factor [ 'fæktə] n.因素；因子，系数
factor ['fæktə] n 因素
factor ['fæktə] 因子
factoring 因式分解
按成本要素计算的国民经济总值 GNP at factor cost
保理业务 factoring business
天时、地利、人和 favorable climatic, geographical and human comditions; favorable objective adn subjective factors for success
统筹兼顾 make overall plans adn take all factors into consideration; overall planning and all-round consideration
Factor of Safety 安全系数
因素比较法 factor comparison method
competitive factors 竞争因素
economic and technological factors 经济技术因素
environment factors 环境因素
factor analysis 因素分析法
market attractiveness factors 市场吸引力因素
market factors 市场因素
market position factors 市场地位因素
multiple-factor index 多因素指数法
single-factor index 单因素指数法
direction non-equilibrium factor of passenger flow 客流方向不均衡系数
line nonlinear factor 线路曲折系数，线路非直线系数
line oerlap factor 线路重复系数，线路复线系数
load factor 满载率
maximum load factor of line 线路最高满载率
section non-equilibrium factor of passenger folw 客流断面不均衡系数
time non-equilibrium factor of passenger folw 客流时间不均衡系数
common pension factor
共同退休金因子
commutation factor
折算因子
discount factors 贴现系数表
Factor 要素，因子
factor analysis 因素分析
factor of production 生产要素
inflation factor 通货膨胀因素
market factor 市场因素
negative factor 负因素
non-market factor 非市场因素
objective factor 客观因素
utilization factor 利用率
variable factor 可变因素
马力重量系数
horsepower-weight factor
校正系数
correction factor
换算系数
conversion factor
校正系数
correction factor
排放系数
emission factor
湿度较正系数
humidity correction (kh)factor
稀释系数
dilution factor
劣化系数（DF）
deterioration factor(DF)
重量利用系数
factor of weight utilizaton
能容系数
capacity factor
力矩特性
torque factor(coefficient of moment)
差速器锁止系数
differential locking factor
Many external factors affect the market in this country.
许多外界因素影响着这个国家的市场。
Money was the main factor in my decision not to buy a car.
我决定不买车主要是因为钱。
His friendly way is a factor in his rapid success.
他待人友善是他很快获得成功的因素。
Hard work is an important factor in success.
勤奋是成功的重要因素。
What factors are responsible for a decreased population?
人口减少的原因是什么？
To proceed thus is to set up a fivefold hypothesis that enables you to gather from the innumerable items cast up by the sea of experience upon the shores of your observation only the limited number of relevant data—relevant, that is, to one or more of the five factors of your hypothesis.
为了继续进行，要创立一种5重假设，使你能够从经验的海洋中搜集到无尽的细节，然后抛到观察的海岸上，只有有限的相关数据，也就是说，在假设中的五个因素里面有一个或多个。
If we look at man as an animal and try to analyze the environmental forces that are acting on the organism, we find that we have to deal with things like climate, soil, plants, and such like factors common to all biological situations; but we also find, always, very important environmental influences that we can only class as “cultural”, which modify the physical and biological factors.
如果我们将人类看作动物来尝试解释作用在有机物上的环境影响力的话，我们不得不处理像气候，土壤，植物和一些对于所有生物环境来说共同的因素，但我们也发现，“文化”的影响也非常重大，它可以改变物理和生物因素。
Demagnetization factor 退磁因子
Electro-mechanical coupling factor 机电耦合系数
Fill factor 填充系数
Intensifying factor 增感系数
Q factor Q值
Quality factor 品质因数
Radiographic equivalence factor 射线照相等效系数
Radiographic equivalence factor 射线透照等效因子
Response factor 响应系数
BAF (Bunker Adjustment Factor)燃油附加费
CAF (Currency Adjustment Factor)货币贬值附加费
factor n. 因素,因数,代理人
@@@ 归因, 归咎
accuse (sb.) of (sth.) 控告; 指责, 把...归咎于
ascribe to 把...归因于; 认为...属于
attribute to 把...归因于; 把...归功于
boil down (to) 熬浓; 摘要; 归结为
factor in ...的因素
impute to 把...归咎/归因于...
responsible for 对...负责; 作为...的原因, 应归咎或归功于
rooted in sth. 起源于; 起因于
Trust is the single most important factor in both personal and professional relationships.
