illness [ 'ilnis] n.病，疾病
die of illness 病死
illness ['ilnis] n. 疾病
insurance during a period of illness 疾病保险
Moreover, children will have less time to play and communicate with their peers due to extra studies, consequently, it is difficult to develop and cultivate their character and interpersonal skills. They may become more solitary and even suffer from certain mental illness.
而且，由于要额外地学习，孩子们没有多少时间和同龄的孩子玩耍和交流，很难培养他们的个性和交际能力。他们可能变得孤僻甚至产生某些心理疾病。
He has reached a crisis in his illness.
他的病情已十分危急。
Bad food is a source of illness.
变质的食物是得病的原因。
His illness accounted for his not being here yesterday.
他的病是他昨天缺席的原因。
She faked illness so that she did not have to go to school.
她假装生病，这样她就不用上学了。
The child's illness resulted from eating unclean food.
他那孩子的病是由于吃了不洁净的食物。
With illness, her strength drained away.
她生病了，身体很虚弱。
He made no reference to his illness till after the lesson.
他到下课后才提到他生病了。
In spite of the chairman's illness, the meeting will go ahead as planned.
尽管主席生病了，但会议仍照计划继续进行。
His illness accounts for his absence.
他因为生病，所以才缺席。
What caused his illness?
是什么使他生病？
His illness was more serious than the doctor first thought.
他的病较医生原来以为的更严重。
Unhappiness is the root cause of his illness.
不开心是他生病的根源。
你站在我的立场上想想。
Put yourself in my shoes. *直译是“把你的脚放到我的鞋里试试?”，即“你站到我的立场上考虑考虑。”
We will not take your illness into consideration. (我们没考虑到你生病。)
Put yourself in my shoes. (你们该为我想想。)
Try to see it from my point of view.
Try to see it my way.
People who cannot find time for recreation are obliged sooner or later to find time for illness.
John Wanamaker,American merchant
腾不出时间娱乐的人，早晚会被迫腾出时间生病。
美国商人霍梅克.J.
The future is just old age and illness and pain …I must have peace and health. This is the only way.
James Whale, American director
未来不过是年事已高、疾病和痛苦……我一定要拥有平和与健康，这是唯一的路。
美国电影导演威尔J
"Major medical" insurance policies are designed to help offset heavy medical expenses that can result from a prolonged illness or serious injury.
“巨额医药费保险”旨在协助减轻久病及重伤所造成的重大医药开支。
疾病 malady; disease; ill; illness; infirmity; sickness; ailment
毛病 shortcoming; fault; illness; trouble; defect
生病 illness; sicken; ail
暴病 [bào bìng] /sudden attack of a serious illness/
暴卒 [bào zú] /die of sudden illness/die suddenly/
辩证施治 [biàn zhèng shī zhì] /diagnosis and treatment based on an overall analysis of the illness and the patient's condition/
表证 [biǎo zhèng] /illness that has not attacked the vital organs of the human body/
病 [bìng] /ailment/sickness/illness/disease/fall ill/sick/defect/
病从口入 [bìng cóng kǒu rù] /illness finds its way in by the mouth/
病倒 [bìng dǎo] /be down with an illness/be laid up/
病根 [bìng gēn] /an incompletely cured illness/an old complaint/the root cause of trouble/
病故 [bìng gù] /die of an illness/
病机 [bìng jī] /interpretation of the cause/onset and process of an illness/pathogenesis/
病况 [bìng kuàng] /state of an illness/patient's condition/
病例 [bìng lì] /[medical] case [of illness]/
病魔 [bìng mó] /serious illness/
病情 [bìng qíng] /state of an illness/patient's condition/
病势 [bìng shì] /degree of seriousness of an illness/patient's condition/
病痛 [bìng tòng] /slight illness/indisposition/ailment/
病愈 [bìng yù] /recover (from an illness)/
病症 [bìng zhèng] /disease/illness/
笃 [dǔ] /serious (illness)/sincere/true/
发烧 [fā shāo] /have a high temperature (from illness)/have a fever/
患 [huàn] /misfortune/suffer (from illness)/trouble/danger/worry/to contract (a disease)/
痪 [huàn] /illness/numbness of the limbs/
精神疾病 [jīng shén jí bìng] /mental illness/
痊 [quán] /recover (from illness)/
胃病 [wèi bìng] /stomach trouble/stomach illness/
症 [zhèng] /disease/illness/
症状 [zhèng zhuàng] /symptom (of an illness)/
治病 [zhì bìng] /treat an illness/
{adj: acute} having or experiencing a rapid onset and short but severe course
"acute appendicitis"
"the acute phase of the illness"
"acute patients"
<-> chronic
{adj: advanced} comparatively late in a course of development
"the illness had reached an advanced stage"
"an advanced state of exhaustion"
{adj: ailing, indisposed, peaked, poorly, sickly, unwell, under the weather, seedy} somewhat ill or prone to illness
"my poor ailing grandmother"
"feeling a bit indisposed today"
"you look a little peaked"
"feeling poorly"
"a sickly child"
"is unwell and can't come to work"
{adj: aphonic, voiceless} being without sound through injury or illness and thus incapable of all but whispered speech
{adj: ashen, blanched, bloodless, livid, white} anemic looking from illness or emotion
"a face turned ashen"
"the invalid's blanched cheeks"
"tried to speak with bloodless lips"
"a face livid with shock"
"lips...livid with the hue of death"- Mary W. Shelley
"lips white with terror"
"a face white with rage"
{adj: asymptomatic, symptomless} having no symptoms of illness or disease
{adj: bedfast, bedridden, bedrid, sick-abed} confined to bed (by illness)
{adj: bipolar} of or relating to manic depressive illness
{adj: bodily, corporal, corporeal, somatic} affecting or characteristic of the body as opposed to the mind or spirit
"bodily needs"
"a corporal defect"
"corporeal suffering"
"a somatic symptom or somatic illness"
{adj: catastrophic, ruinous} extremely harmful; bringing physical or financial ruin
"a catastrophic depression"
"catastrophic illness"
"a ruinous course of action"
{adj: continuous, uninterrupted} continuing in time or space without interruption
"a continuous rearrangement of electrons in the solar atoms results in the emission of light"- James Jeans
"a continuous bout of illness lasting six months"
"lived in continuous fear"
"a continuous row of warehouses"
"a continuous line has no gaps or breaks in it"
"moving midweek holidays to the nearest Monday or Friday allows uninterrupted work weeks"
<-> discontinuous
{adj: convalescent, recovering} returning to health after illness or debility
"convalescent children are difficult to keep in bed"
{adj: critical} being in or verging on a state of crisis or emergency
"a critical shortage of food"
"a critical illness"
"an illness at the critical stage"
<-> noncritical
{adj: cured, healed, recovered} freed from illness or injury
"the patient appears cured"
"the incision is healed"
"appears to be entirely recovered"
"when the recovered patient tries to remember what occurred during his delirium"- Normon Cameron
{adj: dangerous, grave, grievous, serious, severe, life-threatening} causing fear or anxiety by threatening great harm
