gain [ gein] vt.获得；增加 n.增进
gain on 跑得比…快；逼近
gain/have an advantage胜过，优于
have/gain access to 可以获得
gain/have an advantage
胜过，优于
have/gain access to
可以获得
gain [gein] vt. 赢得;挣得
gain [gein] 增益
不以物喜，不以己悲 not pleased by external gains, not saddened by personnal losses
名利双收 gain in both fame and wealth
千里之行始于足下a thousand-li journey begins with the first step--the highest eminence is to be gained step by step
徇私舞弊 bend the law for personal gain and engage in fraud
以权谋私 abuse of power for personal gains
AGC Automatic Gain Control 自动增益控制
DG Differential Gain 微分增益
GPC Gain Bandwidth 增益带宽
gain control over 获得对……的控制
gain weight 长胖了
(对女人来说) 有三类男人：智慧的情人，尊荣的情人，***的情人。
There are three classes of men: lovers of wisdom, lovers of honor, lovers of gain.
不以物喜，不以己悲
not pleased by external gains, not saddened by personnal losses
名利双收 gain in both fame and wealth
千里之行始于足下
a thousand-li journey begins with the first step--the highest eminence is to be gained step by step
climbing, to gain height 爬升
capital gains 资本收益
By taking a major-related part-job, students can not only improve their academic studies, but gain much experience, experience they will never be able to get from the textbooks.
通过做一份和专业相关的工作，学生不仅能够提高他们的专业能力，而且能获得从课本上得不到的经验。
A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit.．
吃一堑，长一智。
Gain 获得，得到，收益
gain or loss 损益
loss and gain 损益
net capital gain 资本净收益
No pain no gain!
不经一事，不长一智！
No pain，no gain.
不劳无获。
R & M gained market leadership by selling products that were of superior quality.
R&M公司以其产品的卓越品质赢得了市场的领先地位。
The standard of performance has gone up since last year, as the players have gained more experience.
由于演员更有经验了，自去年以来表演水平提高了。
No pain, no gain． 不劳无获。
The people there are fighting to gain their freedom from foreign control.
那里的人民正在为摆脱外国统治争取自由而战斗。
He has gained rich experience in these years.
这些年来，他取得了丰富的经验。
No pain, no gain.
不劳无获。
It may be many years before the new company can gain a secure foothold in the market.
也许要经过若干年这家新公司才能在市场上取得稳固的立足点。
What good does it do a man if he gains the whole world but loses his soul?
如果一个人得到全世界而丧失了灵魂，这对他有何益处呢？
He gained some weight recently.
近来，他的体重增加了。
他发福了。
He has put on weight.
He has gained weight.
He has lost weight. (他瘦了。)
最近你是不是胖了?
Are you gaining weight?
Are you gaining weight? (最近你是不是胖了?)
I'm afraid so. (好像是吧。)
Have you gained weight?
Are you getting fatter? *不礼貌的说法。
Are you losing weight? (最近你是不是瘦了?)
It was well-received in all markets, so a gain of three market share points can be expected.
这在所有市场销售良好，所以获得三成的市场占有率是指日可待的。
我们队占上风。
Our team gained the upper hand.
Humility often gains more than pride.
满招损，谦受益。
A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit.
吃一堑，长一智。
A joke never gains an enemy but often loses a friend.
开玩笑总不能化敌为友，反而有时会失去朋友。
All is not gain that is put in the purse.
放入钱包的钱财，并非都是应得的。
A penny saved is a penny earned(or gained).
省钱就是赚钱。
Do not run too fast after gain.
不要见利就拼命追。
Gain got by a lie will burn one's fingers.
靠欺骗得来的利益会使自己受害。
He that gains time gains all things.
获得时间就是获得一切。
He that gains well and spends well needs no account book.
收支正当，无须记帐。
He who does not gain loses.
无所得即有所失。
He who risks nothing, gains nothing.
不入虎穴，焉得虎子。
Humility often gains more than pride.
谦逊往往比骄傲受益更多。
No gains without pains.
不劳无获。
No great loss without some small gain.
塞翁失马，安知非福。
No pains, no gains.
不劳则无获。
No practice, no gain in one's wit.
吃一堑，长一智。
Nothing venture, nothing win (or have or gain).
不入虎穴，焉得虎子。
Only that which is honestly got is gain.
正当的收入才是真正的收入。
Pain is forgotten where gain follows.
好了伤疤忘了痛。
Politeness costs nothing and gains everything.
礼貌不费分文而可赢得一切。
Prosperity gains (or makes) friends, and adversity tries them.
顺境交朋友，逆境试真情。
Small gains bring great wealth.
小益聚大财，薄利成巨富。
Sometimes the best gain is to lose.
有时大得即大失。
To gain teaches how to spend.
量入为出。
What you lose on the swings you gain (or get back) on the roundabouts.
失之东隅，收之桑榆。
Distance- gain- size-German AVG 距离- 增益- 尺寸（DGS德文为AVG）
Gain 增益
Swept gain 扫描增益
There is no royal road to science,and only those who do not dread the fatiguing climb of its steep paths have a chance of gaining its luminous summits.
Karl Marx, German revolutionary
在科学上没有平坦的大道，只有不畏劳苦沿着其崎岖之路攀登的人，才有希望达到它光辉的顶点。
德国革命家马克恩.K.
A penny saved is a penny gained.
Richard Brckminster Fuller.American architect
省下一分钱等于得到一分钱。
美国建筑师富勒.R.B.
Beauty gains little, and homeliness and deformity lose much , by gaudy attire.
Arthur Zimmermann, German diplomat
华丽的衣着增添不了多少美丽，也颇能掩饰丑陋与畸型。
德国外交家齐默尔曼.A.
Men who can eat anything they want and not gain weight should do it out of sight of women.
那些吃什么都不会发胖的男人不应在女士面前炫耀。
When a woman tries on clothing from her closet that feels tight, she will assume she has gained weight. When a man tries something from his closet that feels tight, he will assume the clothing has shrunk.
一个衣帽间里的女人发现一件衣服变紧了,她会认为自己长胖了。一个衣帽间里的男人发现一件衣服变紧了,他会认为衣服缩水了。
Male menopause is a lot more fun than female menopause. With female menopause you gain weight and get hot flashes. Male menopause－you get to date young girls and drive motorcycles.