为人做事，信任至上。
成因 [chéng yīn] /cause/factor/
条件 [tiáo jiàn] /condition/prerequisite/factor/
问号 [wèn hào] /question mark/unknown factor/unsolved problem/interrogation/
要素 [yào sù] /essential/factor/constituent/
因素 [yīn sù] /element/factor/
因子 [yīn zǐ] /factor/
But, for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job and not.
但是对少数学生而言，职业培训也许是可取之路，因为在其他因素相同的情况下，熟练的技能是能否得到工作的关键。
New ways of organizing the workplace — all that re-engineering and downsizing — are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training.
企业重组的新方法——所有那些重新设计和缩小规模的做法——只是对一个经济的整体生产力做出了一方面的贡献，而这种经济的发展还收到许多其他因素的驱动，如设备、机械上的联合投资，新技术，以及教育和培训上的投资。
Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the country's excellent elementary schools; a labor force that welcomed the new technology; the practice of giving premiums to inventors; and above all the American genius for nonverbal, "spatial" thinking about things technological.
在诸多形成因素中，我想特别指出这个国家优异的小学教育；欢迎新技术的劳动大军；对发明者进行奖励的做法；尤其是美国人在处理技术性事物所具有的非语言的空间思维才能。
But the environment must also have a profound effect, since if competition is important to the parents, it is likely to become a major factor in the lives of their children.
但环境也一定对其有深刻的影响，因为如果竞争对父母来说很重要的话，那它也可能成为孩子生活中的一个重要因素。
An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers.
市场型经济中的一个重要因素是反映消费者需求以及生产者对消费者需求作出反应的机制。
The important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources (private property), and they are permitted to hire labor gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit.
私有企业经济的一个重要因素是允许个人拥有生产资料（私有财产），允许他们雇用劳动力，控制自然资源，通过生产产品、提供服务来获取利润。
"Changes are a normal part of the evolutionary process," says oncologist William Hayward.
“变化是进化过程中的一个正常部分，”肿瘤专家威廉·海沃德说道。
Environmental factors can never be totally eliminated; as Hayward points out, "We can't prepare a medicine against cosmic rays."
环境因素永远无法完全消除，正如海沃德所指出的那样：“我们无法准备出一种抗宇宙射线的药。”
{adj: aliquot} signifying an exact divisor or factor of a quantity
{adj: allergic, hypersensitive, hypersensitized, hypersensitised, sensitized, sensitised, supersensitive, supersensitized, supersensitised} having an allergy or peculiar or excessive susceptibility (especially to a specific factor)
"allergic children"
"hypersensitive to pollen"
{adj: ascertained, discovered, observed} discovered or determined by scientific observation
"variation in the ascertained flux depends on a number of factors"
"the discovered behavior norms"
"discovered differences in achievement"
"no explanation for the observed phenomena"
{adj: causative} producing an effect
"poverty as a causative factor in crime"
<-> noncausative
{adj: concerned, interested} involved in or affected by or having a claim to or share in
"a memorandum to those concerned"
"an enterprise in which three men are concerned"
"factors concerned in the rise and fall of epidemics"
"the interested parties met to discuss the business"
{adj: conducive, contributing, contributive, contributory, tributary} tending to bring about; being partly responsible for
"working conditions are not conducive to productivity"
"the seaport was a contributing factor in the growth of the city"
"a contributory factor"
{adj: conjoined, conjoint} consisting of two or more associated entities
"the interplay of these conjoined yet opposed factors"
"social order and prosperity, the conjoint aims of government"- J.K.Fairbank
{adj: decisive} determining or having the power to determine an outcome
"cast the decisive vote"
"two factors had a decisive influence"
<-> indecisive
{adj: environmental} of or relating to the external conditions or surroundings
"environmental factors"
{adj: factor analytical, factor analytic} of or relating to or the product of factor analysis
{adj: grassroots} fundamental
"the grassroots factor in making the decision"
{adj: impermanent, temporary} not permanent; not lasting
"politics is an impermanent factor of life"- James Thurber
"impermanent palm cottages"
"a temperary arrangement"
"temporary housing"
<-> permanent
{adj: imponderable} difficult or impossible to evaluate with precision
"such imponderable human factors as aesthetic sensibility"
<-> ponderable
{adj: incommensurable} not having a common factor
{adj: indirect} having intervening factors or persons or influences
"reflection from the ceiling provided a soft indirect light"
"indirect evidence"
"an indirect cause"
