generally [ 'dʒenərəli] ad.一般地；通常地
Generally accepted accounting principles 公认会计原则
付款不好 to pay badly; to be generally in arrear with payments
Now, it is generally accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduation.
现在，人们普遍认为没有一所大学能够在毕业时候教给学生所有的知识。
It is generally believed that the chief reason for the increase in population in developed countries is not so much the rise in birth rates as the decline in death rates as a result of the improvement in medical care.
普遍认为，在发达国家人口增长的主要原因与其说是出生率的上升，还不如说是由于医疗保健的改善使死亡率下降了。
What we anticipate seldom occurs; what we lest expected generally happens.
我们所预料的事很少发生，最预料不到的事却往往出现。
They who assume a character that does not belong to them generally betray themselves by overacting.
装模作样的人常常由于表现过火而露出原形。
They generally go to France for their holidays.
他们通常去法国度假。
Generally, the student go to the library three times a week.
这学生一般每周去图书馆三次。
It is generally agreed that smoking is bad for health.
人们普遍认为吸烟有害健康。
The plan has generally been accepted.
这计划已被人们广泛接受。
It is generally not advisable for pregnant women to travel by air after the 28th week of pregnancy.
一般说来，孕妇怀孕28周后最好不要坐飞机旅行。
Cheaper goods are generally of inferior quality.
便宜没好货。
I generally agree with you.
我大体上同意你的看法。
His thesis works relatively well when applied to discrimination against Blacks in the United States, but his definition of racial prejudice as “ racially-based negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethnic competition,” can be interpreted as also including hostility toward such ethnic groups as the Chinese in California and the Jews in medieval Europe.
对于针对美国黑人的种族歧视，他的理论相对成立得较好，但是他将种族偏见如此定义：“在某一特定区域内的种族竞争中被普遍接受的一个种族所受到的基于种族的负面偏见。”可以看作也包含有对象加州的中国人以及中世纪的犹太人等少数民族的敌视。
However, when investment flows primarily in one direction, as it generally does from industrial to developing countries, the seemingly reciprocal source-based restrictions produce revenue sacrifices primarily by the state receiving most of the foreign investment and producing most of the income—namely ,the developing country partner.
然而，当投资基本上流向一个方面时，就像一般从工业化到一般发展中国家一样，看起来是基于双方资源的规定产生的收入损失主要由接收大量外国投资和创造大部分收益的国家来承担－即发展中国家一方。
It is generally accepted that smoking is harmful to our health.
吸烟有害健康，这是大家公认的。
She is generally regarded as one of the best writers in the country.
人们普遍认为她是该国最优秀的作家之一。
Generally speaking, a contract cannot be changed after it has been signed by both parties.
一般来讲，合同一经双方签订就不得更改。
Buyers, generally speaking, bear the change of packing.
一般来说，买方应承担包装费用。
Generally speaking, it's cheaper but slower to ship goods by sea than by rail.
总的来说，海运比铁路运输更便宜，但速度慢一些。
at large 与 by and large：
at large 当形容词，最常用的意思是指嫌犯脱逃，逍遥法外（escape,referring to criminal before arrest）而 by and large 当副词用，意思是一般而言（generally speaking on the whole）。 例如：
* The murder suspect is still at large. （凶手仍然逍遥法外）
* By and large, I feel（that）the new proposal is sensible.（大体来说，我认为新的建议是很切合实际的。）
* By and large, most people will care about their weight. （一般而言，许多人关心他们的体重）
然而，有时 at large 也有「一般」（in general）的意思。 例如：
* The Chinese people at large are peace－loving. （一般中国人是爱好和平的）
A truly elegant taste is generally accompanied with excellence of heart.
John Keats .British poet
优雅的情趣与心灵之美不可分。
英国诗人济慈.J.
Satire is a sort of glass, wherein beholders do generally discover ev-erybody's face their own.
Jonathan Swift, British writer
讽刺是一面镜子，观看者通常从中看到每一个人的面容却看不到自己。
英国作家斯威夫特J
People generally quarrel because they cannot argue. ( Chesterton )
通常人们是因为不会辩理才吵架的。(切斯特顿)
Generally speaking, buyers bear the charges of packing.
包装费用一般由买方负担。
Generally speaking, inquiries are made by the buyers.
询盘一般由买方发出。
Generally speaking, commission depends on the quantity of goods ordered.
一般来说，佣金多少由订货量决定。
Generally speaking, aviation insurance is much cheaper than marine insurance.
空运保险一般要比海运保险便宜。
Generally, the term "all marine risks" is liable to be misinterpreted and its use should be avoided in L/C.
一般地，“一切海洋运输货物险”容易被误解，应该避免在信用证中使用。
一般来说 [yì bān lái shuō] /generally speaking/
总的来说 [zǒng de lái shuō] /generally speaking/to sum up/in summary/in short/
Although the process of professionalisation and specialisation was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science.
虽然职业化和专业化过程在19世纪的英国地质学界中已经得到迅速发展，但是它的效果直到20世纪才充分显示出来。然而，从科学这个整体来看，19世纪必须被视为科学结构发生变化的关键时期。
Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another.
无聊、孤独是居住相对遥远的家庭的普遍问题。
The 15-member Time Warner board is generally supportive of Levin and his corporate strategy.
总的来说，时代华纳公司的15位董事是支持莱文和公司的经营策略的。
But insiders say several of them have shown their concerns in this matter.
但内部人士透露其中几位对此事表示担忧。
"Some of us have known for many, many years that the freedoms under the First Amendment are not totally unlimited," says Luce.
