maintain [ mein'tein] vt.维持；赡养；维修
maintain [men'tein] v.维持,保持,主张
maintain [mein'tein] 维护
保持国民经济发展的良好势头 maintain a good momentum of growth in the national economy
保持国民经济发展的良好势头 maintain a good momentum of growth in the national economy
加强舆论监督 ensure that the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion
稳定压倒一切 Maintaining stability is of top priority
政治合格，军事过硬，作风优良， 纪律严明，保障有力 "be qualified politically and competent militarily, have a fine style of work, maintain strict discipline and be assured of adequate logistical support"
资产保值增值 maintain and increase the value of assets; maintenance and appreciation of assets value
抓住机遇,深化改革,扩大开放,促进发展,保持稳定
seize the current opportunity, deepen the reform, open China wider to the outside world, promote development and maintain stability
maintain 保持；维修
maintain 保持；维修
加强舆论监督 ensure the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion
加强舆论监督 ensure the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion
maintaining market share 保持市场份额
Many parents believe that additional educational activities enjoy obvious advantage. By extra studies, they maintain, their children are able to obtain many kinds of practical skills and useful knowledge, which will put them in a beneficial position in the future job markets when they grow up.
许多家长相信额外的教育活动有许多优点，通过学习，他们的孩子可以获得很多实践技能和有用的知识，当他们长大后，这些对他们就业是大有好处的。
Many leaders of government always go into raptures at the mere mention of artistic and cultural projects. They are forever talking about the nice parks, the smart sculptures in central city and the art galleries with various valuable rarities. Nothing, they maintain, is more essential than such projects in the economic growth.
只要一提起艺术和文化项目，一些政府领导就会兴奋不已，他们滔滔不绝地说着美丽的公园，城市中心漂亮的雕塑，还有满是稀世珍宝的艺术展览馆。他们认为在经济发展中，没有什么比这些艺术项目更重要了。
Although many experts from universities and institutes consistently maintain that it is an inevitable part of an independent life, parents in growing numbers are starting to realize that people, including teachers and experts in education, should pay considerable attention to this problem.
尽管来自高校和研究院的许多专家坚持认为这是独立生活不可避免的一部分，然而越来越多的家长开始意识到包括教师和教育专家在内的人们应该认真对待这一问题。
Many young people always go into raptures at the merely mention of buying fashion clothes. And they seem to be attracted by colorful material, various styles of fashion clothes. There is nothing, they maintain, that can't be compared with fashion clothes. In fact, fashion clothes had become indispensable part of youngster's life.
许多年轻人一提到时尚服装就兴高采烈。他们似乎被时尚服装那多彩的面料，各种不同的款式所吸引。 111. Many people seem to overlook the basic fact: the major function of clothing is to keep us warm and comfortable.
许多人似乎忽视了这个基本事实：衣服的基本功能是保持我们舒适和温暖。
wider to the rest of the world, promoting development, maintaining stability 扩大开放，促进发展，保持稳定
Maintain 保持
maintain a balance between receipts and payments 保持收支平衡
maintain monetary stability 保持货币稳定
He who tells a lie is not sensible how great a task he undertakes; for he must invent twenty more to maintain that one.
说谎者没有意识到自己要承担多么艰巨的任务，因为他必须再说二十个谎言来维持这个谎言。
Maintain outside interests — volunteer in not-for-profits and stay physically fit.
保持业余爱好——自愿做无利可图的事情而保持身体健康。
Up to now we have maintained our margins while other companies have cut prices.
到目前为止，我们保持住了我们的利润，而其他公司则在降低价格。
The effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities.
而有效遵守纪律的学生们往往是那些经常给校方提建议的学生。
In a family where the roles of men and women are not sharply separated and where many household tasks are shared to a greater or lesser extent, Notions of male superiority are hard to maintain.
如果一个家庭里面男女的角色不是明显地分开，家务事由双方分担的话，大男子主义就很难维持了。
How many military bases are they maintaining on foreign soil?
他们在外国保持多少个军事基地？
The maintaining of one vice costs more than ten virtues.
保持一件坏事的代价超过十件好事。
It is our permanent principle that contracts are honored and commercial integrity is maintained.
重合同、守信用是我们的一贯原则。
The transferee must see to it that the quality of the product is maintained.
接受转让一方要负责保持产品的质量。
安定 unchangeable; maintain; quiet; settled; stability; stabilization; stabilize; stable; invariability
保全 maintain; preserve; conserve
保养 maintain
安保 [ān bǎo] /(abbreviation) maintain security/
安定 [ān dìng] /stable/quiet/settled/stabilize/maintain/stabilized/calm and orderly/
摆摊子 [bǎi tān zǐ] /set up a stall/maintain a large staff and organization/
保 [bǎo] /to defend/to protect/to insure or guarantee/to maintain/hold or keep/to guard/
保持 [bǎo chí] /to keep/to maintain/to hold/to preserve/
保留 [bǎo liú] /continue to have/retain/hold back/reserve/reservations/hold back (approval or acceptance)/to preserve/maintain/
保密 [bǎo mì] /maintain secrecy/keep secret/
保全 [bǎo quán] /save from damage/preserve/maintain/keep in good repair/
秉 [bǐng] /(surname)/to grasp/hold/maintain/
不动声色 [bù dòng shēng sè] /maintain one's composure/stay calm and collected/not turn a hair/not bat an eyelid/
持 [chí] /to grasp/to hold/support/manage/direct/maintain/
独立自主 [dú lì zì zhǔ] /(idiom) self-determination; independence of action; maintain control/
认定 [rèn dìng] /maintain (that something is true)/be of the firm opinion that/to firmly believe/
赡养 [shàn yǎng] /support/provide support for/maintain/
维 [wéi] /to preserve/to maintain/to hold together/dimension/
维持 [wéi chí] /to keep/to maintain/to preserve/
维护 [wéi hù] /defense/safeguard/protect/uphold/maintain/
维系 [wéi xì] /hold together/maintain/keep up/
维系 [wéi xì] /to maintain/to keep/
维修 [wéi xiū] /(v) protect and maintain; preserve/
George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death.
