memory [ 'meməri] n.记忆；回忆；存储
from memory 凭记忆
in memory of 纪念…
in memory of 纪念
in memory of
纪念
read only memory的缩写)
memory ['meməri] n回忆,记忆,内存
memory ['meməri] 内存
海量存储 mass memory
往事如风 "The past has vanished (from memory) like wind.; What in past, is past."
只读存储器 read-only-memory (ROM)
CD-ROM Compact Disc-Read Only Memory 只读式紧凑光盘
CRT Control Read Only Memory 控制只读存储器
MTU Memory Read 存储器读出
RAM Random Access Memory 随机存取存储器
ROM Read-only Memory 只读存储器
Memory Foam Pillow 慢回弹枕
slip one's memory 一时忘记
幸福是良好的健康加上糟糕的记性。
Happiness is good health and a bad memory.
往事如风 "The past has vanished (from memory) like wind.; What in past, is past."
in memory of 纪念
RAM：Random Access Memory，随机存储器，即人们常说的“内存”。
ROM：Read－Only Memory，只读存储器。
SDRAM：Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory，同步动态随机存储器，又称同步DRAM，为新一代动态存储器。它可以与CPU总线使用同一个时钟，因此，SDRAM存储器较EDO存储器能使计算机的性能大大提高。
Cache：英文含义为“(勘探人员等贮藏粮食、器材等的)地窖；藏物处”。电脑中为高速缓冲存储器，是位于CPU和主存储器DRAM(Dynamic Randon Access Memory)之间，规模较小，但速度很高的存储器，通常由SRAM(Static Random Access Memory静态存储器)组成。
CD－ROM：Compact Disc－Read Only Memory，压缩光盘－只读记忆(存储)，又叫“只读光盘”。
long-term memory 长期记忆
memory of consumers 消费者记忆
short-term memory 短期记忆
She had a long memory.
她记性很好。
It is a curious fact that in bad days we can very vividly recall the good time that is now no more; but that in good days we have only a very cold and imperfect memory of the bad.
一个奇怪的事实是，在失意的日子里，我们能够生动地想起不复存在的好时光；而在得意的时候，对苦难的日子只留有非常淡漠而残缺的记忆。
Every scene, even the commonest, is wonderful, if only one can detach oneself, casting off all memory of use and custom and beholding it as if for the first times.
生活中的每个情景，甚至最普通的一幕，都是奇妙的——只要一个人能够离开自我，抛弃对习惯的全部记忆，就像第一次一样观察。
I don't go along with all this talk of a generation gap. We're all contemporaries. There's only a difference in memories, that's all.
我对代沟这种说法完全不能苟同。我们都是同时代的人，只是记忆有所不同，仅此而已。
My memory of the accident is only a blur.
我对这事件的记忆一片模糊。
The widow's memory of the accident that took place on the wedding day is only a blur.
这位寡妇对婚礼那天发生的事的记忆只是一片模糊。
The sound of the music fills me with memories.
那段音乐唤起了我许多回忆。
Memories surged in his mind.
对往事的回忆不断涌上他的心头。
His smile widened as many fond memories came flooding back.
随着许多温馨的回忆潮水般地涌回，他的笑容扩大了。
He has a remarkable memory． 他有惊人的记忆力。
His words are strongly impressed on my memory.他的话深深地铭记在我的心头。
All my best memories come back clearly to me, some can even make me cry.所有美好的记忆又在我脑海清晰地浮现了，有些甚至还令我哭泣。
Fallois proposed that Proust had tried to begin a novel in 1908, abandoned it for what was to be a long demonstration of Saint-Beure’s blindness to the real nature of great writing, found the essay giving rise to personal memories and fictional developments, and allowed these to take over in a steadily developing novel.
Fallois提出Proust 1908年就开始写小说了，因为Saint-Beure对于写作的真实性质的忽视，他把小说放置了。后来开始流行个人回忆录和科幻小说，这些东西和小说一起稳步地发展。
This computer has a 256K memory.
这台计算机的内存是256K。
I have a very poor memory.
我的记性很差。
Creditors have better memories than debtors.
放债人的记性比借债人好。
Experience is the father of wisdom and memory the mother.
经验是知识之父，记忆是知识之母。
Liars have need of good memories.
谎言者要有好的记忆力。
Liars should have good memories.
说谎的人应有好的记性。
The creditor has always a better memory than the detor.
放债人的记性比借债人好。
What happened to you memory?
你的记性是怎么搞的？
Creditors have better memories than debtors.
Benjamin Franklin. American president
放债的比借债记性好。
美国总统富兰克林。B.
It is a curious fact that in bad days we can very vividly recall the good time that is now no more; but that in good days we have only a very cold and imperfect memory of the bad.
Arthur Schopenharer, German philosopher
奇怪得很，人们在倒楣的时候，总会清晰地回忆已经逝去快乐时光，但是在得意的时候，对恶运时光只保有一种淡漠而不完全的记忆。
德国哲学家叔本华.A.
Experience is the father of wisdom and memory the mother.
Charles Bernard, French philosopher
经验是智慧之父，记忆是知识之母。
法国哲学家贝尔纳.c.
Any one who conducts an argument by appealing to authourity is not using his intelligence; he is just using his memory.
Da Vinci, Italian painter
一个借着引经据典来辩论的人，不是在运用自己的才智，他是在运用自己的记忆力。
意大利画家达?芬奇
slip one's memory 一时忘记
refresh one's memory 使人记起
- have a memory like a sieve 记性太差
I think a computer notebook will be of great help for me, since I've got a memory like a sieve.
背书 [bèi shū] /recite a lesson from memory/repeat a lesson/endorsement (on a check)/
背诵 [bèi sòng] /recite/repeat from memory/
博闻强记 [bó wén qiáng jì] /have wide learning and a retentive memory/have encyclopedic knowledge/
存储 [cún chǔ] /memory/storage/
存储器 [cún chǔ qì] /memory (unit)/
怀念 [huái niàn] /to cherish the memory of/to think of/
记性 [jì xìng] /(n) memory capability/
记忆 [jì yì] /memories/remember/memory/
记忆力 [jì yì lì] /(n) memory power/
记忆体 [jì yì tǐ] /(computer) memory/
可擦写可编程只读存储器 [kě cā xiě kě biān chéng zhī dú cún chǔ qì] /EPROM/Erasable programmable read-only memory/
默 [mò] /silent/write from memory/
随机存取记忆体 [suí jī cún qǔ jì yì tǐ] /Random access memory (RAM)/
This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979-1980, when they also almost tripled.
这次近3倍的涨价令人想起了1973年和1979～1980年两次可怕的石油恐慌，当时的油价分别涨了4倍和近3倍。
Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline.
前两次的油价暴涨都导致了两位数的通货膨胀和全球性的经济衰退。
So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time?
那么这次警告人们厄运来临的头版新闻都到哪里去了呢？
That experiences influence subsequent behaviour is evidence of an obvious but nevertheless remarkable activity called remembering.
Learning could not occur without the function popularly named memory.
过去的经历会影响日后的行为，这就表明存在着一种明显但却非凡的脑力活动——记忆。
如果没有大家称之为记忆的功能，学习便不能发生。
Constant practice has such an effect on memory as to lead to skilful performance on the piano, to recitation of a poem, and even to reading and understanding these words.
反复练习对记忆有很大影响，可以使人们熟练地演奏钢琴、背诵诗歌、乃至总结和理解这些词句。
So-called intelligent behaviour demands memory, remembering being a primary requirement for reasoning.
用于解决问题或是辨别出有问题存在的所谓的智力行为需要记忆，记忆能力是推理的一个基本需求。
The ability to solve any problem or even to recognize that a problem exists depends on memory.
解决任何问题，甚至是识别问题存在的能力都取决于记忆。
Practice (or review) tends to build and maintain memory for a task or for any learned material.
实践（或称复习）就是建立并保持对某一任务或所学材料的记忆。
Yet, dramatic instances of sudden forgetting can be seen to be adaptive.
然而戏剧性地突然遗忘的例子也可被看做具有适应性。
In this sense, the ability to forget can be interpreted to have survived through a process of natural selection in animals.
从这个意义上说，遗忘能力可解释为动物在自然选择的过程中幸存下来的能力。
Indeed, when one's memory of emotionally painful experience lead to serious anxiety, forgetting may produce relief.