“我们中的一些人多年来就知道宪法第一修正案所说的自由并非毫无限制，”鲁斯说，
"I think it is perhaps the case that some people associated with the company have only recently come to realize this."
“我想与公司有关系的一些人可能是最近才意识到这一点。”
Why mention the elementary schools? Because thanks to these schools our early mechanics, especially in the New England and Middle Atlantic states, were generally literate and at home in arithmetic and in some aspects of geometry and trigonometry.
为什么要提小学教育？正是因为有了这些学校，我们的早期技工才普遍能读会写，并精通算术及部分几何和三角，这种情况在新英格兰和大西洋中部各州尤为可见。
There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process.
人们对成长有两种基本看法：一是将其视作结果；一是将其视为过程。
People have generally viewed personal growth as an external result or product that can easily be identified and measured.
人们通常把个人成长看做是易于识别和测量的外在结果。
The worker who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language — all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts.
工人得到升迁，学生成绩提高，外国人学会了一门新的语言——这些都可表明人们付出努力之后，取得了可衡量的成绩。
{adj: accepted, recognized, recognised} generally approved or compelling recognition
"several accepted techniques for treating the condition"
"his recognized superiority in this kind of work"
{adj: accepted, undisputed, unchallenged, unquestioned} generally agreed upon; not subject to dispute
"the accepted interpretation of the poem"
"an accepted theory"
"the undisputed fact"
{adj: accepted} generally accepted or used
"accepted methods of harmony and melody"
"three accepted types of pump"
{adj: acknowledged} generally accepted
{adj: alike, similar, like} having the same or similar characteristics
"all politicians are alike"
"they looked utterly alike"
"friends are generally alike in background and taste"
<-> unalike
{adj: approved} generally or especially officially judged acceptable or satisfactory
"an approved method"
"work on the approved project went ahead on schedule"
<-> disapproved
{adj: distrustful} having or showing distrust
"a man of distrustful nature"
"my experience...in other fields of law has made me distrustful of rules of thumb generally"- B.N.Cardozo
"vigilant and distrustful superintendence"- Thomas Jefferson
<-> trustful
{adj: east-central} of a region of the United States generally including Kentucky, West Virginia
{adj: feckless, inept} generally incompetent and ineffectual
"feckless attempts to repair the plumbing"
"inept handling of the account"
{adj: good} generally admired
"good taste"
{adj: in good taste} satisfying generally accepted social or esthetic standards
{adj: light-handed} having a metaphorically delicate touch
"the translation is...light-handed...and generally unobtrusive"- New Yorker
{adj: middle Atlantic, mid-Atlantic} of a region of the United States generally including Delaware; Maryland; Virginia; and usually New York; Pennsylvania; New Jersey
"mid-Atlantic states"
{adj: midwestern} of a region of the United States generally including Ohio; Indiana; Illinois; Iowa; Missouri; Kansas; Nebraska; and sometimes Michigan; Wisconsin; Minnesota
"a midwestern city"
"midwestern accent"
{adj: nonrestrictive} not limiting the reference of a modified word or phrase
"the nonrestrictive clause in `I always buy his books, which have influenced me greatly,' refers to his books generally and adds an additional fact about them"
{adj: north-central} being in or of a region of the United States generally including states of the upper Mississippi valley and Great Lakes region lying north of the Ohio River and the southern boundaries of Kansas and Missouri and between the western boundary of Pennsylvania and the eastern boundaries of Montana and Wyoming and Colorado
{adj: northeastern} of a region of the United States generally including the New England states; New York; and sometimes New Jersey and Pennsylvania
{adj: northwestern} of a region of the United States generally including Washington; Oregon; Idaho; and sometimes Montana; Wyoming
{adj: prevailing, prevalent, rife} encountered generally especially at the present time
"the prevailing opinion was that a trade war could be averted"
"the most prevalent religion in our area"
"speculation concerning the books author was rife"
{adj: privy} (followed by `to') informed about something secret or not generally known
"privy to the details of the conspiracy"
{adj: southeastern} of a region of the United States generally including Alabama; Georgia; Florida; Tennessee; South Carolina; North Carolina
{adj: southwestern} of a region of the United States generally including New Mexico; Arizona; Texas; California; and sometimes Nevada; Utah; Colorado
{adj: unsociable} not inclined to society or companionship
"an unsociable nature...shy and reserved"
"generally unsociable except with intimate friends"
"unsociable behavior"
"an unsociable neighborhood"
<-> sociable
{adj: unsupervised} not supervised or under constant observation
"the school maintains unsupervised study halls during free periods"
"reliable workers are generally unsupervised"
<-> supervised
{adj: white-shoe} denoting a company or law firm owned and run by members of the WASP elite who are generally conservative
"the politician tried to hide his white-shoe background"
{adv: broadly, loosely, broadly speaking, generally} without regard to specific details or exceptions
"he interprets the law broadly"
<-> narrowly
{adv: by and large, generally, more often than not, mostly} usually; as a rule
"by and large it doesn't rain much here"
{adv: generally, in general, in the main} without distinction of one from others
"he is interested in snakes in general"
<-> specifically
{adv: publicly} by the public or the people generally
"publicly provided medical care"
"publicly financed schools"
<-> privately
{adv: specifically} in distinction from others
"a program specifically for teenagers"
"he is interested specifically in poisonous snakes"
<-> generally
{n: Araguaia, Araguaia River, Araguaya, Araguaya River} a river in central Brazil that flows generally northward (with many falls) to join the Tocantins River
{n: Aras, Araxes} a river that rises in northeastern Turkey (near the source of the Euphrates) and flows generally eastward through Armenia to the Caspian Sea; ancient name was Araxes
{n: Arauca} a river that rises in northern Colombia and flows generally eastward to the Orinoco in central Venezuela
{n: Cassirer, Ernst Cassirer} German philosopher concerned with concept formation in the human mind and with symbolic forms in human culture generally (1874-1945)