"a dangerous operation"
"a grave situation"
"a grave illness"
"grievous bodily harm"
"a serious wound"
"a serious turn of events"
"a severe case of pneumonia"
"a life-threatening disease"
{adj: deadly, deathly, mortal} causing or capable of causing death
"a fatal accident"
"a deadly enemy"
"mortal combat"
"a mortal illness"
{adj: degenerative} (of illness) marked by gradual deterioration of organs and cells along with loss of function
"degenerative diseases of old age"
{adj: desperate, dire} fraught with extreme danger; nearly hopeless
"a desperate illness"
"on all fronts the Allies were in a desperate situation due to lack of materiel"- G.C.Marshall
"a dire emergency"
{adj: disabled, handicapped} markedly unable to function as a consequence of injury or illness
{adj: gruff, hoarse, husky} deep and harsh sounding as if from shouting or illness or emotion
"gruff voices"
"the dog's gruff barking"
"hoarse cries"
"makes all the instruments sound powerful but husky"- Virgil Thomson
{adj: homebound, housebound, shut-in} confined usually by illness
{adj: inactive} not active physically or mentally
"illness forced him to live an inactive life"
"dreamy and inactive by nature"
<-> active
{adj: laid low, stricken} put out of action (by illness)
{adj: major} of greater seriousness or danger
"a major earthquake"
"a major hurricane"
"a major illness"
<-> minor
{adj: maniclike} resembling the mania of manic-depressive illness
{adj: mentally ill, unsound, unstable} suffering from severe mental illness
"of unsound mind"
{adj: mental} affected by a disorder of the mind
"a mental patient"
"mental illness"
{adj: premature, untimely} uncommonly early or before the expected time
"illness led to his premature death"
"alcohol brought him to an untimely end"
{adj: prolonged} (of illness) developing slowly or of long duration
{adj: psychosomatic} used of illness or symptoms resulting from neurosis
{adj: ravaging} ruinously destructive and wasting
"a ravaging illness"
{adj: real, existent} being or occurring in fact or actuality; having verified existence; not illusory
"real objects"
"real people; not ghosts"
"a film based on real life"
"a real illness"
"real humility"
"Life is real! Life is earnest!"- Longfellow
<-> unreal
{adj: sedentary} requiring sitting or little activity
"forced by illness to lead a sedentary life"
{adj: shriveled, shrivelled, shrunken, withered, wizen, wizened} lean and wrinkled by shrinkage as from age or illness
"the old woman's shriveled skin"
"he looked shriveled and ill"
"a shrunken old man"
"a lanky scarecrow of a man with withered face and lantern jaws"-W.F.Starkie
"he did well despite his withered arm"
"a wizened little man with frizzy grey hair"
{adj: wan} lacking vitality as from weariness or illness or unhappiness
"a wan smile"
{adj: well} in good health especially after having suffered illness or injury
"appears to be entirely well"
"the wound is nearly well"
"a well man"
"I think I'm well; at least I feel well"
<-> ill
{n: Gulf War syndrome, Persian Gulf illness} a medical condition of uncertain origin that affected many veterans of the 1991 Gulf War; characterized by fatigue and headache and dizziness and nausea and rashes and joint pain and respiratory disorders
{n: Marburg disease, Marburg hemorrhagic fever, green monkey disease} a viral disease of green monkeys caused by the Marburg virus; when transmitted to humans it causes serious or fatal illness
{n: Munchausen's syndrome, Munchausen syndrome} syndrome consisting of feigning acute and dramatic illness for which no clinical evidence is ever found
{n: Paracelsus, Philippus Aureolus Paracelsus, Theophrastus Philippus Aureolus Bombastus von Hohenheim} Swiss physician who introduced treatments of particular illnesses based on his observation and experience; he saw illness as having an external cause (rather than an imbalance of humors) and replaced traditional remedies with chemical remedies (1493-1541)
{n: adynamia} lack of strength or vigor (especially from illness)
{n: alienism} an obsolete term for the study and treatment of mental illness
{n: alienist} a psychiatrist and specialist in the legal aspects of mental illness
{n: bipolar disorder, manic depression, manic depressive illness, manic-depressive psychosis} a mental disorder characterized by episodes of mania and depression
{n: birth trauma} emotional injury inflicted on an infant by events incident to birth that is alleged to appear in symbolic form in patients with mental illness
{n: bout} a period of illness
"a bout of fever"
"a bout of depression"
{n: care} a cause for feeling concern
"his major care was the illness of his wife"
{n: catastrophic illness} severe illness requiring prolonged hospitalization or recovery; usually involves high costs for hospitals and doctors and medicines
{n: catching, contracting} becoming infected
"catching cold is sometimes unavoidable"
"the contracting of a serious illness can be financially catastrophic"
{n: chemotherapy} the use of chemical agents to treat or control disease (or mental illness)
{n: convalescent} a person who is recovering from illness
{n: effect} a symptom caused by an illness or a drug
"the effects of sleep loss"
"the effect of the anesthetic"
{n: emergency medicine} the branch of medicine concerned with the prompt diagnosis and treatment of injuries or trauma or sudden illness
{n: encopresis} involuntary defecation not attributable to physical defects or illness
{n: euthanasia, mercy killing} the act of killing someone painlessly (especially someone suffering from an incurable illness)
{n: extended care facility} a medical institution that provides prolonged care (as in cases of prolonged illness or rehabilitation from acute illness)
{n: food poisoning, gastrointestinal disorder} illness caused by poisonous or contaminated food
{n: general practitioner, GP} a physician who is not a specialist but treats all illnesses
{n: health professional, health care provider, caregiver} a person who helps in identifying or preventing or treating illness or disability
{n: health, wellness} a healthy state of wellbeing free from disease
"physicians should be held responsible for the health of their patients"
<-> illness, unwellness
{n: healthcare, health care} the preservation of mental and physical health by preventing or treating illness through services offered by the health profession