的确，如果记住一段痛苦的情感经历会导致严重的焦虑，那么遗忘倒可以使人得到解脱。
In thinking about the evolution of memory together with all its possible aspects, it is helpful to consider what would happen if memories failed to fade.
在考虑记忆的进化及其所有可能的方面时，思考一下如果记忆不会消失会产生什么结果是很有用处的。
Forgetting clearly aids orientation in time, since old memories weaken and the new tend to stand out, providing clues for inferring duration.
显然，遗忘有助于时间的定位，因为旧的记忆淡忘，新的记忆往往就突出，从而为推算持续的时间提供线索。
Another line of thought assumes a memory storage system of limited capacity that provides adaptive flexibility specifically through forgetting.
另一种思路则假定人的记忆存储系统储量有限，这个系统专门通过遗忘提供适应的灵活性。
In this view, continual adjustments are made between learning or memory storage (input) and forgetting (output).
根据这个观点，在学习或记忆储存（输入）和遗忘（输出）之间要不断进行调整。
Such data offer gross support of contemporary models of memory that assume an input-output balance.
这些数据为假定输入——输出持衡的当代记忆模式提供了明确的证据。
{adj: addressable} capable of being addressed
"addressable memory"
{adj: amnesic, amnesiac} suffering from a partial loss of memory
{adj: anamnestic} of or relating to anamnesis; aiding the memory
{adj: associative, associatory} characterized by or causing or resulting from the process of bringing ideas or events together in memory or imagination
"associative learning"
<-> nonassociative
{adj: bygone, bypast, departed, foregone, gone} well in the past; former
"bygone days"
"dreams of foregone times"
"sweet memories of gone summers"
"relics of a departed era"
{adj: compos mentis, of sound mind} of sound mind, memory, and understanding; in law, competent to got to trial
{adj: dim, faint, shadowy, vague, wispy} lacking clarity or distinctness
"a dim figure in the distance"
"only a faint recollection"
"shadowy figures in the gloom"
"saw a vague outline of a building through the fog"
"a few wispy memories of childhood"
{adj: exceeding, exceptional, olympian, prodigious, surpassing} far beyond what is usual in magnitude or degree
"a night of exceeding darkness"
"an exceptional memory"
"olympian efforts to save the city from bankruptcy"
"the young Mozart's prodigious talents"
{adj: fantastic, phenomenal} exceedingly or unbelievably great
"the bomb did fantastic damage"
"Samson is supposed to have had fantastic strength"
"phenomenaRl feats of memory"
{adj: fewest} (superlative of `few' used with count nouns and usually preceded by `the') quantifier meaning the smallest in number
"the fewest birds in recent memory"
<-> most
{adj: haunting, persistent} continually recurring to the mind
"haunting memories"
"the cathedral organ and the distant voices have a haunting beauty"- Claudia Cassidy
{adj: immemorial} long past; beyond the limits of memory or tradition or recorded history
"time immemorial"
{adj: impressionistic} of or relating to or based on an impression rather than on facts or reasoning
"a surprisingly impressionistic review bearing marks of hasty composition"
"she had impressionistic memories of her childhood"
{adj: indistinct} not clearly defined or easy to perceive or understand
"indistinct shapes in the gloom"
"an indistinct memory"
"only indistinct notions of what to do"
<-> distinct
{adj: infallible} incapable of failure or error
"an infallible antidote"
"an infallible memory"
"the Catholic Church considers the Pope infallible"
"no doctor is infallible"
<-> fallible
{adj: jolted, shaken} disturbed psychologically as if by a physical jolt or shock
"retrieved his named from her jolted memory"
"the accident left her badly shaken"
{adj: living} pertaining to living persons
"within living memory"
{adj: mnemonic, mnemotechnic, mnemotechnical} of or relating to or involved the practice of aiding the memory
"mnemonic device"
{adj: non compos mentis, of unsound mind} not of sound mind, memory, or understanding; in law, not competent to go to trial
{adj: retained, maintained} continued in your keeping or use or memory
"in...the retained pattern of dancers and guests remembered"
{adj: retentive, recollective, long, tenacious} good at remembering
"a retentive mind"
"tenacious memory"
<-> unretentive
{adj: secondhand} derived from what is primary or original; not firsthand
"a secondhand report"
"a secondhand account of a memory of something once read"
"most of our knowledge is secondhand"
{adj: stored-program} of or concerning programs stored in the computer's own memory
{adj: tender} given to sympathy or gentleness or sentimentality
"a tender heart"
"a tender smile"
"tender loving care"
"tender memories"
"a tender mother"
<-> tough
{adj: unretentive, forgetful, short} (of memory) deficient in retentiveness or range
"a short memory"
<-> retentive
{adv: by heart, by memory} by committing to memory
"she knew the poem by heart"
{n: Alzheimer's disease, Alzheimer's, Alzheimers} a progressive form of presenile dementia that is similar to senile dementia except that it usually starts in the 40s or 50s; first symptoms are impaired memory which is followed by impaired thought and speech and finally complete helplessness
{n: Angelus} a prayer said 3 times a day by Roman Catholics in memory of the Annunciation
{n: CD-R, compact disc recordable, CD-WO, compact disc write-once} a compact disc on which you can write only once and thereafter is read-only memory
{n: CD-ROM, compact disc read-only memory} a compact disk that is used with a computer (rather than with an audio system); a large amount of digital information can be stored and accessed but it cannot be altered by the user
{n: Mass card} (Roman Catholic Church) a card sent to a bereaved family that says the sender has arranged for a Mass to be said in memory of the deceased
{n: Mnemosyne} (Greek mythology) the Titaness who was goddess of memory; mother of the Muses
{n: RAM disk} (computer science) a virtual drive that is created by setting aside part of the random-access memory to use as if it were a group of sectors
"access to a RAM disk is very fast but the data it contains is lost when the system is turned off"
{n: Taj Mahal} beautiful mausoleum at Agra built by the Mogul emperor Shah Jahan (completed in 1649) in memory of his favorite wife
{n: Turing machine} a hypothetical computer with an infinitely long memory tape
{n: Wiesel, Elie Wiesel, Eliezer Wiesel} United States writer (born in Romania) who survived Nazi concentration camps and is dedicated to keeping alive the memory of the Holocaust (born in 1928)
{n: acathexis} (psychoanalysis) a lack of cathexis; a condition in which significant objects or memories arouse no emotion in an individual
{n: access, memory access} (computer science) the operation of reading or writing stored information
{n: alcoholic dementia, alcohol amnestic disorder, Korsakoff's psychosis, Korsakoff's syndrome, Korsakov's psychosis, Korsakov's syndrome, polyneuritic psychosis} dementia observed during the last stages of severe chronic alcoholism; involves loss of memory for recent events although long term memory is intact
{n: amnesia, memory loss, blackout} partial or total loss of memory
"he has a total blackout for events of the evening"
{n: anterograde amnesia, posttraumatic amnesia} loss of memory for events immediately following a trauma; sometimes in effect for events during and for a long time following the trauma
{n: association, connection, connexion} the process of bringing ideas or events together in memory or imagination
"conditioning is a form of learning by association"
{n: association} the state of being connected together as in memory or imagination
"his association of his father with being beaten was too strong to break"
<-> disassociation
{n: auxiliary storage, external storage, secondary storage} a data storage device that is not the main memory of a computer
{n: cache, memory cache} (computer science) RAM memory that is set aside as a specialized buffer storage that is continually updated; used to optimize data transfers between system elements with different characteristics
{n: central processing unit, CPU, C.P.U., central processor, processor, mainframe} (computer science) the part of a computer (a microprocessor chip) that does most of the data processing
"the CPU and the memory form the central part of a computer to which the peripherals are attached"
{n: collage} any collection of diverse things
"a collage of memories"
{n: commemoration, memorialization, memorialisation} a ceremony to honor the memory of someone or something
{n: computer memory unit} a unit for measuring computer memory
{n: confabulation} (psychiatry) a plausible but imagined memory that fills in gaps in what is remembered
{n: declamation} recitation of a speech from memory with studied gestures and intonation as an exercise in elocution or rhetoric
{n: deficit} a deficiency or failure in neurological or mental functioning
"the people concerned have a deficit in verbal memory"
"they have serious linguistic deficits"
{n: directory} (computer science) a listing of the files stored in memory (usually on a hard disk)
{n: disassociation} the state of being unconnected in memory or imagination
"I could not think of him in disassociation from his wife"
<-> association
{n: disk access} memory access to the computer disk on which information is stored
{n: disk cache} a cache that stores copies of frequently used disk sectors in random access memory (RAM) so they can be read without accessing the slower disk
{n: display adapter, display adaptor} (computer science) an electronic device that converts information in memory to video output to a display
{n: engram, memory trace} a postulated biochemical change (presumably in neural tissue) that represents a memory
{n: episodic memory, personal memory} memory for episodes in your own life
{n: epitaph} an inscription on a tombstone or monument in memory of the person buried there
{n: erasable programmable read-only memory, EPROM} (computer science) a read-only memory chip that can be erased by ultraviolet light and programmed again with new data
{n: firmware, microcode} (computer science) coded instructions that are stored permanently in read-only memory
