mood [ mu:d] n.心情，情绪；语气
mood [mu:d] n. 心情,情绪;语气
他有个好脾气。
He has a good temper.
He's in a good mood. *表示“现在正好情绪不错”，和上句的语气不一样。
他这个人脾气暴躁。
He has a bad temper.
He's in a bad mood. *表示“现在碰巧情绪不好”，和上句的语气不太一样。
今天他情绪烦躁。
He's on edge today. *edge“边缘”。on edge 表示“烦躁”、“不安稳”。
What's wrong with him? He's on edge today. (怎么啦，他今天这么烦躁。)
I don't know. (我不知道。)
He's edgy today.
He's in a bad mood today. (他今天情绪不好。)
我没那份心情。
I'm not in the mood.
Do you want to dance? (想跳舞吗?)
I'm not in the mood. (我没那份心情。)
I don't feel like it.
我今天的心情很好。
I'm in a good mood today.
The boss is in a good mood. (老板的心情很好。)
I'm in a bad mood today. (我今天心情不好。)
Am I being petty?
意思是：「我是气量小吗？」或「我是心胸狭窄吗？」(narrow-minded) 这是一个人做了或说了某件事情後，唯恐别人批评或指责而自加「反省」的表态。（或表示谦虚）
这里用 verb to be 的现在进行式，表示气量小或心胸窄是「暂时性」的。而 Am I petty? 又是指「经常性」的。（但是谁又愿意承认自己是经常的气量小，心胸窄呢！所以为了「自尊心」，通常不说"I am petty"，只说"I am being petty." 同理：
Am I being over-reactive?（或 over sensitive?)（我是反应过火或过份敏感吗？）
Are you being in bad mood?（你情绪不好吗？）都是强调「暂时性」。否则就不必使用现在进行式 (being)
I'm not in the mood.
我没心情。
A I think the quality of driving is worst at rush hour.
A 我想高峰时刻的驾驶质量是很低的。
B Rush hour is really bad! I think it’s because everybody wants to get home from work.
B 高峰时刻太糟了！我想这是因为大家都要在下班后赶回家。
A Yes. Everyone seems so stressed and bad-tempered.
A 是的，似乎每个人压力都很大，脾气都很坏。
B You can really sense that everyone is in a bad mood in heavy traffic.
B 在交通拥挤的时候你能真切地感觉到大家的情绪都很糟糕。
A I know. I guess it’s because they’re in a hurry but not moving very fast.
A 我知道。我想这是因为他们都很着急，但是又都移动得非常缓慢。
B That’s when accidents happen.
B 事故就发生在这个时候。
I don't wait for moods. You accomplish nothing if you do that. Your mind must know it has got down to work.
Pearl Buck, American writer
我从不等待情绪的来临。如果你一味等待，就将一事无成。你必须牢记，只有动手才能有所得。
美国作家赛珍珠
@@@ 快乐, 高兴
brighten one's spirits 使精神为之一振; 使...高兴起来
cheer (sb.) up 使高兴, 使情绪好转
have a ball 玩得很痛快; 玩得很开心
have a good time 过得快乐, 玩得高兴
in a good mood 心情好, 高兴
in good spirits 情绪高涨, 兴高采烈
laze about/around 轻松愉快地打发时间
look on the bright side of things 对事物持乐观态度
public amenities 公共娱乐场所/设施
@@@ 好, 善, 美
all right 1.好(与OK的用法相同); 良好
2.毫无疑问地, 显然
be better off doing sth. 日子更好过, 处境更加佳
be good at 善于, 擅长于
by all means 一定; (表示答应)好的, 当然可以
change for the better 改进; 改善; 好转
cheer (sb.) up 使高兴, 使情绪好转
cope with 对付...; 妥善处理棘手之事
do a good job 干得出色, 干得好
do well 做得好, 进展得好
excel in 擅长
fawn on 讨好, 奉承
fine arts 美术
for the better 好转, 向好的方向发展
for the good of 为了对...有好处; 为了...的利益
get/be ready for 准备好
get ... right 把...做好, 把...弄对
get off the ground (指活动、事业等)顺利开始
get set 准备好开始
go well 事情顺利进行
good nature 好脾气
good temper 好心情
had better do sth. 最好还是; 应该
have (sth.) in mind 考虑好; 打算
have a heart of gold 好心肠
hit it off 相处得很好; 合得来
if only 要是...就好了(用以表示对现时或未来的愿望)
in a good mood 心情好, 高兴
in good condition 状态良好
in shape 1.在外形上
2.处于良好状态, 健康
make the best of 善处(逆境); 尽量做好
pay off 1.证明是成功的; 做...是有好处的或值得的
2.还清(债款)
prepare for 准备好, 做...打算
put away 1.把...收起来, 放好
2.存储以备他日之需, 积攒
set the stage for sth. 为某事做好准备或创造条件
superior to 好于, 优于; 高于
take a rain check (on sth.) 谢绝一番好意, 但答应日后接受
think much of 高度评价; 认为不错
too good to be true 太好以致于不现实, 令人难以置信
with flying colors 出色地
You’re in a bad mood. 你的心情不好。
I'm in a good mood.
我现在心情很好。
in a lousy mood 心情很坏
What are you in the mood for?
你想吃什么？
in the mood for sth． 对某事有心境
不爽 [bù shuǎng] /not well/out of sorts/in a bad mood/without discrepancy/accurate/
风气 [fēng qì] /general mood/atmosphere/common practice/
高兴 [gāo xìng] /happy/glad/willing (to do sth)/in a cheerful mood/
啦 [la ] /(an auxiliary word performing the grammatical functions of mood)/fusion of le + a/
气氛 [qì fēn] /atmosphere/mood/
思绪 [sī xù] /(n) train of thought/(n) emotional state; mood; feeling/
心情 [xīn qíng] /mood/frame of mind/
心思 [xīn si ] /(n) idea/(v) thinking about doing sth/(n) inclination; mood/
意境 [yì jìng] /artistic mood or conception/creative concept/
语气 [yǔ qì] /tone/manner of speaking/mood/
Drugs (substances) that affect the central nervous system and alter perception, mood, and behavior are known as psychoactive substances.