{adj: meteorologic, meteorological, meteoric} of or pertaining to atmospheric phenomena, especially weather and weather conditions
"meteorological factors"
"meteorological chart"
"meteoric (or meteorological) phenomena"
{adj: minus, negative} involving disadvantage or harm
"minus (or negative) factors"
{adj: multifactorial} involving or depending on several factors or causes (especially pertaining to a condition or disease resulting from the interaction of many genes)
{adj: mutagenic} capable of inducing mutation (used mainly of extracellular factors such as X-rays or chemical pollution)
{adj: nonverbal} concerned with numbers rather than words
"the numerical part of the test"
"the nonverbal factor"
{adj: plus, positive} involving advantage or good
"a plus (or positive) factor"
{adj: prime} of or relating to or being an integer that cannot be factored into other integers
"prime number"
{adj: rh-negative} of persons (or their blood) lacking the Rh factor present in their red blood cells
<-> rh-positive
{adj: rh-positive} of persons (or their blood) having the Rh factor present in their red blood cells
<-> rh-negative
{adj: socioeconomic} involving social as well as economic factors
"socioeconomic status"
{adj: technical} resulting from or dependent on market factors rather than fundamental economic considerations
"analysts content that the stock market is due for a technical rally"
"the fall is only a technical correction"
{adv: anyhow, anyway, in any case, at any rate, in any event} used to indicate that a statement explains or supports a previous statement
"Anyhow, he is dead now"
"I think they're asleep; anyhow, they're quiet"
"I don't know what happened to it; anyway, it's gone"
"anyway, there is another factor to consider"
"I don't know how it started; in any case, there was a brief scuffle"
"in any event, the government faced a serious protest"
"but at any rate he got a knighthood for it"
{adv: directly} without anyone or anything intervening
"these two factors are directly related"
"he was directly responsible"
"measured the physical properties directly"
{adv: fourfold, four times} by a factor of four
"the price of gasoline has increased fourfold over the past two years"
{adv: hundredfold, a hundred times} by a factor of one hundred
"they money increased a hundredfold"
{adv: millionfold, a million times} by a factor of a million
"it increased a millionfold"
{adv: ninefold, nine times} by a factor of nine
"my investment has increased ninefold"
{adv: sixfold, six times} by a factor of six
"the population of this town increased sixfold when gold was found in the surrounding hills"
{adv: socioeconomically} with respect to socioeconomic factors
"they are far apart socioeconomically"
{adv: threefold, three times} by a factor of three
"our rent increased threefold in the past five years"
{adv: topographically} with regard to topography
"the geological environment is the primary factor in determining the character of a country not only topographically but historically"
{adv: twofold, two times} by a factor of two
"the price increased twofold last year"
{n: Bakke decision} a ruling by the Supreme Court on affirmative action; the Court ruled in 1978 that medical schools are entitled to consider race as a factor in their admission policy
{n: Christmas factor, factor IX} coagulation factor whose absence is associated with hemophilia B
{n: Eysenck Personality Inventory, EPI} a self-report personality inventory based on Hans Eysenck's factor analysis of personality which assumes three basic factors (the two most important being extraversion to introversion and neuroticism)
{n: Gestalt law of organization, Gestalt principle of organization} a principle of Gestalt psychology that identifies factors leading to particular forms of perceptual organization
{n: Hageman factor, factor XII} coagulation factor whose deficiency results in prolongation of clotting time of venous blood
{n: Neo-Lamarckism} a modern Lamarckian theory emphasizing the importance of environmental factors in genetic changes and retaining the notion of the inheritance of acquired characters
{n: Rh antibody} rhesus factor antibody
{n: Rh-negative blood type, Rh-negative blood, Rh negative} the blood group whose red cells lack the Rh factor (Rh antigen)
{n: Rh-positive blood type, Rh positive} the blood group (approximately 85% of people) whose red cells have the Rh factor (Rh antigen)