男性的更年期比女性的更有趣。更年期中的女人会发胖,爱发火。更年期中的男性会去约会年轻的女孩子,会去开摩托车。
@@@ 处于...
at risk 处于危险中; 冒险
at ware 处于交战状态
be better off doing sth. 日子更好过, 处境更加佳
gain the upper hand 占上风, 处于有利地位
get (sb.) into hot water 使(某人)处于困境
in flux 处于不断变化之中; 动荡不定
in shape 1.在外形上
2.处于良好状态, 健康
in the spotlight 处于公众注意的中心
in trouble 处在不幸/苦恼/困境中
reduce to 变少; 使处于, 使成为(某种情况或状态)
@@@ 益
be good for 有益于; 适于
beneficial to 有利于, 有益于
benefit from 从...中受益
do (sb.) good 对...有益
favorable to 有利于...
for the good of 为了对...有好处; 为了...的利益
gain the upper hand 占上风, 处于有利地位
in favor of 赞成, 支持; 有利于
vantage point (观察、防御、攻击等的)有利位置、视角
@@@ 风
a blast of (wind) 一阵(风)
a gust of wind 一阵狂风
die away (风、声音)逐渐消失; 减少或减弱
gain the upper hand 占上风, 处于有利地位
weather-beaten 经风吹日晒的
over : 转变，改变(indicating transference and change)
hand over 移交
take over 接管
buy over 收买
come over 过来
get over 战胜，克服
gain over 争取过来
win over 争取过来
switch over 转交
turn over 变动，交付
make over 移交
No pain,no gain.
不劳则无获。
gain weight 长胖了
have／gain access to 可以获得
- gain the upper hand 占上风
In strength, their team gain the upper hand ; but in skill, we can have a chip on our shoulder.
Gains and losses are common in business.
赔赚是做生意的常事。
Such products are widely sold in markets abroad. And they are gaining popularity because of their fine quality and competitive prices.
因为具有高质量和价格上的竞争优势，我们的产品在国外市场上很畅销
博得 gain; earned; win; earn
开腰槽 gain
腰槽 gain
博得 [bó dé] /win/gain/
博取 [bó qǔ] /try to gain/court/
不经一事不长一智 [bù jīng yī shì bù zhǎng yī zhì] /you can't gain knowledge without practice/wisdom comes from experience/
不入虎穴焉得虎子 [bù rù hǔ xué yān dé hǔ zǐ] /how can you catch tiger cubs without entering the tiger's lair/nothing venture/nothing to gain or have/
不义之财 [bù yì zhī cái] /ill-gotten wealth or gains/
成果 [chéng guǒ] /result/achievement/gain/profit/
得 [dé] /obtain/get/gain/proper/suitable/proud/contented/allow/permit/ready/finished/
得不偿失 [dé bù cháng shī] /(saying) the gains do not make up for the losses/
果实 [guǒ shí] /fruit/gains/
获取 [huò qǔ] /(v) gain; get; acquire/
谋取 [móu qǔ] /try to gain/seek/obtain/
骗取 [piàn qǔ] /to gain by cheating/
势利 [shì lì] /selfishly concerned with gaining advantages for oneself/
私利 [sī lì] /personal gain/(one's own) selfish interest/
所得 [suǒ dé] /(n) that which one acquires; one's gains/
所得税 [suǒ dé shuì] /(n) tax on one's gains; income tax/
抬头 [tái tóu] /to raise one's head/to gain ground/
心得 [xīn dé] /knowledge gained/
赢得 [yíng dé] /win/gain/
盈利 [yíng lì] /profit/gain/
Well, no gain without pain, they say.
人们说，不劳就无获。
But what about pain without gain?
但是，如果有劳却无获又会怎样呢？
Everywhere you go in America, you hear tales of corporate revival.
在美国，无论你走到哪里都会听到企业复苏的故事。
What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.
商人们自认为的他们所领导的生产力革命是否确有其事，这一点更加难以确定。
Altogether, the US population rose in the 1970s by 23.2 million people — numerically the third-largest growth ever recorded in a single decade.
20世纪70年代，美国人口总共增长了2320万——从数字上看，这是有纪录以来10年期人口增长的第三高峰。
Even so, that gain adds up to only 11.4 percent, lowest in American annual records except for the Depression years.
即使如此，人口总数也只增加了11.4％，除了大萧条时期，这是美国年度记录最低的增长率。
The important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources (private property), and they are permitted to hire labor gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit.
私有企业经济的一个重要因素是允许个人拥有生产资料（私有财产），允许他们雇用劳动力，控制自然资源，通过生产产品、提供服务来获取利润。
{adj: adiabatic} occurring without loss or gain of heat
"adiabatic expansion"
<-> diabatic
{adj: adventurous, adventuresome} willing to undertake or seeking out new and daring enterprises
"adventurous pioneers"
"the risks and gains of an adventuresome economy"
<-> unadventurous
{adj: amateur, recreational, unpaid} engaged in as a pastime
"an amateur painter"
"gained valuable experience in amateur theatricals"
"recreational golfers"
"reading matter that is both recreational and mentally stimulating"
"unpaid extras in the documentary"
{adj: cheating, dirty, foul, unsporting, unsportsmanlike} violating accepted standards or rules
"a dirty fighter"
"used foul means to gain power"
"a nasty unsporting serve"
"fined for unsportsmanlike behavior"
{adj: commercialized, commercialised} organized principally for financial gain
"Christmas has become a commercialized spectacle"
{adj: dirty, ill-gotten} obtained illegally or by improper means
"dirty money"
"ill-gotten gains"
{adj: earned} gained or acquired; especially through merit or as a result of effort or action
"a well-earned reputation for honesty"
"earned income"
"an earned run in baseball"
<-> unearned
{adj: empty-handed, unrewarded} having acquired or gained nothing
"the returned from the negotiations empty-handed"
{adj: full-fledged, fully fledged} (of persons e.g.) having gained full status
"a full-fledged lawyer"
"by the age of seventeen I was a full-fledged atheist"
"sees itself as a fully fledged rival party"
{adj: hardscrabble, marginal} of a bare living gained by great labor
"the sharecropper's hardscrabble life"
"a marginal existence"
{adj: ingratiating, insinuating, ingratiatory} calculated to please or gain favor
"a smooth ingratiating manner"
{adj: lost} not gained or won
"a lost battle"
"a lost prize"
<-> won
{adj: nonprofessional} not professional; not engaged in a profession or engaging in as a profession or for gain
"the nonprofessional wives of his male colleagues"
"nonprofessional actors"
<-> professional
{adj: predaceous, predacious, predatory} living by or given to victimizing others for personal gain
"predatory capitalists"
"a predatory, insensate society in which innocence and decency can prove fatal"- Peter S. Prescott
"a predacious kind of animal--the early geological gangster"- W.E.Swinton
{adj: profitable} promoting benefit or gain
"a profitable meeting to resolve difficulties"
{adj: profitable} yielding material gain or profit
"profitable speculation on the stock market"
<-> unprofitable
{adj: single, undivided, exclusive} not divided among or brought to bear on more than one object or objective
"judging a contest with a single eye"
"a single devotion to duty"
"undivided affection"
"gained their exclusive attention"
{adj: taken} having possession gained especially by force or effort
<-> given
{adj: unearned} not gained by merit or labor or service
"accepted the unearned rewards that came his ways as well as the unearned criticism"
"unearned income"
"an unearned run"
<-> earned
{adj: unmercenary} not mercenary; not influenced by financial gains
{adj: unprofitable} producing little or no profit or gain
"deposits abandoned by mining companies as unprofitable"
<-> profitable
{adj: unscrupulous} without scruples or principles
"unscrupulous politicos who would be happy to sell...their country in order to gain power"
<-> scrupulous
{adj: unstudied} lacking knowledge gained by study often in a particular field
"is unstudied in Latin as he is in may other matters"
{adv: backstage} out of view of the public; behind the scenes
"Working backstage to gain political support for his proposal"
"many private deals were made backstage at the convention"
{adv: downhill} toward the bottom of a hill
"running downhill, he gained a lot of speed"
{adv: profitlessly, unprofitably, gainlessly} without gain or profit
{adv: unashamedly, shamelessly, barefacedly} without shame
"he unashamedly abandoned the project when he realized he would not gain from it"
<-> ashamedly
{n: Algeria, Algerie, Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria} a republic in northwestern Africa on the Mediterranean Sea with a population that is predominantly Sunni Muslim; colonized by France in the 19th century but gained autonomy in the early 1960s
{n: Bruce, Robert the Bruce, Robert I} King of Scotland from 1306 to 1329; defeated the English army under Edward II at Bannockburn and gained recognition of Scottish independence (1274-1329)
{n: Burkina Faso, Upper Volta} a desperately poor landlocked country in western Africa; was formerly Upper Volta under French rule but gained independence in 1960
{n: Gould, Jay Gould} United States financier who gained control of the Erie Canal and who caused a financial panic in 1869 when he attempted to corner the gold market (1836-1892)