影响中枢神经系统、改变感知觉和行为的药物（物质）属于对神经起显著作用的物质，
Psychoactive substances are commonly grouped according to whether they are stimulants, depressants, or hallucinogen.
它们通常分为兴奋剂、镇静剂和幻觉剂。
Stimulants initially speed up or activate the central nervous system, whereas depressants slow it down.
Hallucinogens have their primary effect on perception, distorting and altering it in a variety of ways including producing hallucinations.
兴奋剂主要起到加速或激活中枢神经系统的作用，而镇静剂则相反：减缓它的活动。幻觉剂主要影响人的感知，通过多种方式对感知加以扭曲或改变，其中包括产生幻觉。
These are the substances often called psychedelic (from the Greek word meaning "mind-manifestation") because they seemed to radically alter one's state of consciousness.
这些物质常被认为能“引起幻觉”（psychedelic一词源于希腊语，意为“心灵显现”），因为它们似乎能改变人的意识状态。
{adj: alive} (followed by `to' or `of') aware of
"is alive to the moods of others"
{adj: autumnal} characteristic of late maturity verging on decline
"a serene autumnal mood"
{adj: changeable, changeful} such that alteration is possible; having a marked tendency to change
"changeable behavior"
"changeable moods"
"changeable prices"
<-> unchangeable
{adj: contrary, obstinate, perverse, wayward} resistant to guidance or discipline
"Mary Mary quite contrary"
"an obstinate child with a violent temper"
"a perverse mood"
"wayward behavior"
{adj: disagreeable} not to your liking
"a most disagreeable journey"
"a disagreeable old man"
"in a disagreeable mood"
<-> agreeable
{adj: disdainful, haughty, lordly, prideful, sniffy, supercilious, swaggering} having or showing arrogant superiority to and disdain of those one views as unworthy
"some economists are disdainful of their colleagues in other social disciplines"
"haughty aristocrats"
"his lordly manners were offensive"
"walked with a prideful swagger"
"very sniffy about breaches of etiquette"
"his mother eyed my clothes with a supercilious air"
"a more swaggering mood than usual"- W.L.Shirer
{adj: dreamy, lackadaisical, languid, languorous} lacking spirit or liveliness
"a lackadaisical attempt"
"a languid mood"
"a languid wave of the hand"
"a hot languorous afternoon"
{adj: dreamy, moony, woolgathering} dreamy in mood or nature
"a woolgathering moment"
{adj: dull} lacking in liveliness or animation
"he was so dull at parties"
"a dull political campaign"
"a large dull impassive man"
"dull days with nothing to do"
"how dull and dreary the world is"
"fell back into one of her dull moods"
<-> lively
{adj: gloomy, grim, darkening} characterized by hopelessness; filled with gloom
"gloomy at the thought of what he had to face"
"gloomy predictions"
"a gloomy silence"
"took a grim view of the economy"
"the darkening mood"
{adj: hateful, mean} characterized by malice
"a hateful thing to do"
"in a mean mood"
{adj: imperative} relating to verbs in the imperative mood
{adj: indicative, declarative} relating to the mood of verbs that is used simple declarative statements
"indicative mood"
{adj: infinite, non-finite} of verbs; having neither person nor number nor mood (as a participle or gerund or infinitive)
"infinite verb form"
<-> finite
{adj: interrogative} relating to verbs in the so-called interrogative mood
"not all questions have an interrogative construction"
{adj: mind-altering} producing mood changes or distorted perception
"hallucinogenic drugs are mind-altering substances"
{adj: modal} relating to or expressing the mood of a verb
"modal auxiliary"
{adj: moody, temperamental} subject to sharply varying moods
"a temperamental opera singer"
{adj: nasty, awful} offensive or even (of persons) malicious
"in a nasty mood"
"a nasty accident"
"a nasty shock"
"a nasty smell"
"a nasty trick to pull"
"Will he say nasty things at my funeral?"- Ezra Pound
<-> nice
{adj: optative} relating to a mood of verbs in some languages
"optative verb endings"
{adj: optimistic} expecting the best in this best of all possible worlds
"in an optimistic mood"
"optimistic plans"
"took an optimistic view"
<-> pessimistic
{adj: overriding, paramount, predominant, predominate, preponderant, preponderating} having superior power and influence
"the predominant mood among policy-makers is optimism"
{adj: psychoactive, psychotropic} affecting the mind or mood or other mental processes
"psychoactive drugs"
<-> nonpsychoactive
{adj: somber, sombre, melancholy} grave or even gloomy in character
"solemn and mournful music"
"a suit of somber black"
"a somber mood"
{adj: subjunctive} relating to a mood of verbs
"subjunctive verb endings"
{adj: versatile} changeable or inconstant
"versatile moods"
{adv: cantankerously} in a bad mood
"he answered her cantankerously"
{n: bad temper, ill temper} a persisting angry mood
{n: climate, mood} the prevailing psychological state
"the climate of opinion"
"the national mood had changed radically since the last election"
{n: declarative sentence, declaratory sentence} a sentence (in the indicative mood) that makes a declaration
{n: disposition, temperament} your usual mood
"he has a happy disposition"
{n: dysthymia, dysthymic depression} mild chronic depression
"I thought she had just been in a bad mood for thirty years, but the doctor called it dysthymia"
{n: flippancy, light-mindedness} inappropriate levity
"her mood changed and she was all lightness and joy"
{n: good humor, good humour, good temper, amiability} a cheerful and agreeable mood
<-> ill humor
{n: ill humor, ill humour, distemper} an angry and disagreeable mood
<-> good humor
{n: imperative mood, imperative, jussive mood, imperative form} a mood that expresses an intention to influence the listener's behavior
