main [ mein] a.主要的，最重要的
main [ mein] n.总管道，干线
in the main 基本上，大体上
with might and main 使劲地，全力地
main [mein] a.&n. 主要的,体力,力量
main [mein] 主
碰头会 "brief meeting ( A brief, small-scale, informal meeting with no fixed agenda, the main purpose of which is to exchange information.) "
主渠道 main channel
主板市场 main board of the stock market
MCR Main Control 主控
MTV Main service Channel 主业务信道
MDF Main Distribution Frame 总配线架
Standard for the Installation of Private Fire Service Mains and Their Appurtenances
个人消防供水总线及附属装置的安装标准
Main Distribution Frame 主配线架
Please join the main queue 请排成一队
主起落架 main landing gear
nozzle of the main engine 主发动机喷嘴
main flow during the peak period 高峰主流向，高单向
main committee 主要委员会
There are several reasons for this problem. One of the main reasons is that the number of vehicles is increasing much more rapidly than building of roads. Another primary reason is that there seem to be too many private cars and not enough public buses.
关于这个问题，有很多原因。一个主要原因是车辆增加的数量远快于道路的建设。另一个主要原因是私家车过多而公交车不够。
Main shaft gear bushing 主轴齿轮衬套
主燃烧室
main combustion chamber
主轴承盖
main bearing cap
主连杆
main connecting rod
曲轴主轴颈
crankshaft main journal
主轴承
main bearing
主量孔
main metering jet
恒温器主阀
thermostat main valve
主进水口
water main inlet port
电源骚扰
mains-borne distrubance
电源抗扰性
mains immunity
变速器主轴
transmission main shaft
主脚架 Main Stand
Unemployed people are the main users of this advice center.
失业者是这个咨询中心的主要客户。
The firm is now in the process of moving the main equipment to a new place.
公司目前正在把主要设备迁到新地址去。
Money was the main factor in my decision not to buy a car.
我决定不买车主要是因为钱。
The river flooded its banks, washing away part of the main railway line.
洪水淹没了河岸，冲坏了部分铁路干线。
The newly established government controls the main part of the city except for a few pockets of resistance.
除了少数地区还在抵抗, 新政府控制了城市的主要区段。
I have drawn up the main outlines, and we will have to work out all the details later.
我已经把大纲草拟好了, 随后我们得把所有细节列出来。
All our main objectives have been achieved.
我们所有的主要目标都已经达到了。
The management plan has four main components.
管理计划有4个组成部分。
Mountains and lakes are the main features of the landscape of Wales.
山峦和湖泊是威尔士景色中的主要特色。
He arranged his speech under four main heads.
他把发言内容归纳成四个主要方面。
The teacher asked me to note down the main points of the speech.
老师要求我把演说的要点记下来。
I turned the gas off at the mains before I went out.
我出门之前，把煤气的总阀关掉了。
这是关键性的一点。
This is the important point.
This is the main point.
This is crucial. *语气稍重。
Main beam 主声束
A Where is the new Olympic Stadium being built?
A 新的奥林匹克露天体育场建在哪里？
B It’s north of the city centre. It’s a whole new area, especially for the Olympics.
B 在市中心的北部。那是一个新区，专为奥运会准备的。
A I’d like to go and see it. I’ve seen pictures of the new stadium – it looks fantastic.
A 我想去看看。我已经看过了这座新体育场的一些照片——看起来非常漂亮。
B It’s not just the stadium – it’s the main centre for the Olympics, with lots of other things there too.
B 它不仅是体育场——还是奥运会的主会场，那里还有很多其他的建筑设施。
A Yes, I know. The swimming centre is there.
A 是的，我知道。游泳中心在那里。
B The Olympics will be all over Beijing – north, south, east and west – but the main centre is in the north.
B 奥运会场将遍及全北京——北、南、东和西——但是主会场在北部。
A There're a lot about the Olympics in this magazine.
A 这本杂志里有很多关于奥运会的报道。
B May I have a look? Thanks. Is that a plan of the main stadium?
B 我可以看一下吗？ 谢谢。有关于修建主体育馆的计划吗？
A Yes. The Olympic stadium is brand new.
A 有。奥林匹克体育馆是崭新的。
B I think a lot of the venues are new.
B 我想有很多场馆都是新的。
A Yes, but not all. Some are being upgraded, like the Workers' Stadium.
A 是的，但不是所有的场馆都是新的。有些正在翻新，比如说工人体育馆。
B They all look fantastic.
B 它们看起来都漂亮极了！
A I’d love tickets for the main stadium. I like all the athletics events.
A 我想买在主体育场举行的比赛项目的门票。我喜欢所有的田径项目。
B I love all the races and the running.
B 我喜欢所有的赛跑项目。
A Yes, the 100 metres, the 200 metres, the 400 metres, the 800 metres – all of those.
A 是的，100米，200米，400米，800米——所有这一切。
B What about the other races?
B 其他的赛跑项目呢？
A I like the longer distance races too – the fifteen hundred metres and the five and ten thousand metres. And I like the hurdles.
A 我也喜欢长跑项目——1500米，500米和10000米。我也喜欢跨栏比赛。
A Where is the new Olympic Stadium?
A 新建的奥运场馆在哪里？
B It’s north of the city centre. It’s a whole new area, specially for the Olympics.
B 它在市中心的北边。它是一个整个翻新的地方，为奥运准备的。
A The swimming centre is there and lots of other events.
A 游泳中心就在那里，还有其他很多活动。
B The Olympics will be all over Beijing – north, south, east and west – but the main centre is in the north.
B 奥运活动将会遍布北京城－东西南北。但中心点是在城北。
A novel is a mirror walking along a main road.
一部小说犹如一面在大街上走的镜子。
法国作家司汤达
"Driving to a friend's house last night I took the wrong turn off the main highway and got lost. I didn't have a road map but I flew by the seat of my pants and after twenty minutes I found the street I was looking for."
“昨晚在我开车去一个朋友家的路上，我在一条高速公路上拐错了一个弯，结果就迷失了方向。我当时又没有地图。我只好凭着自己的猜测开，过了二十分钟我终于找到了我要去的那条路。”
What are the main clauses in the contract?
合同中的主要条款有哪些？
Our company newly established through uniting the capitals of the captioned …… firms will be engaged principally in commission business, of which main line is ……
我公司合并了标题所示……家商行的资本，从新组成，主要经营……业务。
To emphasise something when you are describing it, you can use so / so before the main descriptive adjective: e.g. It’s so big / It’s so big; It’s so hot / It’s so hot; It’s so cool / It’s so cool; It’s so expensive / It’s so expensive.
