} (computer science) a statistical theory dealing with the limits and efficiency of information processing
{n: infusion} the process of extracting certain active properties (as a drug from a plant) by steeping or soaking (usually in water)
{n: inhibition} (physiology) the process whereby nerves can retard or prevent the functioning of an organ or part
"the inhibition of the heart by the vagus nerve"
{n: inspissation} the process of thickening by dehydration
{n: instrumental role, instrument} the semantic role of the entity (usually inanimate) that the agent uses to perform an action or start a process
{n: intaglio printing, intaglio, gravure} a printing process that uses an etched or engraved plate; the plate is smeared with ink and wiped clean, then the ink left in the recesses makes the print
{n: integrated data processing, IDP} automatic data processing in which data acquisition and other stages or processing are integrated into a coherent system
{n: interim, meantime, meanwhile, lag} the time between one event, process, or period and another
"meanwhile the socialists are running the government"
{n: intermediate} a substance formed during a chemical process before the desired product is obtained
{n: intrusion} rock produced by an intrusive process
{n: intuition} instinctive knowing (without the use of rational processes)
{n: invention, innovation} a creation (a new device or process) resulting from study and experimentation
{n: inversion} a chemical process in which the direction of optical rotation of a substance is reversed from dextrorotatory to levorotary or vice versa
{n: ion exchange} a process in which ions are exchanged between a solution and an insoluble (usually resinous) solid; widely used in industrial processing
{n: ionization, ionisation} the process of ionizing; the formation of ions by separating atoms or molecules or radicals or by adding or subtracting electrons from atoms by strong electric fields in a gas
{n: irreversible process} any process that is not reversible
<-> reversible process
{n: judgment, judgement, judging} the cognitive process of reaching a decision or drawing conclusions
{n: jugale, jugal point} the craniometric point at the union of the frontal and temporal processes of the zygomatic bone
{n: juvenescence} the process of growing into a youth
{n: karyokinesis} organic process consisting of the division of the nucleus of a cell during mitosis or meiosis
{n: keratinization, keratinisation} organic process by which keratin is deposited in cells and the cells become horny (as in nails and hair)
{n: kraft, kraft paper} strong wrapping paper made from pulp processed with a sulfur solution
{n: lamina arcus vertebrae} lamina of the vertebral arch; the flattened posterior part of the vertebral arch from which the spinous process extends
{n: lantern fly, lantern-fly} large brightly marked tropical insect with a process like a snout that was formerly thought to emit light
{n: lateral geniculate body, corpus geniculatum laterale} a neural structure that serves as a processing station on the way from the retina to the occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex
{n: law of the land} a phrase used in the Magna Carta to refer to the then established law of the kingdom (as distinct from Roman or civil law); today it refers to fundamental principles of justice commensurate with due process
"the United States Constitution declares itself to be `the supreme law of the land'"
{n: leach, leaching} the process of leaching
{n: lead time} the time interval between the initiation and the completion of a production process
"the lead times for many publications can vary tremendously"
"planning is a area where lead time can be reduced"
{n: learning, acquisition} the cognitive process of acquiring skill or knowledge
"the child's acquisition of language"
{n: lexicalization, lexicalisation} the process of making a word to express a concept
{n: light adaptation} the process of adjusting the eyes to relatively high levels of illumination; the pupil constricts and the cones system is operative
{n: linguistic process, language} the cognitive processes involved in producing and understanding linguistic communication
"he didn't have the language to express his feelings"
{n: linguistic process} a process involved in human language
{n: liquor} a liquid substance that is a solution (or emulsion or suspension) used or obtained in an industrial process
"waste liquors"
{n: list processing} processing data that is given in the form of chained lists
{n: load, loading} a quantity that can be processed or transported at one time
"the system broke down under excessive loads"
{n: lynch law} the practice of punishing people by hanging without due process of law
{n: lynching} putting a person to death by mob action without due process of law
{n: lysogenization, lysogenisation} the process by which a bacterium acquires a phage that becomes integrated into its genome
{n: magnetization, magnetisation, magnetic induction} the process that makes a substance magnetic (temporarily or permanently)
{n: man-made fiber, synthetic fiber} created from natural materials or by chemical processes
{n: mapping, chromosome mapping} (genetics) the process of locating genes on a chromosome
{n: marginalization, marginalisation} the social process of becoming or being made marginal (especially as a group within the larger society)
"the marginalization of the underclass"
"the marginalization of literature"
{n: marketing} the commercial processes involved in promoting and selling and distributing a product or service
"most companies have a manager in charge of marketing"
{n: marrowfat pea} a variety of large pea that is commonly processed and sold in cans