{n: indicative mood, indicative, declarative mood, declarative, common mood, fact mood} a mood (grammatically unmarked) that represents the act or state as an objective fact
{n: interrogative mood, interrogative} some linguists consider interrogative sentences to constitute a mood
{n: mania, manic disorder} a mood disorder; an affective disorder in which the victim tends to respond excessively and sometimes violently
{n: mood, mode, modality} verb inflections that express how the action or state is conceived by the speaker
{n: moodiness} having temperamental and changeable moods
{n: nation, land, country} the people who live in a nation or country
"a statement that sums up the nation's mood"
"the news was announced to the nation"
"the whole country worshipped him"
{n: optative mood, optative} a mood (as in Greek or Sanskrit) that expresses a wish or hope; expressed in English by modal verbs
{n: peeve} an annoyed or irritated mood
{n: psychoactive drug, mind-altering drug, consciousness-altering drug, psychoactive substance} a drug that can produce mood changes and distorted perceptions
{n: subjunctive mood, subjunctive} a mood that represent an act or state (not as a fact but) as contingent or possible
{n: sulk, sulkiness} a mood or display of sullen aloofness or withdrawal
"stayed home in a sulk"
{n: temper, mood, humor, humour} a characteristic (habitual or relatively temporary) state of feeling
"whether he praised or cursed me depended on his temper at the time"
"he was in a bad humor"
{n: warpath} hostile or belligerent mood
"the chief is on the warpath today"
{v: catch, get} apprehend and reproduce accurately
"She really caught the spirit of the place in her drawings"
"She got the mood just right in her photographs"
{v: catch} be struck or affected by
"catch fire"
"catch the mood"
{v: change, alter, vary} make or become different in some particular way, without permanently losing one's or its former characteristics or essence
"her mood changes in accordance with the weather"
"The supermarket's selection of vegetables varies according to the season"
{v: disgruntle} put into a bad mood or into bad humour
"The employees were disgruntled by their bad working conditions"
{v: exude} make apparent by one's mood or behaviour
"She exude great confidence"
{v: govern} require to be in a certain grammatical case, voice, or mood
"most transitive verbs govern the accusative case in German"
{v: humor, humour} put into a good mood
{v: reproduce} recreate an idea, mood, atmosphere, etc. as by artistic means
"He reproduced the feeling of sadness in the portrait"
{v: settle} become resolved, fixed, established, or quiet
"The roar settled to a thunder"
"The wind settled in the West"
"it is settling to rain"
"A cough settled in her chest"
"Her mood settled into lethargy"
{v: swing} alternate dramatically between high and low values
"his mood swings"
"the market is swinging up and down"
{v: vary} be subject to change in accordance with a variable
"Prices vary"
"His moods vary depending on the weather"
Up to 40 per cent of women suffer from the disruptive symptoms of premenstrual syndrome( PMS), including mood swings, bloating, food cravings and pain.
多达四成的妇女深受经前综合症之苦，这些引起体内紊乱的症状包括情绪不稳、肿胀、嗜食和疼痛。
" Proper breathing nourishes the central nervous system, establishes a harmonious pattern for other bodily rhythms, and regulates moods and emotions. "
"正常的呼吸滋养中枢神经系统，为其他的躯体节律建立一种和谐的模式，并调节心境和情绪。
He was in a bad mood after his son had committed suicide.
他因儿子自杀而心情不好。
If you 're in an eclectic mood, Mezza9( 730-7189) in the Grand Hyatt Hotel offers an upscale international eating experience.
如果你各种菜都想尝尝，在档次颇高的君悦大酒店迈萨餐厅（电话： 730-7189），可以体验一下遍尝天下风味的感受。
The mood is more bleak than brave in Hut 17 on the moor of Tweedy's farm, in the mid- 0s. 50年代中期，位于顿笛农场荒原的第 17号棚屋，氛凉，一点也不美好。
While the old Hayden had only a handful of faded exhibits to get visitors into a cosmic mood, the new planetarium is overstuffed with information.
旧海登天文馆只有为数不多已褪色的展品为参观者营造一宇宙的氛，而新馆则提供为丰富的信息。
Do something to get yourself in a good mood, like listening to music, rather than returning calls on the cell phone.
听听音乐，给自己一份好心情，不要用移动电话打个不停。
The government is also getting in the mood. It plans to issue millennial postage stamps, a special series of banknotes, and a freshly minted millennium coin.
政府也感染了喜庆之气，准备发行千禧年邮票和特别系列的钞票，还有新铸成的千禧年硬币。
Its mood of wariness rather than searching and its attitude of general expectancy instead of anticipating are silk-thin veils of tranquility over an explosive endocrine system.
其谨慎防范而非四出寻觅的心态，以及笼统等待而非预谋筹划的态度，构成了两层薄如丝绸的面纱，掩隐着一个极具爆发力的内分泌系统（endocrine system）。
CHANGE YOUR OWN WAY
Few people are randomly violent. They blow up on particular occasions over particular issues. Track your boss's peeves and patterns, then eliminate the triggers within your control. For example, if he snarls when you arrive just five minutes late to work or make one typo on a memo, avoid these slipups no matter how trivial they seem. If one of your coworkers manages your boss's moods skillfully, ask him what you could be doing more effectively, then borrow a few of his moves.
改变你自己的办事方式
很少有人是随意发火的。他们一般是在特定场合因特定的事而发作的。你要摸清你的老板的脾气，并尽可能消除隐患。比如，他为了你上班仅迟到5分钟或打错了一个字便大发雷霆，那么你就要尽量避免这类疏忽，不论它们看起来多么微不足道。如果你的某位同事善于应付老板的情绪，那你就向他请教一下你怎么做才能更为有效，不妨借用他的一些手段。
F06.3
Organic mood [affective] disorders
Disorders characterized by a change in mood or affect, usually accompanied by a change in
the overall level of activity, depressive, hypomanic, manic or bipolar (see F30-F32), but
arising as a consequence of an organic disorder.