要强调你所描述的事物，可以在主要的形容词前加so / 太。例如：It’s so big / 它这么大。; It’s so hot / 天太热了; It’s so cool / 天太冷了; It’s so expensive / 这太贵了。
案由 [àn yóu] /main points of a case/brief/summary/
本文 [běn wén] /this text/article/the main body of a book/
本着 [běn zhe ] /(conj) based on...; in conformance with../taking as one's main principle/
避实就虚 [bì shí jiù xū] /stay clear of the enemy's main force and/strike at his weak points/
不得要领 [bù dé yào lǐng] /fail to grasp the main points/
大道 [dà dào] /main street/
大纲 [dà gāng] /main point/leading principles/
大街 [dà jiē] /street/main street/
大类 [dà lèi] /main type/main class/main category/
大要 [dà yào] /abstract/gist/main points/
大意 [dà yì] /general idea/main idea/careless/
干线 [gàn xiàn] /(n) main road; primary route/
基本 [jī běn] /basic/fundamental/main/
堂 [táng] /(main) hall/large room/
柁 [tuó] /main beam of roof/
下手 [xià shǒu] /start/put one's hand to/set about/the seat to the right of the main guest/
要点 [yào diǎn] /main point/essential/
要领 [yào lǐng] /(n) main aspects; essentials/
正文 [zhēng wén] /main text (as opposed to footnotes)/main body (of a book)/
正 [zhèng] /just (right)/main/upright/straight/correct/principle/
重心 [zhòng xīn] /(n) center of gravity/(n) core; main part/
主干 [zhǔ gàn] /trunk/main/core/
主力 [zhǔ lì] /main force/main strength of an army/
主流 [zhǔ liú] /(n) main stream of a fluid/(n) main aspect of a matter/
主食 [zhǔ shí] /(n) main food/
主体 [zhǔ tǐ] /main part/subject/
主要 [zhǔ yào] /main/principal/major/primary/
主要来源 [zhǔ yào lái yuán] /principle source/main source/
主要原因 [zhǔ yào yuán yīn] /main reason/primary cause/
主因 [zhǔ yīn] /main reason/
最主要 [zuì zhǔ yào] /main/
{adj: Singaporean} of or relating to the city of Singapore
"the Singaporean main street"
{adj: acrogenic, acrogenous} pertaining to flowerless plants (ferns or mosses) in which growth occurs only at the tip of the main stem
{adj: afloat, awash, flooded, inundated, overflowing} covered with water
"the main deck was afloat (or awash)"
"the monsoon left the whole place awash"
"a flooded bathroom"
"inundated farmlands"
"an overflowing tub"
{adj: all-mains} used of a radio receiver that is adaptable to all voltages
"an all-mains set"
{adj: alpha} first in order of importance
"the alpha male in the group of chimpanzees"
"the alpha star in a constellation is the brightest or main star"
{adj: auxiliary, subsidiary, supplemental, supplementary} functioning in a subsidiary or supporting capacity
"the main library and its auxiliary branches"
{adj: bodiless, bodyless} having no trunk or main part
"a bodiless head"
{adj: chief, main, primary, principal} most important element
"the chief aim of living"
"the main doors were of solid glass"
"the principal rivers of America"
"the principal example"
"policemen were primary targets"
{adj: cymose} having a usually flat-topped flower cluster in which the main and branch stems each end in a flower that opens before those below it or to its side
{adj: digressive, discursive, excursive, rambling} (of e.g. speech and writing) tending to depart from the main point or cover a wide range of subjects
"amusingly digressive with satirical thrusts at women's fashions among other things"
"a rambling discursive book"
"his excursive remarks"
"a rambling speech about this and that"
{adj: independent, main} (of a clause) capable of standing syntactically alone as a complete sentence
"the main (or independent) clause in a complex sentence has at least a subject and a verb"
<-> dependent
{adj: main} of force; of the greatest possible intensity
"by main strength"
{adj: overall} involving only main features
"the overall pattern of his life"
{adj: radial, stellate} arranged like rays or radii; radiating from a common center
"radial symmetry"
"a starlike or stellate arrangement of petals"
"many cities show a radial pattern of main highways"
{adj: segregated, unintegrated} separated or isolated from others or a main group
"a segregated school system"
"a segregated neighborhood"
<-> integrated
{adj: subordinating, subordinative} serving to connect a subordinate clause to a main clause
"`when' in `I will come when I can' is a subordinating conjunction"
<-> coordinating
{adj: tonic, accented} used of syllables
"a tonic syllables carries the main stress in a word"
<-> atonic
{adv: chiefly, principally, primarily, mainly, in the main} for the most part
"he is mainly interested in butterflies"
{adv: generally, in general, in the main} without distinction of one from others
"he is interested in snakes in general"
<-> specifically
{n: Aegean, Aegean Sea} an arm of the Mediterranean between Greece and Turkey; a main trade route for the ancient civilizations of Crete and Greece and Rome and Persia
{n: Belem, Para, Feliz Lusitania, Santa Maria de Belem, St. Mary of Bethlehem} port city in northern Brazil in the Amazon delta; main port and commercial center for the Amazon River basin
{n: CPU board, mother board} the main circuit board for a computer
{n: Canadian Security Intelligence Service, CSIS} Canada's main foreign intelligence agency that gathers and analyzes information to provide security intelligence for the Canadian government
{n: Colorado, Colorado River} an important river in the southwestern United States; rises in the Rocky Mountains of northern Colorado and flows southwest through Utah into Arizona (where it flows through the Grand Canyon) and then southward through the southern tip of Nevada, then forming the border between California and Arizona and finally into Mexico where it empties into the Gulf of California; the main source of water in the southwestern United States
{n: Comoro Islands, Iles Comores} three main islands and numerous islets in the Indian Ocean between Mozambique and Madagascar
{n: Frankfurt on the Main, Frankfurt, Frankfort} a German city; an industrial and commercial and financial center
{n: Hokkaido, Ezo, Yezo} the second largest of the four main islands of Japan; north of Honshu
{n: Honshu, Hondo} the central and largest of the four main islands of Japan; between the Sea of Japan and the Pacific Ocean; regarded as the Japanese mainland
{n: Irrawaddy, Irrawaddy River} the main river of Myanmar rising in the north and flowing south through the length of Burma to empty into the Andaman Sea
{n: Kyushu} the southernmost of the four main islands of Japan; contains coal fields
{n: Lewis, Sinclair Lewis, Harry Sinclair Lewis} United States novelist who satirized middle-class America in his novel Main Street (1885-1951)
{n: Lower Egypt} one of the two main administrative districts of Egypt; consists of the Nile delta
{n: Luzon} the main island of the Philippines
{n: Madison, capital of Wisconsin} capital of the state of Wisconsin; located in the southern part of state; site of the main branch of the University of Wisconsin
{n: Main Street} any small town (or the people who inhabit it); generally used to represent parochialism and materialism (after a novel by Sinclair Lewis)
"Main Street will never vote for a liberal politician"
{n: Newtonian telescope, Newtonian reflector} reflecting telescope in which the image is viewed through an eyepiece perpendicular to main axis
{n: North Island} the smaller but more populous of two main islands of New Zealand; separated from South Island by Cook Strait
{n: Oslo, Christiania, capital of Norway} the capital and largest city of Norway; the country's main port; located at the head of a fjord on Norway's southern coast
{n: Parthenon} the main temple of the goddess Athena; built on the acropolis in Athens more than 400 years B.C.; example of Doric architecture
{n: Peter Pan} the main character in a play by J. M. Barrie; a boy who won't grow up
{n: Sayda, Saida, Sidon} the main city of ancient Phoenicia
{n: Shiah, Shia, Shiah Islam} one of the two main branches of orthodox Islam; mainly in Iran
{n: Shikoku} the smallest of the four main islands of Japan; south of Honshu and east of Kyushu; separated from Honshu by the Inland Sea; forested and mountainous
{n: South Island} the larger but less populous of two main islands of New Zealand; separated from North Island by Cook Strait
{n: Sunni, Sunni Islam} one of the two main branches of orthodox Islam
{n: Testament} either of the two main parts of the Christian Bible
{n: Toyonaki} a Japanese city in southern Honshu; main residential suburb of Osaka
{n: Upper Egypt} one of the two main administrative districts of Egypt; extends south from Cairo to Sudan
{n: Vaisya} a member of the mercantile and professional Hindu caste; the third of the four main castes
{n: West End} the part of west central London containing the main entertainment and shopping areas
{n: Yogacara} one of the main traditions of Mahayana Buddhism; holds that the mind is real but that objects are just ideas or states of consciousness
{n: accessory, accoutrement, accouterment} clothing that is worn or carried, but not part of your main clothing
{n: acrocarp, acrocarpous moss} a moss in which the main axis is terminated by the archegonium (and hence the capsule)
<-> pleurocarp
{n: acrogen} any flowerless plant such as a fern (pteridophyte) or moss (bryophyte) in which growth occurs only at the tip of the main stem
{n: adjunct} a construction that can be used to extend the meaning of a word or phrase but is not one of the main constituents of a sentence
{n: aftershock} a tremor (or one of a series of tremors) occurring after the main shock of an earthquake
{n: annex, annexe, extension, wing} an addition that extends a main building
{n: arterial road} a major or main route
{n: auxiliary storage, external storage, secondary storage} a data storage device that is not the main memory of a computer
{n: axillary artery, arteria axillaris} the part of the main artery of the arm that lies in the armpit and is continuous with the subclavian artery above and the brachial artery below