{n: Hercules, Heracles, Herakles, Alcides} (classical mythology) a hero noted for his strength; performed 12 immense labors to gain immortality
{n: Houston, Sam Houston, Samuel Houston} United States politician and military leader who fought to gain independence for Texas from Mexico and to make it a part of the United States (1793-1863)
{n: Kirchhoff's laws} (physics) two laws governing electric networks in which steady currents flow: the sum of all the currents at a point is zero and the sum of the voltage gains and drops around any closed circuit is zero
{n: Monopoly} a board game in which players try to gain a monopoly on real estate as pieces advance around the board according to the throw of a die
{n: Nash equilibrium} (game theory) a stable state of a system that involves several interacting participants in which no participant can gain by a change of strategy as long as all the other participants remain unchanged
{n: Niger, Republic of Niger} a landlocked republic in West Africa; gained independence from France in 1960; most of the country is dominated by the Sahara Desert
{n: Nigeria, Federal Republic of Nigeria} a republic in West Africa on the Gulf of Guinea; gained independence from Britain in 1960; most populous African country
{n: Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, PFLP} a terrorist group of limited popularity formed in 1967 after the Six-Day War; combined Marxist-Leninist ideology with Palestinian nationalism; used terrorism to gain attention for their cause; hoped to eliminate the state of Israel
{n: Premium Bond} a government bond that bears no interest or capital gains but enters the holder into lotteries
{n: Revolutionary United Front, RUF} a terrorist group formed in the 1980s in Sierra Leone; seeks to overthrow the government and gain control of the diamond producing regions; responsible for attacks on civilians and children, widespread torture and murder and using children to commit atrocities; sponsored by the president of Liberia
{n: Saint Lucia, St. Lucia} a country on the island of Saint Lucia; gained independence from Great Britain in 1979
{n: Savonarola, Girolamo Savonarola} Italian religious and political reformer; a Dominican friar in Florence who preached against sin and corruption and gained a large following; he expelled the Medici from Florence but was later excommunicated and executed for criticizing the Pope (1452-1498)
{n: Sigurd} (Norse mythology) mythical Norse warrior hero who gains an accursed hoard of gold and was killed by Brynhild; Siegfried is the German counterpart
{n: Wallace, Sir William Wallace} Scottish insurgent who led the resistance to Edward I; in 1297 he gained control of Scotland briefly until Edward invaded Scotland again and defeated Wallace and subsequently executed him (1270-1305)
{n: Zambia, Republic of Zambia, Northern Rhodesia} a republic in central Africa; formerly controlled by Great Britain and called Northern Rhodesia until it gained independence within the commonwealth in 1964
{n: accession, rise to power} the act of attaining or gaining access to a new office or right or position (especially the throne)
"Elizabeth's accession in 1558"
{n: access} the act of approaching or entering
"he gained access to the building"
{n: acquirer} a corporation gaining financial control over another corporation or financial institution through a payment in cash or an exchange of stock
{n: addition, increase, gain} a quantity that is added
"there was an addition to property taxes this year"
"they recorded the cattle's gain in weight over a period of weeks"
{n: adiabatic process} (thermodynamics) any process that occurs without gain or loss of heat
{n: amplification, gain} the amount of increase in signal power or voltage or current expressed as the ratio of output to input
{n: angler} a scheming person; someone who schemes to gain an advantage
{n: beachhead, foothold} an initial accomplishment that opens the way for further developments
"the town became a beachhead in the campaign to ban smoking outdoors"
"they are presently attempting to gain a foothold in the Russian market"
{n: bid, play} an attempt to get something
"they made a futile play for power"
"he made a bid to gain attention"
{n: biofeedback} a training program in which a person is given information about physiological processes (heart rate or blood pressure) that is not normally available with the goal of gaining conscious control of them
{n: blarney, coaxing, soft soap, sweet talk} flattery designed to gain favor
{n: blue ribbon, cordon bleu} an honor or award gained for excellence
{n: bribery, graft} the practice of offering something (usually money) in order to gain an illicit advantage
{n: capital gains tax} a tax on capital gains
"he avoided the capital gains tax by short selling"
{n: capital gain} the amount by which the selling price of an asset exceeds the purchase price; the gain is realized when the asset is sold
{n: capture, gaining control, seizure} the act of forcibly dispossessing an owner of property
{n: chandelle} a flight maneuver consisting of a steep climbing turn executed to gain altitude while changing direction
{n: charm campaign} a campaign of flattery and friendliness (by a company, politician, etc.) to become more popular and gain support
{n: competition} a business relation in which two parties compete to gain customers
"business competition can be fiendish at times"
{n: corruptness, corruption} lack of integrity or honesty (especially susceptibility to bribery); use of a position of trust for dishonest gain
<-> incorruptness
{n: countercoup} a sudden and decisive overthrow of a government that gained power by a coup d'etat
{n: cracker} a programmer who `cracks' (gains unauthorized access to) computers, typically to do malicious things
"crackers are often mistakenly called hackers"
{n: divestiture} an order to an offending party to rid itself of property; it has the purpose of depriving the defendant of the gains of wrongful behavior
"the court found divestiture to be necessary in preventing a monopoly"
{n: down} (American football) a complete play to advance the football
"you have four downs to gain ten yards"
{n: escalader} someone who gains access by the use of ladders
{n: exchange} (chess) gaining (or losing) a rook in return for a knight or bishop
"black lost the exchange"
{n: fiduciary} a person who holds assets in trust for a beneficiary
"it is illegal for a fiduciary to misappropriate money for personal gain"
{n: financial gain} the amount of monetary gain
{n: fraud, fraudulence, dupery, hoax, humbug, put-on} something intended to deceive; deliberate trickery intended to gain an advantage
{n: frequency-response curve, frequency-response characteristic} (electronics) a graph of frequency response with signal amplitude or gain plotted against frequency
{n: frontage road, service road} a local road that runs parallel to an expressway and allows local traffic to gain access to property
{n: gainer, weight gainer} a person who gains weight
{n: gainer} a person who gains (gains an advantage or gains profits)
"she was clearly the gainer in that exchange"
{n: gain} the amount by which the revenue of a business exceeds its cost of operating
<-> loss
{n: gambler, risk taker} someone who risks loss or injury in the hope of gain or excitement
{n: gamble} money that is risked for possible monetary gain
{n: game theory, theory of games} (economics) a theory of competition stated in terms of gains and losses among opposing players
{n: giveaway} a gift of public land or resources for the private gain of a limited group
{n: gravity-assist} (spaceflight) a trajectory that passes close to a planetary body in order to gain energy from its gravitational field
{n: ground} a position to be won or defended in battle (or as if in battle)
"they gained ground step by step"
"they fought to regain the lost ground"
{n: growth stock} stock of a corporation that has had faster than average gains in earnings and is expected to continue to
{n: head linesman} a football official in charge of recording yardage gained or loss