Excludes: mood disorders, nonorganic or unspecified (F30-F39)
器质性情感障碍症
以情绪或情感改变为特徵之疾病 ， 通常合并整体性
活动量之改变 ， 忧郁、轻躁、躁症或双相 ( 极 ) 症
(F30-F32) ， 但只肇因於器质性之疾病 * 不包含 ： 情感障
碍症 ， 非器质性或未明示的 (F30-F39)
F20.1
Hebephrenic schizophrenia
A form of schizophrenia in which affective changes are prominent, delusions and
hallucinations fleeting and fragmentary, behaviour irresponsible and unpredictable, and
mannerisms common. The mood is shallow and inappropriate, thought is disorganized, and
speech is incoherent. There is a tendency to social isolation. Usually the prognosis is
poor because of the rapid development of "negative" symptoms, particularly
flattening of affect and loss of volition. Hebephrenia should normally be diagnosed only
in adolescents or young adults.
Disorganized schizophrenia
Hebephrenia
青春型精神分裂症
精神分裂症的一种 ， 其情感变化显着 ， 妄想与幻觉
变化不定且片片断断 ， 行为不负责任且无法预测 ，
常有作态现象。情绪表浅且不恰当 ， 思想凌乱、语
言失序。患者有孤独的倾向。通常预後不好 ， 因为
其负性症状迅速产生 ， 特别是情感平淡与意志力丧
失。一般而言 ， 第一次下此诊断时 ， 是要在青春期
或成年初期。
解组型精神分裂症 (disorganized schizorhernia)
青春型精神病症 （hebephrenia)
F25
Schizoaffective disorders
Episodic disorders in which both affective and schizophrenic symptoms are prominent but
which do not justify a diagnosis of either schizophrenia or depressive or manic episodes.
Other conditions in which affective symptoms are superimposed on a pre-existing
schizophrenic illness, or co-exist or alternate with persistent delusional disorders of
other kinds, are classified under F20-F29. Mood-incongruent psychotic symptoms in
affective disorders do not justify a diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder.
分裂情感障碍症
此乃阵发性疾病 ， 在相同的一次疾病中合并出现明
显的情感及精神分裂症状 ， 但均不足以诊断为精神
分裂症、忧郁症或躁症发作。若有情感症状续发於
先前既有之精神分裂症或与持久妄想症同存或交替
出现 ， 则仍分类於 F20-F29 。与情感不一致之精神病性
症状若存在於情感疾病中 ， 亦不能诊断为分裂精神
障碍症。
Mood [affective] disorders (F30-F39)
This block contains disorders in which the fundamental disturbance is a change in affect
or mood to depression (with or without associated anxiety) or to elation. The mood change
is usually accompanied by a change in the overall level of activity; most of the other
symptoms are either secondary to, or easily understood in the context of, the change in
mood and activity. Most of these disorders tend to be recurrent and the onset of
individual episodes can often be related to stressful events or situations.
情感疾病 （F30-F39）
本节包含基本障碍是情感改变的疾病 ， 情感或忧郁
（ 同时或有或无焦虑 ） 或高昂。情感的改变均同时
有整体活动量的改变。其伴随的大多数症状都是情
绪及活动变化而来。这些疾病有复发的倾向 ， 通常
每次发作与压力事件或情境相关。
F30.0
Hypomania
A disorder characterized by a persistent mild elevation of mood, increased energy and
activity, and usually marked feelings of well-being and both physical and mental
efficiency. Increased sociability, talkativeness, over-familiarity, increased sexual
energy, and a decreased need for sleep are often present but not to the extent that they
lead to severe disruption of work or result in social rejection. Irritability, conceit,
and boorish behaviour may take the place of the more usual euphoric sociability. The
disturbances of mood and behaviour are not accompanied by hallucinations or delusions.
轻躁症
持续的情绪轻微高扬 （ 至少持续数天 ） ， 活力与活
动量增加 ， 通常感觉一切都顺利 ， 且有很好的身心
效力。通常会社交增加 ， 爱说话 ， 过度亲密 ， 性欲
增加 ， 减少睡眠需求等 ， 但其严重度不致於干扰其
工作常规或社交上被人排斥。有时呈现易怒 ， 自夸
及粗野行为 ， 而没有常见之溢乐性社交行为。这些
情感与行为障碍不会伴有幻觉或妄想。
F30.1
Mania without psychotic symptoms
Mood is elevated out of keeping with the patient's circumstances and may vary from
carefree joviality to almost uncontrollable excitement. Elation is accompanied by
increased energy, resulting in overactivity, pressure of speech, and a decreased need for
sleep. Attention cannot be sustained, and there is often marked distractibility.
Self-esteem is often inflated with grandiose ideas and overconfidence. Loss of normal
social inhibitions may result in behaviour that is reckless, foolhardy, or inappropriate
to the circumstances, and out of character.
无精神病性症状之躁症
情绪高昂之变动与病人的环境不协调 ， 可从无忧无
虑的快乐感到几乎无法控制的激动。情绪高扬伴随
活动力增加 ， 造成活动过度、说话急迫、睡眠需求
减少。注意力不能持续 ， 时常很明显的易於分心。
自我评价膨胀 ， 很夸大或过於自信的想法。患者社
会情境适当性不加以考量 ， 其行为会因而鲁莽、有
勇无谋或显得与社会情境不相宜 ， 与原来个性不相
称。
F30.2
Mania with psychotic symptoms
In addition to the clinical picture described in F30.1, delusions (usually grandiose) or
hallucinations (usually of voices speaking directly to the patient) are present, or the
excitement, excessive motor activity, and flight of ideas are so extreme that the subject
is incomprehensible or inaccessible to ordinary communication.
Mania with:
. mood-congruent psychotic symptoms
. mood-incongruent psychotic symptoms
Manic stupor
除了临床特徵比 F30.1 更严重外 ， 妄想 （ 通常是夸大的
） 或幻觉 （ 通常是直接与病患说话之声音 ） ， 或有
极严重之激动 ， 活动过度与极严重之意念飞跃 ， 患
者变得完全无法沟通。
躁症有 :
． 符合情感之精神病性症状
． 不符情感之精神病性症状
躁性静呆
F31
Bipolar affective disorder
A disorder characterized by two or more episodes in which the patient's mood and activity
levels are significantly disturbed, this disturbance consisting on some occasions of an
elevation of mood and increased energy and activity (hypomania or mania) and on others of
a lowering of mood and decreased energy and activity (depression). Repeated episodes of
hypomania or mania only are classified as bipolar (F31.8).