{n: axis} the main stem or central part about which plant organs or plant parts such as branches are arranged
{n: back matter, end matter} written matter following the main text of a book
{n: backup} an accumulation caused by clogging or a stoppage
"a traffic backup on the main street"
"he discovered a backup in the toilet"
{n: balcony} an upper floor projecting from the rear over the main floor in an auditorium
{n: barb} a subsidiary point facing opposite from the main point that makes an arrowhead or spear hard to remove
{n: barb} one of the parallel filaments projecting from the main shaft of a feather
{n: bell book} a logbook in which all orders concerning the main engines of a ship are recorded
{n: belly flop, belly flopper, belly whop, belly whopper} a dive in which the abdomen bears the main force of impact with the water
{n: billabong} a branch of a river made by water flowing from the main stream only when the water level is high
{n: brachial artery, arteria brachialis} the main artery of the upper arm; a continuation of the axillary artery; bifurcates into the radial and ulnar arteries at the elbow
{n: branch} a division of a stem, or secondary stem arising from the main stem of a plant
{n: bronchus, bronchial tube} either of the two main branches of the trachea
{n: brunt} main force of a blow etc
"bore the brunt of the attack"
{n: business} an immediate objective
"gossip was the main business of the evening"
{n: calcium phosphate} a phosphate of calcium; a main constituent of animal bones
{n: capitulation} a summary that enumerates the main parts of a topic
{n: cardinal compass point} one of the four main compass points
{n: centrum} the main body of a vertebra
{n: citation form, main entry word, entry word} the form of a word that heads a lexical entry and is alphabetized in a dictionary
{n: collector's item, showpiece, piece de resistance} the outstanding item (the prize piece or main exhibit) in a collection
{n: complex sentence} a sentence composed of at least one main clause and one subordinate clause
{n: concordance} an index of all main words in a book along with their immediate contexts
{n: construction, building} the commercial activity involved in repairing old structures or constructing new ones
"their main business is home construction"
"workers in the building trades"
{n: convention, normal, pattern, rule, formula} something regarded as a normative example
"the convention of not naming the main character"
"violence is the rule not the exception"
"his formula for impressing visitors"
{n: coordinate clause} a clause in a complex sentence that is grammatically equivalent to the main clause and that performs the same grammatical function
{n: corpus} the main part of an organ or other bodily structure
{n: corymb} flat-topped or convex inflorescence in which the individual flower stalks grow upward from various points on the main stem to approximately the same height; outer flowers open first
{n: countercurrent, crosscurrent} actions counter to the main group activity
"political crosscurrents disrupted the conference"
{n: cross street} a street intersecting a main street (usually at right angles) and continuing on both sides of it
{n: curtain raiser} a short play presented before the main play
{n: cutting} a piece cut off from the main part of something
{n: denouement} the final resolution of the main complication of a literary or dramatic work
{n: derivation} drawing off water from its main channel as for irrigation
{n: detour, roundabout way} a roundabout road (especially one that is used temporarily while a main route is blocked)
{n: diagonal matrix} a square matrix with all elements not on the main diagonal equal to zero
{n: diapason, diapason stop} either of the two main stops on a pipe organ
{n: diaphysis, shaft} the main (mid) section of a long bone
{n: digression, aside, excursus, divagation, parenthesis} a message that departs from the main subject
{n: digression, excursion} wandering from the main path of a journey
{n: dinner plate} a plate from which a diner eats during the main course of a meal
{n: dinner} the main meal of the day served in the evening or at midday
"dinner will be at 8"
"on Sundays they had a large dinner when they returned from church"
{n: distributary} a branch of a river that flows away from the main stream and does not rejoin it
<-> tributary
{n: diversion, deviation, digression, deflection, deflexion, divagation} a turning aside (of your course or attention or concern)
"a diversion from the main highway"
"a digression into irrelevant details"
"a deflection from his goal"
{n: drogue parachute} a small parachute that pulls the main parachute from its storage pack
{n: electric main} a main that distributes electricity
{n: ell} an extension at the end and at right angles to the main building
{n: entree, main course} the principal dish of a meal
{n: epanodos} recapitualtion of the main ideas of a speech (especially in reverse order)
{n: epilogue, epilog} a short passage added at the end of a literary work
"the epilogue told what eventually happened to the main characters"
{n: epiphysis} the end of a long bone; initially separated from the main bone by a layer of cartilage that eventually ossifies so the parts become fused
{n: feeder line} a branching path off of a main transportation line (especially an airline)
{n: feeder, tributary, confluent, affluent} a branch that flows into the main stream
<-> distributary
{n: fetus, foetus} an unborn or unhatched vertebrate in the later stages of development showing the main recognizable features of the mature animal
{n: fictional character, fictitious character, character} an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)
"she is the main character in the novel"
{n: filaggrin} the main protein of the keratohyalin granules
"the specific target of the immune response in rheumatoid arthritis is filaggrin"
{n: fish fry} a cookout where fried fish is the main course
{n: flying buttress, arc-boutant} a buttress that stands apart from the main structure and connected to it by an arch
{n: front matter, prelims} written matter preceding the main text of a book
{n: frustration} a feeling of annoyance at being hindered or criticized
"her constant complaints were the main source of his frustration"
{n: function call} a call that passes control to a subroutine; after the subroutine is executed control returns to the next instruction in main program
{n: gas fitting} the fitting (pipes or valves or meters) that convey gas from the gas main to the gas fixtures of a building
{n: gas main} a main that distributes gas
{n: girder} a beam made usually of steel; a main support in a structure
{n: guesthouse} a house separate from the main house; for housing guests
{n: hacienda} the main house on a ranch or large estate
{n: headquarters, central office, main office, home office, home base} (usually plural) the office that serves as the administrative center of an enterprise
"many companies have their headquarters in New York"
{n: heavy spar, barite, barytes, barium sulphate} a white or colorless mineral (BaSO4); the main source of barium
{n: heroine} the main good female character in a work of fiction
{n: high altar} the main altar in a church
{n: highway, main road} a major road for any form of motor transport
{n: hors d'oeuvre} a dish served as an appetizer before the main meal
{n: hydrant} a discharge pipe with a valve and spout at which water may be drawn from the mains of waterworks
{n: hyperboloid} a quadric surface generated by rotating a hyperbola around its main axis
{n: idea, thought} the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about
"it was not a good idea"
"the thought never entered my mind"
{n: immunoglobulin G, IgG} one of the five major classes of immunoglobulins; the main antibody defense against bacteria
{n: internal organ, viscus} a main organ that is situated inside the body
{n: item, point} a distinct part that can be specified separately in a group of things that could be enumerated on a list
"he noticed an item in the New York Times"
"she had several items on her shopping list"
"the main point on the agenda was taken up first"
{n: kaolinite} a mineral consisting of aluminum silicate; main source of kaolin
{n: keel} one of the main longitudinal beams (or plates) of the hull of a vessel; can extend vertically into the water to provide lateral stability
{n: keep, donjon, dungeon} the main tower within the walls of a medieval castle or fortress
{n: laudanum, tincture of opium} narcotic consisting of an alcohol solution of opium or any preparation in which opium is the main ingredient
{n: layby, lay-by, pull-off, rest area, rest stop} designated paved area beside a main road where cars can stop temporarily
"in England they call a rest area a lay-by"
{n: leaf, leafage, foliage} the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants
{n: leftover, remnant} a small part or portion that remains after the main part no longer exists
{n: limb, tree branch} any of the main branches arising from the trunk or a bough of a tree
{n: loose sentence} a complex sentence in which the main clause comes first and the subordinate clause follows
{n: lower deck, third deck} the deck below the main deck
{n: magnetic core} (computer science) a doughnut-shaped magnet formerly used to store one bit of information in the main memory of a computer; now superseded by semiconductor memories
{n: main clause, independent clause} a clause in a complex sentence that can stand alone as a complete sentence
{n: main course} a square mainsail
{n: main deck, second deck} the uppermost sheltered deck that runs the entire length of a large vessel