{n: holdout} a negotiator who hopes to gain concessions by refusing to come to terms
"their star pitcher was a holdout for six weeks"
{n: income} the financial gain (earned or unearned) accruing over a given period of time
<-> outgo
{n: ingratiation, insinuation} the act of gaining acceptance or affection for yourself by persuasive and subtle blandishments
"she refused to use insinuation in order to gain favor"
{n: instrument, pawn, cat's-paw} a person used by another to gain an end
{n: intern, interne, houseman, medical intern} an advanced student or graduate in medicine gaining supervised practical experience (`houseman' is a British term)
{n: investor} someone who commits capital in order to gain financial returns
{n: ionic bond, electrovalent bond, electrostatic bond} a chemical bond in which one atom loses an electron to form a positive ion and the other atom gains to electron to form a negative ion
{n: ion} a particle that is electrically charged (positive or negative); an atom or molecule or group that has lost or gained one or more electrons
{n: knocker} a person who knocks (as seeking to gain admittance)
"open the door and see who the knocker is"
{n: leech, parasite, sponge, sponger} a follower who hangs around a host (without benefit to the host) in hope of gain or advantage
{n: leverage, leveraging} investing with borrowed money as a way to amplify potential gains (at the risk of greater losses)
{n: leverage, purchase} the mechanical advantage gained by being in a position to use a lever
{n: local road, local street} a street that is primarily used to gain access to the property bordering it
{n: logrolling} act of exchanging favors for mutual gain; especially trading of influence or votes among legislators to gain passage of certain projects
{n: loop gain} (telecommunication) the gain of a feedback amplifier or system as a function of how much output is fed back to the input
"if the loop gain is too great the system may go into oscillation"
{n: lore, traditional knowledge} knowledge gained through tradition or anecdote
"early peoples passed on plant and animal lore through legend"
{n: loss, red ink, red} the amount by which the cost of a business exceeds its revenue
"the company operated at a loss last year"
"the company operated in the red last year"
<-> gain
{n: maneuver, manoeuvre, tactical maneuver, tactical manoeuvre} a move made to gain a tactical end
{n: manhole} a hole (usually with a flush cover) through which a person can gain access to an underground structure
{n: methyltestosterone} an androgenic compound contained in drugs that are used to treat testosterone deficiency and female breast cancer and to stimulate growth and weight gain
{n: naval campaign} an operation conducted primarily by naval forces in order to gain or extend or maintain control of the sea
{n: paper profit} an unrealized gain on an investment calculated by subtracting the investor's cost from the current market price
<-> paper loss
{n: party, political party} an organization to gain political power
"in 1992 Perot tried to organize a third party at the national level"
{n: passer, forward passer} (football) a ball carrier who tries to gain ground by throwing a forward pass
{n: perception} knowledge gained by perceiving
"a man admired for the depth of his perception"
{n: personal identification number, PIN, PIN number} a number you choose and use to gain access to various accounts
{n: perversity, perverseness} deliberately deviating from what is good
"there will always be a few people who, through macho perversity, gain satisfaction from bullying and terrorism"
{n: ploce} (rhetoric) repetition to gain special emphasis or extend meaning
{n: politician} a schemer who tries to gain advantage in an organization in sly or underhanded ways
{n: price war, price competition} intense competition in which competitors cut retail prices to gain business
{n: profit, gain} the advantageous quality of being beneficial
{n: profitableness, profitability, gainfulness, lucrativeness} the quality of affording gain or benefit or profit
<-> unprofitability, unprofitableness
{n: proxy fight} a measure used by an acquirer to gain control of a takeover target; acquirer tries to persuade other shareholders that the management of the target should be replaced
{n: purchase} a means of exerting influence or gaining advantage
"he could get no purchase on the situation"
{n: questionnaire} a form containing a set of questions; submitted to people to gain statistical information
{n: recommendation, passport} any quality or characteristic that gains a person a favorable reception or acceptance or admission
"her pleasant personality is already a recommendation"
"his wealth was not a passport into the exclusive circles of society"
{n: reconnaissance plane} a military airplane used to gain information about an enemy
{n: reconnaissance, reconnaissance mission} the act of reconnoitring (especially to gain information about an enemy or potential enemy)
"an exchange of fire occurred on a reconnaissance mission"
{n: rusher} (football) a ball carrier who tries to gain ground by running with the ball
{n: sacrifice} personnel that are sacrificed (e.g., surrendered or lost in order to gain an objective)
{n: scholar, scholarly person, bookman, student} a learned person (especially in the humanities); someone who by long study has gained mastery in one or more disciplines
{n: scouting trip} an expedition undertaken to gain information
{n: scouting, exploratory survey, reconnoitering, reconnoitring} exploring in order to gain information
"scouting in enemy territory is very dangerous"
{n: seeking} an attempt to acquire or gain something
{n: sensationalist, ballyhoo artist} someone who uses exaggerated or lurid material in order to gain public attention
{n: sparring} an argument in which the participants are trying to gain some advantage
{n: speculator, plunger} someone who risks losses for the possibility of considerable gains
{n: start, head start} advantage gained by an beginning early (as in a race)
"with an hour's start he will be hard to catch"
{n: stature} high level of respect gained by impressive development or achievement
"a man of great stature"
{n: stunt} a difficult or unusual or dangerous feat; usually done to gain attention
{n: sycophant, toady, crawler, lackey} a person who tries to please someone in order to gain a personal advantage
{n: symbiosis, mutualism} the relation between two different species of organisms that are interdependent; each gains benefits from the other
{n: temporizer, temporiser} someone who temporizes; someone who tries to gain time or who waits for a favorable time
{n: trust, corporate trust, combine, cartel} a consortium of independent organizations formed to limit competition by controlling the production and distribution of a product or service
"they set up the trust in the hope of gaining a monopoly"
{n: two-tier bid} a takeover bid where the acquirer offers to pay more for the shares needed to gain control than for the remaining shares
{n: unprofitableness, unprofitability} the quality of affording no gain or no benefit or no profit
<-> profitability, profitableness
{n: upstart, parvenu, nouveau-riche, arriviste} a person who has suddenly risen to a higher economic status but has not gained social acceptance of others in that class
{n: vocational rehabilitation} providing training in a specific trade with the aim of gaining employment
{n: wash} any enterprise in which losses and gains cancel out
"at the end of the year the accounting department showed that it was a wash"
{n: waste, wastefulness, dissipation} useless or profitless activity; using or expending or consuming thoughtlessly or carelessly
"if the effort brings no compensating gain it is a waste"
"mindless dissipation of natural resources"
{n: weight gaining} bodybuilding that increases muscle mass and body weight
{n: zero-sum game} a game in which the total of all the gains and losses is zero
{v: access, get at} reach or gain access to
"How does one access the attic in this house?"