Includes: manic-depressive:
. illness
. psychosis
. reaction
Excludes: bipolar disorder, single manic episode (F30.-)
cyclothymia (F34.0)
双相 （ 极 ） 性情感障碍
疾病的特徵是二次或更多次的发作 ， 病人的情绪 ，
活动量有显着障碍 ， 包含一些情绪高昂 ， 活动量与
活力增加的发作 （ 躁症或轻躁症 ） 及一些情感低沈
， 活动量与活力降低 （ 忧郁症 ） 的发作。只有重覆
轻躁症或躁症发作应分类为双相 （ 极 ） 性情感症
(F31.8) 之一种。
包含 ： 躁郁 ：
． 疾病
． 精神病
． 反应
不包含 ： 双相性情感障碍症 ， 单躁症发作 (bipolar disorder
, single manic episode (F30.-)
循环情感障碍症 (cyclothymia F34.0)
F31 .7
Bipolar affective disorder, currently in remission
The patient has had at least one authenticated hypomanic, manic, or mixed affective
episode in the past, and at least one other affective episode (hypomanic, manic,
depressive, or mixed) in addition, but is not currently suffering from any significant
mood disturbance, and has not done so for several months. Periods of remission during
prophylactic treatment should be coded here.
双相情感障碍 ， 缓解期
过去至少有一次躁症或轻躁症或混合型情感发作并
且至少还有其他一次情感障碍症发作 （ 轻躁症、躁
症、郁症或混合型 ） ， 但现在并无任何的情绪障碍
， 无症状至少几个月以上。因接受预防性治疗而缓
解之期间 ， 亦算在内。
F32
Depressive episode
In typical mild, moderate, or severe depressive episodes, the patient suffers from
lowering of mood, reduction of energy, and decrease in activity. Capacity for enjoyment,
interest, and concentration is reduced, and marked tiredness after even minimum effort is
common. Sleep is usually disturbed and appetite diminished. Self-esteem and self-
confidence are almost always reduced and, even in the mild form, some ideas of guilt or
worthlessness are often present. The lowered mood varies little from day to day, is
unresponsive to circumstances and may be accompanied by so-called "somatic"
symptoms, such as loss of interest and pleasurable feelings, waking in the morning several
hours before the usual time, depression worst in the morning, marked psychomotor
retardation, agitation, loss of appetite, weight loss, and loss of libido. Depending upon
the number and severity of the symptoms, a depressive episode may be specified as mild,
moderate or severe.
Includes: single episodes of:
. depressive reaction
. psychogenic depression
. reactive depression
Excludes: adjustment disorder (F43.2)
recurrent depressive disorder (F33.-)
when associated with conduct disorders in F91.- (F92.0)
郁症发作
典型的轻度 (F32.0) 、中度 (F32.1) 或重度 (F32.2及.3) 忧郁症发
作 ， 患者通常有忧郁情绪 ， 体力下降 ， 活动降低。
快乐感、兴趣、注意力均减低 ， 只稍微做事後即有
明显的疲倦是常见的。睡眠障碍 ， 食欲减低 ， 自我
评价与自信减低 ， 有罪恶感与无用感的意念 （ 甚至
在轻度忧郁发作时亦存在 ） 。每一天的情绪持续低
潮 ， 变化不大 ， 对生活情境常无反应。
上述症状中的一些项目可能很显着 ， 且展现特异之
表徵 ， 此特异表徵被普遍地认为有特殊临床意义。
最典型的例子是所谓的 ＂ 常伴有身体性 (somatic) 症状 ″
， 如失去兴趣或快乐感 ， 较平日睡醒时间更早数小
时睡醒 ， 一天之中早上更加忧郁 ， 精神运动迟滞或
激动 ， 丧失食欲 ， 体重减轻 ， 丧失性欲。由上述症
状数目与严重度 ， 可以区分为轻度 (F32.0) 、中度 （F32.1)
及重度 (F32.3及.3) 忧郁发作。
包含 ： 单一次发作 ：
． 忧郁反应
． 心因性忧郁
． 反应性忧郁
不包含 ： 适应障碍症 （F43.2)
复发性郁症 （F33.-）
伴有 F91.- 之行为障碍症 (F92.0)
F32.3
Severe depressive episode with psychotic symptoms
An episode of depression as described in F32.2, but with the presence of hallucinations,
delusions, psychomotor retardation, or stupor so severe that ordinary social activities
are impossible; there may be danger to life from suicide, dehydration, or starvation. The
hallucinations and delusions may or may not be mood-congruent.
Single episodes of:
. major depression with psychotic symptoms
. psychogenic depressive psychosis
. psychotic depression
. reactive depressive psychosis
有精神病性症状之重度郁症发作
符合 F32.2 重度郁症发作之状况 ， 而且有幻觉、妄想、
精神运动迟滞或郁性静呆的症状。这些症状很严重
， 以致於日常活动之执行是不可能的 ， 会因自杀、
脱水、饥饿而有死亡之可能。其幻觉与妄想与其情
感状况或相符 ， 或不符。
单次发作 ：
． 有精神病性症状之重郁症
． 精神病性郁症 (psychotic depression )
． 心因性郁性精神病症 (psychogenic depressive psychosis)
． 反应性忧郁精神病症 (reactive depressive psychosis) 〕
F33
Recurrent depressive disorder
A disorder characterized by repeated episodes of depression as described for depressive
episode (F32.-), without any history of independent episodes of mood elevation and
increased energy (mania). There may however, be brief episodes of mild mood elevation and
overactivity (hypomania) immediately after a depressive episode, sometimes precipitated by
antidepressant treatment. The more severe forms of recurrent depressive disorder (F33.2
and F33.3) have much in common with earlier concepts such as manic-depressive depression,
melancholia vital depression and endogenous depression. The first episode may occur at any
age from childhood to old age, the onset may be either acute or insidious, and the
duration varies from a few weeks to many months. The risk that a patient with recurrent
depressive disorder will have an episode of mania never disappears completely, however
many depressive episodes have been experienced. If such an episode does occur, the
diagnosis should be changed to bipolar affective disorder (F31 .-).