{n: Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire, 16 PF} a self-report personality inventory developed by Raymond B. Cattell to measure the 16 personality dimensions that emerged from his factor analysis of a wide range of traits
{n: Virginia Beach} the largest city in Virginia; long overshadowed by Norfolk but growing rapidly since 1970; with 28 miles of public beaches tourism is a major factor in the economy; site of three United States Navy bases
{n: X-linked SCID, X-SCID} SCID in male children resulting from mutation of a gene that codes for a protein on the surface of T cells that allows them to develop a growth factor receptor
{n: absorptivity, absorption factor} (physics) the property of a body that determines the fraction of the incident radiation or sound flux absorbed or absorbable by the body
{n: agent, factor, broker} a businessman who buys or sells for another in exchange for a commission
{n: antagonism} the relation between opposing principles or forces or factors
"the inherent antagonism of capitalism and socialism"
{n: anti-TNF compound} a class of drugs that block the action of tumor necrosis factor (TNF); used in cases of rheumatoid arthritis because TNF instigates inflammation of the joints
{n: antihemophilic factor, antihaemophilic factor, antihemophilic globulin, antihaemophilic globulin, factor VIII, Hemofil} a coagulation factor (trade name Hemofil) whose absence is associated with hemophilia A
{n: attendance} the frequency with which a person is present
"a student's attendance is an important factor in her grade"
{n: be-all and end-all, be all and end all} the essential factor; the all-important element; the supreme aim
"profit is the be-all and end-all of business"
{n: calcium ion, factor IV} ion of calcium; a factor in the clotting of blood
{n: case study} a careful study of some social unit (as a corporation or division within a corporation) that attempts to determine what factors led to its success or failure
{n: clincher, decisive factor} a point or fact or remark that settles something conclusively
{n: clincher, determiner, determining factor} an argument that is conclusive
{n: coagulation factor, clotting factor} any of the factors in the blood whose actions are essential for blood coagulation
{n: coefficient of reflection, reflection factor, reflectance, reflectivity} the fraction of radiant energy that is reflected from a surface
{n: cognitive factor} something immaterial (as a circumstance or influence) that contributes to producing a result
{n: common divisor, common factor, common measure} an integer that divides two (or more) other integers evenly
{n: component, constituent, element, factor, ingredient} an abstract part of something
"jealousy was a component of his character"
"two constituents of a musical composition are melody and harmony"
"the grammatical elements of a sentence"
"a key factor in her success"
"humor: an effective ingredient of a speech"
{n: contamination, pollution} the act of contaminating or polluting; including (either intentionally or accidentally) unwanted substances or factors
<-> decontamination
{n: conversion factor} factor by which a quantity that is expressed in one set of units must be multiplied in order to convert it into another set of units
{n: correction, fudge factor} a quantity that is added or subtracted in order to increase the accuracy of a scientific measure
{n: cost analysis} breaking down the costs of some operation and reporting on each factor separately
{n: deflator} a statistical factor designed to remove the effect of inflation; inflation adjusted variables are in constant dollars
{n: determinant, determiner, determinative, determining factor, causal factor} a determining or causal element or factor
"education is an important determinant of one's outlook on life"
{n: dialectic} a contradiction of ideas that serves as the determining factor in their interaction
"this situation created the inner dialectic of American history"
{n: difficulty} a factor causing trouble in achieving a positive result or tending to produce a negative result
"serious difficulties were encountered in obtaining a pure reagent"
{n: divisor, factor} one of two or more integers that can be exactly divided into another integer
"what are the 4 factors of 6?"