波士顿大学健康法律系主任乔治·安纳斯坚持认为，只要医生是出于合理的医疗目的开药，那么即使服用此药会加速病人的死亡，医生的行为也没有违法。
"It's like surgery," he says. "We don't call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn't intend to kill their patients, although they risked their death. If you're a physician, you can risk your patient's suicide as long as you don't intend their suicide."
“这就像做手术，”他说，“我们不能称那些死亡为杀人是因为医生并没有想杀死病人，尽管他们敢冒病人死亡的危险。假定你是一名医生，只要你并没有想让病人自杀，你就可以去冒你的病人自杀的风险。”
Practice (or review) tends to build and maintain memory for a task or for any learned material.
实践（或称复习）就是建立并保持对某一任务或所学材料的记忆。
{adj: apart, separate, separated} not living together as man and wife
"decided to live apart"
"maintaining separate households"
"they are separated"
{adj: biogenic} essential for maintaining the fundamental life processes
"sleep and food and water are among the biogenic needs of the organism"
{adj: ceaseless, constant, incessant, never-ending, perpetual, unceasing, unremitting} uninterrupted in time and indefinitely long continuing
"the ceaseless thunder of surf"
"in constant pain"
"night and day we live with the incessant noise of the city"
"the never-ending search for happiness"
"the perpetual struggle to maintain standards in a democracy"
"man's unceasing warfare with drought and isolation"
"unremitting demands of hunger"
{adj: changeless, constant, invariant, unvarying} persistent in occurrence and unvarying in nature
"maintained a constant temperature"
"principles of unvarying validity"
{adj: corporate, incorporated} organized and maintained as a legal corporation
"a special agency set up in corporate form"
"an incorporated town"
{adj: face-saving} maintaining dignity or prestige
"a face-saving compromise"
{adj: kept up, maintained, well-kept} kept in good condition
{adj: lax, slack} lacking in rigor or strictness
"such lax and slipshod ways are no longer acceptable"
"lax in attending classes"
"slack in maintaining discipline"
{adj: maintainable} capable of being maintained
{adj: national} owned or maintained for the public by the national government
"national parks"
{adj: nonrigid} designating an airship having a shape maintained only by internal gas pressure and without a supporting structure
<-> rigid
{adj: polished, refined, svelte, urbane} showing a high degree of refinement and the assurance that comes from wide social experience
"his polished manner"
"maintained an urbane tone in his letters"
{adj: pressurized, pressurised} maintained at a certain atmospheric pressure
"in a pressurized cabin the air pressure is comfortable for breathing"
"cooking with pressurized steam"
{adj: private} confined to particular persons or groups or providing privacy
"a private place"
"private discussions"
"private lessons"
"a private club"
"a private secretary"
"private property"
"the former President is now a private citizen"
"public figures struggle to maintain a private life"
<-> public
{adj: retained, maintained} continued in your keeping or use or memory
"in...the retained pattern of dancers and guests remembered"
{adj: reverent} feeling or showing profound respect or veneration
"maintained a reverent silence"
<-> irreverent
{adj: rigid} designating an airship or dirigible having a form maintained by a stiff unyielding frame or structure
<-> nonrigid
{adj: semirigid} having a form maintained by a rigid internal structure as well as by internal gas pressure
{adj: shabby-genteel} trying to maintain dignity and self respect despite shabbiness
{adj: stable} maintaining equilibrium
{adj: supported} sustained or maintained by aid (as distinct from physical support)
"a club entirely supported by membership dues"
"well-supported allegations"
<-> unsupported
{adj: sustained} maintained at length without interruption or weakening
"sustained flight"
{adj: unincorporated} not organized and maintained as a legal corporation
{adj: unkempt} not properly maintained
"an unkempt garden"
"native vistas and unkempt rambling paths"
{adj: unsupervised} not supervised or under constant observation
"the school maintains unsupervised study halls during free periods"
"reliable workers are generally unsupervised"
<-> supervised
{adj: unsupported} not sustained or maintained by nonmaterial aid
"unsupported accusations"
<-> supported, supported
{adj: warm} having or producing a comfortable and agreeable degree of heat or imparting or maintaining heat
"a warm body"
"a warm room"
"a warm climate"
"a warm coat"
<-> cool
{adv: analytically} by virtue of analysis
"assuming that the distinction is maintained one may ask which is to be analytically prior?"