"I cannot get to the T.V. antenna, even if I climb on the roof"
{v: achieve, accomplish, attain, reach} to gain with effort
"she achieved her goal despite setbacks"
{v: acquire, win, gain} win something through one's efforts
"I acquired a passing knowledge of Chinese"
"Gain an understanding of international finance"
<-> lose
{v: advance, gain} rise in rate or price
"The stock market gained 24 points today"
{v: appreciate, apprize, apprise, revalue} gain in value
"The yen appreciated again!"
<-> depreciate
{v: average, average out} amount to or come to an average, without loss or gain
"The number of hours I work per work averages out to 40"
{v: bamboozle, snow, hoodwink, pull the wool over someone's eyes, lead by the nose, play false} conceal one's true motives from especially by elaborately feigning good intentions so as to gain an end
"He bamboozled his professors into thinking that he knew the subject well"
{v: break even} attain a level at which there is neither gain nor loss, as in business, gambling, or a competitive sport
{v: buy time} act so as to delay an event or action in order to gain an advantage
{v: consolidate} make firm or secure ; strengthen
"consolidate one's gains"
"consolidate one's hold on first place"
{v: corner} gain control over
"corner the gold market"
{v: crusade, fight, press, campaign, push, agitate} exert oneself continuously, vigorously, or obtrusively to gain an end or engage in a crusade for a certain cause or person ; be an advocate for
"The liberal party pushed for reforms"
"She is crusading for women's rights"
"The Dean is pushing for his favorite candidate"
{v: derive, gain} obtain
"derive pleasure from one's garden"
{v: develop, acquire, evolve} gain through experience
"I acquired a strong aversion to television"
"Children must develop a sense of right and wrong"
"Dave developed leadership qualities in his new position"
"develop a passion for painting"
{v: discipline, correct, sort out} punish in order to gain control or enforce obedience
"The teacher disciplined the pupils rather frequently"
{v: experiment, try out} try something new, as in order to gain experience
"Students experiment sexually"
"The composer experimented with a new style"
{v: extrapolate} gain knowledge of (an area not known or experienced) by extrapolating
{v: fall back, lose, drop off, fall behind, recede} retreat
<-> gain
{v: fawn, toady, truckle, bootlick, kowtow, kotow, suck up} try to gain favor by cringing or flattering
"He is always kowtowing to his boss"
{v: gain, advance, win, pull ahead, make headway, get ahead, gain ground} obtain advantages, such as points, etc.
"The home team was gaining ground"
"After defeating the Knicks, the Blazers pulled ahead of the Lakers in the battle for the number-one playoff berth in the Western Conference"
<-> fall back
{v: gain, put on} increase (one's body weight)
"She gained 20 pounds when she stopped exercising"
<-> reduce
{v: gain, take in, clear, make, earn, realize, realise, pull in, bring in} earn on some commercial or business transaction ; earn as salary or wages
"How much do you make a month in your new job?"
"She earns a lot in her new job"
"this merger brought in lots of money"
"He clears $5,000 each month"
{v: gain} increase in
"gain momentum"
"gain nerve"
{v: grow} become larger, greater, or bigger ; expand or gain
"The problem grew too large for me"
"Her business grew fast"
{v: heat, hot up, heat up} gain heat or get hot
"The room heated up quickly"
<-> cool
{v: ingratiate} gain favor with somebody by deliberate efforts
{v: learn, larn, acquire} acquire or gain knowledge or skills
"She learned dancing from her sister"
"I learned Sanskrit"
"Children acquire language at an amazing rate"
{v: let out, widen} make (clothes) larger
"Let out that dress--I gained a lot of weight"
<-> take in
{v: pacify, lenify, conciliate, assuage, appease, mollify, placate, gentle, gruntle} cause to be more favorably inclined ; gain the good will of
"She managed to mollify the angry customer"
{v: pack on} gain (weight)
"He packed on two pounds over the summer"
{v: perk up, perk, percolate, pick up, gain vigor} gain or regain energy
"I picked up after a nap"
{v: predispose} make susceptible
"This illness predisposes you to gain weight"
{v: profit, gain, benefit} derive a benefit from
"She profited from his vast experience"
{v: profit, turn a profit} make a profit ; gain money or materially
"The company has not profited from the merger"
<-> lose
{v: reach, make, attain, hit, arrive at, gain} reach a destination, either real or abstract
"We hit Detroit by noon"
"The water reached the doorstep"
"We barely made it to the finish line"
"I have to hit the MAC machine before the weekend starts"
{v: reduce, melt off, lose weight, slim, slenderize, thin, slim down} take off weight
<-> gain
{v: regret} be sorry
"I regret to say that you did not gain admission to Harvard"
{v: renegociate, renegotiate} revise the terms of in order to limit or regain excess profits gained by the contractor
"We renegociated our old mortgage now that the interest rates have come down"
{v: score, hit, tally, rack up} gain points in a game
"The home team scored many times"
"He hit a home run"
"He hit .300 in the past season"
{v: sell} be approved of or gain acceptance
"The new idea sold well in certain circles"
{v: strengthen} gain strength
"His body strengthened"
<-> weaken
{v: take heart, buck up} gain courage
{v: temporize, temporise} draw out a discussion or process in order to gain time
"The speaker temporized in order to delay the vote"
{v: thrive, prosper, fly high, flourish} gain in wealth
{v: work off} cause to go away through effort or work
"work off the extra pounds you have gained over the holidays"
"we must work off the debt"
One school of thought attributed the Korean economic recovery to one fuelled by domestic demand coming from a class of new-rich middle class and, lately, gains from the Korean stockmarket.