{n: hemorrhagic fever, haemorrhagic fever, viral hemorrhagic fever, viral haemorrhagic fever, VHF} a group of illnesses caused by a viral infection (usually restricted to a specific geographic area); fever and gastrointestinal symptoms are followed by capillary hemorrhage
{n: hygiene, hygienics} the science concerned with the prevention of illness and maintenance of health
{n: illness, unwellness, malady, sickness} impairment of normal physiological function affecting part or all of an organism
<-> wellness
{n: indisposition} a slight illness
{n: invalid, shut-in} someone who is incapacitated by a chronic illness or injury
{n: jactitation, jactation} (pathology) extremely restless tossing and twitching usually by a person with a severe illness
{n: living will} a document written by someone still legally capable requesting that they should be allowed to die if subsequently severely disabled or suffering terminal illness
"after he discovered he had AIDS he drew up a living will"
{n: malingerer, skulker, shammer} someone shirking their duty by feigning illness or incapacity
{n: manic-depressive} a person afflicted with manic-depressive illness
{n: medical care, medical aid} professional treatment for illness or injury
{n: mental disorder, mental disturbance, disturbance, psychological disorder, folie} (psychiatry) a psychological disorder of thought or emotion; a more neutral term than mental illness
{n: mental health} the psychological state of someone who is functioning at a satisfactory level of emotional and behavioral adjustment
<-> mental illness
{n: mental illness, mental disease, psychopathy} any disease of the mind; the psychological state of someone who has emotional or behavioral problems serious enough to require psychiatric intervention
<-> mental health
{n: occupational hazard} any condition of a job that can result in illness or injury
{n: ozone sickness} illness that can occur to persons exposed to ozone in high-altitude aircraft; characterized by sleepiness and headache and chest pains and itchiness
{n: poison, toxicant, poisonous substance} any substance that causes injury or illness or death of a living organism
{n: preventive, preventative, prophylactic} remedy that prevents or slows the course of an illness or disease
"the doctor recommended several preventatives"
{n: rally} a marked recovery of strength or spirits during an illness
{n: respiratory disease, respiratory illness, respiratory disorder} a disease affecting the respiratory system
{n: security, protection} defense against financial failure; financial independence
"his pension gave him security in his old age"
"insurance provided protection against loss of wages due to illness"
{n: seriousness, distressfulness} the quality of arousing fear or distress
"he learned the seriousness of his illness"
{n: sick leave} a leave of absence from work because of illness
{n: sick person, diseased person, sufferer} a person suffering from an illness
{n: sports medicine} the branch of medicine concerned with the treatment of injuries or illness resulting from athletic activities
{n: touch, spot} a slight attack of illness
"he has a touch of rheumatism"
{n: treatment} care by procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury
{n: tremor, shudder} an involuntary vibration (as if from illness or fear)
{n: yerba santa, Eriodictyon californicum} viscid evergreen shrub of western United States with white to deep lilac flowers; the sticky aromatic leaves are used in treating bronchial and pulmonary illnesses
{v: attest, certify, manifest, demonstrate, evidence} provide evidence for ; stand as proof of ; show by one's behavior, attitude, or external attributes
"His high fever attested to his illness"
"The buildings in Rome manifest a high level of architectural sophistication"
"This decision demonstrates his sense of fairness"
{v: bespeak, betoken, indicate, point, signal} be a signal for or a symptom of
"These symptoms indicate a serious illness"
"Her behavior points to a severe neurosis"
"The economic indicators signal that the euro is undervalued"
{v: break down, collapse} collapse due to fatigue, an illness, or a sudden attack
{v: continue, persist in} carry forward
"We continued our research into the cause of the illness"
{v: contract, take, get} be stricken by an illness, fall victim to an illness
"He got AIDS"
"She came down with pneumonia"
"She took a chill"
{v: deny} refuse to accept or believe
"He denied his fatal illness"
{v: diagnose, name} determine or distinguish the nature of a problem or an illness through a diagnostic analysis
{v: distress} cause mental pain to
"The news of her child's illness distressed the mother"
{v: haunt, obsess, ghost} haunt like a ghost ; pursue
"Fear of illness haunts her"
{v: indemnify} secure against future loss, damage, or liability ; give security for
"This plan indemnifies workers against wages lost through illness"
{v: lay up} disable or confine, as with an illness
"She was laid up with pneumonia for six weeks"
{v: nurse} try to cure by special care of treatment, of an illness or injury
"He nursed his cold with Chinese herbs"
{v: predispose} make susceptible
"This illness predisposes you to gain weight"
{v: recuperate, recover, convalesce} get over an illness or shock
"The patient is recuperating"
<-> deteriorate
{v: remedy, relieve} provide relief for
"remedy his illness"
{v: sallow} cause to become sallow
"The illness has sallowed her face"
{v: shorten} make shorter than originally intended ; reduce or retrench in length or duration
"He shortened his trip due to illness"
<-> lengthen
{v: slow, slow down, slow up} cause to proceed more slowly
"The illness slowed him down"
{v: suffer, sustain, have, get} undergo (as of injuries and illnesses)
"She suffered a fracture in the accident"
"He had an insulin shock after eating three candy bars"
"She got a bruise on her leg"
"He got his arm broken in the scuffle"
{v: support, back up} give moral or psychological support, aid, or courage to
"She supported him during the illness"
"Her children always backed her up"
{v: visit} assail
"He was visited with a terrible illness that killed him quickly"
{v: wash out} deplete of strength or vitality
"The illness washed her out"
This was all-consuming, which is the nature of first love, a sensation felt in our very blood, like intoxication or illness.