{n: main diagonal, principal diagonal} the diagonal of a square matrix running from the upper left entry to the lower right entry
{n: main drag} the main street of a town or city
{n: main line} the principal route of a transportation system
{n: main rotor} rotor consisting of large rotating airfoils on a single-rotor helicopter that produce the lift to support the helicopter in the air
{n: main street, high street} street that serves as a principal thoroughfare for traffic in a town
{n: main yard} yard for a square mainsail
{n: main, briny} any very large body of (salt) water
{n: main-topmast} the topmast next above the mainmast
{n: main-topsail} a topsail set on the mainmast
{n: mainland} the main land mass of a country or continent; as distinguished from an island or peninsula
{n: main} a principal pipe in a system that distributes water or gas or electricity or that collects sewage
{n: majority, bulk} the property resulting from being or relating to the greater in number of two parts; the main part
"the majority of his customers prefer it"
"the bulk of the work is finished"
<-> minority
{n: master file, main file} (computer science) a computer file that is used as the authority in a given job and that is relatively permanent
{n: middle ear, tympanic cavity, tympanum} the main cavity of the ear; between the eardrum and the inner ear
{n: moneygrubber} someone whose main interest in life is moneymaking
{n: mother lode, champion lode} the main vein of ore in a deposit
{n: musculus sphincter ductus pancreatici} the smooth muscle sphincter of the main pancreatic duct
{n: nickel-base alloy, nickel alloy} an alloy whose main constituent is nickel
{n: orchestra} seating on the main floor in a theater
{n: outbuilding} a building that is subordinate to and separate from a main building
{n: outline, synopsis, abstract, precis} a sketchy summary of the main points of an argument or theory
{n: outpost} a military post stationed at a distance from the main body of troops
{n: outwork} subsidiary defensive structure lying outside the main fortified area
"the outworks of the castle"
{n: oxbow lake} a crescent-shaped lake (often temporary) that is formed when a meander of a river is cut off from the main channel
{n: parquet circle, parterre} seating at the rear of the main floor (beneath the balconies)
{n: parquet} seating on the main floor between the orchestra and the parquet circle
{n: pasta} a dish that contains pasta as its main ingredient
{n: pastime, interest, pursuit} a diversion that occupies one's time and thoughts (usually pleasantly)
"sailing is her favorite pastime"
"his main pastime is gambling"
"he counts reading among his interests"
"they criticized the boy for his limited pursuits"
{n: periodic sentence} a complex sentence in which the main clause comes last and is preceded by the subordinate clause
{n: peroration} (rhetoric) the concluding section of an oration
"he summarized his main points in his peroration"
{n: plagiocephaly} congenital malformation of the skull in which the main axis of the skull is oblique
{n: plate} a main course served on a plate
"a vegetable plate"
"the blue plate special"
{n: pleurocarp, pleurocarpous moss} a moss having the archegonium or antheridium on a short side branch rather than the main stalk
<-> acrocarp
{n: predicate, verb phrase} one of the two main constituents of a sentence; the predicate contains the verb and its complements
{n: preliminary, prelim} a minor match preceding the main event
{n: previous question} a motion calling for an immediate vote on the main question under discussion by a deliberative assembly
{n: primary, primary feather, primary quill} one of the main flight feathers projecting along the outer edge of a bird's wing
{n: raceme} usually elongate cluster of flowers along the main stem in which the flowers at the base open first
{n: rank and file} people who constitute the main body of any group
{n: real storage} the main memory in a virtual memory system
{n: receptionist} a secretary whose main duty is to answer the telephone and receive visitors
{n: red herring} any diversion intended to distract attention from the main issue
{n: riser, riser pipe, riser pipeline, riser main} a vertical pipe in a building
{n: roadhouse} an inn (usually outside city limits on a main road) providing meals and liquor and dancing and (sometimes) gambling
{n: serif, seriph} a short line at the end of the main strokes of a character
{n: sewer main, sewer line} a main in a sewage system
{n: side dish, entremots} a dish that is served with but is subordinate to a main course
{n: side road} a minor road branching off of a main road
{n: side street} a street intersecting a main street and terminating there
{n: sideshow} a subordinate incident of little importance relative to the main event
"instruction is not an educational sideshow"
{n: sketch map} a map drawn from observation (rather than from exact measurements) and representing the main features of an area
{n: sound} a large ocean inlet or deep bay
"the main body of the sound ran parallel to the coast"
{n: squeeze} (slang) a person's girlfriend or boyfriend
"she was his main squeeze"
{n: stall} seating in the forward part of the main level of a theater
{n: state} the way something is with respect to its main attributes
"the current state of knowledge"
"his state of health"
"in a weak financial state"
{n: subject} (grammar) one of the two main constituents of a sentence; the grammatical constituent about which something is predicated
{n: summary, sum-up} a brief statement that presents the main points in a concise form
"he gave a summary of the conclusions"
{n: superstructure} structure consisting of the part of a ship above the main deck
{n: supervisory software} specialized programs that reside permanently in the computer's main memory and control the processing of user's programs
{n: surprise attack, coup de main} an attack without warning
{n: sustenance, sustentation, sustainment, maintenance, upkeep} the act of sustaining life by food or providing a means of subsistence
"they were in want of sustenance"
"fishing was their main sustainment"
{n: tail rotor, anti-torque rotor} rotor consisting of a rotating airfoil on the tail of a single-rotor helicopter; keeps the helicopter from spinning in the direction opposite to the rotation of the main rotor
{n: tail} the posterior part of the body of a vertebrate especially when elongated and extending beyond the trunk or main part of the body
{n: taproot} (botany) main root of a plant growing straight downward from the stem
{n: text} the main body of a written work (as distinct from illustrations or footnotes etc.)
"pictures made the text easier to understand"
{n: thyrse, thyrsus} a dense flower cluster (as of the lilac or horse chestnut) in which the main axis is racemose and the branches are cymose
{n: titanium, Ti, atomic number 22} a light strong grey lustrous corrosion-resistant metallic element used in strong lightweight alloys (as for airplane parts); the main sources are rutile and ilmenite
{n: traffic lane} a lane of a main road that is defined by painted lines
"that car is in the wrong traffic lane"
{n: tree} a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms
{n: trigeminal, trigeminal nerve, trigeminus, nervus trigeminus, fifth cranial nerve} the main sensory nerve of the face and motor nerve for the muscles of mastication
{n: trunk line, trunk route} line that is the main route on a railway
{n: trunk, tree trunk, bole} the main stem of a tree; usually covered with bark; the bole is usually the part that is commercially useful for lumber
{n: turncock} one employed to control water supply by turning water mains on and off
{n: vernier scale, vernier} a small movable scale that slides along a main scale; the small scale is calibrated to indicate fractional divisions of the main scale
{n: water main} main (a pipe or conduit) for conveying water
{n: wiener roast, weenie roast} a cookout where roasted frankfurters are the main course
{n: workhorse} machine that performs dependably under heavy use
"the IBM main frame computers have been the workhorse of the business world"
{n: zeaxanthin} yellow carotenoid (isomeric with lutein and occurs widely with it) that is the main pigment in yellow Indian corn
{v: bring, convey, take} take something or somebody with oneself somewhere
"Bring me the box from the other room"
"Take these letters to the boss"
"This brings me to the main point"
{v: check} arrest the motion (of something) abruptly
"He checked the flow of water by shutting off the main valve"
{v: descant on} sing a descant on a main tune or melody
{v: digress, stray, divagate, wander} lose clarity or turn aside especially from the main subject of attention or course of argument in writing, thinking, or speaking
"She always digresses when telling a story"
"her mind wanders"
"Don't digress when you give a lecture"
{v: elaborate, lucubrate, expatiate, exposit, enlarge, flesh out, expand, expound, dilate} add details, as to an account or idea ; clarify the meaning of and discourse in a learned way, usually in writing
"She elaborated on the main ideas in her dissertation"
<-> contract
{v: fall upon, strike, come upon, light upon, chance upon, come across, chance on, happen upon, attain, discover} find unexpectedly
"the archeologists chanced upon an old tomb"
"she struck a goldmine"
"The hikers finally struck the main path to the lake"
{v: fuse} make liquid or plastic by heating
"The storm fused the electric mains"
{v: homogenize, homogenise} cause to become equal or homogeneous as by mixing
"homogenize the main ingredients"
{v: lead, take, direct, conduct, guide} take somebody somewhere
"We lead him to our chief"
"can you take me to the main entrance?"