Includes: recurrent episodes of:
. depressive reaction
. psychogenic depression
. reactive depression
seasonal depressive disorder
Excludes: recurrent brief depressive episodes (F38.1)
复发性郁症
疾病特徵是重覆发作的郁症 (F32.-) ， 而且没有躁症如
情绪高昂、活动过度的发作病史。然而若一忧郁发
作之後 ， 立即有轻微情绪高昂与过动的短暂轻躁症
发作有时是因抗郁剂治疗忧郁症所诱发的 ， 仍要使
用此项分类。较严重之复发性郁症 (F33.2和F33.3) 与以前
躁郁性郁症 ， melancholia , 生机性郁症与内因性郁症之概
念相似。初次发作可以由孩童期到老年期之任何年
龄 ； 发作或急性或渐近性 ； 其生病期间可以是几星
期至几个月不一定。复发性郁症者会发生躁症发作
的危险性 （ 无论经验多少次的忧郁发作 ） 决不会完
全消失。若发生躁症发作应将诊断改为双相情感障
碍症 （F31.-） 。
包含 ： 重覆发作 ：
． 忧郁性反应 (depressive reaction)
． 心因性忧郁 (psychogenic depression)
． 反应性忧郁症 (reactive depression)
季节性情感障碍症 (sasonal affective disorder)(F33.0或F33.1)
不包含 ： 复发性短暂忧郁发作 (F38.1)
F34
Persistent mood [affective] disorders
Persistent and usually fluctuating disorders of mood in which the majority of the
individual episodes are not sufficiently severe to warrant being described as hypomanic or
mild depressive episodes. Because they last for many years, and sometimes for the greater
part of the patient's adult life, they involve considerable distress and disability. In
some instances, recurrent or single manic or depressive episodes may become superimposed
on a persistent affective disorder.
持久情感障碍症
这些是持续且通常会变动性的情感疾病 ， 各次发作
很少严重到可被描述为轻躁或轻忧郁发作。因为持
续数年 ， 有时持续於成人期的大部分 ， 并造成病人
相当困扰与功能障碍。然而有时候 ， 在持续性感疾
病之病程中可能会加上单一发作或复发性之躁症、
或郁症之发生。
F34.0
Cyclothymia
A persistent instability of mood involving numerous periods of depression and mild
elation, none of which is sufficiently severe or prolonged to justify a diagnosis of
bipolar affective disorder (F31.-) or recurrent depressive disorder (F33.-). This disorder
is frequently found in the relatives of patients with bipolar affective disorder. Some
patients with cyclothymia eventually develop bipolar affective disorder.
Affective personality disorder
Cycloid personality
Cyclothymic personality
循环性情感障碍症 (cyclothymia)
持久的情绪不稳 ， 包含多次轻度忧郁及轻度情感高
扬。但其严重度与时间都不足以符合双相情感障碍
症 (F31.-) ， 或复发性郁症 (F33.-) 的诊断准则。在双相 （
极 ） 情感障碍症 (F31.-) 病患家属中常见此症 ， 并且有
些循环性情感障碍症 ， 终会发展成双相 （ 极 ） 情感
障碍症。
情感性人格障碍症 (affective persanality disorder)
循环性人格 (cycloid persanality)
循环情感性人格 (cyclothymic personality) 〕。
F34.1
Dysthymia
A chronic depression of mood, lasting at least several years, which is not sufficiently
severe, or in which individual episodes are not sufficiently prolonged, to justify a
diagnosis of severe, moderate, or mild recurrent depressive disorder (F33.-).
Depressive:
. neurosis
. personality disorder
Neurotic depression
Persistent anxiety depression
Excludes: anxiety depression (mild or not persistent) (F41.2)
轻郁情感障碍症 (Dysthymia)
一种慢性忧郁情绪 ， 其发病期间至少数年以上。其
严重度、或单次忧郁期间 ， 不符合轻度或中度或重
度复发性郁症 (F33.-) 的诊断准则。
忧郁性
． 精神官能症
． 人格障碍症
官能性忧郁症 （ 有二年以上者 ）
持久焦虑性忧郁症
不包含 ： 轻度或不持续的焦虑性忧郁症 (F41.2) 。
F34.8
Other persistent mood [affective] disorders
其他持久情感障碍症
F34.9
Persistent mood [affective] disorder, unspecified
未明示的持久情感障碍症
F38
Other mood [affective] disorders
Any other mood disorders that do not justify classification to F30-F34, because they are
not of sufficient severity or duration.
其他情感障碍症
严重度或生病期间不足以归类於 F30-F34 之任何情感障
碍。
F38.0
Other single mood [affective] disorders
Mixed affective episode
其他单一情感发作
混合情感症发作。
F38.1
Other recurrent mood [affective] disorders
Recurrent brief depressive episodes
其他复发性情感障碍症
复发性短暂忧郁发作。
F38.8
Other specified mood [affective] disorders
其他情感障碍症
F39
Unspecified mood [affective] disorder
Affective psychosis NOS
未明示的情感疾病
其他未明示的情感性精神病症
F43.2
Adjustment disorders
States of subjective distress and emotional disturbance, usually interfering with social
functioning and performance, arising in the period of adaptation to a significant life
change or a stressful life event. The stressor may have affected the integrity of an
individual's social network (bereavement, separation experiences) or the wider system of
social supports and values (migration, refugee status), or represented a major
developmental transition or crisis (going to school, becoming a parent, failure to attain
a cherished personal goal, retirement). Individual predisposition or vulnerability plays
an important role in the risk of occurrence and the shaping of the manifestations of
adjustment disorders, but it is nevertheless assumed that the condition would not have
arisen without the stressor. The manifestations vary and include depressed mood, anxiety
or worry (or mixture of these), a feeling of inability to cope, plan ahead, or continue in
the present situation, as well as some degree of disability in the performance of daily
routine. Conduct disorders may be an associated feature, particularly in adolescents. The
predominant feature may be a brief or prolonged depressive reaction, or a disturbance of
other emotions and conduct.