这是一种销魂夺魄的感觉－初恋所具有的性质，一种甚至在我们血液中感受到的激动，就像喝醉了酒，又像是害了病。
If he asks, should the doctors deny that he is ill, or minimize the gravity of the illness?
要是他问起，医生该对他的病情矢口否认，或者对其疾病的严重性轻描淡写吗？
Studies show that, contrary to the belief of many physicians, an overwhelming majority of patients do want to be told the truth, even about grave illness, and feel betrayed when they learn that they have been misled.
恰恰与很多医师的观点相反，研究表明绝大多数患者确实希望被告知真实病情，哪怕病情严重。一旦得知受到欺骗，他们就有被出卖的感觉。
We are also learning that truthful information, humanely conveyed, helps patients cope with illness: helps them tolerate pain better, need less medicine, and even recover faster after surgery.
我们还得知：富有人情味儿地传达给病人的真实消息会有助于病人妥善处理疾病－帮助他们更好地忍受病痛，更少地服用药物，甚至手术后更快地康复。
We are becoming increasingly aware of all that can befall patients in the course of their illness when information is denied or distorted.
患者生病期间，真相被否认或者被歪曲时，我们会越来越多地意识到他们身上会发生的种种情况。
Despite his illness, O'Neill lived his life to the fullest.
尽管患病，但奥尼尔的生活却很是充实。
The first old chestnut raised was that there would be the cloning of dictators, followed by these possibilities, positive and negative: celebrity cloning, self-cloning, the pre-selection of citizens by the state with its echoes of Aldous Huxley's futuristic novel Brave New World, the reincarnation of dead loved ones, treatment for infertile couples, a route to avoid parental genetic disease being passed on to children and a way to cure terminal illness.
第一个经常被提起的老掉牙的话题是独裁者将可能被克隆，然后就是这些可能发生的事情，既有积极作用的也有消极作用的：名人克隆；自体克隆；仿照奥尔德斯·赫肯黎的未来主义小说《勇敢的新世界》中的做法，国家预先选择公民；使死去的亲人再生；治疗不育夫妇；避免父母的遗传性疾病传给孩子；以及治愈不治之症。
The period of 1918- 1919 saw a decline in his creative endeavour: this coincided with the severe mental illness of his wife.
在 19181919年间，正碰上他妻子患有严重的精神病，他的创造力也明显下降。
There was no silver lining, no moral lesson, no nobility in my mother's illness.
在母亲所患的疾病中，见不到一线希望之光，得不出任何道德教训，也不存在任何高贵之处。
" My wife had been sick for some time with terrible migraines and a friend suggested this meditation to relieve her illness, " said Mr. Singh. "我妻子一度犯有可怕的偏头痛病，一位朋友建议用这种沉思冥想术解除她的病， "辛格先生说。
On the positive side, people and pigs have been living in close contact for thousands of years and only a few illnesses have been passed on to us.
实际上，人类和猪密切相处已有数千年之久，只有少数起源于猪的疾病传染给了人类。
Now more people are taking the trouble to check their own bodies for any signs of illness, thanks to the growing popularity of home-test health kits in the United States.
由于家庭健康试剂盒在美国逐渐普及，现在有更多人不怕麻烦地检查自己身体中是否有任何疾病的信号。
Demographers predict the market for home medical tests in the United States will top $ 3 billion by 2000 as more baby boomers enter their age-related-illness years.
人口统计学家预言，到 2000年，随着美国有更多在生育高峰期出生的人进入与他们的年龄相关疾病的时期，家庭医学测试产品的市场销售量将超过 30亿美元。
Unlike pregnancy, early illness is not always a " yes or no " condition, Agich said.
阿吉奇说，与妊娠不同，早期疾病并不总是处于 "是或非 "的截然状态。
A test result that misses illness is called a false negative;
那种漏掉疾病的测试结果称为假阴性，
a result showing illness when none exists is a false positive.
不存在疾病而显示疾病的结果称为假阳性。
Packages contain illustrated, easy-to-understand information on the condition or illness, how to use the test and when to seek medical attention.
包装中含有有关健康或疾病的易懂的图示信息、如何进行这种测试以及何时需要寻求医疗关照。
Whether the plaques or the tangles triggered the illness or they were both just the most visible effects of some other more obscure process, no one could say for sure.
引发这疾病的是蛋白质斑还是神经元缠结？或者它们只是一更为隐蔽的病因的外在表现？谁也无法回答这些问题。
Both medicines have to be taken within 48 hours of the onset of flu symptoms to be effective, and are said by the companies to be able to cut the duration of the illness by up to 40%, as well as easing the symptoms.
这两药物都必须在流感发作后 48小时之内服用才能产生疗效；两家制药公司都声称各自的产品可以使流感持续的时间缩短 40%，还可以缓解流感症状。
Two million Italians have come down with the illness, while in the Netherlands flu cases were running nine times normal levels.
200万意大利人已经被流感击倒，而在荷兰，患流感的人数比正常情况多了八倍。
Bad breath isn't an illness. It's only a symptom of something else, frequently an illness such as diabetes, or a kidney disorder. It may also be an infection of the sinuses or bronchial tubes or gums.
其实口臭算不上是病，它不过是另外一样东西的症候，但那样东西通常是一种疾病，例如糖尿病或肾炎，还可能是鼻窦炎、支气管炎或牙龈炎。
Another 1998 report by German obesity expert Alfred Wirth, a professor of internal medicine and senior physician at Teutoburgerwald Clinic in Bad Tothenfelde, calculates that $19.4 billion is spent on the treatment of illness which can arise from obesity.
德国巴特托腾费尔德市条顿堡林山诊所的资深医生、内科教授、肥胖症专家艾尔弗雷德·沃思 1998年写的一份报告推算，用于治疗因肥胖症引起的各种疾病花费了 194亿美元。
As the result of an undiagnosed illness, he is unable to speak and barely able to move, but his recently published book is already No. 4 on Amazon.com's best-seller list.