{n: Anaxagoras} a presocratic Athenian philosopher who maintained that everything is composed of very small particles that were arranged by some eternal intelligence (500-428 BC)
{n: Austria, Republic of Austria, Oesterreich} a mountainous republic in central Europe; under the Habsburgs (1278-1918) Austria maintained control of the Holy Roman Empire and was a leader in European politics until the 19th century
{n: C battery} battery used to maintain the grid potential in a vacuum tube
{n: Caliphate} the era of Islam's ascendancy from the death of Mohammed until the 13th century; some Moslems still maintain that the Moslem world must always have a calif as head of the community
"their goal was to reestablish the Caliphate"
{n: Catholic Church} any of several churches claiming to have maintained historical continuity with the original Christian Church
{n: Catholic school} a parochial school maintained by the Catholic Church
{n: Crock Pot} an electric cooker that maintains a relatively low temperature
{n: Department of Energy, Energy Department, Energy, DOE} the federal department responsible for maintaining a national energy policy of the United States; created in 1977
{n: Department of State, United States Department of State, State Department, State, DoS} the federal department in the United States that sets and maintains foreign policies
"the Department of State was created in 1789"
{n: Federal Trade Commission, FTC} an independent agency of the United States federal government that maintains fair and free competition; enforces federal antitrust laws; educates the public about identity theft
{n: Job} a Jewish hero in the Old Testament who maintained his faith in God in spite of afflictions that tested him
{n: Keynes, John Maynard Keynes} English economist who advocated the use of government monetary and fiscal policy to maintain full employment without inflation (1883-1946)
{n: Machiavellianism} the political doctrine of Machiavelli: any means (however unscrupulous) can be used by a ruler in order to create and maintain his autocratic government
{n: National Climatic Data Center, NCDC} the part of NOAA that maintains the world's largest active archive of weather data
{n: Occupational Safety and Health Administration, OSHA} a government agency in the Department of Labor to maintain a safe and healthy work environment
{n: Pius XII, Eugenio Pacelli} pope who maintained neutrality during World War II and was later criticized for not aiding the Jews who were persecuted by Hitler (1876-1958)
{n: Texas Ranger, Ranger} a member of the Texas state highway patrol; formerly a mounted lawman who maintained order on the frontier
{n: United States Navy, US Navy, USN, Navy} the navy of the United States of America; the agency that maintains and trains and equips combat-ready naval forces
{n: absolute ceiling} the maximum altitude at which an airplane can maintain horizontal flight
{n: accountancy, accounting} the occupation of maintaining and auditing records and preparing financial reports for a business
{n: accountant, comptroller, controller} someone who maintains and audits business accounts
{n: accreditation} the act of granting credit or recognition (especially with respect to educational institution that maintains suitable standards)
"a commission is responsible for the accreditation of medical schools"
{n: air bladder, swim bladder} an air-filled sac near the spinal column in many fishes that helps maintain buoyancy
{n: airdock, hangar, repair shed} a large structure at an airport where aircraft can be stored and maintained
{n: appanage, apanage} a grant (by a sovereign or a legislative body) of resources to maintain a dependent member of a ruling family
"bishoprics were received as appanages for the younger sons of great families"
{n: artificial respiration} an emergency procedure whereby breathing is maintained artificially
{n: athanor} a furnace that feeds itself so as to maintain a uniform temperature; used by alchemists
{n: automobile mechanic, auto-mechanic, car-mechanic, mechanic, grease monkey} someone whose occupation is repairing and maintaining automobiles
{n: autoregulation} (physiology) processes that maintain a generally constant physiological state in a cell or organism
{n: backsliding, lapse, lapsing, relapse, relapsing, reversion, reverting} a failure to maintain a higher state
{n: barrier} anything serving to maintain separation by obstructing vision or access
{n: basal metabolism} the amount of energy required to maintain the body of an individual in a resting state
{n: bath} a vessel containing liquid in which something is immersed (as to process it or to maintain it at a constant temperature or to lubricate it)
"she soaked the etching in an acid bath"
{n: black body, blackbody, full radiator} a hypothetical object capable of absorbing all the electromagnetic radiation falling on it
"a black body maintained at a constant temperature is a full radiator at that temperature because the radiation reaching and leaving it must be in equilibrium"
{n: cardiac massage, heart massage} an emergency procedure that employs rhythmic compression of the heart (either through the chest wall or, during surgery, directly to the heart) in an attempt to maintain circulation during cardiac arrest
{n: care, maintenance, upkeep} activity involved in maintaining something in good working order
"he wrote the manual on car care"
{n: cell wall} a rigid layer of polysaccharides enclosing the membrane of plant and prokaryotic cells; maintains the shape of the cell and serves as a protective barrier
{n: choanocyte, collar cell} any of the flagellated cells in sponges having a collar of cytoplasm around the flagellum; they maintain a flow of water through the body
{n: civil engineer} an engineer trained to design and construct and maintain public works (roads or bridges or harbors etc.)
{n: clearing house} a central collection place where banks exchange checks or drafts; participants maintain an account against which credits or debits are posted
{n: coefficient of friction} the ratio of the weight of an object being moved along a surface and the force that maintains contact between the object and the surface
{n: colony, settlement} a body of people who settle far from home but maintain ties with their homeland; inhabitants remain nationals of their home state but are not literally under the home state's system of government
{n: comfort zone} the temperature range (between 28 and 30 degrees Centigrade) at which the naked human body is able to maintain a heat balance without shivering or sweating
{n: communications technology} the activity of designing and constructing and maintaining communication systems
{n: compartment pressure} the air pressure maintained in an air-tight compartment (as in an aircraft)
{n: computer file} (computer science) a file maintained in computer-readable form
{n: correctional institution} a penal institution maintained by the government
{n: credit bureau} a private firm that maintains consumer credit data files and provides credit information to authorized users for a fee
{n: critical mass} the minimum amount (of something) required to start or maintain a venture
"the battle for the computer market has now reached critical mass"
"there is now a critical mass of successful women to take the lead"
"they sold the business because it lacked critical mass"
{n: cultivar} a variety of a plant developed from a natural species and maintained under cultivation
{n: directionality} the property of being directional or maintaining a direction
"the directionality of written English is from left to right"
{n: dorsal fin} unpaired median fin on the backs of fishes and some other aquatic vertebrates that help to maintain balance
{n: economic policy} a government policy for maintaining economic growth and tax revenues
{n: elixir of life} a hypothetical substance believed to maintain life indefinitely; once sought by alchemists
