manifest [ 'mænifest] vt.表明 a.明白的
manifest [ 'mænifest] adj．明白的v．载货清单
manifest ['mænifest] vt.表明，显示，显现
The patients mainly manifested the signs of atypical pneumonia.
病人大都呈现出非典型性肺炎的病状。
No amount of manifest absurdity... could deter those who wanted to believe from believing.
无论明显的荒唐有多大……都无法阻止那些由于相信而相信的人。
manifest a.载货清单
表现 representation; exhibition; manifest; performance; rendering; represent; show; display
表现 [biǎo xiàn] /expression/manifestation/show/display/manifest/to show (off)/to display/performance (at work etc.)/
旌 [jīng] /banner/make manifest/
彰 [zhāng] /manifest/
彰显 [zhāng xiǎn] /to manifest/
昭 [zhāo] /illustrious/manifest/
{adj: apparent, evident, manifest, patent, plain, unmistakable} clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment
"the effects of the drought are apparent to anyone who sees the parched fields"
"evident hostility"
"manifest disapproval"
"patent advantages"
"made his meaning plain"
"it is plain that he is no reactionary"
"in plain view"
{adj: approving, approbative, approbatory, plausive} expressing or manifesting praise or approval
"approbative criticism"
{adj: christian} following the teachings or manifesting the qualities or spirit of Jesus Christ
<-> unchristian
{adj: disapproving} expressing or manifesting disapproval
{adj: discriminatory, preferential} manifesting partiality
"a discriminatory tax"
"preferential tariff rates"
"preferential treatment"
"a preferential shop gives priority or advantage to union members in hiring or promoting"
{adj: diseased, morbid, pathologic, pathological} caused by or altered by or manifesting disease or pathology
"diseased tonsils"
"a morbid growth"
"pathologic tissue"
"pathological bodily processes"
{adj: displeased} not pleased; experiencing or manifesting displeasure
<-> pleased
{adj: frank} clearly manifest; evident
"frank enjoyment"
{adj: hopeful} having or manifesting or inspiring hope
"a line of people hopeful of obtaining tickets"
"found a hopeful way of attacking the problem"
<-> hopeless
{adj: pemphigous} of or relating to or manifesting pemphigus
{adj: pleased} experiencing or manifesting pleasure
<-> displeased
{adj: principled} based on or manifesting objectively defined standards of rightness or morality
"principled pragmatism and unprincipled expediency"
"a principled person"
<-> unprincipled
{adj: respectful, reverential, venerating} feeling or manifesting veneration
{adj: suppressed} manifesting or subjected to suppression
"a suppressed press"
{adj: tragicomic, tragicomical} manifesting both tragic and comic aspects
"the tragicomic disparity...between's man's aspirations and his accomplishments"- B.R.Redman
{adj: vital} manifesting or characteristic of life
"a vital, living organism"
"vital signs"
{n: Caligula, Gaius, Gaius Caesar} Roman Emperor who succeeded Tiberius and whose uncontrolled passions resulted in manifest insanity; noted for his cruelty and tyranny; was assassinated (12-41)
{n: X-linked dominant inheritance} hereditary pattern in which a dominant gene on the X chromosome causes a characteristic to be manifested in the offspring
{n: brightness, cleverness, smartness} intelligence as manifested in being quick and witty
{n: busyness, hum} the state of being or appearing to be actively engaged in an activity
"they manifested all the busyness of a pack of beavers"
"there is a constant hum of military preparation"
{n: charitableness} generosity as manifested by practicing charity (as for the poor or unfortunate)
{n: conciliation} the state of manifesting goodwill and cooperation after being reconciled
"there was a brief period of conciliation but the fighting soon resumed"
{n: daredevilry, daredeviltry} boldness as manifested in rash and daredevil behavior
{n: defensiveness} excessive sensitivity to criticism
"his defensiveness was manifested in hurt silence"
"the fear of being sued for malpractice has magnified physicians' defensiveness"