{n: doubling, double} raising the stakes in a card game by a factor of 2
"I decided his double was a bluff"
{n: doubling} increase by a factor of two
"doubling with a computer took no time at all"
{n: dysgenics, cacogenics} the study of the operation of factors causing degeneration in the type of offspring produced
<-> eugenics
{n: equivalent-binary-digit factor} the average number of binary digits needed to express one radix digit in a numeration system that is not binary; on the average a number that can be expressed in N decimal digits takes 3.3N binary digits
{n: estimate, estimation} a judgment of the qualities of something or somebody
"many factors are involved in any estimate of human life"
"in my estimation the boy is innocent"
{n: eutrophication} excessive nutrients in a lake or other body of water, usually caused by runoff of nutrients (animal waste, fertilizers, sewage) from the land, which causes a dense growth of plant life; the decomposition of the plants depletes the supply of oxygen, leading to the death of animal life
"he argued that the controlling factor in eutrophication is not nitrate but phosphate"
{n: extended time scale, slow time scale} (simulation) the time scale used in data processing when the time-scale factor is greater than one
{n: factor analysis} any of several methods for reducing correlational data to a smaller number of dimensions or factors; beginning with a correlation matrix a small number of components or factors are extracted that are regarded as the basic variable that account for the interrelations observed in the data
{n: factor of proportionality, constant of proportionality} the constant value of the ratio of two proportional quantities x and y; usually written y = kx, where k is the factor of proportionality
{n: factorization, factorisation, factoring} (mathematics) the resolution of an integer or polynomial into factors such that when multiplied together they give the integer or polynomial
{n: factor} an independent variable in statistics
{n: factor} any of the numbers (or symbols) that form a product when multiplied together
{n: factor} anything that contributes causally to a result
"a number of factors determined the outcome"
{n: fast time scale} (simulation) the time scale used in data processing when the time-scale factor is less than one
{n: fibrinase, factor XIII} in the clotting of blood thrombin catalyzes factor XIII into its active form (fibrinase) which causes fibrin to form a stable clot
{n: fibrinogen, factor I} a protein present in blood plasma; converts to fibrin when blood clots
{n: gene, cistron, factor} (genetics) a segment of DNA that is involved in producing a polypeptide chain; it can include regions preceding and following the coding DNA as well as introns between the exons; it is considered a unit of heredity
"genes were formerly called factors"
{n: greatest common divisor, greatest common factor, highest common factor} the largest integer that divides without remainder into a set of integers
{n: growth factor} a protein that is involved in cell differentiation and growth
{n: growth hormone-releasing factor, GHRF} a releasing factor that accelerates the secretion of growth hormone by the anterior pituitary body
{n: hemophilia A, haemophilia A, classical hemophilia, classical haemophilia} hemophilia caused by a congenital deficiency of factor VIII; occurs almost exclusively in men
{n: hemophilia B, haemophilia B, Christmas disease} a clotting disorder similar to hemophilia A but caused by a congenital deficiency of factor IX
{n: heredity} the biological process whereby genetic factors are transmitted from one generation to the next
{n: holistic medicine} medical care of the whole person considered as subject to personal and social as well as organic factors
"holistic medicine treats the mind as well as the body"
{n: house of cards, bubble} a speculative scheme that depends on unstable factors that the planner cannot control
"his proposal was nothing but a house of cards"
"a real estate bubble"
{n: hyaluronidase, spreading factor, Hyazyme} an enzyme (trade name Hyazyme) that splits hyaluronic acid and so lowers its viscosity and increases the permeability of connective tissue and the absorption of fluids
{n: hypothrombinemia} a low level of prothrombin (factor II) in the circulating blood; results in long clotting time and poor clot formation and sometimes excessive bleeding; can result from vitamin K deficiency