{n: endotracheal tube} a catheter that is inserted into the trachea through the mouth or nose in order to maintain an open air passage or to deliver oxygen or to permit the suctioning of mucus or to prevent aspiration of the stomach contents
{n: erectile dysfunction, male erecticle dysfunction, ED} impotence resulting from a man's inability to have or maintain an erection of his penis
{n: file clerk, filing clerk, filer} a clerk who is employed to maintain the files of an organization
{n: garrison} the troops who maintain and guard a fortified place
{n: governor, regulator} a control that maintains a steady speed in a machine (as by controlling the supply of fuel)
{n: groundsman, groundskeeper, groundkeeper} someone who maintains the grounds (of an estate or park or athletic field)
{n: guard ship} a warship (at anchor or under way) required to maintain a higher degree of readiness than others in its squadron
{n: halter, haltere, balancer} either of the rudimentary hind wings of dipterous insects; used for maintaining equilibrium during flight
{n: health profession} the body of individuals whose work helps to maintain the health of their clients
{n: heart-lung machine} a pump to maintain circulation during heart surgery; diverts blood from the heart and oxygenates it and then pumps it through the body
{n: holding pattern} the flight path (usually circular) maintained by an aircraft that is awaiting permission to land
{n: homeostasis} (physiology) metabolic equilibrium actively maintained by several complex biological mechanisms that operate via the autonomic nervous system to offset disrupting changes
{n: incubation} maintaining something at the most favorable temperature for its development
{n: incubator, brooder} apparatus consisting of a box designed to maintain a constant temperature by the use of a thermostat; used for chicks or premature infants
{n: independence} the successful ending of the American Revolution
"they maintained close relations with England even after independence"
{n: inertia} (physics) the tendency of a body to maintain is state of rest or uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force
{n: janitor} someone employed to clean and maintain a building
{n: levirate} the biblical institution whereby a man must marry the widow of his childless brother in order to maintain the brother's line
{n: library routine} a debugged routine that is maintained in a program library
{n: listening watch, continuous receiver watch} a watch established for the reception of traffic of interest to the unit maintaining the watch
{n: logical positivist} someone who maintains that any statement that cannot be verified empirically is meaningless
{n: militarism} a political orientation of a people or a government to maintain a strong military force and to be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests
{n: musculoskeletal system} the system of muscles and tendons and ligaments and bones and joints and associated tissues that move the body and maintain its form
{n: naval campaign} an operation conducted primarily by naval forces in order to gain or extend or maintain control of the sea
{n: nonproliferation, non-proliferation} the prevention of something increasing or spreading (especially the prevention of an increase in the number of countries possessing nuclear weapons)
"they protested that the nonproliferation treaty was just a plot to maintain the hegemony of those who already had nuclear weapons"
"nuclear disarmament and nonproliferation are closely related goals"
<-> proliferation
{n: nuclear reactor, reactor} (physics) any of several kinds of apparatus that maintain and control a nuclear reaction for the production of energy or artificial elements
{n: open door} freedom of access
"he maintained an open door for all employees"
{n: operating expense, operating cost, overhead, budget items} the expense of maintaining property (e.g., paying property taxes and utilities and insurance); it does not include depreciation or the cost of financing or income taxes
{n: overdrive} a high gear used at high speeds to maintain the driving speed with less output power
{n: peace advocacy} any policy that advocates maintaining peaceful international relations
{n: plant department, building department} the division of a business responsible for building and maintaining the physical plant
{n: poise} a cgs unit of dynamic viscosity equal to one dyne-second per square centimeter; the viscosity of a fluid in which a force of one dyne per square centimeter maintains a velocity of 1 centimeter per second
{n: police state} a country that maintains repressive control over the people by means of police (especially secret police)
{n: poorhouse} an establishment maintained at public expense in order to provide housing for the poor and homeless
{n: poorness} the quality of being poorly made or maintained
"she was unrecognizable because of the poorness of the photography"
{n: price control} restriction on maximum prices that is established and maintained by the government (as during periods of war or inflation)
{n: price floor} floor below which prices are not allowed to fall
"the government used price supports to maintain the price floor"
{n: price support} a government subsidy used to maintain prices at a certain level
{n: progesterone, Lipo-Lutin} a steroid hormone (trade name Lipo-Lutin) produced in the ovary; prepares and maintains the uterus for pregnancy
{n: public library} a nonprofit library maintained for public use
{n: range} a place for shooting (firing or driving) projectiles of various kinds
"the army maintains a missile range in the desert"
"any good golf club will have a range where you can practice"
{n: reclining} the act of assuming or maintaining a reclining position
{n: renal failure, kidney failure} inability of the kidneys to excrete wastes and to help maintain the electrolyte balance
{n: reserve} (medicine) potential capacity to respond in order to maintain vital functions
{n: rhumb line, rhumb, loxodrome} a line on a sphere that cuts all meridians at the same angle; the path taken by a ship or plane that maintains a constant compass direction
{n: sea anchor, drogue} restraint consisting of a canvas covered frame that floats behind a vessel; prevents drifting or maintains the heading into a wind
{n: secessionism} a doctrine that maintains the right of secession
{n: secretariat, secretariate} an administrative unit responsible for maintaining records and other secretarial duties; especially for international organizations
{n: sensationalism, luridness} the journalistic use of subject matter that appeals to vulgar tastes
"the tabloids relied on sensationalism to maintain their circulation"
{n: sergeant at arms, serjeant-at-arms} an officer (as of a legislature or court) who maintains order and executes commands
{n: serum albumin} albumin occurring in blood serum; serves to maintain the somatic pressure of the blood
{n: service staff, maintenance staff} those in a business responsible for maintaining the physical plant
{n: services} performance of duties or provision of space and equipment helpful to others
"the mayor tried to maintain city services"
"the medical services are excellent"
{n: sitting} the act of assuming or maintaining a seated position
"he read the mystery at one sitting"
{n: slop chest} commissary maintained aboard merchant ships to sell merchandise to the crew
{n: special drawing rights, paper gold} reserve assets in the International Monetary Fund; designed to supplement reserves of gold and convertible currencies used to maintain stability in the foreign exchange market
{n: spendthrift trust} a trust created to maintain a beneficiary but to be secure against the beneficiary's improvidence
{n: squat, squatting} the act of assuming or maintaining a crouching position with the knees bent and the buttocks near the heels
{n: stabilizer} a chemical that is added to a solution or mixture or suspension to maintain it in a stable or unchanging state
{n: standing} the act of assuming or maintaining an erect upright position
{n: state prison} a prison maintained by a state of the U.S.