有一派学者认为，韩国经济复苏应归功于国内需求－来自于中产阶级中新富起来的一个阶层－和最近韩国股市收益的刺激。
In one 24-hour period, new births in China number about 52,056 while deaths in the same period are about 12,960 for a net population gain per day of 39,096.
在 24小时这一时段内，中国的新生儿数量约为 52, 056名，而同一时间内的死亡人数约为 12, 960人，这样每天净增人口 39, 096人。
It was her hope that in speaking with these " conflict journalists " she would gain a greater understanding of her brother and why he died.
埃米希望，通过与这些 "报道冲突的新闻工作者 "的对话，她能加深对她哥哥的了解，以及搞清楚使她哥哥走上不归路的事实真相。
Driving this economic transformation is the combination of shrinking computers and expanding communications, he says, adding: " We have seen only the beginnings of the anxiety, loss, excitement, and gains that many people will experience as our world shifts to a new highly technical planetary economy. "
他说，正是日益缩小的电脑与不断壮大的通讯业的结合在推动着这种经济变革。他还补充说： "我们已看到的仅仅是我们的世界向一个新的高科技全球经济转变时许多人将体验到的焦虑、失落、激动与成就的开端。 "
Similarly, expensive cell phones are offered as freebies to gain contracts for phone services.
同样昂贵的手机也可作为馈赠物品来获取电话服务业务。
The high regard for education which is deeply imbedded in Chinese culture, and the willingness to work very hard to gain advancement, are other noteworthy characteristics of theirs.
深植于中国文化里对教育的高度重视，以及努力工作以得到发展的心愿，是他们具有的其他显著特征。
As American attitudes toward minorities and toward ethnic differences have changed in recent years, the long-reviled Chinese have gained wide acceptance.
因近年来美国人对少数民族和对种族、宗教上的文化差异的态度有所改变，长期被谩骂的中国人已得到广泛的承认。
By the end of the course the migraine was gone...
到这个疗程结束时，偏头痛消失了……
and I too had gained something very special because all those hours of meditation forced me to look deep inside myself.
而我也因为所有那些小时的冥想强迫我去深入地审视自己而获得了非常特殊的东西。
His views gain some sympathy from Mary Newburn, the head of policy research at Britain's National Childbirth Trust.
他的观点得到英国国家分娩联合会政策研究主仟玛丽·纽伯恩的一些同情。
Since nobody has claimed the advertised reward for the Capellos ' stolen knife, he insinuates that the knife never existed or was never stolen: the Italians invented the affair to gain attention and prestige.
卡佩洛兄弟为寻刀而悬赏，但无人来领赏，汤姆因此向人们暗示，此刀要么根本不存在，要么从未被盗走。其言下之意是：意大利人捏造这一事件旨在哗众取宠，借以扬名。
Boosted by the daughters of Ali and Frazier, women's boxing is losing its novelty-act status and gaining real fans.
由于阿里和弗莱契亚的女儿们的促进，女子拳击正在由一项新奇的体育赛事成为赢得真正拳击迷的项目。
Early attempts to create a practical alternative to credit cards for online financial transactions have been slow to gain consumer confidence.
此前，为网上交易寻求信用卡替代产品的尝试一直难以赢得消费者的认同。
First, you open a free account with Beenz.com, a New York-based outfit that's been in business since 1998.
首先，你在 Beenz.com 网站上开立一个免费帐户。该公司于 1998年开业，总部设在纽约。
You earn beenz by visiting certain websites that give beenz away to reward customer loyalty, in exchange for personal information or as a reward to surfers for just showing up.
访问一些奖励上网者的网站，向这些网站提供一些个人信息，或者仅仅是点击这些网站，你就能挣得 beenz 货币。
United's pairing with US Airways, for instance, strengthens its position in the East, where it would have had a long, costly fight to gain market share.
美国联合航空公司与合众国航空公司的合并加强了美联航在美国东部的地位。否则，要在美国东部获得如此大的市场份额，美国联合航空公司必需经过长期奋斗，并付出高昂的代价。
Keiko, whose public performances were stopped, gained 900 kilos, mostly in muscle weight, within 18 months of arriving in Oregon.
凯科到达俄勒冈州后，不必再为游客进行表演， 18个月内体重（主要是肌肉重量）增加了 900公斤。
When a skill is gained or an insight reached by one machine, billions of other machines will instantaneously attain the same wisdom.
当一台电脑获得一项技能或者具备一悟性，其他数十亿台电脑也将同步达到相同的智力水平。
Now a diversity of techniques and styles are gaining acceptance.
现在，有多种技术风格正在获得承认。
Legend broke away from the competition, and has been steadily gaining market share ever since.
联想在竞争中脱颖而出，此后在国内市场所占份额逐年上升。
To gain state permission to manufacture their new model, they had to lug their prototype to the Minister for Light Industry 2,000 km away in Beijing.
为获得国家生产批准证书，他们不得不将他们的产品模型拉到 2, 000公里以外的北京，接受轻工业部部长的审查。
Manila Tipping is common in Manila, and anything above 10% will gain you undying loyalty.
马尼拉在马尼拉给小费是很平常的事。只要付 10%以上的服务费就能换来忠心耿耿的服务。
Like the designers of Formula One racecars, the creators of these high-tech, high-performance sloops seek constant technical improvement to gain an extra advantage.
和一级方程式赛车的设计者一样，设计这些采用了高科技的高性能单桅帆船的工程师同样需要不断改进技术，以便赢得一种特殊优势。
But a separation can give couples time to calm down, renegotiate the rules of the relationship and gain some needed distance.
不管怎样，分居的确能让夫妻双方有时间静心思考，重新商讨双方的关系规则，使双方保持必要的距离。
In Kalundborg, Denmark exists an " eco-industrial park " It shows how much can be gained by recycling and resource sharing.
丹麦的凯隆堡市有一个生态工业区。资源共享与重复利用的好处在这里一览无遗。
At first, advances in treatment will probably result in only modest gains.