{n: Clinch River} a river that rises in southwestern Virginia and flows generally southwestward across eastern Tennessee to the Tennessee River
{n: Cohn, Ferdinand Julius Cohn} German botanist who is generally recognized as founding bacteriology when he recognized bacteria as plants
{n: Epistle to the Hebrews, Hebrews} a New Testament book traditionally included among the epistle of Saint Paul but now generally considered not to have been written by him
{n: Flint, Flint River} a river in western Georgia that flows generally south to join the Chattahoochee River at the Florida border where they form the Apalachicola River
{n: Gan Jiang, Kan River} a river in southeastern China that flows generally north into the Chang Jiang north of Nanchang
{n: Huang He, Hwang Ho, Yellow River} a major river of Asia in northern China; flows generally eastward into the Yellow Sea; carries large quantities of yellow silt to its delta
{n: Indigirka, Indigirka River} a river in far eastern Siberia that flows generally northward to the Arctic Ocean
{n: Insessores, order Insessores, perching bird, percher} a bird with feet adapted for perching (as on tree branches); this order is now generally abandoned by taxonomists
{n: Irtish, Irtish River, Irtysh, Irtysh River} an Asian river that rises in the Altai Mountains in northern China and flows generally northwest to become a tributary of the Ob River
{n: Islamism} a fundamentalist Islamic revivalist movement generally characterized by moral conservatism and the literal interpretation of the Koran and the attempt to implement Islamic values in all aspects of life
{n: Kierkegaard, Soren Kierkegaard, Soren Aabye Kierkegaard} Danish philosopher who is generally considered. along with Nietzsche, to be a founder of existentialism (1813-1855)
{n: Lappic, Lappish} any of the languages spoken by the Lapps and generally assumed to be Uralic languages
{n: Magdalena, Magdalena River} a river that rises in the Andes mountains in southwestern Colombia and flows generally northward to empty into the Caribbean Sea at Barranquilla
{n: Magnoliidae, subclass Magnoliidae, ranalian complex} a group of families or trees and shrubs and herbs having well-developed perianths and apocarpous ovaries and generally regarded as the most primitive extant flowering plants; contains 36 families including Magnoliaceae and Ranunculaceae; sometimes classified as a superorder
{n: Main Street} any small town (or the people who inhabit it); generally used to represent parochialism and materialism (after a novel by Sinclair Lewis)
"Main Street will never vote for a liberal politician"
{n: Namoi, Namoi River} a river in southeastern Australia that flows generally northwest to join the Darling River
{n: Nan Ling} a mountain range in southeastern China running generally east to west
{n: Neva, Neva River} a river in northwestern Russia flowing generally west into the Gulf of Finland
{n: Ob, Ob River} a major river of western Siberia; flows generally northward and westward to the Gulf of Ob and the Kara Sea
{n: Orange, Orange River} a river in South Africa that flows generally westward to the Atlantic Ocean
{n: Ouse, Ouse River} a river in northeastern England that flows generally southeastward to join the Trent River and form the Humber
{n: Parnaiba, Parnahiba} a river in northeastern Brazil that flows generally northward to the Atlantic Ocean
{n: Sambre, Sambre River} a river in western Europe that rises in northern France and flows generally east into Belgium where it joins the Meuse at Namur
{n: Tocantins, Tocantins River} a river in eastern Brazil that flows generally north to the Para River
{n: Trent, River Trent, Trent River} a river in central England that flows generally northeastward to join with the Ouse River and form the Humber
{n: Trinity River} a river in eastern Texas that is formed near Dallas and flows generally southeastward to Galveston Bay
{n: United States Marshals Service, US Marshals Service, Marshals} the United States' oldest federal law enforcement agency is responsible today for protecting the Federal Judiciary and transporting federal prisoners and protecting federal witnesses and managing assets seized from criminals and generally ensuring the effective operation of the federal judicial system
{n: Vetluga, Vetluga River} a river in central Russia; flows generally southward into the Volga
{n: Volkhov, Volkhov River} a river in northwestern Russia flowing generally north into Lake Ladoga
{n: Yenisei, Yenisei River, Yenisey, Yenisey River} a Russian river in Siberia; rises in mountains near the Mongolian border and flows generally northward into the Kara Sea
{n: adverse opinion} an opinion concerning financial statements (usually based on an audit by a CPA) that the statements as a whole do not present results fairly or are not in conformity with the generally accepted accounting practices of the United States
{n: apathy, indifference, numbness, spiritlessness} the trait of lacking enthusiasm for or interest in things generally
{n: auction, auction bridge} a variety of bridge in which tricks made in excess of the contract are scored toward game; now generally superseded by contract bridge
{n: autoregulation} (physiology) processes that maintain a generally constant physiological state in a cell or organism
{n: bromide} any of the salts of hydrobromic acid; formerly used as a sedative but now generally replaced by safer drugs
{n: canon} a rule or especially body of rules or principles generally established as valid and fundamental in a field or art or philosophy
"the neoclassical canon"
"canons of polite society"
{n: chain, chemical chain} (chemistry) a series of linked atoms (generally in an organic molecule)
{n: chlorite} a generally green or black mineral; it occurs as a constituent of many rocks typically in the form of a flat crystal
{n: chlorophyll b} a dark-green plant pigment having a brilliant green alcohol solution; generally characteristic of higher plants
{n: clamp, clinch} a device (generally used by carpenters) that holds things firmly together
{n: cold fusion} nuclear fusion at or near room temperatures; claims to have discovered it are generally considered to have been mistaken
{n: collect} a short prayer generally preceding the lesson in the Church of Rome or the Church of England
{n: common knowledge} something generally known to everyone
{n: conformity, conformation, compliance, abidance} acting according to certain accepted standards
"their financial statements are in conformity with generally accepted accounting practices"