{n: mastoid, mastoid process, mastoid bone, mastoidal} process of the temporal bone behind the ear at the base of the skull
{n: mastoidale} the craniometric point at the lowest point of the mastoid process
{n: mastoidectomy} surgical removal of some or all of the mastoid process
{n: materialization, materialisation} the process of coming into being; becoming reality
"the materialization of her dream"
{n: mathematical process, mathematical operation, operation} (mathematics) calculation by mathematical methods
"the problems at the end of the chapter demonstrated the mathematical processes involved in the derivation"
"they were learning the basic operations of arithmetic"
{n: maximization} the mathematical process of finding the maximum value of a function
{n: measurement, measuring, measure, mensuration} the act or process of assigning numbers to phenomena according to a rule
"the measurements were carefully done"
"his mental measurings proved remarkably accurate"
{n: meatpacking, meat packing, meat-packing business} wholesale packaging of meat for future sale (including slaughtering and processing and distribution to retailers)
{n: mechanism, chemical mechanism} the atomic process that occurs during a chemical reaction
"he determined unique mechanisms for the photochemical reactions"
{n: medial geniculate body, corpus geniculatum mediale} a neural structure that serves as the last of a series of processing centers along the auditory pathway from the cochlea to the temporal lobe of the cerebral cortex
{n: medical scientist} a scientist who studies disease processes
{n: melioration} the linguistic process in which over a period of time a word grows more positive in connotation or more elevated in meaning
{n: mellowing} the process of becoming mellow
{n: memory, remembering} the cognitive processes whereby past experience is remembered
"he can do it from memory"
"he enjoyed remembering his father"
{n: memory} the area of cognitive psychology that studies memory processes
"he taught a graduate course on learning and memory"
{n: merchant bank, acquirer} a credit card processing bank; merchants receive credit for credit card receipts less a processing fee
{n: messaging, electronic messaging} the sending and processing of e-mail by computer
{n: metabolism, metabolic process, metastasis} the organic processes (in a cell or organism) that are necessary for life
{n: metathesis} a linguistic process of transposition of sounds or syllables within a word or words within a sentence
{n: meteorologist} a specialist who studies processes in the earth's atmosphere that cause weather conditions
{n: meteortropism} an effect of climate on biological processes (as the effect on joint pains etc.)
{n: microprocessor} integrated circuit semiconductor chip that performs the bulk of the processing and controls the parts of a system
"a microprocessor functions as the central processing unit of a microcomputer"
"a disk drive contains a microprocessor to handle the internal functions of the drive"
{n: mildew, mold} the process of becoming mildewed
{n: mill, grinder, milling machinery} machinery that processes materials by grinding or crushing
{n: mineral extraction, mineral processing, mineral dressing, ore processing, ore dressing, beneficiation} crushing and separating ore into valuable substances or waste by any of a variety of techniques
{n: mintage} act or process of minting coins
{n: model, theoretical account, framework} a hypothetical description of a complex entity or process
"the computer program was based on a model of the circulatory and respiratory systems"
{n: modernization, modernisation} making modern in appearance or behavior
"the modernization of Nigeria will be a long process"
{n: monition, process of monition} a summons issued after the filing of a libel or claim directing all parties concerned to show cause why the judgment asked for should not be granted
{n: monitor program, monitoring program} a program that observes and regulates and controls or verifies the operations of a data-processing system
{n: mordant} a substance used to treat leather or other materials before dyeing; aids in dyeing process
{n: multiprocessing, parallel processing} simultaneous processing by two or more processing units
{n: multiprocessor} a computer that uses two or more processing units under integrated control
{n: natural childbirth} labor and childbirth without medical intervention; no drugs are given to relieve pain or aid the birth process
"natural childbirth is considered the safest for the baby"
{n: natural language processing, NLP, human language technology} the branch of information science that deals with natural language information
{n: natural language processor, natural language processing application} an application program that deals with natural language text
{n: natural process, natural action, action, activity} a process existing in or produced by nature (rather than by the intent of human beings)
"the action of natural forces"
"volcanic activity"
{n: naturopathy} a method of treating disease using food and exercise and heat to assist the natural healing process
{n: neoplasia} the pathological process that results in the formation and growth of a tumor
{n: neurolinguist} someone trained in neuroscience and linguistics who studies brain processes during language production and reception
{n: newsroom} an office in which news is processed by a newspaper or news agency or television or radio station
{n: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, NADP} a coenzyme similar to NAD and present in most living cells but serves as a reductant in different metabolic processes
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