刚开始时，疗法的改进也许不会取得显著的疗效。
With Tomber la Chemise reaching the top of the charts in France and gaining adherents for Zebda in Spain and even Canada, Cherfi says the challenge now is to hang onto the new fans without betraying the band's dedication to heavier, more troublesome issues.
随着《脱下你的球衫来》登上法国流行音乐排行榜榜首，并逐步在西班牙甚至加拿大为 Zebda 乐队赢得更多的追随者，彻尔弗说，现在的问题是，乐队在赢得更多乐迷的同时，不要背弃乐队的一大宗旨：关注更沉重、更棘手的社会问题。
By the year 2025, AIDS will be by far the major killer of young Africans, decreasing life expectancy to as low as 40 years in some countries and single-handedly erasing the public health gains of the past 50 years.
到 2025年，爱滋病将成为杀害非洲年轻人的最大凶手，在一些国家，人口的预计寿命将会降低至 40岁，过去 50年在公共卫生领域所取得的的成就，就这样被轻易抹煞得干干净净。
For their financial support, these firms gain access to the experiments but can not control them.
这些提供资金的公司可以了解、但不能控制实验的进程和结果。
Researchers even suggest that most adults can safely gain 10 pounds every decade without cutting their life short.
研究人员甚至认为大多数成年人每 10年增加 10磅体重没有任何危险，不会影响寿命。
However, as they gained cohesion, the Bluestockings came to regard themselves as a women's group and to possess a sense of female solidarity lacking in the salonnieres, who remained isolated from one another by the primacy each held in her own salon.
然则，随着她们获得的凝聚力，她们渐趋将自己视作一女性团体，并拥有了一种妇女团结意识，而这种意识在法国沙龙女主人身上则荡然无存，因为她们每个人在其自己的沙龙中自视甚高而彼此孤立隔绝开来。
Unless they succeed, the yield gains of the Green Revolution will be largely lost even if the genes in legumes that equip those plants to enter into a symbiosis with nitrogen fixers are identified and isolated, and even if the transfer of those gene complexes, once they are found, becomes possible.
除非他们能取得成功，不然的话，绿色革命的产量收益将在很大程度上损失殆尽，即使豆科植物中使这些植物有条件进入到与固氮细菌共生关系的基因可被辨识出来和分离开来的话，且即使这些基因综合体（gene complex），一旦被发现之后，其移植得以成为可能的话。
Thus, scientists could study these Watanabe rabbits to gain a better understanding of familial hypercholesterolemia in humans.
因此，科学家们可以对这些渡氏老鼠进行研究，以获取一种对人体内部家族性高胆固醇血症的更好理解。
The recent change to all-volunteer armed forces in the United States will eventually produce a gradual increase in the proportion of women in the armed forces and in the variety of women's assignments, but probably not the dramatic gains for women that might have been expected.
最近，美国的武装部队改变为全志愿兵（all-ovlunteer）建制，这将最终造成武装部队中女性比例的增加，以及女性所执行任务的种类的增加，但或许并不会象人们可能所已期待的那样，给女性带来戏剧化的裨益。
The president wants to allow younger workers to invest part of their Social Security taxes in financial markets, in the hopes of gaining a higher rate of return.
布什想要允许年轻的工人在金融市场中为他们自己的社会保险税来部分投资，希望能获得较高的回报率。
Mr. Greenspan was generally upbeat about the condition of the U.S. economy. Inflation, he said, is under control and growth, which resumed in 2002 and gained strength over the next two years, is continuing.
格林斯潘先生对美国的经济总的来说感到乐观，美国的通货膨胀得到控制，在2002年恢复增长，国民经济的增长力度将在今后2年继续加强。
Interest in the site is driven in part by satellite images that suggest the testing of high explosives at the facility. But without actually gaining access first hand, experts say such components could just as easily have non-nuclear applications.
这个设施之所以引起关注是因为卫星图像显示那里可能试验了烈性爆炸物。但是专家说，必须实地考察，取得第一手资料，否则那些实验也许的确不是核实验。
Wangari Maathai is the first African woman ever to win the Nobel Peace Prize. She says the challenge ahead is to turn the experience she has gained into laws that insure the protection of the environment for the future.
马塔伊是第一位获得诺贝尔和平奖的非洲女性。她说，接下来的挑战是把她的经验法制化，从而确保为未来保护环境。
In his early years, Yasser Arafat gained a reputation as a ruthless terrorist. By 1988, Mr. Arafat had begun to make the transition to diplomacy. That was when he told the United Nations the P-L-O would recognize Israel as a sovereign state.
阿拉法特早年以冷酷的恐怖分子著称。1988年，阿拉法特改变立场，谋求通过外交途径解决巴勒斯坦问题。当时，阿拉法特对联合国说，巴解组织愿意承认以色列是一个主权国家。
Republican Senator John McCain had an equally upbeat view of Mr. Bush's performance."I think that where the president gained an advantage was on his continued reference, and [a] legitimate one, to his steadfastness and his unwavering commitment to winning this war on terror," he said.
共和党参议员麦凯恩对布什的表现表示了同样的乐观。他说：“我认为布什总统占优势的地方是他不止一次，当然，也是很合理的指出他的坚持和他始终不变的要赢得反恐战争胜利的决心。”
"We recognize that there is a world in which terrorists are attempting to gain access, either to nuclear weapons, or materials, and we intend to stop them," he said.
亚伯拉罕说：“我们认识到，恐怖分子想搞到核武器或者核材料。我们打算阻止他们。”
capital gain tax 财产收益税
tax on capital gain 资本利得税
市况上扬:
The market advances.
The market gains.
The market rises.
spsc-41113618
Gain measuring instruments
增益测量器
spsc-93161503
Capital gains tax
资本所得税
MALNUTRITION (E40-E46)
Note: The degree of malnutrition is usually measured in terms of weight, expressed in
standard deviations from the mean of the relevant reference population. When one or more
previous measurements are available, lack of weight gain in children, or evidence of
weight loss in children or adults, is usually indicative of malnutrition. When only one
measurement is available, the diagnosis is based on probabilities and is not definitive
without other clinical or laboratory tests. In the exceptional circumstances that no
measurement of weight is available, reliance should be placed on clinical evidence. If an
observed weight is below the mean value of the reference population, there is a high
probability of severe malnutrition if there is an observed value situated 3 or more
standard deviations below the mean value of the reference population; a high probability
of moderate malnutrition for an observed value located between 2 and less than 3 standard
deviations below this mean; and a high probability of mild malnutrition for an observed
value located between 1 and less than 2 standard deviations below this mean.