{n: form} a particular mode in which something is manifested
"his resentment took the form of extreme hostility"
{n: grace, grace of God, free grace} (Christian theology) the free and unmerited favor or beneficence of God
"God's grace is manifested in the salvation of sinners"
"there but for the grace of God go I"
{n: latent hostility, tension} feelings of hostility that are not manifest
"he could sense her latent hostility to him"
"the diplomats' first concern was to reduce international tensions"
{n: latent period} the time that elapses before the presence of a disease is manifested by symptoms
{n: manifest destiny} a policy of imperialism rationalized as inevitable (as if granted by God)
{n: manifestation} a manifest indication of the existence or presence or nature of some person or thing
"a manifestation of disease"
{n: manifest} a customs document listing the contents put on a ship or plane
{n: miracle} a marvellous event manifesting a supernatural act of God
{n: nonreligious person} a person who does not manifest devotion to a deity
<-> religious person
{n: nonverbal intelligence} intelligence that is manifested in the performance of tasks requiring little or no use of language
{n: oscitancy, oscitance} drowsiness and dullness manifested by yawning
{n: religious person} a person who manifests devotion to a deity
{n: shrewdness, astuteness, perspicacity, perspicaciousness} intelligence manifested by being astute (as in business dealings)
{n: tuberculosis, TB, T.B.} infection transmitted by inhalation or ingestion of tubercle bacilli and manifested in fever and small lesions (usually in the lungs but in various other parts of the body in acute stages)
{v: attest, certify, manifest, demonstrate, evidence} provide evidence for ; stand as proof of ; show by one's behavior, attitude, or external attributes
"His high fever attested to his illness"
"The buildings in Rome manifest a high level of architectural sophistication"
"This decision demonstrates his sense of fairness"
{v: breathe} manifest or evince
"She breathes the Christian spirit"
{v: develop} be gradually disclosed or unfolded ; become manifest
"The plot developed slowly"
{v: express} manifest the effects of (a gene or genetic trait)
"Many of the laboratory animals express the trait"
{v: give} manifest or show
"This student gives promise of real creativity"
"The office gave evidence of tampering"
{v: manifest} record in a ship's manifest
"each passenger must be manifested"
{v: manifest} reveal its presence or make an appearance
"the ghost manifests each year on the same day"
{v: recalcitrate} show strong objection or repugnance ; manifest vigorous opposition or resistance ; be obstinately disobedient
"The Democratic senators recalcitrated against every proposal from the Republican side"
{v: reflect} manifest or bring back
"This action reflects his true beliefs"
{v: spike} manifest a sharp increase
"the voltage spiked"
And the conditions for the regeneration of Africa include the growing mass movement of Africans during the past two decades, manifested in struggles against dictatorships and undemocratic rule.
有利于非洲复兴的条件还包括过去 20年来日益增长的反对独裁统治和不民主统治的群众运动。
" But what allows that susceptibility to manifest itself is a combination of behavioral and environmental factors. "
但是导致肥胖的真正原因却是个人行为与环境影响这两种因素。
The particles that materialize in the space make the charge manifest.
在此空间中实现的粒子使电荷明显显示出来。
A50.0
Early congenital syphilis, symptomatic
Any congenital syphilitic condition specified as early or manifest less than two years
after birth.
Early congenital syphilis:
．cutaneous
．mucocutaneous
．visceral
Early congenital syphilitic:
．laryngitis
．oculopathy
．osteochondropathy
．pharyngitis
．pneumonia
．rhinitis
症状性早期先天性梅毒
明示为早期或出生两年内之任何先天性梅毒状况
早期先天性梅毒 ：
． 皮肤的
． 皮肤黏膜的
． 内脏的
早期先天性梅毒 ：
． 喉炎
． 眼病
． 骨软骨病
． 咽炎
． 肺炎
． 鼻炎
A50.5
Other late congenital syphilis, symptomatic
Any congenital syphilitic condition specified as late or manifest two years or more after
birth.