{n: steamfitter} a craftsman who installs and maintains equipment for ventilating or heating or refrigerating
{n: steeplejack} someone who builds or maintains very tall structures
{n: stretch reflex, myotactic reflex} reflex contraction of a muscle when an attached tendon is pulled; important in maintaining erect posture
{n: support} the activity of providing for or maintaining by supplying with money or necessities
"his support kept the family together"
"they gave him emotional support during difficult times"
{n: surveillance system} a closed-circuit television system used to maintain close observation of a person or group
{n: synchrotron} cyclotron in which the electric field is maintained at a constant frequency
{n: system administrator} a person in charge of managing and maintaining a computer system of telecommunication system (as for a business or institution)
{n: temporary injunction, interlocutory injunction} injunction issued during a trial to maintain the status quo or preserve the subject matter of the litigation until the trial is over
{n: trader, bargainer, dealer, monger} someone who purchases and maintains an inventory of goods to be sold
{n: trespass on the case} an action brought to recover damages from a person whose actions have resulted indirectly in injury or loss
"a person struck by a log as it was thrown onto a road could maintain trespass against the thrower but one who was hurt by stumbling over it could maintain and action on the case"
{n: umbrella} a formation of military planes maintained over ground operations or targets
"an air umbrella over England"
{n: upholder, maintainer, sustainer} someone who upholds or maintains
"firm upholders of tradition"
"they are sustainers of the idea of democracy"
{n: vacuum flask, vacuum bottle} flask with double walls separated by vacuum; used to maintain substances at high or low temperatures
{n: vasoconstrictor, vasoconstrictive, pressor} any agent that causes a narrowing of an opening of a blood vessel: cold or stress or nicotine or epinephrine or norepinephrine or angiotensin or vasopressin or certain drugs; maintains or increases blood pressure
{n: vestal virgin} (Roman mythology) one of the virgin priestesses consecrated to the Roman goddess Vesta and to maintaining the sacred fire in her temple
{n: vigilance committee} a volunteer committee to maintain order where an efficient legal system does not exist
{n: vitalness} the quality of being essential to maintain life
{n: vitamin B1, thiamine, thiamin, aneurin, antiberiberi factor} a B vitamin that prevents beriberi; maintains appetite and growth
{n: vitamin P, bioflavinoid, citrin} a vitamin that maintains the resistance of cell and capillary walls to permeation
{n: warrener} maintains a rabbit warren
{n: web site, website, internet site, site} a computer connected to the internet that maintains a series of web pages on the World Wide Web
"the Israeli web site was damaged by hostile hackers"
{n: webmaster} a technician who designs or maintains a website
{n: worker bee} sterile bee specialized to collect food and maintain the hive
{n: yin} the dark negative feminine principle in Chinese dualistic cosmology
"the interaction of yin and yang maintains the harmony of the universe"
<-> yang
{v: abandon, give up} stop maintaining or insisting on ; of ideas, claims, etc.
"He abandoned the thought of asking for her hand in marriage"
"Both sides have to give up some calims in these negociations"
{v: allege, aver, say} report or maintain
"He alleged that he was the victim of a crime"
"He said it was too late to intervene in the war"
"The registrar says that I owe the school money"
{v: assert, asseverate, maintain} state categorically
{v: bet, wager} maintain with or as if with a bet
"I bet she will be there!"
{v: boil} bring to, or maintain at, the boiling point
"boil this liquid until it evaporates"
{v: conserve, preserve, maintain, keep up} keep in safety and protect from harm, decay, loss, or destruction
"We preserve these archeological findings"
"The old lady could not keep up the building"
"children must be taught to conserve our national heritage"
"The museum curator conserved the ancient manuscripts"
{v: contend, postulate} maintain or assert
"He contended that Communism had no future"
{v: continue, uphold, carry on, bear on, preserve} keep or maintain in unaltered condition ; cause to remain or last
"preserve the peace in the family"
"continue the family tradition"
"Carry on the old traditions"
<-> discontinue
{v: cover} maintain a check on ; especially by patrolling
"The second officer covered the top floor"
{v: harbor, harbour, hold, entertain, nurse} maintain (a theory, thoughts, or feelings)
"bear a grudge"
"entertain interesting notions"
"harbor a resentment"
{v: hold one's own} maintain one's position and be in control of a situation
{v: hold} take and maintain control over, often by violent means
"The dissatisfied students held the President's office for almost a week"
{v: housekeep} maintain a household ; take care of all household-related business
{v: hydrate} supply water or liquid to in order to maintain a healthy balance
"the bicyclists must be hydrated frequently"
{v: keep note} maintain in the forefront of one's awareness
"He kept note of the location of the soldiers"
{v: keep step, keep pace} maintain the same pace
"The child cannot keep step with his big brother"
{v: keep up} maintain a required pace or level
"He could not keep up and dropped out of the race"
{v: keep, maintain, hold} keep in a certain state, position, or activity ; e.g., "keep clean"
"hold in place"
"She always held herself as a lady"
"The students keep me on my toes"
{v: keep, maintain} maintain by writing regular records
"keep a diary"
"maintain a record"
"keep notes"
{v: keep, maintain} maintain for use and service
"I keep a car in the countryside"
"She keeps an apartment in Paris for her shopping trips"
{v: keep, preserve} maintain in safety from injury, harm, or danger
"May God keep you"
{v: lose} fail to keep or to maintain ; cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense
"She lost her purse when she left it unattended on her seat"
<-> keep
{v: maintain, defend} state or assert
"He maintained his innocence"
{v: observe, keep, maintain} observe correctly or closely
"The pianist kept time with the metronome"
"keep count"
"I cannot keep track of all my employees"
{v: outsource} obtain goods or services from an outside supplier ; to contract work out
"Many companies outsource and hire consultants rather in order to maintain a flexible workforce"
{v: patrol, police} maintain the security of by carrying out a control
{v: pressurize, pressurise} maintain a certain pressure
"the airplane cabin is pressurized"
"pressurize a space suit"
{v: reseed} maintain by self-seeding
"Some plants reseed themselves indefinitely"
{v: sit tight} maintain the same position ; wait it out
"Let's not make a decision--let's sit tight"
{v: stand, remain firm} hold one's ground ; maintain a position ; be steadfast or upright
"I am standing my ground and won't give in!"
<-> yield
{v: stand} have or maintain a position or stand on an issue
"Where do you stand on the War?"