{n: flash memory} nonvolatile storage that can be electrically erased and programmed anew
{n: flightiness, arbitrariness, whimsicality, whimsy, whimsey, capriciousness} the trait of acting unpredictably and more from whim or caprice than from reason or judgment
"I despair at the flightiness and whimsicality of my memory"
{n: formation} creation by mental activity
"the formation of sentences"
"the formation of memories"
{n: fugue, psychogenic fugue} dissociative disorder in which a person forgets who they are and leaves home to creates a new life; during the fugue there is no memory of the former life; after recovering there is no memory for events during the dissociative state
{n: hero worship} admiration for great men (or their memory)
{n: hippocampus} a complex neural structure (shaped like a sea horse) consisting of grey matter and located on the floor of each lateral ventricle; intimately involved in motivation and emotion as part of the limbic system; has a central role in the formation of memories
{n: idiot savant} person who is mentally retarded in general but who displays remarkable aptitude in some limited field (usually involving memory)
{n: isolation} (psychiatry) a defense mechanism in which memory of an unacceptable act or impulse is separated from the emotion originally associated with it
{n: long-term memory, LTM} your general store of remembered information
{n: magnetic bubble memory} a nonvolatile storage device that holds information in the form of bubbles on a thin film of magnetic silicate; no longer used in most computers
{n: magnetic core} (computer science) a doughnut-shaped magnet formerly used to store one bit of information in the main memory of a computer; now superseded by semiconductor memories
{n: magnetic disk, magnetic disc, disk, disc} (computer science) a memory device consisting of a flat disk covered with a magnetic coating on which information is stored
{n: magnetic tape, mag tape, tape} memory device consisting of a long thin plastic strip coated with iron oxide; used to record audio or video signals or to store computer information
"he took along a dozen tapes to record the interview"
{n: memorization, memorisation, committal to memory} learning so as to be able to remember verbatim
"the actor's memorization of his lines"
{n: memory chip} a RAM microchip that can be plugged into a computer to provide additional memory
{n: memory device, storage device} a device that preserves information for retrieval
{n: memory image} a mental image of something previously experienced
{n: memory picture} a memory image that is similar to a visual perception
{n: memory, computer memory, storage, computer storage, store, memory board} an electronic memory device
"a memory and the CPU form the central part of a computer to which peripherals are attached"
{n: memory, remembering} the cognitive processes whereby past experience is remembered
"he can do it from memory"
"he enjoyed remembering his father"
{n: memory, retention, retentiveness, retentivity} the power of retaining and recalling past experience
"he had a good memory when he was younger"
{n: memory} something that is remembered
"search as he would, the memory was lost"
{n: memory} the area of cognitive psychology that studies memory processes
"he taught a graduate course on learning and memory"
{n: mnemonics} a method or system for improving the memory
{n: mnemonist} an expert in the use of mnemonics; someone able to perform unusual feats of memory
{n: motor memory, muscle memory} your memory for motor skills
{n: paramnesia} (psychiatry) a disorder of memory in which dreams or fantasies are confused with reality
{n: perseveration} the tendency for a memory or idea to persist or recur without any apparent stimulus for it
{n: random-access memory, random access memory, random memory, RAM, read/write memory} the most common computer memory which can be used by programs to perform necessary tasks while the computer is on; an integrated circuit memory chip allows information to be stored or accessed in any order and all storage locations are equally accessible
{n: read-only memory chip} a memory chip providing read-only memory
{n: read-only memory, ROM, read-only storage, fixed storage} (computer science) memory whose contents can be accessed and read but cannot be changed
{n: real storage} the main memory in a virtual memory system
{n: recitation, recital, reading} a public instance of reciting or repeating (from memory) something prepared in advance
"the program included songs and recitations of well-loved poems"
{n: recitation} written matter that is recited from memory
{n: reciter} someone who recites from memory
{n: reconstruction, reconstructive memory} recall that is hypothesized to work by storing abstract features which are then used to construct the memory during recall
{n: register} (computer science) memory device that is the part of computer memory that has a specific address and that is used to hold information of a specific kind
{n: rehearsal} (psychology) a form of practice; repetition of information (silently or aloud) in order to keep it in short-term memory
{n: relocatable program} a program that can be located in different parts of memory at different times
{n: reproduction, reproductive memory} recall that is hypothesized to work by storing the original stimulus input and reproducing it during recall
{n: retrieval} (computer science) the operation of accessing information from the computer's memory
{n: retrieval} the cognitive operation of accessing information in memory
"my retrieval of people's names is very poor"
{n: retrograde amnesia} loss of memory for events immediately preceding a trauma
{n: retrospection} memory for experiences that are past
"some psychologists tried to contrast retrospection and introspection"
{n: review, brushup} practice intended to polish performance or refresh the memory
{n: rub up} a review that refreshes your memory
"I need a rub up on my Latin"
{n: scratchpad} (computer science) a high-speed internal memory used for temporary storage of preliminary information
{n: screen memory} an imagined memory of a childhood experience; hides another memory of distressing significance
{n: semantic memory} your memory for meanings and general (impersonal) facts
{n: senior moment} a momentary lapse of memory (especially in older people)
{n: serotonin, 5-hydroxytryptamine} a neurotransmitter involved in e.g. sleep and depression and memory
{n: short-term memory, STM, immediate memory} what you can repeat immediately after perceiving it
{n: slip, slip-up, miscue, parapraxis} a minor inadvertent mistake usually observed in speech or writing or in small accidents or memory lapses etc.
{n: slot, expansion slot} (computer) a socket in a microcomputer that will accept a plug-in circuit board
"the PC had three slots for additional memory"
{n: software, software program, computer software, software system, software package, package} (computer science) written programs or procedures or rules and associated documentation pertaining to the operation of a computer system and that are stored in read/write memory
"the market for software is expected to expand"
<-> hardware
{n: storage} (computer science) the process of storing information in a computer memory or on a magnetic tape or disk
{n: stored program} a program that is stored in the memory of the computer that executes it
{n: supervisory software} specialized programs that reside permanently in the computer's main memory and control the processing of user's programs
{n: swap space, swap file} the disk space that is set aside for virtual memory
{n: test, mental test, mental testing, psychometric test} any standardized procedure for measuring sensitivity or memory or intelligence or aptitude or personality etc
"the test was standardized on a large sample of students"
{n: time immemorial, time out of mind} the distant past beyond memory
{n: transient global amnesia} memory disorder seen in middle aged and elderly persons; characterized by an episode of amnesia and bewilderment that lasts for several hours; person is otherwise alert and intellectually active
{n: virtual memory, virtual storage} (computer science) memory created by using the hard disk to simulate additional random-access memory; the addressable storage space available to the user of a computer system in which virtual addresses are mapped into real addresses
{n: word} a word is a string of bits stored in computer memory
"large computers use words up to 64 bits long"
{n: working memory} memory for intermediate results that must be held during thinking
{v: arrange, set up, put, order} arrange thoughts, ideas, temporal events, etc.
"arrange my schedule"
"set up one's life"
"I put these memories with those of bygone times"
{v: bring to, bring back, bring round, bring around} bring back to consciousness
"These pictures bring back sad memories"
<-> anesthetize
{v: clear} rid of instructions or data
"clear a memory buffer"
{v: commemorate, remember} call to remembrance ; keep alive the memory of someone or something, as in a ceremony
"We remembered the 50th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz"
"Remember the dead of the First World War"
{v: confabulate} unconsciously replace fact with fantasy in one's memory
{v: engrave} impress or affect deeply
"The event engraved itself into her memory"
{v: erase, wipe out} remove from memory or existence
"The Turks erased the Armenians in 1915"
{v: forget, bury} dismiss from the mind ; stop remembering
"i tried to bury these unpleasant memories"
<-> remember
{v: free-associate} associate freely
"Let's associate freely to bring up old memories"
{v: individuate} give individual shape or form to
"Language that individuates his memories"
{v: jog} stimulate to remember
"jog my memory"
{v: memorize, memorise, con, learn} commit to memory ; learn by heart
"Have you memorized your lines for the play yet?"