{n: imaginary part, imaginary part of a complex number} the part of a complex number that has the square root of -1 as a factor
{n: imponderable} a factor whose effects cannot be accurately assessed
"human behavior depends on many imponderables"
{n: influence} a cognitive factor that tends to have an effect on what you do
"her wishes had a great influence on his thinking"
{n: intrinsic factor} a substance produced by the mucosa of the stomach and intestines that is essential for the absorption of vitamin B12
"lack of intrinsic factor can result in pernicious anemia"
{n: load factor} (aeronautics) the ratio of an external load to the weight of the aircraft (measured in g)
{n: loading} the ratio of the gross weight of an airplane to some factor determining its lift
{n: long run, long haul} a period of time sufficient for factors to work themselves out
"in the long run we will win"
"in the long run we will all be dead"
"he performed well over the long haul"
{n: multiplier, multiplier factor} the number by which a multiplicand is multiplied
{n: nerve growth factor, NGF} a protein that is involved in the growth of peripheral nerve cells
{n: parameter} any factor that defines a system and determines (or limits) its performance
{n: pernicious anemia, pernicious anaemia, malignant anemia, malignant anaemia} a chronic progressive anemia of older adults; thought to result from a lack of intrinsic factor (a substance secreted by the stomach that is responsible for the absorption of vitamin B12)
{n: plasma thromboplastin antecedent, factor XI} coagulation factor whose deficiency results in a hemorrhagic tendency
{n: prime factor} the prime factors of a quantity are all of the prime quantities that will exactly divide the given quantity
{n: prime number} an integer that has no integral factors but itself and 1
{n: prime, prime quantity} a number that has no factor but itself and 1
{n: proaccelerin, prothrombin accelerator, accelerator factor, factor V} a coagulation factor
{n: proconvertin, cothromboplastin, stable factor, factor VII} a coagulation factor formed in the kidney under the influence of vitamin K
{n: prothrombin, factor II} a protein in blood plasma that is the inactive precursor of thrombin
{n: prothrombinase, factor X} coagulation factor that is converted to an enzyme that converts prothrombin to thrombin in a reaction that depends on calcium ions and other coagulation factors
{n: psychic energy, mental energy} an actuating force or factor
{n: psychogenesis} the development in the life of an individual of some disorder that is caused by psychological rather than physiological factors
{n: quadrupling} increase by a factor of four
{n: quintupling} increasing by a factor of five
{n: relativistic mass} (physics) the mass of a body in motion relative to the observer: it is equal to the rest mass multiplied by a factor that is greater than 1 and that increases as the magnitude of the velocity increases
{n: releasing factor, releasing hormone, RF} a substance produced by the hypothalamus that is capable of accelerating the secretion of a given hormone by the anterior pituitary gland
{n: releasing hormone, RH, releasing factor, hypothalamic releasing hormone, hypothalamic releasing factor} any of several hormones produced in the hypothalamus and carried by a vein to the anterior pituitary gland where they stimulate the release of anterior pituitary hormones; each of these hormones causes the anterior pituitary to secrete a specific hormone
{n: rhesus factor, Rh factor, Rh} a blood group antigen possessed by Rh-positive people; if an Rh-negative person receives a blood transfusion from an Rh-positive person it can result in hemolysis and anemia
{n: rheumatoid factor} autoantibody that is usually present in the serum of people with rheumatoid arthritis
{n: safety factor, factor of safety} the ratio of the breaking stress of a structure to the estimated maximum stress in ordinary use
{n: scale factor} a number used as a multiplier in scaling
{n: sociolinguist} a linguist who studies the social and cultural factors that influence linguistic communication
{n: sun protection factor, SPF} the degree to which a sunscreen protects the skin from the direct rays of the sun
{n: thrombocytopenic purpura, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, purpura hemorrhagica, Werlhof's disease} purpura associated with a reduction in circulating blood platelets which can result from a variety of factors