{v: sustain, keep, maintain} supply with necessities and support
"She alone sustained her family"
"The money will sustain our good cause"
"There's little to earn and many to keep"
{v: transpose} transfer a quantity from one side of an equation to the other side reversing its sign, in order to maintain equality
{v: uphold, maintain} support against an opponent
"The appellate court upheld the verdict"
{v: vindicate} maintain, uphold, or defend
"vindicate the rights of the citizens"
{v: wield, exert, maintain} of power or authority
If the body doesn't receive enough dietary calcium to maintain the needed blood level, the parathyroid hormone( produced by our four parathyroid glands), along with vitamin D, signals the release of calcium from bones.
人体如不能从饮食中汲取足够的钙以维持血液中所需的钙含量水平，甲状旁腺激素（由人体中的四条甲状旁腺产生）和维生素 D就会让骨头中的钙释放出来。
To me, Hitler and World War II are sufficient proof that maintaining a strong U. S. Military force is a moral act.
对我来说，希特勒和二战足以证明美国保持强大的军事力量是道德的行为。
With branch offices scattered throughout North America and Europe, Razorfish relies on a spirited intranet site called " Mom " to maintain order and - just as important - a sense of community.
公司分支机构遍布北美和欧洲，公司建立了一个被称为妈妈网的生机勃勃的内联网，以维持公司的工作秩序以及同样重要的公司集体的观念。
A refrigerator or a medicine cabinet will maintain a running inventory.
电冰箱或药柜将自动更新存货。
It won't run Java, though the designers maintain that this is a feature, not a bug they argue that Java slows down page loading and seldom offers more than window dressing.
它无法运行 Java ，但是设计者们坚持称这正是该软件的特色，而不是缺点。他们认为 Java 会减慢页面载入速度，而且除了修饰窗口以外， Java 一无所长。
With a rising swell and the wind touching 20-knots, the Young America's skipper decided to tack in order to maintain his advantage.
尽管风急（风速接近 20节）浪高，这位船长仍决定抢风航行，以确保领先优势。
Using an earpiece, callers hold the phones at arm's length to maintain visual contact.
用户可以借助耳机，伸直手臂举着电话为自己照相。
" As we drop our physical activity but maintain the nature of our diet, it's an absolutely gorgeous combination for making us fat. "
我们的活动量减少了，但饮食结构却没有变化，这两个因素加起来，绝对有利于增肥。
But adapting a novel by Peter and working with director Michael Corrente, the siblings, who also produced this film, maintain their best quality, frankness about our basic humanity.
但是这部由法雷尔兄弟制片、改编自彼得·法雷尔的小说、迈克尔·考伦特参与执导的影片依旧保持兄弟二人对人类本性最忠实的诠释。
The work will tell him why the pups died and provide clues for maintaining the health of the entire fur-seal population.
他做的工作将告诉他小海豹的死亡原因，并且将提供如何维持全体海豹健康的线索。
Those mutations prod the cell into replicating wildly, allowing it to escape the control that genes normally maintain over the growth of new tissue.
这些变异刺激细胞大规模复制，使它能摆脱新组织生长过程中基因通常保持的控制。
" The 1999-2000 school year will be the one where the majority of parents really feel the Internet's influence on their child's education at the everyday level, " says Jonathan Carson, chairman and CEO of the Family Education Co., which offers a parenting website at familyeducation. com and a framework for local schools to create and maintain their own sites.
家庭教育公司的董事长兼首席执行官乔纳森·卡尔森说：在 1999-2000学年，大多数的家长都将能够每日真正感受到互联网对他们孩子教育的影响。家庭教育公司提供一个子女教育网站（ familyeducation.com ）和为地方学校提供一个架构用以创建和维护它们自己的网站。
The huge difference in cost is due to the fact that circuit-switching technology used in a traditional telephone network opens and maintains a line whenever a call is made, regardless of whether someone is sending a huge data file or making a simple phone call.
费用方面的巨大差别源于以下事实：只要有人呼叫，无论用户在传送一个大容量数据文件还是在打一个简单的电话，传统电话网络采用的线路交换技术都要打开线路，并保持线路畅通。
Exercise physiologists have found that stretching, which causes the ligaments, tendons and muscles to lengthen, helps maintain flexibility and range of motion, eases muscle soreness and improves recovery time.
运动生理学家们发现，肌肉拉伸锻炼会促使韧带、肌腱和肌肉拉长，有助于保持肌肉的柔性和运动范围，消除肌肉酸痛，并缩短恢复期。
But the differences, however small, are crucial, and the disequilibrium is maintained by air near the surface mixing with air higher up, which is typically appreciably cooler and lower in water-vapor content.
但是，这两方面的差异，无论微弱到什么地步，仍是至关重要的，而那种不平衡亦得以维持，这是由于贴近水面的空气与较高处的空气不断地混合，普遍而言，较高处的空气温度要低得多，水蒸气含量也低得多。
Psychologists of the Gestalt school maintain that objects are recognized as wholes in a parallel procedure: the internal representation is matched with the retinal image in a single operation.
格尔塔学派（GestaltSchool）的心理学家坚持认为，物体是作为整体在一平行的步骤中被辨认出来的：内心再现图像只通过一次性操作即完成与视网膜形象（retinal image）的对应。
When this bracing element of craftsmanship ceased to dominate artists' outlook, new technical elements had to be adopted to maintain the intellectual element in art.
当这一起着主导作用的因素不再能支配艺术家们的创作观时，新的技术因素必须被采用，以维持艺术中的理性成份。
Since science tries to deal with reality, even the most precise sciences normally work with more or less imperfectly understood approximations toward which scientists must maintain an appropriate skepticism.
由于科学所处理的是现实，因而，即使是最为精确的科学门类一般而言在进行研究时都会带有一些或多或少未被透彻理解的近似值，而科学家针对这些近似值必须保持一种恰如其分的怀疑。
For the Earth to maintain a constant average temperature, such emissions from the planet must balance incoming solar radiation.