{v: obliterate, efface} remove completely from recognition or memory
"efface the memory of the time in the camps"
{v: recede} become faint or more distant
"the unhappy memories of her childhood receded as she grew older"
{v: recite} repeat aloud from memory
"she recited a poem"
"The pupil recited his lesson for the day"
{v: remember, retrieve, recall, call back, call up, recollect, think} recall knowledge from memory ; have a recollection
"I can't remember saying any such thing"
"I can't think what her last name was"
"can you remember her phone number?"
"Do you remember that he once loved you?"
"call up memories"
<-> forget
{v: remember, think back} recapture the past ; indulge in memories
"he remembered how he used to pick flowers"
{v: remember} exercise, or have the power of, memory
"After the shelling, many people lost the ability to remember"
"some remember better than others"
{v: review, brush up, refresh} refresh one's memory
"I reviewed the material before the test"
{v: run, go, pass, lead, extend} stretch out over a distance, space, time, or scope ; run or extend between two points or beyond a certain point
"Service runs all the way to Cranbury"
"His knowledge doesn't go very far"
"My memory extends back to my fourth year of life"
"The facts extend beyond a consideration of her personal assets"
{v: slip, slip one's mind} pass out of one's memory
{v: swap} move (a piece of a program) into memory, in computer science
{v: tap} draw from or dip into to get something
"tap one's memory"
"tap a source of money"
{v: unlearn} try to forget ; put out of one's memory or knowledge
Yet on tests of cognition and memory, all participants scored in the range indicating normal.
然而，所有受试者的认知能力和记忆力的测试分数均在正常范围以内。
But while human memory is fragile and subject to change, it should not be underestimated.
但即使人类的记忆很脆弱，易于变化，也不应被低估。
The paper points out that memory is complex, and the relia-bility of any person's recall must he as-sessed individually.
论文指出，记忆是十分复杂的，对任何人回忆的可靠性都必须独立地进行判断。
Both common sense and research say memory declines over time.
无论是常识还是研究都表明记忆会随时间的流逝而模糊。
The longer the delay, the more likely it is that information obtained after the event will interfere with the original memory, which reduces accuracy.
拖延的时间越长，事件之后得到的信息越有可能与原始的记忆相冲突，从而降低其准确性。
" People are particularly susceptible to having their memories modified when the passage of time allows the original memory to fade, and will be most susceptible if they repeat the misinformation as fact. "
"随着时间的推移，原始记忆逐渐衰退，这时的记忆很容易被改变，当错误信息被当成事实一遍遍重复时，这种改变最容易发生。 "
Witnesses may sec or read information after the event, then integrate it to produce something other than what was experienced, significantly reducing the reliability of their memory of an event or offender.
目击者事后会看到、读到一些信息，然后将它融合进来，产生出某种与所经历过的事情不同的东西，使他们对事件和罪犯记忆的可靠性大大降低。
" Further, witnesses may strongly believe in their memories, even though aspects of those memories are verifiably false. "
"进一步讲，目击者极为相信自己的记忆，即使这些记忆有许多方面经过验证是错误的。 "
If witnesses are asked whether the offender had a beard, they may incorporate an imaginary beard into their memories.
如果询问目击者罪犯是不是有胡子，他就可能将一撇假想的胡子掺进记忆中。
A 1990 study gives strong support for the hypothesis that even a mild level of intoxication can significantly impair memory, but the paper notes that there have been only limited studies.
即便是轻微的麻醉也会对记忆造成严重的损坏， 1990年的一项研究对这一假设提供了有力的支持，但是该论文指出已进行的研究是有限的。
The paper says it is generally agreed that the memories of adults and children are fallible.
论文指出，普遍认为成年人和儿童的记忆不可靠。
Young children depend on context to pro-mote memory, and spontaneously report less.
儿童依靠环境来促进记忆，而他们能够自然表达出来的较少。
Children may change their account of an event, not because their memory has altered but because they wish to comply with the suggestion of an adult in authority, or because they interpret repeated questioning as an indication their first response is judged wrong.
儿童会改变他们对事件的叙述，这并非因为他们的记忆已经改变，而是他们希望服从有权威的成年人的暗示，或者他们把反复提问看成是暗示－暗示他们开始的回答是错误的。
It is generally agreed some adults who experience sexual abuse may recall memories of the abuse after forgetting it.
人们普遍认为某些受到性虐待的成年人在遗忘该经历后可以重新回忆起来。
There is no research to indicate recalled memories are more or less accurate than memories available all along.
并没有研究表明唤起的记忆是否比一直以来的记忆更加准确。
The paper says it is impossible to distinguish a true from a false memory and it is dangerous to use confidence, vividness and detail as indicating truth.
论文认为，要区分记忆真实与否是不可能的。而且，用自信、生动以及详细作为判断真实性的标志是很危险的。
False memories can be induced under hypnosis, and experiments have indicated it is possible, although difficult, to implant false memories of entire events by suggestion.
在催眠状态下可以诱发虚假的记忆，而且实验表明，虽然十分困难，但通过暗示植入对整个事件的虚假记忆是有可能的。
The paper says further research is required into interview techniques and conditions under which false memories and reports of abuse are most likely to arise.
论文认为，需要进一步研究询问的技巧和条件－在这些技巧和条件下，不真实的记忆和有关受虐待经历的陈述最有可能产生的。
It seems that deciding whether any memory is to be finally assessed as reliable or the treacherous ally of invention will largely remain a challenge for judges and juries.
对法官和陪审团来说，断定记忆最终是可靠的事实还是不可靠的编造在很大程度上似乎仍然是个挑战。
When he died in 1926, aged 86, he was still studying them, though by then relying less on observation than memory.
他于 1926年逝世，终年 86岁，去世前他仍在研究这些明暗的变化，尽管那时的他多半靠记忆而不是观察。
Mrs. Kennedy was dreading it, and all the memories it would bring back.
肯尼迪夫人害怕参加揭幕典礼，惧怕由此而引起所有的痛苦回忆。
Your kindness made real memories of his shadowy ones.
你们的善意使他那些模糊的记忆变得真实了。
She and her mother are working to keep Dan's memory alive, having published a collection of his journals, curated an exhibition of his works and developed a feature film based on his life.
埃米和她母亲极力使丹能活在人们的心中，他们出版了丹的日记集，为丹举办了作品展，并且拍了一部介绍丹生平的专题片。
Grief-stricken, his father and I sold our home, where memories clung to every room.
我和他父亲悲痛欲绝，变卖了那每间屋子都充满着记忆的家。
Nearer home, I loved the stories collected in memory of Katie Sullivan, the 23-year-old mental home care assistant who was murdered last year.
在家乡一带，我喜欢的是为纪念去年被人谋杀、年仅 23岁的家庭心理治疗助理凯蒂·沙利文而收集的故事。
The display has a memory card interface that can store and retrieve pre-recorded data such as maps, reconnaissance information and mission plans.
这种显示器配有存储卡接口，能够储存并回读出预先录制的数据，如地图、侦察信息和任务规划等。
Dave brought me a lovely cloth-bound book where I can write my transplant memories...
戴夫给我带来一本漂亮的布面精装笔记本，我可以把对移植手术的种种印象记在上面……
On the long flight to Hawaii, memories of my childhood, when I was my father's small shadow, came flooding back.
在前往夏威夷的漫长飞行途中，我对童年的记忆如洪水般涌来。记忆中的我简直就是父亲身后小小的影子。
At this point, the sprockets of his memory claw at a blank reel.
在这时，里斯-琼斯记忆的齿轮空转了。
Psychologically, it revives memories of having to do what your parents said. It makes you feel childish.
从心理学上讲，这就使人想起受命于父母做事，让人自我感觉幼稚傻气。
The year 1936 will forever stand out in my memory.
1936年将永远清晰地铭刻在我的记忆之中。
It can download any Franklin or Microsoft Reader title, has an Outlook-compatible calendar and address book and plays audio books( or MP#s, if you care to squander the limited memory).