<-> noncompliance, nonconformity
{n: contempt, disrespect} a manner that is generally disrespectful and contemptuous
{n: countertransference} the psychoanalyst's displacement of emotion onto the patient or more generally the psychoanalyst's emotional involvement in the therapeutic interaction
{n: cymule} a small cyme, generally with few flowers
{n: daughter cell} a cell formed by the division or budding of another cell
"anthrax grows by dividing into two daughter cells that are generally identical"
{n: downside} a negative aspect of something that is generally positive
"there is a downside even to motherhood"
{n: ergodicity} an attribute of stochastic systems; generally, a system that tends in probability to a limiting form that is independent of the initial conditions
{n: forceps delivery} delivery in which forceps are inserted through the vagina and used to grasp the head of the fetus and pull it through the birth canal; since the forceps can injure the fetus this procedure has generally given way to cesarean deliveries
{n: fornix} generally any arch shaped structure (but often it refers to the arched roof of an anatomical space)
{n: four-letter word, four-letter Anglo-Saxon word} any of several short English words (often having 4 letters) generally regarded as obscene or offensive
{n: generally accepted accounting practices, GAAP} a collection of rules and procedures and conventions that define accepted accounting practice; includes broad guidelines as well as detailed procedures
{n: granite} plutonic igneous rock having visibly crystalline texture; generally composed of feldspar and mica and quartz
{n: human reproductive cloning} the reproductive cloning of a sentient human being; generally considered ethically unacceptable
{n: majority opinion} the opinion joined by a majority of the court (generally known simply as `the opinion')
{n: medium of exchange, monetary system} anything that is generally accepted as a standard of value and a measure of wealth in a particular country or region
{n: moray, moray eel} family of brightly colored voracious eels of warm coastal waters; generally nonaggressive to humans but larger species are dangerous if provoked
{n: multitude, masses, mass, hoi polloi, people, the great unwashed} the common people generally
"separate the warriors from the mass"
"power to the people"
{n: open secret} something that is supposed to be secret but is generally known
"their love affair was an open secret"
{n: paradigm} the generally accepted perspective of a particular discipline at a given time
"he framed the problem within the psychoanalytic paradigm"
{n: passive matrix display} a type of LCD screen used for some portable computers; parallel wires run both vertically and horizontally and pixels are turned on when the wires intersecting at that pixel are both energized
"passive matrix displays are generally inferior to active matrix displays"
{n: performance, execution, carrying out, carrying into action} the act of performing; of doing something successfully; using knowledge as distinguished from merely possessing it
"they criticised his performance as mayor"
"experience generally improves performance"
{n: prevalence} the quality of prevailing generally; being widespread
"he was surprised by the prevalence of optimism about the future"
{n: propaedeutic, propaedeutics} a course that provides an introduction to an art or science (or to more advanced study generally)
{n: publication} the communication of something to the public; making information generally known
{n: question of fact, matter of fact} a disputed factual contention that is generally left for a jury to decide
{n: question of law, matter of law} a disputed legal contention that is generally left for a judge to decide
{n: red alert} the highest level of alert when an attack by the enemy seems immanent (or more generally a state of alert resulting from immanent danger)
{n: red shift, redshift} (astronomy) a shift in the spectra of very distant galaxies toward longer wavelengths (toward the red end of the spectrum); generally interpreted as evidence that the universe is expanding
{n: reference point, point of reference, reference} an indicator that orients you generally
"it is used as a reference for comparing the heating and the electrical energy involved"
{n: religious doctrine, church doctrine, gospel, creed} the written body of teachings of a religious group that are generally accepted by that group
{n: road, route} an open way (generally public) for travel or transportation
{n: saber saw, jigsaw, reciprocating saw} a portable power saw with a reciprocating blade; can be used with a variety of blades depending on the application and kind of cut; generally have a plate that rides on the surface that is being cut
{n: sarcasm, irony, satire, caustic remark} witty language used to convey insults or scorn
"he used sarcasm to upset his opponent"
"irony is wasted on the stupid"
"Satire is a sort of glass, wherein beholders do generally discover everybody's face but their own"--Jonathan Swift
{n: septicemic plague} an especially dangerous and generally fatal form of the plague in which infecting organisms invade the bloodstream; does not spread from person to person
{n: tenderness, soreness, rawness} a pain that is felt (as when the area is touched)
"the best results are generally obtained by inserting the needle into the point of maximum tenderness"
"after taking a cold, rawness of the larynx and trachea come on"
{n: trailer camp, trailer park} a camp where space for house trailers can be rented; utilities are generally provided
{n: turbulence, upheaval, Sturm und Drang} a state of violent disturbance and disorder (as in politics or social conditions generally)
"the industrial revolution was a period of great turbulence"
{n: unwholesomeness, morbidness, morbidity} the quality of being unhealthful and generally bad for you
<-> wholesomeness
{n: urge incontinence} urinary incontinence that is generally attributable to involuntary contracts of the bladder muscle resulting in an urgent need to urinate accompanied by a sudden loss of urine; most common in people over 60 years of age
{n: way} the condition of things generally
"that's the way it is"
"I felt the same way"
{n: wholesomeness} the quality of being beneficial and generally good for you
<-> unwholesomeness
The paper says it is generally agreed that the memories of adults and children are fallible.