Culture shock
Grief reaction
Hospitalism in children
Excludes: separation anxiety disorder of childhood （F93.0）
适应障碍症
主观的苦恼或情绪困扰状态 ， 通常对社会功能及社
交表现造成妨碍 ， 此状况发生於对某一重大生活改
变或生活压力事件後的适应时期。此压力事件可能
已影响到一个人社会网路的整全状态 （ 如生离死别
） ， 或影响到更大的社会支持或价值系统 （ 如移民
流亡 ） ， 或代表一种发展之转型或危机 （ 如上学、
初为人父、人母、未能达成人生既定目标、退休 ）
。个别的体质及易罹病性对此疾病发生的危险性及
适应障碍症状表现的形式扮演重要的角色 ， 但假定
没有此压力事件 ， 就不会有此种疾病的产生。临床
表现上各式各样 ， 包含忧郁、焦虑、烦恼 （ 或以上
的混合 ） ， 感觉无法去应付 ， 无法事前做计划或觉
得在目前的环境下无法继续做下去 ， 而每天的例行
表现也有某种程度的损害。行为障碍可能是连带的
表现 ， 尤其在青少年。最显着的表现可能是短期或
长期忧郁或其他情绪、行为障碍。
文化休克
悲伤反应
儿童住院徵候群
不包含 ： 儿童期分离焦虑症 （93.0）
F60.3
Emotionally unstable personality disorder
Personality disorder characterized by a definite tendency to act impulsively and without
consideration of the consequences, the mood is unpredictable and capricious. There is a
liability to outbursts of emotion and an incapacity to control the behavioural explosions.
There is a tendency to quarrelsome behaviour and to conflicts with others, especially when
impulsive acts are thwarted or censored. Two types may be distinguished: the impulsive
type, characterized predominantly by emotional instability and lack of impulse control,
and the borderline type, characterized in addition by disturbances in self-image, aims,
and internal preferences, by chronic feelings of emptiness, by intense and unstable
interpersonal relationships, and by a tendency to self- destructive behaviour, including
suicide gestures and attempts.
Personality (disorder):
. aggressive
. borderline
. explosive
Excludes: dissocial personality disorder (F60.2)
情绪不稳定性人格违常
此种人格违常的特质是没经过考虑而做出冲动的行
为 ， 同时伴随有不稳定的情绪 ， 当面临他人的批评
或与其意见相左时 ， 经常是无法事前经过深思熟虑
就爆发强烈的愤怒而引起暴力行为。此类人格违常
之诊断中 ， 又常被区分有下列二亚型 ， 而其都有冲
动和缺乏自我控制之共同特性。冲动型 （impulsive type）
， 其主要之特徵为情绪不稳定及缺少冲动控制的能
力 ； 边缘型 （borderline type） ， 主要特徵除上述之外 ， 再
加上有对自我之形象、人生目标以及内心之取向 （
包含性取向 ） 常不清楚或有困扰。其常有长期的空
虚感。因其不安定之情绪状态 ， 而常陷於强烈不稳
定的人际关系 ， 而常有自杀的威胁及自伤的行为。
人格 （ 违常 ） ：
． 攻击性人格违常
． 边缘性人格违常
． 爆发性人格违常
不包含 ： 异规性人格违常 (F60.2)
F62.1
Enduring personality change after psychiatric illness
Personality change, persisting for at least two years, attributable to the traumatic
experience of suffering from a severe psychiatric illness. The change cannot be explained
by a previous personality disorder and should be differentiated from residual
schizophrenia and other states of incomplete recovery from an antecedent mental disorder.
This disorder is characterized by an excessive dependence on and a demanding attitude
towards others; conviction of being changed or stigmatized by the illness, leading to an
inability to form and maintain close and confiding personal relationships and to social
isolation; passivity, reduced interests, and diminished involvement in leisure activities;
persistent complaints of being ill, which may be associated with hypochondriacal claims
and illness behaviour; dysphoric or labile mood, not due to the presence of a current
mental disorder or antecedent mental disorder with residual affective symptoms; and
longstanding problems in social and occupational functioning.
精神疾病後长久人格变异症
由於承受严重精神疾病的创伤经验所引发的人格改
变 ， 至少得持续两年。此种改变无法以先前存在的
人格违常来解释 ， 必须与精神分裂症残馀症状及其
他先前存在精神疾病未完全康复状态做鉴别诊断 ，
此种人格违常之特质 ： 对他人过度依赖且过度要求
， 由於疾病所影响或心中烙印此一疾病 ， 导致无法
与他人形成且维持亲密而信赖的人际关系 ， 造成社
会孤立 ； 显得较被动 ； 兴趣变的较低落 ， 且减少休
闲活动之参与 ， 不断抱怨处於生病之中 ， 可能附带
虑病性的要求及生病行为 ； 其低落情绪或不稳定之
情绪 ， 并非源自目前存在的精神疾病或先前存在的
精神疾病之残存症状 ； 并且长期有社会功能和职业
功能方面的问题。
F90
Hyperkinetic disorders
A group of disorders characterized by an early onset (usually in the first five years of
life), lack of persistence in activities that require cognitive involvement, and a
tendency to move from one activity to another without completing any one, together with
disorganized, ill- regulated, and excessive activity. Several other abnormalities may be
associated. Hyperkinetic children are often reckless and impulsive, prone to accidents,
and find themselves in disciplinary trouble because of unthinking breaches of rules rather
than deliberate defiance. Their relationships with adults are often socially disinhibited,
with a lack of normal caution and reserve. They are unpopular with other children and may
become isolated. Impairment of cognitive functions is common, and specific delays in motor
and language development are disproportionately frequent. Secondary complications include
dissocial behaviour and low self-esteem.