Clutton's joints+ (M03.1*)
Hutchinson's:
．teeth
．triad
Late congenital:
．cardiovascular syphilis+ (I98.0*)
．syphilitic:
．arthropathy+ (M03.1*)
．osteochondropathy+ (M90.2*)
Syphilitic saddle nose
其他症状性晚期先天性梅毒
明示为晚期或出生後两年或以上之任何先天性梅毒
状况
克勒顿氏关节 + ( M03.1* )
赫金森氏 :
． 牙齿
． 叁徵
晚期先天性 :
． 心脏血管性梅毒 + ( I98.0* )
． 梅毒的 ：
． 关节病变 + ( M03.1* )
． 骨软骨病变 + ( M90.2* )
梅毒性鞍鼻
E72
Other disorders of amino-acid metabolism
Excludes: abnormal findings without manifest disease (R70-R89)
disorders of:
. aromatic amino-acid metabolism (E70.-)
. branched-chain amino-acid metabolism (E71.0-E71.2)
. fatty-acid metabolism (E71.3)
. purine and pyrimidine metabolism (E79.-)
gout (M10.-)
其他氨基酸代谢疾患
不包含 ： 未伴有疾病表现的异常发现 (R70-R89)
疾患 ：
． 芳香族氨基酸代谢 (E70.-)
． 支链氨基酸代谢 (E71.0-E71.2)
． 脂肪酸代谢 (E71.3)
． 嘌呤及嘧啶代谢 (E79.-)
痛风 (M10.-)
F44
Dissociative [conversion] disorders
The common themes that are shared by dissociative or conversion disorders are a partial or
complete loss of the normal integration between memories of the past, awareness of
identity and immediate sensations, and control of bodily movements. All types of
dissociative disorders tend to remit after a few weeks or months, particularly if their
onset is associated with a traumatic life event. More chronic disorders, particularly
paralyses and anaesthesias, may develop if the onset is associated with insoluble problems
or interpersonal difficulties. These disorders have previously been classified as various
types of "conversion hysteria". They are presumed to be psychogenic in origin,
being associated closely in time with traumatic events, insoluble and intolerable
problems, or disturbed relationships. The symptoms often represent the patient's concept
of how a physical illness would be manifest. Medical examination and investigation do not
reveal the presence of any known physical or neurological disorder. In addition, there is
evidence that the loss of function is an expression of emotional conflicts or needs. The
symptoms may develop in close relationship to psychological stress, and often appear
suddenly. Only disorders of physical functions normally under voluntary control and loss
of sensations are included here. Disorders involving pain and other complex physical
sensations mediated by the autonomic nervous system are classified under somatization
disorder (F45.0). The possibility of the later appearance of serious physical or
psychiatric disorders should always be kept in mind.
Includes: conversion:
. hysteria
. reaction
hysteria
hysterical psychosis
Excludes: malingering [conscious simulation] (Z76.5)
解离 （ 转化 ） 症
关於解离或转化症 ， 最常讨论到的主题是过去记忆
、个人认同、立即感觉和身体动作控制间的正常统
合功能之部份性或完全性的丧失。所有解离状态都
倾向於数周或数月内恢复 ， 特别是那些在发生时和
创伤性生活事件有密切关连者。较慢性的状态 ， 尤
其是运动瘫痪和知觉麻痹也可能因无解的难题或人
际关系困难而发生。这些疾病过去被分类为不同种
类的 " 转化型歇斯底里症 " ， 这里所描述的解离
症 ， 认为是 ＂ 心因性 ″ 的 ， 和所受冲击的事件、无
法解决或无法忍受的难题、或破裂的人际关系 ， 在
时间上有紧密连接的关系。症状的表现代表患者观
念中所相信疾病应有之表现。医学检查未能发现任
何身体或神经学之疾病。此外 ， 有证据可以说明 ，
身体功能之丧失是情绪冲突或需求之表现。此类症
状之发生与心理压力紧密相关 ， 且常常突然发生。
此处所指身体功能之症状 ， 只包含随处控制者与感
觉功能之丧失。痛感与自律神经相关之复杂感觉 ，
则归类於身体化症 （F45.0） 。在诊断时 ， 一直要注意
， 此病情中有可能会出现严重的身体或精神疾病。
包含 ：
． 转化型歇斯底里症
． 转化反应
歇斯底里症
歇斯底里性精神病症。
不包含 ： 诈病 （ 意识操作 ） （Z76.5） 。
F45.2
Hypochondriacal disorder
The essential feature is a persistent preoccupation with the possibility of having one or
more serious and progressive physical disorders. Patients manifest persistent somatic
complaints or a persistent preoccupation with their physical appearance. Normal or
commonplace sensations and appearances are often interpreted by patients as abnormal and
distressing, and attention is usually focused upon only one or two organs or systems of
the body. Marked depression and anxiety are often present, and may justify additional
diagnoses.