"He conducted us to the palace"
{v: recapitulate, recap} summarize briefly
"Let's recapitulate the main ideas"
{v: segregate} divide from the main body or mass and collect
"Many towns segregated into new counties"
"Experiments show clearly that genes segregate"
{v: sketch, outline, adumbrate} describe roughly or briefly or give the main points or summary of
"sketch the outline of the book"
"outline his ideas"
{v: skulk} move stealthily
"The lonely man skulks down the main street all day"
{v: summarize, summarise, sum, sum up} be a summary of
"The abstract summarizes the main ideas in the paper"
{v: undercut} cut obliquely into (a tree) below the main cut and on the side toward which the tree will fall
Perhaps the only reasonable case for human cloning is when the prospective mother suffers from a genetic disease not attributable to the main body of genes found in the nucleus, but to genes elsewhere in the cell.
对人的克隆来说，也许唯一合理的情况就是未来的妈妈得了一种遗传性的疾病，这种疾病不是由在细胞核中发现的基因主体引发的，而是由该细胞别处的基因引发的。
Adults weigh about 20 pounds, and their main prey is the snowshoe hare--so close is the relationship that their populations boom and crash in sync, and both share similar adaptations for moving fast through snowy forest.
重约 20磅的成年山猫和它们的主食雪兔之间的关系是那么密切，彼此数量的增加或下降是配合一致的，同时，为了生存，它们都具备在雪山密林中飞速快跑的类似的应变能力。
One gang robbed on the main roads into London, one covered the churches, and one covered entertainments and public functions.
一伙在通往伦敦的各条大路上抢劫，另一伙洗劫教堂，还有一伙去哄抢娱乐和公共场所。
The cause of the water loss goes back to the days of the old Soviet Union and its diversion of the main rivers which feed the Aral Sea in order to irrigate vast, arid areas for cotton production.
咸海海水枯竭的原因要追溯至前苏联时期。当时为了灌溉广阔而干旱的棉田，原本汇入咸海的几条大河被人为截流改道。
His main job was guarding Dodi, acting as his chauffeur, bodyguard and dogsbody.
他的主要工作是保护多迪，当多迪的司机、保镖和勤杂工。
" Yes, it has these extras, but if that's your main interest, check out digital video cameras instead. "
是的，它有这些额外功能，但如果那是你的主要兴趣所在，你还是应该去试试数码摄像机。
The main debate on the bridge is now about the cost of actually using it.
现在关于大桥的争论主要集中在它的实际使用费用上。
Offering relief for a desktop, RDesk allows you to move the main menu bar, maximizing screen space.
为了节省桌面空间，你可以随意移动 RDesk 的主菜单条，以获得最大的屏幕空间。
Dr. Alzheimer carefully noted two main features of the autopsied brains of his patients: the dense clumps, or plaques of protein that showed up where nerve cells should have been and the tangles that many of the neurons had become.
经过对病人大脑进行解剖，阿耳茨海默医生发现它们具有两大特征：第一，神经元区出现了浓度很高的凝块或蛋白质斑；第二，神经元转变为缠结。
By targeting Alzheimer's plaques( their main ingredient), a protein called beta amyloid, scientists from Elan Pharmaceuticals, a biotech firm located in Ireland, developed a vaccine that shrinks the plaques in mice.
埃兰医药公司是一家爱尔兰生物公司。那里的科研人员把研究目标瞄准了阿耳茨海默氏病病因之一的蛋白质斑（其主要成分）──一被称为贝它粉的蛋白质。
The program's main feature is the cartoon character a user can transmit along with his or her e-mail.
这种邮件程序的主要特色是在用户传送电子邮件时可以同时发送一个卡通人物。
Its main deck will accommodate economy passengers in the same 3-4-3 configuration as the Boeing 747, but with an extra 26 cm of width.
主甲板按 747飞机同样的 3-4-3配置装载经济舱乘客，但是宽度增加了 26厘米。
Myrick and Sanchez had tried to cast their main characters for two years before finding Donahue, Leonard and Williams.
迈瑞克与桑切兹花了两年时间才为该片几个主要人物物色到合适演员，他们是多纳休、伦纳德与威廉斯。
" The main aim is to encourage them to be active and competent ( at sports ), and then they'll get confident, " he says.
主要的目的是鼓励他们积极参加体育锻炼，并且玩得很在行，这样一来，他们就会变得很自信。他说。
The main reason for the spread in the IPCC predictions is uncertainty about how much carbon dioxide will be added to the atmosphere by human activity, because how we will respond to the threat of climate warming is the greatest imponderable of all.
IPCC 预测数据中的差异主要由于无法确定人类活动将使大气层中的二氧化碳含量增加多少，因为我们如何对待气候转暖的威胁是最不可预测的。
The main upshot of change is the sheer number of drugs in development-so many that they threaten to swamp clinical researchers ' capacity to test them.
主要的改变是由於有大量药物正在开发中，其数量之多使临床研究人员几乎无能力应付。
" Community sites love it because its another revenue stream for them, and since they 're giving their main product away( Web pages), they need as many revenue streams as they can get. "
社区网站喜欢这种方式，因为这样可以使他们得到另一个收入来源，由於他们免费送出自己的主要产品（网页），他们必须得到尽量多的收入来源。
Two main kinds of answers have been offered.
科学家已提出两种主要的答案。
Most of the children are brought to the capital by ship, the main mode of transport in this nation of more than 7,100 islands.
大部份孩子是乘船抵达菲律宾首都的。菲律宾共有7千1百多个岛屿，乘船是那里的主要交通工具。
The Visayan Forum has teamed up with the Philippine coast guard, the government's Port Authority, and the country's largest shipping company, Aboitez, to keep a sharp eye on arriving boats in the main ports, looking for possible traffickers traveling with groups of children.
维萨扬论坛基金会和菲律宾海岸警卫队、港口当局，以及菲律宾最大的船运公司阿伯特兹共同合作，密切注视进入主要港口的船只，寻找可疑的儿童走私犯。
The organization has operations in four main ports serving Manila, and says it rescues between 20 and 60 children a week. But officials say thousands are never found.
维萨扬论坛基金会在从属于马尼拉的4个主要港口都设立了办事机构。该基金会表示，它每个星期都救出20到60个孩子。不过有关官员说，还有成千上万的孩子再也找不到了。
Across the street from Manila's main North Harbor port, Visayan Forum runs an emergency shelter where rescued children stay for several days while social workers attempt to locate their parents.
维萨扬论坛基金会在马尼拉主要港口北港的对面设立了一个紧急庇护所，获救的孩子可以在那里住上几天，等待社工人员寻找他们的父母。
Despite all the meetings, the director of Moscow's Heritage Foundation, Yevgeni Volk, tells VOA he expects the ceremonies will be the main focus of the gathered leaders.
莫斯科传统基金会的总裁沃尔克告诉本台，尽管要举行这些会议，他认为这些领导人齐聚莫斯科的重点是参加庆典。
Mr. Khai says the strength of Vietnam's national unity is the root of the country's victory in two wars against invaders. He says it is also the main factor bringing success in the "doi moi" process.
潘文凯说，越南经过两次战争，打败了两个侵略者，这其中的力量源泉是国家的团结。他说，改革成功的关键也在于团结。
The leader of one of the main Kurdish groups, Jalal Talabani, concurred, saying in a [al-Arabiya] television interview that the negotiators have agreed on most of the leadership points.
一个主要库尔德组织的领袖贾拉尔·塔拉巴尼对此表示赞同。他在一次电视采访中说，谈判代表已经就多数的领导职位达成了一致。
Officials say electrical power, gas and water services have been disrupted in many cities on Japan's main southern island of Kyushu.
官员们说，在日本南部的主要岛屿九州岛，很多城市的电力、煤气和自来水的供应受到影响。
He spoke in Bratislava's main square, packed with Slovaks who had braved the elements on a blustery winter day. The president recalled their triumph over communist rule, hailed their entry into NATO and the European Union, and cited the example they have set for others. "Every Slovak can be proud of these achievements. And the American people are proud to call you allies and friends and brothers in the cause of freedom," he said.
布什总统是在布拉迪斯拉发的主要广场发表演讲的。斯洛伐克人不顾寒冷，挤满了广场。布什总统赞扬斯洛伐克人战胜共产党统治、加入世界贸易组织和欧洲联盟，为其他国家树立了榜样。布什总统说，“每一个斯洛伐克人都应该为这些成就感到骄傲。美国人民也骄傲地把斯洛伐克称为民主事业中的盟国、朋友和兄弟。”
Much of the president's speech focused on continuing to spread freedom because he says if whole regions of the world remain in despair and grow in hatred, they will be recruiting ground for terror. "The United States has no right, no desire, and no intention to impose our form of government on anyone else. That is one of the main differences between us and our enemies," he said. "They seek to impose and expand an empire of oppression, in which a tiny group of brutal, self-appointed rulers control every aspect of every life. Our aim is to build and preserve a community of free and independent nations, with governments that answer to their citizens, and reflect their own cultures."