由于患了一种不知名的疾病，马歇尔失去了说话的能力，几乎不能走动，但是他刚刚出版的作品却已经在亚马逊网上书店的畅销书榜上排到了第四名。
spsc-60105916
Understanding childhood illnesses instructional materials
了解儿童疾病指导材料
F02.4*
Dementia in human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] disease (B22.0+)
Dementia developing in the course of HIV disease, in the absence of a concurrent illness
or condition other than HIV infection that could explain the clinical features.
发生於人类免疫缺乏病毒 [HIV] 疾病之痴呆 (B22.0+)
在人类免疫缺乏病毒疾病病程中发生之痴呆 ， 除了
HIV 感染可解释此发现外 ， 并无其他疾病或状况同时
存在。
F06
Other mental disorders due to brain damage and dysfunction and to
physical disease
Includes miscellaneous conditions causally related to brain disorder due to primary
cerebral disease, to systemic disease affecting the brain secondarily, to exogenous toxic
substances or hormones, to endocrine disorders, or to other somatic illnesses.
Excludes: associated with:
. delirium (F05.-)
. dementia as classified in F00-F03
resulting from use of alcohol and other psychoactive substances (F10-F19)
其他由於脑部损伤与功能失调以及身体疾病所导致
之精神疾患
此分类包含肇因於下列种种原因引起脑功能障碍之
种种情况 ， 诸如原发性大脑疾病、续发性地影响脑
部之系统性疾病、诸如库欣氏徵候群之内分泌疾患
或其他身体性疾病、以及某些外因性毒性物质〔但
不包含分类於 F10-F19 中之酒精与药物〕、荷尔蒙或其
他身体疾病。
不包含 ：
． 伴随於谵妄之精神疾患 (F05.-)
． 伴随着分类於 F00-F03 之痴呆的精神疾患
因酒精或其他精神作用物质引起者
F07.0
Organic personality disorder
A disorder characterized by a significant alteration of the habitual patterns of behaviour
displayed by the subject premorbidly, involving the expression of emotions, needs and
impulses. Impairment of cognitive and thought functions, and altered sexuality may also be
PART of the clinical picture.
Organic:
. pseudpsychopathic personality
. pseudoretarded personality
Syndrome:
. frontal lobe
. limbic epilepsy personality
. lobotomy
. postleucotomy
Excludes: enduring personality change after:
. catastrophic experience (F62.0)
. psychiatric illness (F62.1)
postconcussional syndrome (F07.2)
postencephalitic syndrome (F07.1)
specific personality disorder (F60.-)
器质性人格障碍症
此疾患之特徵为病前习性的明显改变。特别是影响
到情绪、需求、与冲动的表现。认知功能的缺陷与
性行为、性欲之变化也许可能是临床之表现。
器质性 ：
． 器质性假性精神病性人格
． 器质性假性迟滞性人格
徵候群 ：
． 额叶徵候群
． 边缘叶癫痫人格徵候群
． 脑叶白质切割徵候群
． 白质切割後遗徵候群
不包含 ：
． 灾难性经验後之永续性人格改变 (F62.0)
． 精神疾病後之永续性人格改变 (F62.1)
脑震汤後徵候群 (F07.2)
脑炎後徵候群 (F07.1)
特殊类别人格障碍症 (F60.-)
F20.4
Post-schizophrenic depression
A depressive episode, which may he prolonged, arising in the aftermath of a sehizophrenie
illness. Some sehizophrenie symptoms, either "positive" or "negative",
must still be present but they no longer dominate the clinical picture. These depressive
states are associated with an increased risk of suicide. If the patient no longer has any
schizophrenic symptoms, a depressive episode should be diagnosed (F32.-). If schizophrenic
symptoms are still florid and prominent, the diagnosis should remain that of the
appropriate of the schizophrenic subtype (F20.0-F20.3) .
精神分裂後忧郁症
它是一种精神分裂症恢复期之郁症发作 ， 它可能是
持久性之郁症发作。一定要有某些精神分裂症症状
， 但已不明显 ， 这些症状可能是正性或负性症状。
此郁症与自杀率升高有相关性。若病人已无精神分
裂症症状 ， 则应诊断为郁症发作 （F32.-) 。若仍有丰富
而明显的精神分裂症症状 ， 则仍应将其归类於适合
的精神分裂症亚型分类 (F20.0-F20.3) 。
F20.5
Residual schizophrenia
A chronic stage in the development of a schizophrenic illness in which there has been a
clear progression from an early stage to a later stage characterized by long-term, though
not necessarily irreversible, "negative" symptoms, e.g. psychomotor slowing;
underactivity; blunting of affect; passivity and lack of initiative; poverty of quantity
or content of speech; poor nonverbal communication by facial expression, eye contact,
voice modulation and posture; poor self-care and social performance.
Chronic undifferentiated schizophrenia
Restzustand (schizophrenic)
Schizophrenic residual state
残馀型精神分裂症
一种慢性期的变化 ， 自早期之进展 （ 其中也有几次
精神病性症状的发作 ， 而且符合上述精神分裂症的
诊断准则 ） ， 到後期以长期性负性症状与功能缺失
为主之临床表。但不一定是不可回复的 ， 这些负性
症状包含精神运动性迟缓、少活动、情感平淡、被
动及缺乏动机、言谈之量与内容贫乏 ， 缺乏非语言
性沟通表达如 ： 脸部表情、眼神接触、声调与姿态
之变化与自我照料及社交表现差。
慢性未分化型精神分裂症
静止状态 (Restzustand)
精神分裂性残馀状态
F25
Schizoaffective disorders
Episodic disorders in which both affective and schizophrenic symptoms are prominent but
which do not justify a diagnosis of either schizophrenia or depressive or manic episodes.
Other conditions in which affective symptoms are superimposed on a pre-existing
schizophrenic illness, or co-exist or alternate with persistent delusional disorders of
other kinds, are classified under F20-F29. Mood-incongruent psychotic symptoms in
affective disorders do not justify a diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder.