论文指出，普遍认为成年人和儿童的记忆不可靠。
It is generally agreed some adults who experience sexual abuse may recall memories of the abuse after forgetting it.
人们普遍认为某些受到性虐待的成年人在遗忘该经历后可以重新回忆起来。
Today, they are generally admired for their many remarkable characteristics, and are often held up as an example worth following.
今天，他们因有着许多优秀的品质而受到普遍的赞赏，并且经常被树立为值得学习的榜样。
And anything labelled a gift shop, or catalogue, can generally be guaranteed to be full of curious, zany items like personalised solid silver back-scratchers and musical ashtrays, which are only classified as " giftware " because nobody in their senses would buy them to use themselves.
标有礼品店或礼品目录的任何东西通常可以保证入目全是奇异的、滑稽的物品，如个人用纯银痒痒挠和音乐烟灰缸－因为精神正常的人都不会买来自用，所以它们只好被划归为 "礼品 "。
There were public watchmen, or Charlies, as they were called, but they were generally feeble old men, unfit for more strenuous assignment than calling out, " Past ten o'clock and a cold, frosty morning. "
城里有公共的更夫，这些更夫又被叫作 "查理斯 "，但他们一般是些年老体弱的人，除了能喊一喊 "过 10点钟了，早上天冷有霜降 "之外，不适合于危险拼命的差事。
Anyway, in the squalid surroundings that criminals frequented, the passersby were generally on the fugitive's side.
在罪犯频繁出没的贫民窟环境中，无论如何行人通常总是袒护罪犯的。
This brought him even more money, for a reward was generally offered for wanted criminals.
这使他甚至捞到了更多的油水，因为赏金一般是给予缉拿罪犯的有功之臣的。
Web sites run by reputable outfits( especially the ones that certify they 've checked material for downloading with a well-known antivirus program) generally can be trusted.
那些信誉好的单位（尤其是那些声明已用有名的杀毒程序检查过可供下载材料的机构）所经营的网站一般都是可信赖的。
Generally, cameras use USB or serial ports to download images.
通常，相机使用通用串行总线（ USB）或者串行端口来下载图像。
Such companies generally do not expect to make money from providing Internet access.
它们一般不指望通过提供互联网接入服务赢利。
Chronic pain is generally defined as persistent pain, like daily migraines, or pain that continues after an injury heals or fails to heal.
一般说来，慢性疼痛症指的是持久难消的疼痛，如普通的偏头痛，或是指不管伤口有没有痊愈都会有的疼痛。
The one thing generally agreed on is that too little is known about most memory supplements to assess their risks.
人们普遍都承认对大多数补脑药物的了解太少，无法估量潜在的危险。
Woolf's focus on society has not been generally recognized because of her intense antipathy to propaganda in art.
伍尔夫对社会的关注还不曾普遍地得到承认，这是因为她对艺术中的政治宣传极为厌弃。
His thesis works relatively well when applied to discrimination against Blacks in the United States, but his definition of racial prejudice as "racially-based negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethnic competition," can be interpreted as also including hostility toward such ethnic groups as the Chinese in California and the Jews in medieval Europe.
该社会学家的命题当被应用于针对美国黑人的歧视时，相对而言尚能适用，但他对种族偏见所下的定义——即“以种族为基础的、针对某个群体的消级的先入之见，而该群体在任何特定的种族竞争地区则被普遍认作一种族”——可被理解成同样也襄括了针对加利福尼亚州的中国人以及中世纪的犹太人这样一些种族群体的敌视态度。
Although qualitative variance among nerve energies was never rigidly disproved, the doctrine was generally abandoned in favor of the opposing view, namely, that nerve impulses are essentially homogeneous in quality and are transmitted as "common currency" throughout the nervous system.
虽然神经能量之间存在性质差异的观点从没有遭到严格的驳斥，但该学说普遍被抛弃，人们转而采纳了与之相对立的一个观点，即神经冲击从根本上来说在性质上是毫无二致的，并仿佛象“通用货币”（common currency）一样在神经系统中传输。
More generally, however, whether or not a composition establishes a new principle in the history of music has little bearing on its aesthetic worth.
但是，更普遍而言，一部音乐作曲是否能在音乐史上建立起一种全新原则，与该作品美学价值几乎无甚联系。
The aluminum silicates are therefore generally unsuitable alternatives to bauxite because considerably more energy is required to extract alumina from them.
因此，一般而言，铝硅酸盐不适合作为铝土矿的替代物质，因为要从它们中提炼出氧化铝，需要耗费更多可观的能源。
Researchers have analyzed artifacts and ores for their concentrations of elements, but for a variety of reasons, these studies have generally failed to provide evidence of the sources of the copper used in the objects.
科研人员已经对这些铜制物和铜矿石进行了分析，以确定各种元素的各种含量，但出于种种原因，这些研究普遍而言没能提供证据，以反映出这些物件中所使用的铜的来源。
It is not known how rare this resemblance is, or whether it is most often seen in inclusions of silicates such as garnet, whose crystallography is generally somewhat similar to that of diamond; but when present, the resemblance is regarded as compelling evidence that the diamonds and inclusions are truly cogenetic.
现在尚不知这种类似稀少到何种地步，也不知道是否它最常见于象石榴石一类的硅酸盐内含物中，而这类物质的晶体结构普遍地在某种程度上类似于金刚石的晶体结构。
但一旦存在，这种类似就被视作极有说服力的证据，证明金刚石与内含物确是同源的。
Even The Nation, a generally liberal magazine, warned its readers against "certain political leanings" of the author.