Body dysmorphic disorder
Dysmorphophobia (nondelusional)
Hypochondriacal neurosis
Hypochondriasis
Nosophobia
Excludes: delusional dysmorphophobia (F22.8)
fixed delusions about bodily functions or shape (F22.-)
虑病症
重要的特徵是病患一直认为可能得了一或更多种严
重且日益恶化的身体疾病的先入为主观念 ， 特别是
藉由不断抱怨身体的不适或一直专注的身体外貌来
表示。正常或平常的感觉和外貌常被病人解释为不
正常的 ， 令他自感困扰。注意的焦点常集中在身体
的一、二个器官或系统上。病人常有显着的忧郁及
焦虑现象 ， 且可能符合这些疾病的诊断。
身体畸形症
畸形恐惧症 （ 非妄想性 ）
虑病性精神官能症
畏病症
不包含 ： 妄想性畸形恐惧症 (F22.8)
身体功能或形状之固着妄想。
Disorders of adult personality and
behaviour (F60-F69)
This block includes a variety of conditions and behaviour patterns of clinical
significance which tend to be persistent and appear to be the expression of the
individual's characteristic lifestyle and mode of relating to himself or herself and
others. Some of these conditions and patterns of behaviour emerge early in the course of
individual development, as a result of both constitutional factors and social experience,
while others are acquired later in life. Specific personality disorders (F60.-), mixed and
other personality disorders (F61.-), and enduring personality changes (F62.-) are deeply
ingrained and enduring behaviour patterns, manifesting as inflexible responses to a broad
range of personal and social situations. They represent extreme or significant deviations
from the way in which the average individual in a given culture perceives, thinks, feels
and, particularly, relates to others. Such behaviour patterns tend to be stable and to
encompass multiple domains of behaviour and psychological functioning. They are
frequently, but not always, associated with various degrees of subjective distress and
problems of social performance.
成人人格与行为违常 (F60-F69)
这一节包含了各种较具有临床意义之状态及行为模
式 ， 它们倾向於较具持久性 ， 表现出个人生活型态
之特徵以及个人与他人之应对模式。上述这些有意
义的状态及行为模式 ， 有些是在个体发展的早期就
表现出来 ， 可说是体质因素和社会经验的结果 ； 然
而其馀则是在个体生命的後期方形成的 ， 无论是特
定人格障碍症、混合型与其他人格障碍症及持续的
人格改变 ， 都是根深蒂固持续的行为模式。显示出
他们对个人的与对社会情境采取较僵化的反应。他
们与相同文化 ， 思想 ， 经验的一般大众比较之下显
示有极大差异 ， 这些行为模式倾向於固定 ， 而且表
现在多方面的行为及心理功能上。经常会造成个案
本人痛苦 ， 以及其社会功能表现的问题。
F60
Specific personality disorders
These are severe disturbances in the personality and behavioural tendencies of the
individual; not directly resulting from disease, damage, or other insult to the brain, or
from another psychiatric disorder; usually involving several areas of the personality;
nearly always associated with considerable personal distress and social disruption; and
usually manifest since childhood or adolescence and continuing throughout adulthood.
特定人格违常
是指个性组成与行为倾向有严重障碍 ， 并非直接导
因於疾病 ， 脑伤或其他精神疾病 ， 障碍通常涉及一
个人个性组成的许多层面 ， 而且总会引起本人的痛
苦及社会功能缺损。往往通常自儿童或青少年时期
就表现出来且持续至成人时期。
F64.2
Gender identity disorder of childhood
A disorder, usually first manifest during early childhood (and always well before
puberty), characterized by a persistent and intense distress about assigned sex, together
with a desire to be (or insistence that one is) of the other sex. There is a persistent
preoccupation with the dress and activities of the opposite sex and repudiation of the
individual's own sex. The diagnosis requires a profound disturbance of the normal gender
identity; mere tomboyishness in girls or girlish behaviour in boys is not sufficient.
Gender identity disorders in individuals who have reached or are entering puberty should
not be classified here but in F66.-.