分裂情感障碍症
此乃阵发性疾病 ， 在相同的一次疾病中合并出现明
显的情感及精神分裂症状 ， 但均不足以诊断为精神
分裂症、忧郁症或躁症发作。若有情感症状续发於
先前既有之精神分裂症或与持久妄想症同存或交替
出现 ， 则仍分类於 F20-F29 。与情感不一致之精神病性
症状若存在於情感疾病中 ， 亦不能诊断为分裂精神
障碍症。
F25.0
Schizoaffective disorder, manic type
A disorder in which both schizophrenic and manic symptoms are prominent so that the
episode of illness does not justify a diagnosis of either schizophrenia or a manic
episode. This category should be used for both a single episode and a recurrent disorder
in which the majority of episodes are schizoaffective, manic type.
Schizoaffective psychosis, manic type
Schizophreniform psychosis, manic type
分裂情感障碍 ， 躁型
在同一次发作中 ， 精神分裂和躁症的症状都十分明
显 ， 以致於不能单纯做精神分裂症或躁症发作之诊
断。这个类别适用於单次发作及复发性疾患 ， 其大
部分发作是属分裂情感障碍症 ， 躁型者。
分裂情感性精神病症 ， 躁型
拟精神分裂性精神病症 ， 躁型
F25.1
Schizoaffective disorder, depressive type
A disorder in which both schizophrenic and depressive symptoms are prominent so that the
episode of illness does not justify a diagnosis of either schizophrenia or a depressive
episode. This category should be used for both a single episode and a recurrent disorder
in which the majority of episodes are schizoaffective, depressive type.
Schizoaffective psychosis, depressive type
Schizophreniform psychosis, depressive type
分裂情感障碍症 ， 郁型
在同一次发作中 ， 同时出现明显的精神分裂或忧郁
的症状 ， 以致於不能单纯做精神分裂症或郁症发作
之诊断。这个类别用於单次发作与复发性疾患 ， 其
大部分发作是分裂情感障碍症 ， 郁型者。
分裂情感性精神病症 ， 郁型
拟精神分裂性精神病症 ， 郁型
F31
Bipolar affective disorder
A disorder characterized by two or more episodes in which the patient's mood and activity
levels are significantly disturbed, this disturbance consisting on some occasions of an
elevation of mood and increased energy and activity (hypomania or mania) and on others of
a lowering of mood and decreased energy and activity (depression). Repeated episodes of
hypomania or mania only are classified as bipolar (F31.8).
Includes: manic-depressive:
. illness
. psychosis
. reaction
Excludes: bipolar disorder, single manic episode (F30.-)
cyclothymia (F34.0)
双相 （ 极 ） 性情感障碍
疾病的特徵是二次或更多次的发作 ， 病人的情绪 ，
活动量有显着障碍 ， 包含一些情绪高昂 ， 活动量与
活力增加的发作 （ 躁症或轻躁症 ） 及一些情感低沈
， 活动量与活力降低 （ 忧郁症 ） 的发作。只有重覆
轻躁症或躁症发作应分类为双相 （ 极 ） 性情感症
(F31.8) 之一种。
包含 ： 躁郁 ：
． 疾病
． 精神病
． 反应
不包含 ： 双相性情感障碍症 ， 单躁症发作 (bipolar disorder
, single manic episode (F30.-)
循环情感障碍症 (cyclothymia F34.0)
F43.1
Post-traumatic stress disorder
Arises as a delayed or protracted response to a stressful event or situation (of either
brief or long duration) of an exceptionally threatening or catastrophic nature, which is
likely to cause pervasive distress in almost anyone. Predisposing factors, such as
personality traits (e.g. compulsive, asthenic) or previous history of neurotic illness,
may lower the threshold for the development of the syndrome or aggravate its course, but
they are neither necessary nor sufficient to explain its occurrence. Typical features
include episodes of repeated reliving of the trauma in intrusive memories
("flashbacks"), dreams or nightmares, occurring against the persisting
background of a sense of "numbness" and emotional blunting, detachment from
other people, unresponsiveness to surroundings, anhedonia, and avoidance of activities and
situations reminiscent of the trauma. There is usually a state of autonomic hyperarousal
with hypervigilance, an enhanced startle reaction, and insomnia. Anxiety and depression
are commonly associated with the above symptoms and signs, and suicidal ideation is not
infrequent. The onset follows the trauma with a latency period that may range from a few
weeks to months. The course is fluctuating but recovery can be expected in the majority of
cases. In a small proportion of cases the condition may follow a chronic course over many
years, with eventual transition to an enduring personality change (F62.0).
Traumatic neurosis
创伤後障碍症
源自於对某一压力事件或某种长、短期存在之压力
情境 ， 以迟缓或且拖延的反应来表现。这类事件或
情境具有异常之威胁性或是大灾难的性质 ， 它几乎
可使任何人痛苦。如果有某一些人格特质因素存在
的话 （ 如个性上较强迫性格或柔弱 ） ， 或过去有精
神官能症 ， 可能会使此种症候发生的临界点降低或
使其病程恶化 ， 但它仍不足以完全解释此症候的发
生。典型症状包含 ： 过去创伤的情节会一再侵入记
忆而重现 （flashbacks） ， 常做梦或梦魔 ， 一直感觉 ” 麻
木 ” 及情感迟钝 ， 和别人疏离 ， 对环境没有反应 ，
快乐感缺失 ， 及逃避会使其回忆创伤的种种活动和
情境。自律神经经常属於过度激发状态 ， 伴随有过
度警戒、易有惊吓反应及失眠。忧郁和焦虑常与以
上的症状、徵候在一起 ， 自杀的念头也不少见。创
伤之後到疾病产生之间的潜伏期有数周到数月之久
， 但很少超过六个月。病程起起伏伏 ， 但大部分的
个案都能预期会恢复。不过少部分个案会慢性化而
历经好多年 ， 以致形成人格的永久改变。 （见F62.0）
创伤性精神官能症。
F44
Dissociative [conversion] disorders
The common themes that are shared by dissociative or conversion disorders are a partial or
complete loss of the normal integration between memories of the past, awareness of
identity and immediate sensations, and control of bodily movements. All types of
dissociative disorders tend to remit after a few weeks or months, particularly if their
onset is associated with a traumatic life event. More chronic disorders, particularly
paralyses and anaesthesias, may develop if the onset is associated with insoluble problems
or interpersonal difficulties. These disorders have previously been classified as various
types of "conversion hysteria". They are presumed to be psychogenic in origin,
being associated closely in time with traumatic events, insoluble and intolerable
problems, or disturbed relationships. The symptoms often represent the patient's concept
of how a physical illness would be manifest. Medical examination and investigation do not
reveal the presence of any known physical or neurological disorder. In addition, there is
evidence that the loss of function is an expression of emotional conflicts or needs. The
symptoms may develop in close relationship to psychological stress, and often appear
suddenly. Only disorders of physical functions normally under voluntary control and loss
of sensations are included here. Disorders involving pain and other complex physical
sensations mediated by the autonomic nervous system are classified under somatization
disorder (F45.0). The possibility of the later appearance of serious physical or
psychiatric disorders should always be kept in mind.