布什总统的国情咨文大部份篇幅集中谈论继续在全世界推行民主，因为他说，假如全世界所有地区继续处于绝望跟仇恨不断增长的状态，就会为恐怖组织创造招募恐怖分子的温床。布什说：“美国没有权利、没有欲望、也没有意图把我们的政府形式强加给任何人，这是我们跟我们的敌人之间的一个主要区别。他们试图把压迫帝国推广，并强加于人。在他们的压迫帝国里，少数攫取权力的残暴统治者控制着人们生活的各个方面。我们的目标是建立并保持自由独立国家的群体，让政府对人民负责，并反映他们的文化。”
As American attack helicopters circled overhead in the Karrada district of Baghdad early Sunday morning, hundreds of people - young and old, mothers, fathers and children - walked nervously down heavily guarded streets. Many of the streets were blocked off from main roads by concrete barriers and barbed wires.
星期天一早，美国的攻击直升机在巴格达卡拉巴地区的上空盘旋，数以百计的男女老少民众小心翼翼的穿过得到重重保护的街道。许多街道安放了水泥路障和铁丝网，同交通要道隔开。
"The women had identified such needs as the need for firewood, which is the main source of energy in the rural areas, the need for food, the need for clean drinking water, the need for building materials," she explained. "As you can see, all of those are fruits of the land. At that time also there was soil erosion because of deforestation of the upstream, especially up on the mountains. So I got this idea almost in passing that if we planted the trees we would be able to address some of these needs that the women had and we would be able to stabilize the soil. We started that way, but eventually it moved to other areas. It moved to issues of democracy, issues of human rights, women's rights, issues of peace. But initially it was a very basic activity of meeting the needs of rural women."
马塔伊说：“ 妇女们需要柴火，那是农村地区最重要的能源来源。她们需要食物和清洁的饮用水，还需要建筑材料。可以看出，这些都产自于土地，而当时由于上游的森林被砍伐，尤其是山里树木减少，造成了土壤流失。因此，我立刻想到，如果种树，就可以解决这些妇女的需要，并且可以保护土壤。我们就这样开始了，后来又扩大到其它领域，比如民主、人权、妇女权利以及和平等。而我们的初衷是解决农村妇女的基本需求。”
Initially, Mr. Sharon's plan called for a four-stage withdrawal of all 21 Jewish settlements from Gaza and four small ones from the West Bank to take place in the second half of 2005. Mr. Sharon has said the disengagement is vital for Israel's security. Finance Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, who is one of Mr. Sharon main political rivals within Likud, said he's not opposed to the withdrawal plan, but he wants a slower and more measured approach. Mr. Netanyahu said the withdrawal should be gradual to avoid chaos and the perception that Israel is giving in to terrorism and fleeing from attacks by Palestinian militants.
沙龙最终要从加沙撤走所有21个犹太定居点，并从约旦河西岸撤走4个小型定居点。最初，沙龙的方案分成四个阶段，而且撤离行动原定在2005年后半年开始进行。沙龙说，他的撤离方案对以色列的安全来说至关重要。沙龙在利库德集团内的主要政治对手、以色列财政部长内塔尼亚胡表示，他不反对撤离方案，但是他希望撤离行动能够放缓步骤，并有条不紊地进行。内塔尼亚胡说：撤离行动要循序渐进，以避免混乱，而且不要让人误认为以色列是在向恐怖主义屈服、是在巴勒斯坦激进分子的攻击面前临阵脱逃。
College student Ahmed Ali said that this is the first time he has heard of the national council.He added that the most important thing is holding a free election to choose a government that will represent all Iraqis, not like the former regime, which only represented a few. The main thing, he says, is that the election should be honest.
大学生阿里说，这是他第一次听说全国委员会。他说：“最重要的就是自由选举，选出一个能代表所有伊拉克人民的政府，而不是象以前的政体，仅仅代表少数人。主要的就是有一个诚实的选举。”
族 group（主族：main group）
European Main Ports EMPs 欧洲主要口岸
Crankshaft main bearing 曲轴主轴承
Main-bearing 主轴承
Main-bearing journals 主轴颈
Main gallery 主油道
HS38052000
Pine oil containing alpha-terpined as the main constituent
以α萜品醇为基本成分的松油
Main sail Slider
Main sail Slider
Main sail Slider
为什么……？第一个原因是……；第二个原因是……；第三个原因是……。总的来说，……的主要原因是由于……
Why______? The first reason is that ______.The second reason is ______.The third is的______.For all this, the main cause of ______due to ______.
main manifold 主集流脉
C34.0
Main bronchus
Carina
Hilus (of lung)
主支气管
脊
（ 肺 ） 门
This block contains a wide variety of disorders that differ
in severity and clinical form but that are all attributable to the use of one or more
psychoactive substances, which may or may not have been medically prescribed. The third
character of the code identifies the substance involved, and the fourth character
specifies the clinical state. The codes should be used, as required, for each substance
specified, but it should be noted that not all fourth-character codes are applicable to
all substances.
Identification of the psychoactive substance should be based on as many sources of
information as possible. These include self-report data, analysis of blood and other body
fluids, characteristic physical and psychological symptoms, clinical signs and behaviour,
and other evidence such as a drug being in the patient's possession or reports from
informed third parties. Many drug users take more than one type of psychoactive substance.
The main diagnosis should be classified, whenever possible, according to the substance or
class of substances that has caused or contributed most to the presenting clinical
syndrome. Other diagnoses should be coded when other psychoactive substances have been
taken in intoxicating amounts (common fourth character .0) or to the extent of causing
harm (common fourth character .1), dependence (common fourth character .2) or other
disorders (common fourth character .3-.9).
Only in cases in which patterns of psychoactive substance-taking are chaotic and
indiscriminate, or in which the contributions of different psychoactive substances are
inextricably mixed, should the diagnosis of disorders resulting from multiple drug use
(F19.-) be used.
Excludes: abuse of non-dependence-producing substances (F55)
The following fourth-character subdivisions are for use with categories F10-F19:
本节包含了几种不同严重程度与临床型态的疾病 ，
这些疾病均因由於使用一种或更多的精神作用物质
所引起。这些药物可能由医师处方或自行使用。本
节用第 ３ 码代表特定的物质 ， 第 ４ 码表示临床状况
； 这些号码可用来代表特定物质所造成的精神状态
， 但需注意不是所有的号码都能应用在每个物质上
。
对於精神作用物质使用与否的界定要尽可能运用多
种的临床资讯 ， 这些包含患者自我陈述的资料 ， 血
液与其他体液检体的客观分析 ， 特殊之身体与心理
症状、临床候、行为表现、以及其他资料 ， 如在病
人身上发现药物 ， 或第叁者提供的报告。许多药物
使用者服用不止一种的药品 ， 但在主要的诊断方面
仍应依据与临床状况最相关的药物 （ 或同一类的药
物 ） 加以分类。当其他精神作用物质之使用量引起
中毒 （第 4 码 .0） ， 引起伤害 （第 4 码.1） ， 依赖 （第 4 码.2）
或其他障碍 （第 4 码.3-.9） 时 ， 也要把其他精神作用物
质相关之诊断加以记述。
只有当精神作用物质的使用型态非常混乱且不易分
辨 ， 或者使用的不同药物对临床表现之影响相当的
复杂时 ， 才诊断为由於使用多种药物引起之精神疾
病 （F19.－）
不包含 ： 非成瘾性药物的滥用 （F55）
下面第 ４ 码之分类要与 F10-F19 之各类别诊断一起使用
：
F23.3
Other acute predominantly delusional psychotic disorders
Acute psychotic disorders in which comparatively stable delusions or hallucinations are
the main clinical features, but do not justify a diagnosis of schizophrenia (F20.-). If
the delusions persist the diagnosis should be changed to persistent delusional disorder
(F22.-).