它采用一种背後照明发亮的大显示屏，非常便于阅读。它能下载任何富兰克林或者微软 Reader 格式的文档，有一个能与 Outlook 兼容的日历和地址簿，还能播放音频图书（或者 MP#s ，如果你乐意浪费它那有限的内存空间）。
The Wallet is a flat, plastic box the size of a small book that can store and display around 60 digital photos( more if you get a memory card) at a crude resolution of 320 x 240.
TheWallet 是一种扁平的塑料盒，大小相当于一本小书，能存储和显示大约 60张数字照片（如果你有一张存储卡，它还能存储和显示更多照片），这些照片的分辨率较低，为 320240。
Most use reusable, removable storage like the SmartMedia flash memory card or IBM's Microdrive.
大多数数码相机都使用可重复使用、可拆卸的存储方式，如智能媒体（ SmartMedia ）闪存卡或者是 IBM 公司的 Microdrive 。
Then, two years ago, this neurobiologist at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in La Jolla, California, showed in a groundbreaking experiment that neurons are constantly being born, particularly in the learning and memory centers.
然而，两年前，这位在加利福尼亚州拉霍亚市索尔克生物研究所工作的神经生物学家，在一次具有开拓意义的试验中揭示，神经元可以不断产生，尤其在大脑的学习和记忆区。
Patients with mild memory problems sniffed odor-infused patches and then tried to identify the scent.
那些记忆有轻微问题的患者去嗅一嗅浸泡有各种气味的碎片，然后试图去辨认气味。
Thanks to her in-laws ' detailed planning, Kristy Anderberg's first wedding was the stuff of memories.
克里斯蒂·安德伯格的第一次婚礼是在男方父母的精心策划下举行的。
Brain implants based on distributed intelligent nanobots will massively expand our memory and otherwise vastly improve all our sensory, pattern-recognition and cognitive abilities.
基于分布式毫微自动仪的大脑移植片将大地扩展我们的记忆，从而大大改善我们所有的感官、模式识别以及认知能力。
My knowledge, skills and memories are embedded in a vast pattern of neurotransmitter concentrations and interneuronal connections and can not be quickly accessed or transmitted.
我的知识、技能和记忆根植在由神经递质集中和神经元间的连接组成的宽广架上，不能够被迅速取得或传送。
Sick of bloated browsers that gobble up too much computer memory?
你是否对那些吞噬了大量计算空间的言过其实的浏览器深恶痛绝了？
It can run on a fifth of the memory that Netscape and IE typically use.
它只需要 Netscape 和 IE 通常使用的五分之一内存。
Its 1 MB of memory stores about a hundred pictures.
它的内存有 1兆，大约可以存贮 100张照片。
The other major hurdle to be overcome was the cell phone's negligible memory.
要克服的另一大难题是手的存储能力太校
Inktomi rebuilt its network software so that as much information as possible will be stored on the server, rather than on the phone's limited memory.
为此， Inktomi 对其网络软件进行重新设计，保更多的信息储存在服务器上，而非手有限的记忆中。
Falling visitor attendance in recent years simply confirmed that the Hayden was more compelling as a memory than as fact.
近几年参观人数逐年下降，这表明了引人入的海登天文馆已经成为历史，不能反映现实。
When I remember something, it is they that do it for me, switching on the neurochemical system that stores the memory.
当我记起某件事情时，是基因启动了存贮记忆的神经化学系统，替我完成了这个任务。
Occasional memory lapses are normal and not, as you might secretly fear, an early sign of Alzheimer's disease.
偶尔的失忆是很正常的，并不是你私底下担心的早老性痴呆症的早期症状。
Still, it's sometimes difficult even for doctors to recognize where normal forgetfulness stops and more serious memory problems begin.
不过，有时连医生也很难分辨出正常的健忘严重的失忆之间的界线。
Choose from hundreds of texts and illustrations stored in memory, or download a fresh tale from the Net
可以随意选取储存在记忆体中的千百篇文本与插图，或者从网上下载一篇新故事。
... and the five dumbest The Japanese are great at gadgets, but sometimes imaginations can get a little out of hand:
……最愚蠢的五种机器日本人最擅长生产小玩艺儿，但有时他们的想象可能会失控。
Pop in a memory stick and screen a video or clips of junior's birthday party.
插入一个记忆棒，可以录制年轻人的生日晚会。
Every NBA championship squad in recent memory has featured at least two superstars; no player can do it alone.
近年来 NBA 的任何一支冠军队伍都至少有两名超级球星，没有任何人能够以一人之力获取最高荣誉。
In the contest to select an America's Cup challenger, the underdogs may be short on funds, but memories of Team New Zealand's 1995 win fill their sails with hope.
在美洲杯帆船选拔赛中，一些失败者也许感到囊中羞涩，但是一想到新西兰队 1995年夺冠的情景，他们又会重新燃起希望。
Jeff has neither memory of nor interest in his biological father. " I 've never been curious about him.
杰夫对他的生父没有任何印象，而且一点也不感兴趣。我从来都对他不感兴趣。
Prepare yourself for the spookiest and most imaginative hypnosis scene in movie memory.
您就准备好看一场电影史上最恐怖、最有想像力的催眠术吧。
Human memories are short, and even as Hurricane Floyd finally blew itself out over eastern Canada last September, it was easy to forget that it began the week as a meteorological giant-one of the century's largest and most powerful Atlantic storms.
人类的记忆是短暂的，正当去年 9月飓风弗洛伊德最终在加拿大东部平息了，人们很容易就忘记了那个星期开始时这个飓风引起的气象巨变：这是整个世纪最猛烈的大西洋大风暴。
Memory-loss experts around the country are testing treatments in the hope of finding one that will arrest those changes.
全国各地的失忆专家正在试验各种医治方法，希望能找到中止上述病变的良策。
Scientists speculate that megadoses of antioxidants such as vitamins E and C may reduce the cell damage associated with severe memory loss.
科学家们猜测，大剂量服用诸如维生素 E 和维生素 C 之类的抗氧化剂可以减缓导致严重失忆的细胞损坏。
But tests of possible drugs to enhance memory have been inconclusive.
但是提高记忆力的药物试验却毫无结果。
" The most solid piece of advice is to stay active, " says Patricia Tun, associate director of the memory and cognition lab at Brandeis University.
最实在的建议便是保持活跃，布兰代斯大学记忆与认知实验室的副主任帕特里夏·滕说。
In the long run, a common-sense diet and healthy lifestyle may the best memory boosters of all.
从长远来看，根据常识安排的日常饮食和健康的生活方式也许是提高记忆力最好的办法。
In their first year on the market, Bayer Consumer Care's new vitamin pills, spiked with ginkgo - and sold under the label Memory and Concentration Formula-took in a cool $8 million.
拜耳消费者保健公司新配制的搀有银杏成分的维生素药片──出售时打上了安神补脑药的字样在上市第一年里，难以置信地赚了 800万美元。
They say it somehow improves memory by increasing the flow of blood tot he brain.
他们宣称银杏可以增加脑部的血流量，提高记忆力。
Leading memory experts, however, are skeptical about ginkgo and other brain boosters.
然而，有影响的记忆专家们对银杏和其它的健脑制剂表示怀疑。
All the hoopla, they say, is a case of the placebo effect run amuck: people want their memories to get better, so they do.
他们说，所有这些大吹大擂宣传的只不过是服用安慰剂过度的临床表现：人们希望自己的记忆力好转，结果真的好转了。
The National Institutes of Health is undertaking a study of the effects of ginkgo on elderly people with mild memory impairment.
美国全国卫生协会正着手研究患有轻微记忆障碍的老年人服用银杏制剂后的反应。
The one thing generally agreed on is that too little is known about most memory supplements to assess their risks.
人们普遍都承认对大多数补脑药物的了解太少，无法估量潜在的危险。
Scientists are only now beginning to examine what happens to memory in normal people facing the aging process.
科学家们刚刚开始研究步入老年的正常人记忆力所发生的变化。
Much of how memory works remains murky.
人脑记忆的大部分过程仍不清楚。
We know, though, that memory involves chemicals called neurotransmitters-one of which is acetylcholine-and the signals they carry through the brain.
不过我们知道记忆牵涉到名叫神经传递素的化学物──乙胆硷便是其中一种──和它们在大脑内传递的信号。
But with age, the synapses somehow falter - about 25% of them between ages 25 and 55-and so does the ability to effectively retrieve memories.