为使地球维持一种稳定不变的平均气温，来自行星的这些发射必须与进来的太阳辐射相平衡。
That theory maintains that a density wave of spiral form sweeps through the central plane of a galaxy, compressing clouds of gas and dust, which collapse into stars that form a spiral pattern.
那种理论坚持认为，螺旋形状的密度波贯穿星系的中央层面，将气体和尘埃的云层压缩，这些云层则坍缩为一颗颗星星，形成一螺旋状结构。
"All balls are red," he maintains, forms one strand within an entire web of statements (our knowledge);individual observations can be referred only to this web as a whole.
他坚持认为，“所有的球都是红色的”在整张陈述之网（我们的知识）中仅构成一股网绳；单项的观察只能参照这一整体网络。
Mr. Blair says EU leaders will gather in Britain in a few months for an informal summit on what he sees as the core issue facing the bloc: how to sustain economic growth, while maintaining a strong social safety net.
布莱尔说，欧盟领导人将在几个月内在英国举行非正式的峰会，商讨在他看来是欧盟目前面临的核心问题，也就是如何在维护一个强大的社会安全网络的同时保证经济的增长。
"Not one minute longer, not one minute less," he said. "And what is the job? The ability of this country to have the capacity to maintain its freedom. That just doesn't mean numbers [of people] with guns, it means institutions that work."
他说：“一分钟都不会多，一分钟都不会少。是什么任务呢？就是这个国家有能力维持自己的自由。这并不等于组建了多少军队，而是说要建立起行之有效的体系。”
Iran has long maintained that its nuclear program is solely for peaceful purposes, to generate energy to meet the demands of an expanding population, and that its program is permissible under the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.
伊朗长期以来坚持说，自己的核项目完全是用于向不断增加的人口提供电能的和平用途的，而且是核不扩散条约所允许的。
U.S. diplomats have been working with their counterparts from Britain, France and Germany to reach a common position on whether, as the United States has maintained, an IAEA deadline for Iranian disclosures should stipulate U.N. Security Council involvement, in the event of non-compliance.
美国、英国、法国和德国的外交人员正在争取在伊朗问题上达成一致立场：也就是，按照美国所坚持的，如果伊朗不在国际原子能机构最后期限之前公开核项目的话，联合国安理会应该有所行动。
应交城市维护建设税 Tax for maintaining and building cities payable
主营业务税金及附加 Tax and associate charge
-
营业税 Sales tax
消费税 Consumption tax
城市维护建设税 Tax for maintaining and building cities
资源税 Resources tax
土地增值税 Increment tax on land value
B03
Smallpox
In 1980 the 33rd World Health Assembly declared that smallpox had been eradicated. The
classification is maintained for surveillance purposes.
天花
1980 年第 33 届世界卫生会议宣称天花已被根除 ， 保留
现今的分类是为评估的目的。
F20
Schizophrenia
The schizophrenic disorders are characterized in general by fundamental and characteristic
distortions of thinking and perception, and affects that are inappropriate or blunted.
Clear consciousness and intellectual capacity are usually maintained although certain
cognitive deficits may evolve in the course of time. The most important psychopathological
phenomena include thought echo; thought insertion or withdrawal; thought broadcasting;
delusional perception and delusions of control; influence or passivity; hallucinatory
voices commenting or discussing the patient in the third person; thought disorders and
negative symptoms .
The course of schizophrenic disorders can be either continuous, or episodic with
progressive or stable deficit, or there can be one or more episodes with complete or
incomplete remission. The diagnosis of schizophrenia should not be made in the presence of
extensive depressive or manic symptoms unless it is clear that schizophrenic symptoms
antedate the affective disturbance. Nor should schizophrenia be diagnosed in the presence
of overt brain disease or during states of drug intoxication or withdrawal. Similar
disorders developing in the presence of epilepsy or other brain disease should be
classified under F06.2, and those induced by psychoactive substances under F10-F19 with
common fourth character .5.
Excludes: schizophrenia:
. acute (undifferentiated) (F23.2)
. cyclic (F25.2)
sehizophrenie reaction (F23.2)
schizotypal disorder (F21)
精神分裂症
精神分裂性疾病一般的特徵是思考及知觉的基本、
特有的歪曲 ， 以及不适当的或迟钝的情感。虽然一
些认知的缺陷在疾病的过程中呈现出来 ， 通常维持
清楚的意识及心智的能力。最重要的精神病理现象
包含思想回声、思想插入或剥夺、思想广播、妄想
性知觉、被控制、被影响或被动等妄想、以第叁人
称批评或讨论病人的听幻觉、思考流程障碍与负性
症状。
精神分裂症之病程 ， 有的是持续性、有的是阵发性
合并进行性或稳定性之退化、有的是一次或多次阵
发性 ， 且完全或不完全之康复。若同时有显着的忧
郁或躁症症状 ， 除非精神分裂的症状於情感障碍之
前发生 ， 否则不作精神分裂症的诊断。若病人有明
显脑部疾患或正处於药物中毒或戒断时期 ， 则不作
精神分裂症之诊断若有精神分裂症的疾病出现於癫
痫或其他脑部疾患时 ， 归类於 F06.2 ， 若是由精神作用
物质引起 ， 则归类於 F10-F19 中第四码.5 者。
不包含 ： 精神分裂症 :
． 急性 （ 未分化的 ） （F23.2）
． 循环性 （F25.2)
精神分裂反应 （F23.2）
准精神分裂症 （F21）
F20.2
Catatonic schizophrenia
Catatonic schizophrenia is dominated by prominent psychomotor disturbances that may
alternate between extremes such as hyperkinesis and stupor, or automatic obedience and
negativism. Constrained attitudes and postures may be maintained for long periods.
Episodes of violent excitement may be a striking feature of the condition. The catatonic
phenomena may he combined with a dream-like (oneiroid) state with vivid scenic
hallucinations.