即使是《国家》这样一份一般而言较为开明的杂志，也警告其读者要注意《第二性》一书作者的“某些政治倾向”。
Generally in the plots of these operas, a hero or heroine—usually portrayed only as an individual, unfettered by class—is caught between the immoral corruption of the aristocracy and the doctrinaire rigidity or secret greed of the leaders of the proletariat.
普遍而言，在这些歌剧的情节中，一个男主人公或女主人公——一般被表现成为一个个体，不受阶级的羁绊——被置身于两极状态之间 ：一方面是贵族阶层那放浪形骸的道德堕落腐败，另一方面是无产阶级领导者那教条主义僵化或不可告人的私欲贪婪。
The only coherence was the singer's vocal technique: when the cast changed, new arias were almost always substituted, generally adapted from other operas.
唯一具有连贯性的是歌唱家的歌唱技巧：当剧组演员发生变更时，几乎总是代诸以从其它歌剧中改变而来的新的咏叹调。
Officials here say that although there was more lethal violence during the day in Afghanistan, the situation after Friday prayers in the region was generally calmer than expected.
美国政府官员说，尽管星期五阿富汗的抗议活动更为激烈，但是整个中东地区在祷告结束后的情况总的来说比预计的要平静。
Mr. Greenspan was generally upbeat about the condition of the U.S. economy. Inflation, he said, is under control and growth, which resumed in 2002 and gained strength over the next two years, is continuing.
格林斯潘先生对美国的经济总的来说感到乐观，美国的通货膨胀得到控制，在2002年恢复增长，国民经济的增长力度将在今后2年继续加强。
In a further breakdown of the statistics, Mr. al-Dulame said 60 percent of Kurdish respondents from northern Iraq said they support Mr. Bush. Most Kurds were staunch opponents of Saddam Hussein.The poll indicated 75 percent of Arab Iraqis who have an opinion support John Kerry. Mr. Dulame said Iraqis from the Shiite muslim majority generally prefer President Bush. But a large majority of Sunnis responding to the survey oppose the president. Saddam Hussein is a Sunni Muslim.
阿尔杜拉米对调查获得的数据进一步分析以后表示，伊拉克北部库尔德人表示支持布什总统。大多数的库尔德人都坚决反对萨达姆。调查表明，百分之75的阿拉伯伊拉克人支持克里参议员。阿尔杜拉米说，来自什叶派穆斯林的多数派伊拉克人支持布什总统。但是接受调查的逊尼派穆斯林的伊拉克人则反对布什总统。萨达姆是逊尼派穆斯林。
A U.S Army investigation into abuses of Iraqi inmates at Abu Ghraib prison is expected to place blame on low-level soldiers, while generally clearing senior commanders of involvement. Seven U.S. soldiers are already facing charges of abuse in connection with a scandal that shocked the world.
预计美国军方对伊拉克的阿布格拉布监狱虐囚案的调查将会把责任归咎于下层的士兵，基本上开脱美国高级军官的干系。七名士兵因为和这起震惊世界的虐囚丑闻有关，已经受到了起诉。
Chapter I 第一章
Certain infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99)
特定感染症及寄生虫疾病 ( A00-B99 ）
Includes: diseases generally recognized as communicable or transmissible
包含 ： 一般认定为可传染或具传染性的疾病
Excludes: carrier or suspected carrier of infectious disease (Z22.-)
certain localized infections—see body system-related chapters infectious and parasitic
diseases complicating pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium [except obstetrical tetanus
and human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] disease] (O98.-)
infectious and parasitic diseases specific to the perinatal period [except tetanus
neonatorum, congenital syphilis, perinatal gonococcal infection and perinatal human
immunodeficiency virus [HIV] disease] (P35-P39)
influenza and other acute respiratory infections (J00-J22)
不包含 ： 感染疾病带原者或疑似带原者 ( Z22.- )
特定局部性感染 － 参考身体相关系统章节除了产科
破伤风和人类免疫不全病毒疾病外之并发於妊娠生
产和产褥的感染症和寄生虫性疾病 ( O98.- )
除了新生儿破伤风、先天性梅毒、周产期淋球菌感
染和人类免疫不全病毒疾病外之周产期感染症和寄
生虫疾病 ( P35-P39 )
流行性感冒和其他急性呼吸道感染 ( J00-J22 )
4.
Use of subcategories in Chapter Ⅱ
Attention is drawn to the special use of subcategory.8 in this chapter [see note 5]. Where
it has been necessary to provide subcategories for "other", these have generally
been designated as subcategory.7.
利用第二章次分类
注意此章次类别 .8 （ 见注解 5 ） 的特殊用法 ， 它提供
＂ 其他 ″ 的次类别 ， 通常与次类别 .7 一起命名。
F06.7
Mild cognitive disorder
A disorder characterized by impairment of memory, learning difficulties, and reduced
ability to concentrate on a task for more than brief periods. There is often a marked
feeling of mental fatigue when mental tasks are attempted, and new learning is found to be
subjectively difficult even when objectively successful. None of these symptoms is so
severe that a diagnosis of either dementia (F00-F03) or delirium (F05.-) can be made. This
diagnosis should be made only in association with a specified physical disorder, and
should not be made in the presence of any of the mental or behavioural disorders
classified to F10-F99. The disorder may precede accompany, or follow a wide variety of
infections and physical disorders both cerebral and systemic, but direct evidence of
cerebral involvement is not necessarily present. It can be differentiated from
postencephalitic syndrome (F07.1) and postconcussional syndrome (F07.2) by its different
etiology, more restricted range of generally milder symptoms , and usually shorter
duration.