但是随着年龄的增长，不知是何原因，神经元突触开始减慢──在二十五岁到五十五岁之间，大约 25%的神经元突触发生变化──与此同时，有效检索记忆的能力也开始衰退。
Animal tests suggest that the drugs might also make a difference in less serious memory disorders.
在动物身上的试验证明，这两种药物还对不甚严重的记忆紊乱有一定疗效。
The images are stored on " memory sticks "- small cards that slide into a slot in the frame.
图像被存储在存储条里，这是一个插在像框插槽中的小卡片。
There are two ways to get your pictures on a memory stick.
把照片存入存储条有两种办法。
Compaq's Aero 2100( US$450, shown above left) has 16 MB of memory and a slot for a modem.
康柏的 Aero2100型（售价 450美元，见左上图）的内存为 16MB ，内有调制解调器插槽。
Casio's E-105( US$600, shown above right) has 32 MB of memory.
卡西欧的 E-105型（售价 600美元，见右上图）的内存是 32MB 。
The " deluxe " unit is $249; it has four times the memory of the basic and comes in five high-tech colors.
豪华型售价 249美元，它的内存比基本型大 4倍，有 5种高科技颜色可以选择。
It displays the wearer's latitude and longitude( but no maps) and is designed for use by hikers and other outdoor enthusiasts and stores up to 200 locations in its memory.
它可以指示戴表者的经纬度（但没有地图），设计供徒步旅行者和其他户外活动爱好者使用，可在里面的存储器上存储多达 200个地点。
Visual recognition involves storing and retrieving memories.
视觉辨认（visual recognition）涉及到记忆的存储（storing）以及重新提取（retrieving）。
Neural activity, triggered by the eye, forms an image in the brain's memory system that constitutes an internal representation of the viewed object.
由眼睛触发的神经活动在大脑的记忆系统形成一形象，该形象对于被目睹之物构成一种内心再现图像。
Fallois proposed that Proust had tried to begin a novel in 1908, abandoned it for what was to be a long demonstration of Saint-Beuve's blindness to the real nature of great writing, found the essay giving rise to personal memories and fictional developments, and allowed these to take over in a steadily developing novel.
法卢瓦提出，普鲁斯特曾试图于1908年开始写一部小说，后又因为某一原因——即圣伯夫长期以来所展现出的对伟大文学作品真正本质的盲目无知——而放弃了它，发现该率文引发了某些个回忆和小说虚构情节的发展，最终让这些内容以一部稳定发展的小说这一形式取而代之。
Draft passages in Proust's 1909 notebooks indicate that the transition from essay to novel began in Contre Saint-Beuve, when Proust introduced several examples to show the powerful influence that involuntary memory exerts over the creative imagination.
普鲁斯特1909年笔记本中的草稿段落表明，由论文向小说的转折始于《驳圣伯夫》一文，当时，普鲁斯特援引了一些实例用以例证不由自主的记忆对创作想象力所产生的强有力的影响。
In effect, in trying to demonstrate that the imagination is more profound and less submissive to the intellect than Saint-Beuve assumed, Proust elicited vital memories of his own and, finding subtle connections between them, began to amass the material for Remembrance.
事实上，为了试图证明想象力要比圣伯夫所假设的来得更为深刻，且并非那么易于屈服于理性，普鲁斯特引发了他自己的至关重要的记忆，发现它们之间不无微妙的联系，便开始为《似水年华》收集材料。
3. Minimum computer configuration requirement
- Microsoft Windows 98/2000/ me/XP
- Pentium 200MHz CPU or above
- USB interface
- CD-ROM driver
- 40MB space in hard disk
- 32MB memory
3、电脑配置要求
- 微软视窗98/2000/ME/XP
- 奔腾200MHz 中央处理器或以上
- USB 接口
- CD-ROM 驱动器
- 40MB 硬盘空间
- 32MB 内存
Why file less than available space in the player can’t be downloaded into the MP3 player sometimes?
为什么有时大小小于播放机可用空间的文件不能下传到MP3 播放机中？
The memory chip in the MP3 player is divided into zones of 16KB or 32KB, a file in 1 Byte could still occupy a memory zone.
Therefore, it is possible to have file less than available space in the player but can’t be downloaded into the MP3 player.
MP3 播放机中的记忆芯片以每16KB 或32KB 作为一个记忆区域，一个1Byte 的文件都会占一个记忆区域。
所以可能看到存储量低于剩余容量的文件但不能下载到MP3 播放机中。
Noticeably absent from the celebrations will be the leaders of the Baltic Republics of Lithuania and Estonia. They say Russia's May 9 celebrations fail to take into account the painful memories for their people, who regard the Allies' victory as the beginning of 50 years of Soviet occupation of the Baltics.
引人注目的是波罗的海地区的立陶宛共和国和爱沙尼亚共和国领导人将不参加这次活动。他们说俄罗斯5月9号的庆祝活动没有考虑到他们人民的痛苦经历。他们认为盟军的胜利是前苏联占领波罗的海国家50年历史的开始。
记忆峰 memory peak
记忆效应 memory effect
HS85209010
Flash memory type
闪速存储器型
spsc-32101601
Random access memory RAM
随机存取储存器RAM
spsc-32101602
Dynamic random access memory DRAM
动态随机存取储存器DRAM
spsc-32101603
Static random access memory SRAM
静态随机存取储存器SRAM
spsc-32101604
Programmable read only memory PROM
可编程的只读储存器PROM
spsc-32101605
Eraseable programmable read only memory EPROM
可改写可编程的只读储存器EPROM
spsc-32101606
Electronically erasable programmable read only memory EEPROM
电子可改写可编程的只读储存器EEPROM
spsc-32101607
Monolithic memory integrated circuits MMIC
单片储存器集成电路MMIC
spsc-32101608
Read only memory ROM
只读储存器ROM
spsc-32101621
Synchronous dynamic random access memory SDRAM
同步动态随机存取储存器SDRAM
spsc-32101622
Flash memory
闪存
spsc-32101623
Rambus dynamic random access memory RDRAM
动态随机存取储存器RDRAM
spsc-32101624
Synchronous graphic random access memory SGRAM
同步图形随机存取储存器SGRAM
spsc-43201402
Memory module cards
内存条
spsc-43202005
Flash memory storage devices
闪存装置
spsc-60105700
Memory books and supplies
回忆类书籍和用品
spsc-60105701
Memory books
回忆类书籍
spsc-60105702
Memory book posts or extenders
回忆类书籍张贴和补充
spsc-60105703
Memory book paper
回忆书籍论文
spsc-60105704
Acid free memory book glue sticks
回忆书籍用无酸胶棒
spsc-60105705
Acid free memory book tape
回忆书籍用无酸带子
spsc-60141114
Memory games
记忆游戏
Organic, including symptomatic, mental
disorders (F00-F09)
This block comprises a range of mental disorders grouped together on the basis of their
having in common a demonstrable etiology in cerebral disease, brain injury, or other
insult leading to cerebral dysfunction. The dysfunction may be primary, as in diseases,
injuries, and insults that affect the brain directly and selectively; or secondary, as in
systemic diseases and disorders that attack the brain only as one of the multiple organs
or systems of the body that are involved.
Dementia (F00-F03) is a syndrome due to disease of the brain, usually of a chronic or
progressive nature, in which there is disturbance of multiple higher cortical functions,
including memory, thinking, orientation, comprehension, calculation, learning capacity,
language, and judgement. Consciousness isnot clouded. The impairments of cognitive
function are commonly accompanied, and occasionally preceded, by deterioration in
emotional control, social behaviour, or motivation. This syndrome occurs in Alzheimer's
disease, in cerebrovascular disease, and in other conditions primarily or secondarily
affecting the brain.
Use additional code, if desired, to identify the underlying disease.
器质性 （ 包含症状性 ） 精神疾病 (F00-F09)
本节所包含的这组精神疾患 ， 相同的是它们都能经
检查而发现有大脑疾病、脑伤、或其他伤害 ， 而导
致大脑功能失调 ， 因此置於同一组。此功能失调可
以是原发性的 ， 就如直接影响或作用於脑部的一些
疾病、伤害、与外伤 ； 也可以是续发性的 ， 如一些
系统性疾病与疾患 ， 其对脑部的侵袭仅仅是全身性
多重器官或系统影响的一部份。
痴呆 (F00-F03) 是由於脑部疾病造成的徵候群 ， 通常为慢
性或进行性之本质 ， 可造成多种高级皮质功能之障
碍 ， 包含记忆、思考、定向感、理解能力、计算、
学习能力、语言及判断能力。意识状态并没有混淆
。认知功能障碍常合并有情绪控制、社会行为或动
机等功能之退化 ， 这些功能之退化 ， 有时会比认知
功能障碍更早出现。此徵候群发生於阿兹海默症、
脑血管疾病、以及其他原发或续发性影响脑部的种
种状况。
如有需要 ， 使用附码以标示其基本疾病类别。
F00.1*
Dementia in Alzheimer's disease with late onset (G30.1+)
Dementia in Alzheimer's disease with onset after the age of 65, usually in the late 70s or
thereafter, with a slow progression, and with memory impairment as the principal feature.