Excludes: egodystonic sexual orientation (F66.1)
sexual maturation disorder (F66.0)
儿童期性别认同障碍症
发生於青春期前之儿童期性别认同障碍 ， 主要是对
自己天生的性别感到持续且强度的困扰 ， 做异性的
打扮 ， 或参加异性的活动 ； 有时会拒绝承认其解剖
学上之性别特徵。此外若只是单纯的「娘娘腔」或
「男性化」并不足以构成此诊断 ， 因此类患者对性
别角色之认同通常已达到非常严重之程度。在青春
期以後 ， 此诊断便不成立。
不包含 ： 自厌型性取向 (F66.1)
性成熟疾患 (F66.0)
Mental retardation (F70-F79)
A condition of arrested or incomplete development of the mind, which is especially
characterized by impairment of skills manifested during the developmental period, skills
which contribute to the overall level of intelligence, i.e. cognitive, language, motor,
and social abilities. Retardation can occur with or without any other mental or physical
condition.
Degrees of mental retardation are conventionally estimated by standardized intelligence
tests. These can be supplemented by scales assessing social adaptation in a given
environment. These measures provide an approximate indication of the degree of mental
retardation. The diagnosis will also depend on the overall assessment of intellectual
functioning by a skilled diagnostician.
Intellectual abilities and social adaptation may change over time, and, however poor, may
improve as a result of training and rehabilitation. Diagnosis should be based on the
current levels of functioning.
The following fourth-character subdivisions are for use with categories F70-F79 to
identify the extent of impairment of behaviour:
智能不足 (F70-F79)
智能不足乃是智力发展停滞或不完全之情形 ， 其最
大特色即发展时期操作技术方面的障碍。操作技术
则包含了智商的整体层面 ， 如认知 ， 语言 ， 运动 ，
和社交能力。智能不足可能合并发生或没有其他任
何精神疾病或身体疾病。
障能不足的程度 ， 传统上是藉由标准化的智商测验
来评估。另外 ， 可藉由特定情境下社会适应评量表
来补充说明。这些测试方法提供一个智能不足的程
度指标 ， 也可以由有经验的诊断专家作智商功能的
整体评估来诊断。
智商能力及社会适应可能随时间而有所改变 ， 虽然
不尽理想 ， 但可经由训练和复健来改善。其诊断必
须是基於目前的功能程度。
下列第四码次分类并用於范围 F70-F79 ， 以确认其行为
障碍之程度 ：
F84.0
Childhood autism
A type of pervasive developmental disorder that is defined by: (a) the presence of
abnormal or impaired development that is manifest before the age of three years, and (b)
the characteristic type of abnormal functioning in all the three areas of psychopathology:
reciprocal social interaction, communication, and restricted, stereotyped, repetitive
behaviour. In addition to these specific diagnostic features, a range of other nonspecific
problems are common, such as phobias, sleeping and eating distllrhanees, temper tantrums,
and (self-directed) aggression. Autistic disorder
Infantile:
. autism
. psychosis
Kanner's syndrome
Excludes: autistic psychopathy (F84.5)
儿童期自闭症
这一类广泛性发展障碍症其定义为 （ａ） 在叁岁以前
表现出异常及 ／ 或发展有缺陷。 （ｂ） 其特点为在社
交互动 ， 沟通 ， 及局限、重覆的行为叁方面之功能
异常。除了上述的特别诊断特徵外 ， 自闭症儿童常
表现出一些其他非特定的问题 ， 如 ： 畏惧、睡眠及
饮食障碍、乱发脾气及自伤行为等。
自闭症
． 婴儿期自闭症
． 婴儿期精神病
堪能徵候群
不包含 ： 向闭性精神病态 (F84.5)
Z03.2
Observation for suspected mental and behavioural disorders Observation
for:
.dissocial behaviour without manifest psychiatric disorder
.fire-setting without manifest psychiatric disorder
.gang activity without manifest psychiatric disorder
.shoplifting without manifest psychiatric disorder
对疑似精神及行为的观察
社会功能不良的行为 -- 没有表现出精神异常
纵火 -- 没有表现出精神异常
帮派行为 -- 没有表现出精神异常
扒窃商品 -- 没有表现出精神异常
载货清单 cargo manifest
载货运费清单 freight manifest
舱单 Manifest
运费舱单 Freight manifest
载货清单(货物舱单) Cargo Manifest
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