轻度认知障碍症
主要表徵为记忆障碍 ， 学习或注意力集中困难。当
要用脑力时 ， 会有明显的脑力疲倦之感觉 （ 无力感
） ， 要学习新东西时 ， 甚至客观上学习的很成功 ，
但主观上一直觉得学习得不好 ， 而有学习之困难。
这些症状均属轻微程度 ， 所以无法作痴呆 （F00-F03） 或
谵妄 （F05.-） 之诊断。这个诊断只当有连带之身体疾
病才能诊断 ， 若有 F10-F99 种种精神疾病同存时 ， 即不
能作此诊断。此疾病发生於种种发炎或其他身体疾
病之前後或同时发生 ， 这些同存身体疾病包含脑之
疾病 ， 但这些种种身体疾病不一定有直接证据可以
显现脑部之障碍。此疾病应与脑炎後徵候群 （F07.1）
与脑震汤後徵候群 （F07.2） 做区分 ， 其鉴别之重点是
病因不同、程度较轻、症状范围较狭窄、期间较短
。
F48.0
Neurasthenia
Considerable cultural variations occur in the presentation of this disorder, and two main
types occur, with substantial overlap. In one type, the main feature is a complaint of
increased fatigue after mental effort, often associated with some decrease in occupational
performance or coping efficiency in daily tasks. The mental fatiguability is typically
described as an unpleasant intrusion of distracting associations or recollections,
difficulty in concentrating, and generally inefficient thinking. In the other type, the
emphasis is on feelings of bodily or physical weakness and exhaustion after only minimal
effort, accompanied by a feeling of muscular aches and pains and inability to relax. In
both types a variety of other unpleasant physical feelings is common, such as dizziness,
tension headaches, and feelings of general instability. Worry about decreasing mental and
bodily well-being, irritability, anhedonia, and varying minor degrees of both depression
and anxiety are all common. Sleep is often disturbed in its initial and middle phases but
hypersomnia may also be prominent.
Fatigue syndrome
Use additional code, if desired, to identify previous physical illness.
Excludes: asthenia NOS (R53)
burn-out (Z73.0)
malaise and fatigue (R53)
postviral fatigue syndrome (G93.3)
psychasthenia (F48.8)
神经衰弱症
此疾患之出现有相当不同的文化背景因素 ， 而可见
两类 ， 但重叠性高。第一类之主要表现在精神活动
之後抱怨的疲惫感 ， 常伴随工作表现或每天日常生
活效率的减低。典型的精神疲惫状况可以时常以侵
入不愉快且不相关的联想、集中注意力困难及完全
无效率的思考等来描述。第二类即强调在稍微活动
之後 ， 发生身体衰弱及耗竭感 ， 伴随肌肉疼痛及无
法放松。这两类病况常会伴随出现其他各种身体不
舒服的感觉 ， 如头晕、紧张性头痛及全身违和的感
觉。担忧心身健康会持续下降、易怒、快乐感缺失
、及轻微程度的焦虑与忧郁等都是常见的。睡眠的
初期及中期常出障碍 ， 但可能也有过度睡眠的情况
。
疲倦徵候群
若先前有其他身体疾病 ， 可以加以标示。
不包含 ： 无力 ， 其他未明示者 （R53）
过劳 （Z73.0）
疲惫 （R53）
病毒感染後疲惫徵候群 （G93.3）
精神衰弱症 （F48.8）
F51
Nonorganic sleep disorders
In many cases, a disturbance of sleep is one of the symptoms of another disorder, either
mental or physical. Whether a sleep disorder in a given patient is an independent
condition or simply one of the features of another disorder classified elsewhere, either
in this chapter or in others, should be determined on the basis of its clinical
presentation and course as well as on the therapeutic considerations and priorities at the
time of the consultation. Generally, if the sleep disorder is one of the major complaints
and is perceived as a condition in itself, the present code should be used along with
other pertinent diagnoses describing the psychopathology and pathophysiology involved in a
given case. This category includes only those sleep disorders in which emotional causes
are considered to be a primary factor, and which are not due to identifiable physical
disorders classified elsewhere.
Excludes: sleep disorders (organic) (G47.-)
非器质性睡眠障碍症
许多病例中 ， 睡眠障碍常是他种疾病的症状表现之
一 ， 无论是精神或身体的疾病。不论病人的睡眠障
碍是单独出现 ， 或是其他疾病的症状之一 ， 诊断时
必须取决於临床表现、病程发展、治疗考虑、以及
照会时临床问题的优先顺序。一般来说 ， 如果睡眠
障碍是病人一个主诉 ， 同时被视为是重要的问题时
， 那麽除了使用其他能描述精神病理和生理病理问
题的适当诊断之外 ， F51 这个代码的诊断也应被列入
。这个诊断包含主要是由情绪因素所引起的睡眠障
碍 ， 以及其他无法证明是生理疾病引起的睡眠问题
。
不包含 ： 睡眠障碍症 （ 器质性 ） (G47.-)
F63
Habit and impulse disorders
This category includes certain disorders of behaviour that are not classifiable under
other categories. They are characterized by repeated acts that have no clear rational
motivation, cannot be controlled, and generally harm the patient's own interests and those
of other people. The patient reports that the behaviour is associated with impulses to
action. The cause of these disorders is not understood and they are grouped together
because of broad descriptive similarities, not because they are known to share any other
important features.