Alzheimer's disease, type 1
Primary degenerative dementia of the Alzheimer's type, senile onset
Senile dementia, Alzheimer's type
阿兹海默症之痴呆 ， 晚发型 (G30.1+)
发生於阿兹海默症之痴呆 ， 其临床可观察到起始於 65
岁之後 ， 且通常於七十多岁晚期或之後 ， 病程缓慢
， 且通常以记忆缺损为主要表现。
阿兹海默症 ， 甲型
阿兹海默氏型的原发退化性痴呆 ， 老年期发病者
老年期痴呆 ， 阿兹海默氏型
F02.0*
Dementia in Pick's disease (G31.0+)
A progressive dementia, commencing in middle age, characterized by early, slowly
progressing changes of character and social deterioration, followed by impairment of
intellect, memory, and language functions, with apathy, euphoria and, occasionally,
extrapyramidal phenomena.
发生於毕克氏病之痴呆 (G31.0+)
一逐渐进行的痴呆 ， 开始於中年〔通常界於 50 及 60 岁
间〕 ， 表现特徵为性格与社会退化之缓慢进行性地
改变 ， 跟随着智力、记忆、及语言功能之缺损 ， 合
并淡漠、欣快感、及〔偶尔〕锥体外径现象。
F04
Organic amnesic syndrome, not induced by alcohol and other psychoactive
substances
A syndrome of prominent impairment of recent and remote memory while immediate recall is
preserved, with reduced ability to learn new material and disorientation in time.
Confabulation may be a marked feature, but perception and other cognitive functions,
including the intellect, are usually intact. The prognosis depends on the course of the
underlying lesion.
Korsakov's psychosis or syndrome, nonalcoholic
Excludes: amnesia:
. NOS (R41.3)
. anterograde (R41.1)
. dissociative (F44.0)
. retrograde (R41.2)
Korsakov's syndrome:
. alcohol-induced or unspecified (F10.6)
. induced by other psychoactive substances (F11- F19 with common fourth character .6)
非因酒精及其他精神作用物质引起之器质性失忆徵
候群
为一近程与远程记忆力明显缺损之徵候群。立即性
回忆仍被保守 ， 但学习新事务之能力明显地降低 ，
导致对时间之定向感障碍。虚谈现象可以是一个明
显的表徵 ， 但知觉及其他认知功能 ， 包含智能 ， 通
常是完整的。预後则依其潜在病灶之病程而定。
柯沙科夫氏徵候群或精神病症 ， 非酒精性
不包含 ： 失忆症 ：
． 其他未明示的 (R41.3)
． 前行性 (R41.1)
． 解离性 (F44.0)
． 逆行性 (R41.2)
柯沙科夫徵候群 ：
． 酒精性或未明示的 (F10.6)
． 其他精神作用物质引起的 (F11-F19 中具第 4 码 .6 者 )
F05
Delirium, not induced by alcohol and other psychoactive substances
An etiologically nonspecific organic cerebral syndrome characterized by concurrent
disturbances of consciousness and attention, perception, thinking, memory, psychomotor
behaviour, emotion, and the sleep- wake schedule. The duration is variable and the degree
of severity ranges from mild to very severe.
Includes: acute or subacute:
. brain syndrome
. confusional state (nonalcoholic)
. infective psychosis
. organic reaction
. psycho-organic syndrome
Excludes: delirium tremens, alcohol-induced or unspecified (F10.4)
非因酒精及其他精神作用物质引起之谵妄
为在病因学上非特异性之徵候群 ， 其特徵为同时出
现意识与注意力、知觉、思考、记忆、精神运动行
为、情绪、以及睡醒循环之障碍。有着各种不同持
续期间且轻重程度不一的徵候群。
包含 ： 急性或亚急性 ：
． 脑徵候群
． 混乱状态〔非酒精性〕
． 发炎性精神病
． 器质性反应
． 精神器质性徵候群
不包含 ： 震颤性谵妄 ， 酒精引起或未明示的 (F10.4)
F06.5
Organic dissociative disorder
A disorder characterized by a partial or complete loss of the normal integration between
memories of the past, awareness of identity and immediate sensations, and control of
bodily movements (see F44.-), but arising as a consequence of an organic disorder.
Excludes: dissociative [conversion] disorders, nonorganic or un- specified (F44.-)
器质性解离症
此症之特徵是部份地或完全地失去过去记忆、失去
自我认同之警觉与当时感觉之正常统合功能或失去
肢体传动之控制 （F44.－） ， 但是因器质性疾病所引起
。
不包含 ： 解离〔转化〕症 ， 非器质性或未明示的
(F44.-)
F06.7
Mild cognitive disorder
A disorder characterized by impairment of memory, learning difficulties, and reduced
ability to concentrate on a task for more than brief periods. There is often a marked
feeling of mental fatigue when mental tasks are attempted, and new learning is found to be
subjectively difficult even when objectively successful. None of these symptoms is so
severe that a diagnosis of either dementia (F00-F03) or delirium (F05.-) can be made. This
diagnosis should be made only in association with a specified physical disorder, and
should not be made in the presence of any of the mental or behavioural disorders
classified to F10-F99. The disorder may precede accompany, or follow a wide variety of
infections and physical disorders both cerebral and systemic, but direct evidence of
cerebral involvement is not necessarily present. It can be differentiated from
postencephalitic syndrome (F07.1) and postconcussional syndrome (F07.2) by its different
etiology, more restricted range of generally milder symptoms , and usually shorter
duration.
轻度认知障碍症
主要表徵为记忆障碍 ， 学习或注意力集中困难。当
要用脑力时 ， 会有明显的脑力疲倦之感觉 （ 无力感
） ， 要学习新东西时 ， 甚至客观上学习的很成功 ，
但主观上一直觉得学习得不好 ， 而有学习之困难。
这些症状均属轻微程度 ， 所以无法作痴呆 （F00-F03） 或
谵妄 （F05.-） 之诊断。这个诊断只当有连带之身体疾
病才能诊断 ， 若有 F10-F99 种种精神疾病同存时 ， 即不
能作此诊断。此疾病发生於种种发炎或其他身体疾
病之前後或同时发生 ， 这些同存身体疾病包含脑之
疾病 ， 但这些种种身体疾病不一定有直接证据可以
显现脑部之障碍。此疾病应与脑炎後徵候群 （F07.1）
与脑震汤後徵候群 （F07.2） 做区分 ， 其鉴别之重点是
病因不同、程度较轻、症状范围较狭窄、期间较短
。
F07.2
Postconcussional syndrome
A syndrome that occurs following head trauma (usually sufficiently severe to result in
loss of consciousness) and includes a number of disparate symptoms such as headache,
dizziness, fatigue, irritability, difficulty in concentration and performing mental tasks,
impairment of memory, insomnia, and reduced tolerance to stress, emotional excitement, or
alcohol.
Postcontusional syndrome (encephalopathy)
Post-traumatic brain syndrome, nonpsychotic
脑震汤後徵候群
此徵候群发生於头部创伤 （ 通常严重到造成意识丧
失 ） 之後 ， 并包含一些不同的症状 ， 诸如头痛、头
晕 （ 通常缺乏真正眩晕的现象 ） ， 疲倦 ， 易激怒性
， 专心操作心智事务产生困难 ， 记忆缺损 ， 失眠 ，
以及对压力、情绪兴奋、或酒精之忍受力降低。
脑挫伤後徵候群 （ 脑病变 ）
创伤後脑徵候群 ， 非精神病性
.6
Amnesic syndrome
A syndrome associated with chronic prominent impairment of recent and remote memory.
Immediate recall is usually preserved and recent memory is characteristically more
disturbed than remote memory. Disturbances of time sense and ordering of events are
usually evident, as are difficulties in learning new material. Confabulation may be marked
but is not invariably present. Other cognitive functions are usually relatively well
preserved and amnesic defects are out of proportion to other disturbances.