Includes: conversion:
. hysteria
. reaction
hysteria
hysterical psychosis
Excludes: malingering [conscious simulation] (Z76.5)
解离 （ 转化 ） 症
关於解离或转化症 ， 最常讨论到的主题是过去记忆
、个人认同、立即感觉和身体动作控制间的正常统
合功能之部份性或完全性的丧失。所有解离状态都
倾向於数周或数月内恢复 ， 特别是那些在发生时和
创伤性生活事件有密切关连者。较慢性的状态 ， 尤
其是运动瘫痪和知觉麻痹也可能因无解的难题或人
际关系困难而发生。这些疾病过去被分类为不同种
类的 " 转化型歇斯底里症 " ， 这里所描述的解离
症 ， 认为是 ＂ 心因性 ″ 的 ， 和所受冲击的事件、无
法解决或无法忍受的难题、或破裂的人际关系 ， 在
时间上有紧密连接的关系。症状的表现代表患者观
念中所相信疾病应有之表现。医学检查未能发现任
何身体或神经学之疾病。此外 ， 有证据可以说明 ，
身体功能之丧失是情绪冲突或需求之表现。此类症
状之发生与心理压力紧密相关 ， 且常常突然发生。
此处所指身体功能之症状 ， 只包含随处控制者与感
觉功能之丧失。痛感与自律神经相关之复杂感觉 ，
则归类於身体化症 （F45.0） 。在诊断时 ， 一直要注意
， 此病情中有可能会出现严重的身体或精神疾病。
包含 ：
． 转化型歇斯底里症
． 转化反应
歇斯底里症
歇斯底里性精神病症。
不包含 ： 诈病 （ 意识操作 ） （Z76.5） 。
F48.0
Neurasthenia
Considerable cultural variations occur in the presentation of this disorder, and two main
types occur, with substantial overlap. In one type, the main feature is a complaint of
increased fatigue after mental effort, often associated with some decrease in occupational
performance or coping efficiency in daily tasks. The mental fatiguability is typically
described as an unpleasant intrusion of distracting associations or recollections,
difficulty in concentrating, and generally inefficient thinking. In the other type, the
emphasis is on feelings of bodily or physical weakness and exhaustion after only minimal
effort, accompanied by a feeling of muscular aches and pains and inability to relax. In
both types a variety of other unpleasant physical feelings is common, such as dizziness,
tension headaches, and feelings of general instability. Worry about decreasing mental and
bodily well-being, irritability, anhedonia, and varying minor degrees of both depression
and anxiety are all common. Sleep is often disturbed in its initial and middle phases but
hypersomnia may also be prominent.
Fatigue syndrome
Use additional code, if desired, to identify previous physical illness.
Excludes: asthenia NOS (R53)
burn-out (Z73.0)
malaise and fatigue (R53)
postviral fatigue syndrome (G93.3)
psychasthenia (F48.8)
神经衰弱症
此疾患之出现有相当不同的文化背景因素 ， 而可见
两类 ， 但重叠性高。第一类之主要表现在精神活动
之後抱怨的疲惫感 ， 常伴随工作表现或每天日常生
活效率的减低。典型的精神疲惫状况可以时常以侵
入不愉快且不相关的联想、集中注意力困难及完全
无效率的思考等来描述。第二类即强调在稍微活动
之後 ， 发生身体衰弱及耗竭感 ， 伴随肌肉疼痛及无
法放松。这两类病况常会伴随出现其他各种身体不
舒服的感觉 ， 如头晕、紧张性头痛及全身违和的感
觉。担忧心身健康会持续下降、易怒、快乐感缺失
、及轻微程度的焦虑与忧郁等都是常见的。睡眠的
初期及中期常出障碍 ， 但可能也有过度睡眠的情况
。
疲倦徵候群
若先前有其他身体疾病 ， 可以加以标示。
不包含 ： 无力 ， 其他未明示者 （R53）
过劳 （Z73.0）
疲惫 （R53）
病毒感染後疲惫徵候群 （G93.3）
精神衰弱症 （F48.8）
F62
Enduring personality changes, not attributable to brain damage and
disease
Disorders of adult personality and behaviour that have developed in persons with no
previous personality disorder following exposure to catastrophic or excessive prolonged
stress, or following a severe psychiatric illness. These diagnoses should be made only
when there is evidence of a definite and enduring change in a person's pattern of
perceiving, relating to, or thinking about the environment and himself or herself. The
personality change should be significant and be associated with inflexible and maladaptive
behaviour not present before the pathogenic experience. The change should not be a direct
manifestation of another mental disorder or a residual symptom of any antecedent mental
disorder.