Paranoid reaction
Psychogenic paranoid psychosis
其他妄想为主之急性精神病症
一种急性精神病 ， 以比较稳定的妄想或幻觉为主要
症状 ， 但并不符合精神分裂症的诊断准则 (F20.-) 。若
妄想症状持续 ， 诊断应更换为持续性妄想症 (F22.-) 。
妄想性反应
心因性妄想性精神病症
F41 .0
Panic disorder [episodic paroxysmal anxiety]
The essential feature is recurrent attacks of severe anxiety (panic), which are not
restricted to any particular situation or set of circumstances and are therefore
unpredictable. As with other anxiety disorders, the dominant symptoms include sudden onset
of palpitations, chest pain, choking sensations, dizziness, and feelings of unreality
(depersonalization or derealization). There is often also a secondary fear of dying,
losing control, or going mad. Panic disorder should not be given as the main diagnosis if
the patient has a depressive disorder at the time the attacks start; in these
circumstances the panic attacks are probably secondary to depression.
Panic:
. attack
. state
Excludes: panic disorder with agoraphobia (F40.0)
恐慌症 （ 阵发性突发焦虑 ）
基本现象是重覆发作的严重焦虑 ( 恐慌 ) ， 其发生不
限於任何情境或环境 ， 所以是不可预期的。和其他
焦虑症一样 ， 主要症状是突然的心悸、胸痛、窒息
感 ， 头晕和不真实感 （ 自我感丧失或现实感丧失 ）
等。有次发性的害怕死亡、失去控制或发狂。若恐
慌发作时同时有郁症 ， 则不应诊断恐慌症 ， 因为它
可能是郁症之续发症状而已。
恐慌发作或恐慌状态
不包含 ： 伴有惧旷之恐慌症 （F40.0) 。
F44.0
Dissociative amnesia
The main feature is loss of memory, usually of important recent events, that is not due to
organic mental disorder, and is too great to be explained by ordinary forgetfulness or
fatigue. The amnesia is usually centred on traumatic events, such as accidents or
unexpected bereavements, and is usually partial and selective. Complete and generalized
amnesia is rare, and is usually part of a fugue (F44.1). If this is the case, the disorder
should be classified as such. The diagnosis should not be made in the presence of organic
brain disorders, intoxication, or excessive fatigue.
Excludes: alcohol- or other psychoactive substance-induced amnesic disorder (F10-F19 with
common fourth character .6)
amnesia:
. NOS (R41.3)
. anterograde (R41.1)
. retrograde (R41.2)
nonalcoholic organic amnesic syndrome (F04)
postictal amnesia in epilepsy (G40.-)
解离性失忆症
主要特徵是失去记忆 ， 尤其最近发生的事件。它并
非由器质性脑病引起而且其严重度也无法以一般的
记性不好或疲劳来解释。失忆内容通常针对受创伤
的事件如意外事故或不预期的死别事件 ， 并且通常
是部份或选择性的。完整的或广泛性的失忆是罕见
的 ， 它一般属游走症的一部份 ， 若果真如此 ， 则列
属 F44.1 。有器质性精神疾病时 ， 不应下此诊断。
不包含 ： 酒精或其他兴奋剂引起的失忆 （F10-F19 ， 伴有
共同第四码.6）
失忆症 ：
． 其他未明示的失忆症 （R41.3）
． 前行性失忆 （R41.1）
． 退行性失忆 （R41.2）
非酒精性器质性失忆 （F04）
癫痫发作後忆 （G40.-） 。
F45
Somatoform disorders
The main feature is repeated presentation of physical symptoms together with persistent
requests for medical investigations, in spite of repeated negative findings and
reassurances by doctors that the symptoms have no physical basis. If any physical
disorders are present, they do not explain the nature and extent of the symptoms or the
distress and preoccupation of the patient.
Excludes: dissociative disorders (F44.-)
hair-plucking (F98.4)
lalling (F80.O)
lisping (F80.8)
nail-biting (F98.8)
psychological or behavioural factors associated with disorders or diseases classified
elsewhere (F54)
sexual dysfunction, not caused by organic disorder or disease (F52.-)
thumb-sucking (F98.8)
tic disorders (in childhood and adolescence) (F95.-)
Tourette's syndrome (F95.2)
trichotillomania (F63.3)
拟身体障碍症
主要特徵是重复地表现出身体症状 ， 一直要做身体
检查 ， 虽然检查结果是正常的 ， 且医师已保证不是
生理原因引起此症状。即使有身体疾病存在 ， 也无
法解释病患症状的性质和程度或病患的痛苦及彼等
全神贯注於此症状之状况。
不包含 ： 解离症 （F44.-）
拔发 （F98.4）
讲音障碍 （F80.0）
口齿不清 （F80.8）
咬指甲 （F98.8）
他处已归类之身体障碍或身体疾病相关之心理或行
为因素 （F54）
非器质性之性功能障碍症 （F52.-）
吮姆指 （F98.8）
抽搐症 （ 儿童及青春期 ） （F95）
土雷徵候群 （F95.2）
拔毛症 （F63.3） 。
F45.0
Somatization disorder
The main features are multiple, recurrent and frequently changing physical symptoms of at
least two years' duration. Most patients have a long and complicated history of contact
with both primary and specialist medical care services, during which many negative
investigations or fruitless exploratory operations may have been carried out. Symptoms may
be referred to any part or system of the body. The course of the disorder is chronic and
fluctuating, and is often associated with disruption of social, interpersonal, and family
behaviour. Short-lived (less than two years) and less striking symptom patterns should be
classified under undifferentiated somatoform disorder (F45.1).
Multiple psychosomatic disorder
Excludes: malingering [conscious simulation] (Z76.5)
身体化症
主要特徵是多重的 ， 再发的且频繁变化的身体症状
， 至少持续二年。大多数病人有一个既长又复杂的
病史 ， 他们在基层或专科医疗中作过许多结果正常
的检查或是毫无成果的手术。在身体的任何部位都
可能有症状。病程是慢性化及起伏不定的 ， 经常伴
有社会、人际间及家庭生活上的障碍。较短暂的 （
例如少於二年的 ） 和较不明显的症状两类型最好归
在未分化拟身体障碍症 （F45.1）
多重心身症。
不包含 ： 诈病〔意识操作〕 （Z76.5） 。
F45.4
Persistent somatoform pain disorder
The predominant complaint is of persistent, severe, and distressing pain, which cannot be
explained fully by a physiological process or a physical disorder, and which occurs in
association with emotional . conflict or psychosocial problems that are sufficient to
allow the t conclusion that they are the main causative influences. The result is usually
a marked increase in support and attention, either personal or medical. Pain presumed to
be of psychogenic origin occurring during the course of depressive disorders or
schizophrenia should not be included here.
Psychalgia
Psychogenic:
. backache
. headache
Somatoform pain disorder
Excludes: backache NOS (M54.9)
pain:
. NOS (R52.9)
. acute (R52.0)
. chronic (R52.2)
. intractable (R52.1)
tension headache (G44.2)
持久拟身体疼痛症
病人会主诉持续 ， 严重且难过的痛 ， 无法完全以生
理机转或身体疾患来解释 ， 而可以确定是由情绪冲
突或心理社会问题所引起的 ， 其结果平常是显着增
加他人或医疗上的支持与注意。必须排除由忧郁症
或精神分裂症病程中所引起的心因性疼痛。
心因性疼痛
心因性背痛或头痛
拟身体障碍疼痛疾患。
不包含 ： 背痛 ， 其他未明示者 （M54.9）
疼痛 ：
． 其他未明示者 （R52.9）
． 急性 (R52.0)
． 慢性 (R52.2)）
． 顽固性 （R52.1）
紧张性头痛 （G44.2） 。
F45.8 Other somatoform disorders
Any other disorders of sensation, function and behaviour, not due to physical disorders,
which are not mediated through the autonomic nervous system, which are limited to specific
systems or parts of the body, and which are closely associated in time with stressful
events or problems.