Amnesic disorder, alcohol- or drug-induced
Korsakov's psychosis or syndrome, alcohol- or other psychoactive substance-induced or
unspecified
Excludes: nonalcoholic Korsakov's psychosis or syndrome (F04)
失忆徵候群
此徵候群为近程或远程记忆出现明显的慢性衰退 ，
但立即回忆仍能保持完整 ， 近程记忆均比远程记忆
之障碍为明显。时间感及安排事物的次序性常有显
着的障碍 ， 学习新的事物也会感到十分困难。虚谈
现象可能很明显 ， 但却不一定都会出现。其他认知
功能有时尚能保存的不错 ， 惟记忆缺失的症状比其
他障碍严重的多。
失忆徵候群 ， 酒精或其他精神作用物质所引起。
柯沙科夫 (Korsakov) 精神病症或徵候群 ， 酒精或其他精神
作用物质所起或未明示的
不包含 ： 非酒精性科沙科夫精神病症或徵候群 （F04）
F43.1
Post-traumatic stress disorder
Arises as a delayed or protracted response to a stressful event or situation (of either
brief or long duration) of an exceptionally threatening or catastrophic nature, which is
likely to cause pervasive distress in almost anyone. Predisposing factors, such as
personality traits (e.g. compulsive, asthenic) or previous history of neurotic illness,
may lower the threshold for the development of the syndrome or aggravate its course, but
they are neither necessary nor sufficient to explain its occurrence. Typical features
include episodes of repeated reliving of the trauma in intrusive memories
("flashbacks"), dreams or nightmares, occurring against the persisting
background of a sense of "numbness" and emotional blunting, detachment from
other people, unresponsiveness to surroundings, anhedonia, and avoidance of activities and
situations reminiscent of the trauma. There is usually a state of autonomic hyperarousal
with hypervigilance, an enhanced startle reaction, and insomnia. Anxiety and depression
are commonly associated with the above symptoms and signs, and suicidal ideation is not
infrequent. The onset follows the trauma with a latency period that may range from a few
weeks to months. The course is fluctuating but recovery can be expected in the majority of
cases. In a small proportion of cases the condition may follow a chronic course over many
years, with eventual transition to an enduring personality change (F62.0).
Traumatic neurosis
创伤後障碍症
源自於对某一压力事件或某种长、短期存在之压力
情境 ， 以迟缓或且拖延的反应来表现。这类事件或
情境具有异常之威胁性或是大灾难的性质 ， 它几乎
可使任何人痛苦。如果有某一些人格特质因素存在
的话 （ 如个性上较强迫性格或柔弱 ） ， 或过去有精
神官能症 ， 可能会使此种症候发生的临界点降低或
使其病程恶化 ， 但它仍不足以完全解释此症候的发
生。典型症状包含 ： 过去创伤的情节会一再侵入记
忆而重现 （flashbacks） ， 常做梦或梦魔 ， 一直感觉 ” 麻
木 ” 及情感迟钝 ， 和别人疏离 ， 对环境没有反应 ，
快乐感缺失 ， 及逃避会使其回忆创伤的种种活动和
情境。自律神经经常属於过度激发状态 ， 伴随有过
度警戒、易有惊吓反应及失眠。忧郁和焦虑常与以
上的症状、徵候在一起 ， 自杀的念头也不少见。创
伤之後到疾病产生之间的潜伏期有数周到数月之久
， 但很少超过六个月。病程起起伏伏 ， 但大部分的
个案都能预期会恢复。不过少部分个案会慢性化而
历经好多年 ， 以致形成人格的永久改变。 （见F62.0）
创伤性精神官能症。
F44
Dissociative [conversion] disorders
The common themes that are shared by dissociative or conversion disorders are a partial or
complete loss of the normal integration between memories of the past, awareness of
identity and immediate sensations, and control of bodily movements. All types of
dissociative disorders tend to remit after a few weeks or months, particularly if their
onset is associated with a traumatic life event. More chronic disorders, particularly
paralyses and anaesthesias, may develop if the onset is associated with insoluble problems
or interpersonal difficulties. These disorders have previously been classified as various
types of "conversion hysteria". They are presumed to be psychogenic in origin,
being associated closely in time with traumatic events, insoluble and intolerable
problems, or disturbed relationships. The symptoms often represent the patient's concept
of how a physical illness would be manifest. Medical examination and investigation do not
reveal the presence of any known physical or neurological disorder. In addition, there is
evidence that the loss of function is an expression of emotional conflicts or needs. The
symptoms may develop in close relationship to psychological stress, and often appear
suddenly. Only disorders of physical functions normally under voluntary control and loss
of sensations are included here. Disorders involving pain and other complex physical
sensations mediated by the autonomic nervous system are classified under somatization
disorder (F45.0). The possibility of the later appearance of serious physical or
psychiatric disorders should always be kept in mind.
Includes: conversion:
. hysteria
. reaction
hysteria
hysterical psychosis
Excludes: malingering [conscious simulation] (Z76.5)
解离 （ 转化 ） 症
关於解离或转化症 ， 最常讨论到的主题是过去记忆
、个人认同、立即感觉和身体动作控制间的正常统
合功能之部份性或完全性的丧失。所有解离状态都
倾向於数周或数月内恢复 ， 特别是那些在发生时和
创伤性生活事件有密切关连者。较慢性的状态 ， 尤
其是运动瘫痪和知觉麻痹也可能因无解的难题或人
际关系困难而发生。这些疾病过去被分类为不同种
类的 " 转化型歇斯底里症 " ， 这里所描述的解离
症 ， 认为是 ＂ 心因性 ″ 的 ， 和所受冲击的事件、无
法解决或无法忍受的难题、或破裂的人际关系 ， 在
时间上有紧密连接的关系。症状的表现代表患者观
念中所相信疾病应有之表现。医学检查未能发现任
何身体或神经学之疾病。此外 ， 有证据可以说明 ，
身体功能之丧失是情绪冲突或需求之表现。此类症
状之发生与心理压力紧密相关 ， 且常常突然发生。
此处所指身体功能之症状 ， 只包含随处控制者与感
觉功能之丧失。痛感与自律神经相关之复杂感觉 ，
则归类於身体化症 （F45.0） 。在诊断时 ， 一直要注意
， 此病情中有可能会出现严重的身体或精神疾病。
包含 ：
． 转化型歇斯底里症
． 转化反应
歇斯底里症
歇斯底里性精神病症。
不包含 ： 诈病 （ 意识操作 ） （Z76.5） 。
F44.0
Dissociative amnesia
The main feature is loss of memory, usually of important recent events, that is not due to
organic mental disorder, and is too great to be explained by ordinary forgetfulness or
fatigue. The amnesia is usually centred on traumatic events, such as accidents or
unexpected bereavements, and is usually partial and selective. Complete and generalized
amnesia is rare, and is usually part of a fugue (F44.1). If this is the case, the disorder
should be classified as such. The diagnosis should not be made in the presence of organic
brain disorders, intoxication, or excessive fatigue.
Excludes: alcohol- or other psychoactive substance-induced amnesic disorder (F10-F19 with
common fourth character .6)
amnesia:
. NOS (R41.3)
. anterograde (R41.1)
. retrograde (R41.2)
nonalcoholic organic amnesic syndrome (F04)
postictal amnesia in epilepsy (G40.-)
解离性失忆症
主要特徵是失去记忆 ， 尤其最近发生的事件。它并
非由器质性脑病引起而且其严重度也无法以一般的
记性不好或疲劳来解释。失忆内容通常针对受创伤
的事件如意外事故或不预期的死别事件 ， 并且通常
是部份或选择性的。完整的或广泛性的失忆是罕见
的 ， 它一般属游走症的一部份 ， 若果真如此 ， 则列
属 F44.1 。有器质性精神疾病时 ， 不应下此诊断。
不包含 ： 酒精或其他兴奋剂引起的失忆 （F10-F19 ， 伴有
共同第四码.6）
失忆症 ：
． 其他未明示的失忆症 （R41.3）
． 前行性失忆 （R41.1）
． 退行性失忆 （R41.2）
非酒精性器质性失忆 （F04）
癫痫发作後忆 （G40.-） 。
memory unit 存贮器
memory 存储器
memory protection 存储保护
read-only memory(ROM) 只读存储器
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