Excludes: intestinal malabsorption (K90.-)
nutritional anaemias (D50-D53)
sequelae of protein-energy malnutrition (E64.0)
slim disease (B22.2)
starvation (T73.0)
营养不良 (E40-E46)
注 ： 营养不良的程度 ， 通常以体重与关联参考人口
相比较 ， 以低多少标准差来表示。曾经一次或多次
量体重时 ， 如果小孩没有增加体重 ， 或如果小孩或
成人体重减少 ， 通常表示营养不良。只有一项数据
时 ， 只能根据或然率诊断 ， 如无其他临床或实验室
检查佐证 ， 则无法确定。如有特殊情况没有体重值
时 ， 只能依赖临床证据。如果所测体重在参考人口
的平均值以下 3 个或更多标准差时 ， 有严重的营养不
良的可能性很高 ； 如果比该平均值低於 2 至 3 个标准
差时 ， 中度营养不良的可能性很高 ； 测得数值比该
平均值低 1 至 2 个标准差时 ， 轻度营养不良的可能性
很高。
不包含 ： 肠吸收不良 (K90.-)
营养性贫血 (D50-D53)
蛋白质及热量短缺性营养不良的後遗症 (E64.0)
纤弱性疾病 (B22.2)
绝食 (T73.0)
E43
Unspecified severe protein-energy malnutrition
Severe loss of weight [wasting] in children or adults, or lack of weight gain in children
leading to an observed weight that is at least 3 standard deviations below the mean value
for the reference population (or a similar loss expressed through other statistical
approaches). When only one measurement is available, there is a high probability of severe
wasting when the observed weight is 3 or more standard deviations below the mean of the
reference population.
Starvation oedema
未明示的严重蛋白质及热量缺乏性营养不良
儿童或成人严重减轻体重 （ 消瘦 ） ， 或儿童体重不
增 ， 导致所测体重值降到比参考人口之平均值至少
低了 3 个标准差 （ 或用其他统计学方法显示类似程度
的体重减幅 ） 。如果只有一个观察值 ， 而且比参考
人口之平均值低 3 个或更多标准差时 ， 严重消瘦的可
能性高。
饥饿性水肿
E44.0
Moderate protein-energy malnutrition
Weight loss in children or adults, or lack of weight gain in children leading to an
observed weight that is 2 or more but less than 3 standard deviations below the mean value
for the reference population (or a similar loss expressed through other statistical
approaches). When only one measurement is available, there is a high probability of
moderate protein-energy malnutrition when the observed weight is 2 or more but less than 3
standard deviations below the mean of the reference population.
中度蛋白质及热量缺乏性营养不良
儿童或成人体重减轻 ， 或儿童体重不增 ， 导致所测
体重值比参考人口的平均值低 2 至 3 个标准差 （ 或用
其他统计学方法显示类似程度的体重减幅 ） 。如果
只有一个观察值 ， 而且比参考人口之平均值低 2 至 3
个标准差时 ， 中度蛋白质及热量缺乏性营养不良的
可能性高。
E44.1
Mild protein-energy malnutrition
Weight loss in children or adults, or lack of weight gain in children leading to an
observed weight that is 1 or more but less than 2 standard deviations below the mean value
for the reference population (or a similar loss expressed through other statistical
approaches). When only one measurement is available, there is a high probability of mild
protein-energy malnutrition when the observed weight is 1 or more but less than 2 standard
deviations below the mean of the reference population.
轻度蛋白质及热量缺乏性营养不良
儿童或成人体重减轻 ， 或儿童体重不增 ， 导致所测
体重值比参考人口的平均值低 1 至 2 个标准差 （ 或用
其他统计学方法显示类似程度的体重减幅 ） 。如果
只有一个观察值 ， 而且比参考人口之平均值低 1 至 2
个标准差时 ， 轻度蛋白质及热量缺乏性营养不良的
可能性高。
F63.2
Pathological stealing [kleptomania] ,br> Disorder char.lcterizcd hy
repeated failure to resist impulses to steal objects that are not acquired for personal
use or monetary gain. The objects may instead be discarded, given away, or hoarded. This
behaviour is usually accompanied by an increasing sense of tension before, and a sense of
gratification during and immediately after, the act.
Excludes: depressive disorder with stealing (F31-F33)
organic mental disorders (F00-F09)
shoplifting as the reason for observation for suspected mental disorder (Z03.2)
病态偷窃症 （ 窃盗癖 ）
此障碍症之患者会一再无法抗拒偷窃的冲动而行窃
， 但其目地并不是为了个人使用之需要 ， 也不是为
了其金钱价值。而且经常会将其所窃得之物品丢弃
， 送人或囤积起来。此障碍症之患者通常会描述 ：
在从事偷窃前会感受逐渐升高的紧张和压力 ， 偷窃
後会有高度的愉悦、满足及解脱感。
不包含 ： 忧郁疾患的偷窃 (F31-F33)
器质性精神疾病 (F00-F09)
疑似有其他精神疾病 (Z03.2)
R62.8
Other lack of expected normal physiological development
Failure to:
．gain weight
．thrive
Infantilism NOS
Lack of growth
Physical retardation
Excludes: HIV disease resulting in failure to thrive (B22.2)
physical retardation due to malnutrition (E45)
其他缺乏正常所预期的生理发育
下列不良
． 增重不良
． 生长不良
其他未明示之幼稚病
缺乏生长
身体生长障碍
不包含 ： 人类免疫缺乏病毒症所致的生长不良 （B22.2）
R63.5
Abnormal weight gain
Excludes: excessive weight gain in pregnancy (O26.0)
obesity (E66.-)
体重异常增加
不包含 ： 怀孕期过度增重 （O26.0 )
肥胖 (E66.-）
3
While engaged in other types of work
Domestic duties such as:
. caring for children and relatives
. cleaning
. cooking
. gardening
. household maintenance
Duties for which one would not normally gain an income
Learning activities, e.g. attending school session or lesson
Undergoing education
当从事其他类型的工作之时
家中之责任 ， 例如 ：
照顾亲人与幼童
． 扫除
． 烹饪
． 园艺
． 家用物维护
必须做而通常无法得到收入的家务
学习活动 ， 例如 ： 到学校去上课或学习某些课程
受教育
closed-loop gain 死循环增益
closed-loop voltage gain 死循环电压增益
current gain 电流增益
gain 增益
gain control 增益控制
heat gain 热增益，得热
open-loop voltage gain 开环电压增益
variable gain 可变增益
voltage gain 电压增益
derivative action gain 微分作用增益
feedback gain 反馈增益
gain 增益
gain margin 增益裕度
gain-crossover frequency 增益交越频率
logarithmic gain 对数增益
open-loop gain 开环增益
open-loop gain characteristic 开环增益特性
open loop voltage gain 开环电压增益
proportional gain 比例增益
variable gain 可变增益；可变放大系数
variable gain method 可变增益法
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