Excludes: personality and behavioural disorder due to brain disease, damage and
dysfunction (F07.-)
非器质性人格变异症
某些成人并非原先存在人格违常或行为违常 ， 而是
续发於发生灾难之後 ， 暴露在长期压力之後或续发
於严重精神疾病之後。除非有证据显示 ， 以下情形
才做此诊断 ： 此病人对环境及自我的看法与他人的
关系确定有一长期持续的改变。此种人格改变必需
是明显的、僵化的、不适应的而且此种现象在此病
态经验之前不曾出现过。此一人格违常并非直接是
另一精神疾病的临床表现 ， 亦非任何先前存在的精
神疾病之残馀症状。
不包含 ： 由於脑部疾病 ， 受损及功能障碍所引发的
人格及行为违常 (F07.-)
F62.1
Enduring personality change after psychiatric illness
Personality change, persisting for at least two years, attributable to the traumatic
experience of suffering from a severe psychiatric illness. The change cannot be explained
by a previous personality disorder and should be differentiated from residual
schizophrenia and other states of incomplete recovery from an antecedent mental disorder.
This disorder is characterized by an excessive dependence on and a demanding attitude
towards others; conviction of being changed or stigmatized by the illness, leading to an
inability to form and maintain close and confiding personal relationships and to social
isolation; passivity, reduced interests, and diminished involvement in leisure activities;
persistent complaints of being ill, which may be associated with hypochondriacal claims
and illness behaviour; dysphoric or labile mood, not due to the presence of a current
mental disorder or antecedent mental disorder with residual affective symptoms; and
longstanding problems in social and occupational functioning.
精神疾病後长久人格变异症
由於承受严重精神疾病的创伤经验所引发的人格改
变 ， 至少得持续两年。此种改变无法以先前存在的
人格违常来解释 ， 必须与精神分裂症残馀症状及其
他先前存在精神疾病未完全康复状态做鉴别诊断 ，
此种人格违常之特质 ： 对他人过度依赖且过度要求
， 由於疾病所影响或心中烙印此一疾病 ， 导致无法
与他人形成且维持亲密而信赖的人际关系 ， 造成社
会孤立 ； 显得较被动 ； 兴趣变的较低落 ， 且减少休
闲活动之参与 ， 不断抱怨处於生病之中 ， 可能附带
虑病性的要求及生病行为 ； 其低落情绪或不稳定之
情绪 ， 并非源自目前存在的精神疾病或先前存在的
精神疾病之残存症状 ； 并且长期有社会功能和职业
功能方面的问题。
F68.1
Intentional production or feigning of symptoms or disabilities, either
physical or psychological [factltlous disorder]
The patient feigns symptoms repeatedly for no obvious reason and may even inflict
self-harm in order to produce symptoms or signs. The motivation is obscure and presumably
internal with the aim of adopting the sick role. The disorder is often combined with
marked disorders of personality and relationships.
Hospital hopper syndrome
Munchhausen's syndrome
Peregrinating patient
Excludes: factitial dermatitis (L98.1)
person feigning illness (with obvious motivation) (Z76.5)
伪病症
医院跳蚤徵候群
Munchausen 氏徵候群
游历病人
不包含 ： 伪病性皮肤炎
诈病行为 (Z76.5)
F98.2
Feeding disorder of infancy and childhood
A feeding disorder of varying manifestations usually specific to infancy and early
childhood. It generally involves food refusal and extreme faddiness in the presence of an
adequate food supply, a reasonably competent caregiver, and the absence of organic
disease. There may or may not be associated rumination (repeated regurgitation without
nausea or gastrointestinal illness).
Rumination disorder of infancy
Excludes: anorexia nervosa and other eating disorders (F50.-)
feeding:
. difficulties and mismanagement (R63.3)
. problems of newborn (P92.-)
pica of infancy or childhood (F98.3)
婴儿期及儿童期食障碍症
这是一种特发婴儿或儿童早期的食障碍症。是指在
有适当的食物供应 ， 有足能胜任的照顾者 ， 且并无
器质性疾病的状况下 ， 呈现有拒食和严重的偏食 ，
可能并有或不并有反刍现象 （ 意指没有恶心感和肠
胃疾病 ， 却还反覆把食物吐出 ） 。
婴儿反刍症
不包含 ： 厌食症和其他饮食障碍症 (F50.-)
． 食困难和照顾不当 (F63.3)
． 新生儿食问题
婴儿期及儿童期之异食症 (F98.3)
F99
Mental disorder, not otherwise specified
Mental illness NOS
Excludes: organic mental disorder NOS (F06.9)
他处未归类的精神疾病
其他未明示的精神疾病
不包含 ： 其他未明示的器质性精神疾病 （F06.9）
R69
Unknown and unspecified cause of morbidity
Illness NOS
Undiagnosed disease, not specified as to the site or system involved
不明及未明示的罹病原因
其他未明示的不适
未涉及特定部位或系统的尚未诊断疾病
(b)
When some circumstance or problem is present which influences the
person's health status but is not in itself a current illness or injury. Such factors may
be elicited during population surverys, when the person may or may not be currently sick,
or be recorded as an additional factor to be borne in mind when the person is receiving
care for some illness or injury.
某些情况或问题会影响个人健康状况 ， 但本身并非
现存疾病或受伤。这些因素可能在人口调查中发现
， 但当时可能有病或可能没病 ； 或是当病人为了某
些疾病或伤害就医时 ， 需要记录下来加以注意的因
素。
Z60.4
Social exclusion and rejection
Exclusion and rejection on the basis of personal characteristics, such as unusual physical
appearance, illness or behaviour.
Excludes: target of adverse discrimination such as for racial or religious reasons (Z60.5)
Z76.2
Health supervision and care of other healthy infant and child
Medical or nursing care or supervision of healthy infant under circumstances such as:
. adverse socioeconomic conditions at home
. awaiting foster or adoptive placement
. maternal illness
. number of children at home preventing or interfering with
normal care
其他健康婴儿及儿童的健康监督及照顾
在下列情况下的医疗或护理照顾或健康婴儿的监督
：
． 家中不良社经状况
． 等待收养和养育的安置
． 母亲的疾患
． 家中小孩大多以致无法提供或影响
正常的照顾
Z76.5
Malingerer [conscious simulation]
Person feigning illness (with obvious motivation)
Excludes: factitious disorder (F68.1)
peregrinating patient (F68.1)
伪病者
伪装生病的人 ( 有明显动机 )
不包含 ： 人为疾患 (F68.1)
四处游走求诊的病人 (F68.1)
Mental illness 精神病
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