Catatonic stupor
Schizophrenic:
. catalepsy
. catatonia
. flexibilitas cerea
紧张型精型分裂症
其必要而主要特徵是显着的精神运动障碍。其障碍
常在两极间变换 ， 例如过动现象和静呆状态 ， 或是
自动服从与拒绝现象。不自然的态度或姿势可以维
持很久。阵发性的暴力性激动 ， 可能是它的特别表
现之一。这些紧张性状态可能伴有似梦般状态 ， 而
有鲜明风景的幻觉。
紧张性静呆
精神分裂性 ：
． 僵直
． 紧张状态
． 蜡屈现象
F44.5
Dissociative convulsions
Dissociative convulsions may mimic epileptic seizures very closely in terms of movements,
but tongue-biting, bruising due to falling, and incontinence of urine are rare, and
consciousness is maintained or replaced by a state of stupor or trance.
解离性痉挛症
解离痉挛症 （ 假性痉挛发作 ） 在动作的表现可能很
像癫痫发作 ， 但在解离性痉挛中 ， 咬舌、跌伤、或
尿失禁很少发生 ， 也不会失去意识 ， 或可为静呆或
迷蒙的情况。
F52.2
Failure of genital response
The principal problem in men is erectile dysfunction (difficulty in developing or
maintaining an erection suitable for satisfactory intercourse). In women, the principal
problem is vaginal dryness or failure of lubrication.
Female sexual arousal disorder
Male erectile disorder
Psychogenic impotence
Excludes: impotence of organic origin (N48.4)
性器乏应症
这诊断主要之问题所在 ， 男性是勃起困难 （ 难以勃
起或勃起之程度难以进行满意的性交 ） ， 在女性则
是阴道过於乾燥或缺乏润滑的生理反应。
女性性反应疾患女性性兴奋障碍症
男性勃起障碍症
心因性性无能
不包含 ： 器质性起源的性无能 (N48.4)
F62.1
Enduring personality change after psychiatric illness
Personality change, persisting for at least two years, attributable to the traumatic
experience of suffering from a severe psychiatric illness. The change cannot be explained
by a previous personality disorder and should be differentiated from residual
schizophrenia and other states of incomplete recovery from an antecedent mental disorder.
This disorder is characterized by an excessive dependence on and a demanding attitude
towards others; conviction of being changed or stigmatized by the illness, leading to an
inability to form and maintain close and confiding personal relationships and to social
isolation; passivity, reduced interests, and diminished involvement in leisure activities;
persistent complaints of being ill, which may be associated with hypochondriacal claims
and illness behaviour; dysphoric or labile mood, not due to the presence of a current
mental disorder or antecedent mental disorder with residual affective symptoms; and
longstanding problems in social and occupational functioning.
精神疾病後长久人格变异症
由於承受严重精神疾病的创伤经验所引发的人格改
变 ， 至少得持续两年。此种改变无法以先前存在的
人格违常来解释 ， 必须与精神分裂症残馀症状及其
他先前存在精神疾病未完全康复状态做鉴别诊断 ，
此种人格违常之特质 ： 对他人过度依赖且过度要求
， 由於疾病所影响或心中烙印此一疾病 ， 导致无法
与他人形成且维持亲密而信赖的人际关系 ， 造成社
会孤立 ； 显得较被动 ； 兴趣变的较低落 ， 且减少休
闲活动之参与 ， 不断抱怨处於生病之中 ， 可能附带
虑病性的要求及生病行为 ； 其低落情绪或不稳定之
情绪 ， 并非源自目前存在的精神疾病或先前存在的
精神疾病之残存症状 ； 并且长期有社会功能和职业
功能方面的问题。
F66.2
Sexual relationship disorder
The gender identity or sexual orientation (heterosexual, homosexual, or bisexual) is
responsible for difficulties in forming or maintaining a relationship with a sexual
partner.
性关系障碍症
因为性别认同或性取向之障碍 ， 而导致不能与性伴
侣形成或维持关系。
F70
Mild mental retardation
Approximate IQ range of 50 to 69 (in adults, mental .IgC from 9 to under 12 years). Likely
to result in some learning difficulties in school. Many adults will be able to work and
maintain good social relationships and contribute to society.
Includes: feeble-mindedness
mild mental subnormality
轻度智能不足
智力测验智商范围大约在 50 至 69 之间 （ 成人的心智年
龄自 9 岁至 12 岁以下 ） 似乎会导致一些在学校的学习
困难。许多人成年後能够工作且维持好的社会关系
， 对社会有贡献。
包含 ： 心智薄弱
轻度智能低下
F84.2
Rett's syndrome
A condition, so far found only in girls, in which apparently normal early development is
followed by partial or complete loss of speech and of skills in locomotion and use of
hands, together with deceleration in head growth, usually with an onset between seven and
24 months of age. Loss of purposive hand movements, hand-wringing stereotypies, and
hyperventilation are characteristic. Social and play development are arrested but social
interest tends to be maintained. Trunk ataxia and apraxia start to develop by age four
years and choreoathetoid movements frequently follow. Severe mental retardation almost
invariably results.
雷特徵候群
只发生於女童 ， 通常在 ７ 至 2 4 个月大时发病 ， 个案
有正常或几乎正常的早期发展 ， 接着是部份或完全
丧失手部和语言技巧 ， 伴有头部发育的减缓。丧失
有目的的手部动作 ， 及出现固定重覆的手扭曲及过
度换气是其特殊特徵。社交及游戏的发展停止 ， 但
社交兴趣仍然保留。倾向於发展出躯干性共济失调
(ataxig) 及失用 ， 且有时会有舞蹈指痉性动作 (choreo athtoid)
发生。不可避免的会有严重的智能障碍。
G47.0
Disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep [insomnias]
Disorders of excessive somnolence [hypersomnias]
开始及持续睡眠之疾患〔失眠症〕
过量嗜眠状态之疾患〔嗜眠症〕
偏振恒持光纤 Fiber Optic Fibers, Polarization - Maintaining
偏振恒持光缆 Fiber Optic Cable, Polarization - Maintaining
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