Excludes: habitual excessive use of alcohol or psychoactive substances (F10-F19)
impulse and habit disorders involving sexual behaviour (F65.-)
习惯和冲动障碍症 ：
此诊断是指在其他项目之诊断所不能分类之行为障
碍 ， 其主要之特徵是在没有合理的动机下 ， 会重覆
出现自己不能控制而伤害别人或自己利益的行为。
这种行为的出现是导因於强烈的冲动。造成如此状
况之原因 ， 尚不十分清楚 ， 其所以会被集合置於此
诊断类别的原因 ， 只是单纯的因为在现象学之描述
上较为相似而已。
不包含 ： 习惯性大量使用酒精或药物 (F10-F19)
F91.2
Socialized conduct disorder
Disorder involving persistent (lissocial or aggressive behaviour (meeting the overall
criteria for F91.- and not merely comprising oppositional, defiant, disruptive behaviour)
occurring in individuals who are generally well integrated into their peer group.
Conduct disorder, group type
Group delinquency
Offences in the context of gang membership
Stealing in company with others
Truancy from school
社会化行为规范障碍症
这类诊断应用於与其同侪团体有整合性关系的儿童
， 而出现持续异规性或攻击性行为 （ 须完全符合 F91
的诊断标准 ， 而且不只是包含反抗 ， 对立 ， 破坏性
行为 ）
群体性行为规范障碍症
集团犯罪
帮派成员之攻击行为
集体偷窃
逃学
F98.2
Feeding disorder of infancy and childhood
A feeding disorder of varying manifestations usually specific to infancy and early
childhood. It generally involves food refusal and extreme faddiness in the presence of an
adequate food supply, a reasonably competent caregiver, and the absence of organic
disease. There may or may not be associated rumination (repeated regurgitation without
nausea or gastrointestinal illness).
Rumination disorder of infancy
Excludes: anorexia nervosa and other eating disorders (F50.-)
feeding:
. difficulties and mismanagement (R63.3)
. problems of newborn (P92.-)
pica of infancy or childhood (F98.3)
婴儿期及儿童期食障碍症
这是一种特发婴儿或儿童早期的食障碍症。是指在
有适当的食物供应 ， 有足能胜任的照顾者 ， 且并无
器质性疾病的状况下 ， 呈现有拒食和严重的偏食 ，
可能并有或不并有反刍现象 （ 意指没有恶心感和肠
胃疾病 ， 却还反覆把食物吐出 ） 。
婴儿反刍症
不包含 ： 厌食症和其他饮食障碍症 (F50.-)
． 食困难和照顾不当 (F63.3)
． 新生儿食问题
婴儿期及儿童期之异食症 (F98.3)
Chapter XVIII 第十八章
SYMPTOMS,SIGNS AND ABNORMAL CLINICAL AND LABORATORY FINDINGS, NOT ELSEWHERE CLASSIFIED
(R00-R99)
症状、候与他处未归类之临床及实验室检查异常所
见 (ROO-R99)
This chapter includes symptoms,signs,abnormal results of
clinical or other investigative procedures,and ill-defined conditions regarding which no
diagnosis classifiable elsewhere is recorded.
本章包含症状、候与其他章节未归类之临床和检查
结果异常 ， 及诊断欠明的病况。
Signs and symptoms that point rather definitely to a given
diagnosis have been assigned to a category in other chapters of the classification. In
general,categories in this chapter include the less well-defined conditions and symptoms
that, without the necessary study of the case to establish a final diagnosis, point
perhaps equally to two or more diseases or to two or more systems of the body. Practically
all categories in the chapter could be designated "not otherwise specified",
"unknown etiology" or "transient " The Alphabetical Index should be
consulted to determine which symptoms and signs are to be allocated here and which to
other chapters. The residual subcategories, numbered .8, are generally provided for other
relevant symptoms that cannot be allocated elsewhere in the classification.
症状与候相当清楚可列入其他章节之疾病诊断时 ，
须列在其他分类章节的范围内。一般来说 ， 列在本
章节的分类 ， 即表明源於诊断未明的病况 ， 含两种
或两种以上多种疾病、多种系统及不需要进一步确
立诊断的病况及候。实际来看 ， 本章的范围可视为
一些其他未明示的、病因欠明或暂时性的症状候 ，
可利用索引来查询症状或候所归类之章节。本章以
(.8) 来代表不易归类之相关症状的其他次分类项。
The conditions and signs or symptoms included in categories
R00-R99 consist of: (a) cases for which no more specific diagnosis can be made even after
all the facts bearing on the case have been investigated;(b) signs or symptoms existing at
the time of initial encounter that proved to be transient and whose causes could not be
determined;(c) provisional diagnoses in a patient who failed to return for further
investigation or care;(d) cases referred elsewhere for investigation or treatment before
the diagnosis was made;(e) cases in which a more precise diagnosis was not available for
any other reason; (f) certain symptoms, for which supplementary information is provided,
that represent important problems in medical care in their own right.
病况、症状及候包含在 ROO 至 R99 类项时 ， 即包含下列
各种情况 (a) 病人检查後 ， 无明示性之诊断 ； (b) 初期
发现且病程短暂及病因无法确认 ； (c) 无法进一步检
查或处理之暂时性诊断 ； (d) 须检查或治疗後才可确
定归类於其他章节的明确诊断 ； (e） 病例无法给予详
细诊断 ； (f) 在重要的医疗问题中症状与候的描述可
给予辅助性的资料时。
Excludes: abnormal findings on antenatal screening of mother
(O28.-)
certain conditions originating in the perinatal period(P00-P96)
不包含 ： 母亲产前检查之异常所见 （O28.-）
源於周产期之病况 （P00-P96）
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