Excludes: anxiety disorders (F41.-)
mood [affective] disorders (F30-F39)
pervasive developmental disorders (F84.-)
schizophrenia (F20.-)
过动性疾患
为一群表现特徵为早期发作 （ 通常在 5 岁之前 ） 之疾
患 ， 表现出缺乏需要牵涉认知的活动之持续性 ， 并
且倾向由一种活动转移到另一种 ， 而没有完成任何
一种 ， 伴随着紊乱 ， 难以调节 ， 过度的活动。数种
其他异常可能与此有关。过动症儿童常常是鲁莽的
， 易冲动的 ， 易於发生意外 ， 和发现自己陷入被惩
戒的麻烦 ， 乃因为不去思考规则胜於考虑违反之结
果。他们与成人之人际关系常不受社会上之抑制、
及缺乏正常的警戒与保留。他们不受其他儿童所欢
迎 ， 且可能变成弧独 ， 认知功能的损害是常见的 ，
且运动和语言发育的特异性迟缓是不相称地频繁。
次发性并发症包含孤癖的行为。
不包含 ： 焦虑疾患 (F41.-)
感情性疾患 (F30-F39)
弥漫性发育疾患 (F84.-)
精神分裂症 (F20.-)
F91
Conduct disorders
Disorders characterized by a repetitive and persistent pattern of dissocial, aggressive,
or defiant conduct. Such behaviour should amount to major violations of age-appropriate
social expectations; it should therefore be more severe than ordinary childish mischief or
adolescent rebelliousness and should imply an enduring pattern of behaviour (six months or
longer). Features of conduct disorder can also be symptomatic of other psychiatric
conditions, in which case the underlying diagnosis should be preferred.
Examples of the behaviours on which the diagnosis is based include excessive levels of
fighting or bullying, cruelty to other people or animals, severe destructiveness to
property, fire-setting, stealing, repeated lying, truancy from school and running away
from home, unusually frequent and severe temper tantrums, and disobedience. Any one of
these behaviours, if marked, is sufficient for the diagnosis, but isolated dissocial acts
are not.
Excludes: mood [affective] disorders (F30-F39)
pervasive developmental disorders (F84.-)
schizophrenia (F20.-)
when associated with:
. emotional disorders (F92.-)
. hyperkinetic disorders (F90.1)
行为规范障碍症 ：
行为规范障碍症的特徵是重覆而持续的违反规范 ，
攻击或叛逆性行为 ， 与适龄的社会期望背道而驰 ，
远比一般儿童的淘气或少年的反抗性严重。偶发的
违反规范或犯罪行为并非诊断的基础 ， 行为规范障
碍症应是一种持续的行为模式 （ 超过六个月以上 ）
。行为规范障碍症之现象可以是其他精神疾病的症
状 ， 在这种情况 ， 要以其主要诊断为主。这类的行
为有经常打架或威吓他人 ； 对别人或动物残忍 ； 破
坏东西 ； 放火 ； 偷窃 ； 重覆说谎 ， 逃学 ， 翘家 ， 经
常乱发脾气 ； 挑行为 ； 及持续严重的违规行为。若
是这出现以上的单一症状 ， 但非常明显亦可诊断 ；
但偶发的违反规范行为不算。
不包含 ： 情绪障碍症 (F30-F39)
广泛性发展障碍 (F84.-)
精神分裂症 (F20.-)
． 行为障碍合并情绪障碍 (F92.-)
． 过动症 (F90.-)
F92
Mixed disorders of conduct and emotions
A group of disorders characterized by the combination of persistently aggressive,
dissocial or defiant behaviour with overt and marked symptoms of depression, anxiety or
other emotional upsets. The criteria for both conduct disorders of childhood (F91.-) and
emotional disorders of childhood (F93.-) or an adult-type neurotic diagnosis (F40-F48) or
a mood disorder (F30-F39) must be met.
混和行为与情绪障碍症
这类障碍症的特徵是出现持续性攻击、异规性及反
抗的行为且合并有明显的忧郁 ， 焦虑或其他情绪障
碍症状。严重度要同时符合儿童期行为规范障碍症
(F91) 与儿童期情绪障碍症 (F93) 的诊断 ， 或成人型的精
神官能障碍症 (F40-49) 或情感疾病 (F30-39) 的诊断。
F92.0
Depressive conduct disorder
This category requires the combination of conduct disorder (F91.-) with persistent and
marked depression of mood (F32.-), as demonstrated by symptoms such as excessive misery,
loss of interest and pleasure in usual activities, self-blame, and hopelessness;
disturbances of sleep or appetite may also be present.
Conduct disorder in F91.- associated with depressive disorder in F32.-
忧郁性行为障碍症
这个诊断要合并儿童期行为规范障碍症 (F91.-) 与持续
明显的忧郁情绪 ， 如过度的悲哀 ， 对一般的活动失
去愉快感与兴趣 ， 自责与无望感 ； 也可能有睡眠与
食欲障碍。
合并忧郁症 (F32.-) 的行为障碍症 (F91.-)
F93.0
Separation anxiety disorder of childhood
Should be diagnosed when fear of separation constitutes the focus of the anxiety and when
such anxiety first arose during the early years of childhood. It is differentiated from
normal separation anxiety when it is of a degree (severity) that is statistically unusual
(including an abnormal abnormal persistence beyond the usual age period), and when it is
associated with significant problems in social functioning.
Excludes: mood [affective] disorders (F30-F39)
neurotic disorders (F40-F48)
phobic anxiety disorder of childhood (F93.1)
social anxiety disorder of childhood (F93.2)
儿童期分离焦虑症
只有当害怕分离成为焦虑的主要因素 ， 而且很小时
就有焦虑的症状 ， 才可以诊断为分离焦虑症。与正
常分离焦虑的鉴别在其焦虑的程度很不寻常 （ 包含
已过了平常的年龄阶段 ， 分离焦虑仍持续存在 ） 而
且会并发社会功能上显着问题。
不包含 ： 情感疾病 (F30-39)
精神官能障碍症 (F40-48)
儿童期恐惧焦虑症 (F93.1)
儿童期社交焦虑症 (F93.2)
Mood altering drug 改变情绪药物
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