Psychogenic:
. dysmenorrhoea
. dysphagia, including "glouss hysteri us"
. pruritus
. torticollis
Teeth-grinding
其他拟身体障碍症 :
包含其他非器质性的感觉功能与行为障碍。这些症
状与神经系统无关 ， 只局限於某特定器官系统或某
部位 ， 且其发生此等在时间上与压力事件或问题有
密切关联。
心因性 :
． 痛经症
． 吞困难
． 搔痒症斜颈
磨牙
F48.0
Neurasthenia
Considerable cultural variations occur in the presentation of this disorder, and two main
types occur, with substantial overlap. In one type, the main feature is a complaint of
increased fatigue after mental effort, often associated with some decrease in occupational
performance or coping efficiency in daily tasks. The mental fatiguability is typically
described as an unpleasant intrusion of distracting associations or recollections,
difficulty in concentrating, and generally inefficient thinking. In the other type, the
emphasis is on feelings of bodily or physical weakness and exhaustion after only minimal
effort, accompanied by a feeling of muscular aches and pains and inability to relax. In
both types a variety of other unpleasant physical feelings is common, such as dizziness,
tension headaches, and feelings of general instability. Worry about decreasing mental and
bodily well-being, irritability, anhedonia, and varying minor degrees of both depression
and anxiety are all common. Sleep is often disturbed in its initial and middle phases but
hypersomnia may also be prominent.
Fatigue syndrome
Use additional code, if desired, to identify previous physical illness.
Excludes: asthenia NOS (R53)
burn-out (Z73.0)
malaise and fatigue (R53)
postviral fatigue syndrome (G93.3)
psychasthenia (F48.8)
神经衰弱症
此疾患之出现有相当不同的文化背景因素 ， 而可见
两类 ， 但重叠性高。第一类之主要表现在精神活动
之後抱怨的疲惫感 ， 常伴随工作表现或每天日常生
活效率的减低。典型的精神疲惫状况可以时常以侵
入不愉快且不相关的联想、集中注意力困难及完全
无效率的思考等来描述。第二类即强调在稍微活动
之後 ， 发生身体衰弱及耗竭感 ， 伴随肌肉疼痛及无
法放松。这两类病况常会伴随出现其他各种身体不
舒服的感觉 ， 如头晕、紧张性头痛及全身违和的感
觉。担忧心身健康会持续下降、易怒、快乐感缺失
、及轻微程度的焦虑与忧郁等都是常见的。睡眠的
初期及中期常出障碍 ， 但可能也有过度睡眠的情况
。
疲倦徵候群
若先前有其他身体疾病 ， 可以加以标示。
不包含 ： 无力 ， 其他未明示者 （R53）
过劳 （Z73.0）
疲惫 （R53）
病毒感染後疲惫徵候群 （G93.3）
精神衰弱症 （F48.8）
F48.1
Depersonalization-derealization syndrome
A rare disorder in which the patient complains spontaneously that his or her mental
activity, body, and surroundings are changed in their quality, so as to be unreal, remote,
or automatized. Among the varied phenomena of the syndrome, patients complain most
frequently of loss of emotions and feelings of estrangement or detachment from their
thinking, their body, or the real world. In spite of the dramatic nature of the
experience, the patient is aware of the unreality of the change. The sensorium is normal
and the capacity for emotional expression intact. Depersonalization-derealization symptoms
may occur as part of a diagnosable schizophrenic, depressive, phobic, or
obsessive-compulsive disorder. In such cases the diagnosis should be that of the main
disorder.
失我 － 失实徵候群 ：
一种疾患 ， 病人会抱怨在他自己精神活动、身体及
或周遭环境的性质有改变 ， 变得失真、变远或自动
化。此徵候群之众多症状中 ， 最常呈现之症状是情
绪丧失、与思考、身体、周边真实世界隔离感或疏
远之感觉。虽然此经验是戏剧性性质 ， 患者明知此
变化之非真实性。意识清醒、情绪表现正常。失我
－ 失实症状可发生於忧郁症、畏惧症、强迫症或精
神分裂症 ， 此时後者仍需列为主要诊断。
F61
Mixed and other personality disorders
This category is intended for personality disorders that are often troublesome but do not
demonstrate the specific pattern of symptoms that characterize the disorders described in
F60.-. As a result they are often more difficult to diagnose than the disorders in F60.-.
Examples include:
. mixed personality disorders with features of several of the disorders in F60.- but
without a predominant set of symptoms that would allow a more specific diagnosis
. troublesome personality changes, not classifiable to F60.- or F62.-, and regarded as
secondary to a main diagnosis of a coexisting affective or anxiety disorder.
Excludes: accentuated personality traits (Z73.1)
混合型及其馀型式人格违常
这里所讨论的人格违常 ， 不同於 F60.- 各种各具特异症
状的人格违常 ， 而是较困难 ， 较麻烦的一类。与 F60
相较之下 ， 这里所讨论的人格违常较难诊断。
包含以下实例 ：
． 混合 F60 中几种人格违常的表现 ， 但无较优势之几
个症状 ， 足以归纳於某一特定人格违常疾病之诊断
。
． 较麻烦困难的人格改变 ， 并不能分类到 F60.- 或 F62.-
， 并可视之为续发於某种并存的情感性疾病或焦虑
性疾病。
不包含 ： 突显性人格特质
F81.0
Specific reading disorder
The main feature is a specific and significant impairment in the development of reading
skills that is not solely accounted for by mental age, visual acuity problems, or
inadequate schooling. Reading comprehension skill, reading word recognition, oral reading
skill, and performance of tasks requiring reading may all be affected. Spelling
difficulties are frequently associated with specific reading disorder and often remain
into adolescence even after some progress in reading has been made. Specific developmental
disorders of reading are commonly preceded by a history of disorders in speech or language
development. Associated emotional and behavioural disturbances are common during the
school age period.
"Backward reading"
Developmental dyslexia
Specific reading retardation
Excludes: alexia NOS (R48.0)
dyslexia NOS (R48.0)
reading difficulties secondary to emotional disorders (F93.-)
特定阅读障碍症
最主要的特徵为在阅读技巧的发展上有特定显着的
障碍 ， 无法完全以心智年龄、视力问题或就学不当
来解释。阅读理解技巧、阅读认字、口头阅读技巧
及需要阅读的技能都可能受到影响。拼音困难常伴
随特定阅读障碍出现 ， 而且经常到了青少年期即使
阅读能力有所进步时 ， 仍有持续存在有拼音困难。
特定阅读发展障碍症常有早期语言发展障碍症的病
史。学龄期常合并情绪或行为困扰。
＂ 阅读落後 ″
发展性读字困难症
特定阅读迟滞 ：
不包含 ：
後天性读字困难症 ， 其他未明示者 (R48.0)
续发於情绪困扰的後天性阅读困难 (F93.-)
F81.1
Specific spelling disorder
The main feature is a specific and significant impairment in the development of spelling
skills in the absence of a history of specific reading disorder, which is not solely
accounted for by low mental age, visual acuity problems, or inadequate schooling. The
ability to spell orally and to write out words correctly are both affected.
Specific spelling retardation (without reading disorder)
Excludes: agraphia NOS (R48.8)
spelling difficulties:
. associated with a reading disorder (F81.0)
. due to inadequate teaching (Z55.8)
特定拼音障碍症
这种障碍症的主要特徵为没有特定阅读障碍症之病
史 ， 同时有无法完全以心智年龄偏低 ， 视力问题或
就学不当来解释的一种特定且显着的拼音技巧发展
障碍。用口语拼字或用文字拼字能力都受到影响。
特定拼音迟滞 （ 无阅读障碍 ）
不包含 ： 其他未明示的拼音障碍症 (R48.8)
拼音因难 ：
． 合并阅读障碍症的拼音困难 (F81.0)
． 主要由於教学不当导致的拼音困难 (Z55.8)
F82
Specific developmental disorder of motor function
A disorder in which the main feature is a serious impairment in the development of motor
coordination that is not solely explicable in terms of general intellectual retardation or
of any specific congenital or acquired neurological disorder. Nevertheless, in most cases
a careful clinical examination shows marked neurodevelopmental immaturities such as
choreiform movements of unsupported limbs or mirror movements and other associated motor
features, as well as signs of impaired fine and gross motor coordination. Clumsy child
syndrome
Developmental:
. coordination disorder
. dyspraxia
Excludes: abnormalities of gait and mobility (R26.-)
lack of coordination (R27.-)
. secondary to mental retardation (F70-F79)
特定运动功能发展障碍症
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