{n: thromboplastin, thrombokinase, factor III} an enzyme liberated from blood platelets that converts prothrombin into thrombin as blood starts to clot
{n: thyrotropin-releasing hormone, TRH, thyrotropin-releasing factor, TRF, protirelin} hormone released by the hypothalamus that controls the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone from the anterior pituitary
{n: time-scale factor} the ratio of the simulation time to the time of the real process
{n: tripling} increase by a factor of three
{n: tumor necrosis factor, tumour necrosis factor, TNF} a proinflammatory cytokine that is produced by white blood cells (monocytes and macrophages); has an antineoplastic effect but causes inflammation (as in rheumatoid arthritis)
{n: type II diabetes, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, NIDDM, non-insulin-dependent diabetes, ketosis-resistant diabetes mellitus, ketosis-resistant diabetes, ketoacidosis-resistant diabetes mellitus, ketoacidosis-resistant diabetes, adult-onset diabetes mellitus, adult-onset diabetes, maturity-onset diabetes mellitus, maturity-onset diabetes, mature-onset diabetes} mild form of diabetes mellitus that develops gradually in adults; can be precipitated by obesity or severe stress or menopause or other factors; can usually be controlled by diet and hypoglycemic agents without injections of insulin
{n: unearned increment} an unearned rise in the market value of property resulting from general market factors
{n: unknown quantity} a factor in a given situation whose bearing and importance is not apparent
"I don't know what the new man will do; he's still an unknown quantity"
{n: vitamin A, antiophthalmic factor, axerophthol, A} any of several fat-soluble vitamins essential for normal vision; prevents night blindness or inflammation or dryness of the eyes
{n: vitamin B1, thiamine, thiamin, aneurin, antiberiberi factor} a B vitamin that prevents beriberi; maintains appetite and growth
{n: vitamin B12, cobalamin, cyanocobalamin, antipernicious anemia factor} a B vitamin that is used to treat pernicious anemia
{n: vitamin K, naphthoquinone, antihemorrhagic factor} a fat-soluble vitamin that helps in the clotting of blood
{n: von Willebrand's disease, angiohemophilia, vascular hemophilia} a form of hemophilia discovered by Erik von Willebrand; a genetic disorder that is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait; characterized by a deficiency of the coagulation factor and by mucosal bleeding
{n: wild card} an unpredictable factor
"the weather was a wild card"
{v: account} be the sole or primary factor in the existence, acquisition, supply, or disposal of something
"Passing grades account for half of the grades given in this exam"
{v: factor analyse, factor analyze} to perform a factor analysis of correlational data
{v: factor, factor in, factor out} resolve into factors
"a quantum computer can factor the number 15"
{v: factorize, factorise} resolve (a polynomial) into factors
{v: play} act or have an effect in a specified way or with a specific effect or outcome
"This factor played only a minor part in his decision"
"This development played into her hands"
"I played no role in your dismissal"
{v: quantize, quantise} apply quantum theory to ; restrict the number of possible values of (a quantity) or states of (a physical entity or system) so that certain variables can assume only certain discrete magnitudes that are integral multiples of a common factor
"Quantize gravity"
People who lack genuine core values rely on external factors-their looks or status-in order to feel good about themselves.
那些缺乏真正的基本价值观念的人，为了使自己感觉良好而依靠外在因素－相貌或社会地位。
A person's blood pressure is influenced by many factors, including genetics, body weight, physical activity and, in some cases, salt intake.
一个人的血压受到诸多因素的影响，包括遗传因素、体重、体育活动，并且在某些病例中还涉及盐的摄入量。
Controlling for the health factors that contribute to brain injury, the researchers found that education was related to the severity of brain shrinkage.
研究人员发现，在对引起大脑损伤的健康因素加以控制的前提下，接受教育的程度与大脑萎缩的严重程度有关。
Recent legal research indicates that in correct identification is a major factor in many miscarriages of justice.
近来法律方面的研究表明，指认错误是造成误判的一个主要因素。
But will the economy be competitive?
那么韩国经济还有竞争力吗？
Total factor productivity measures done covering the 1966 to 1991 period put Korea's productivity level at 1.7, after Hong Kong's 2.3 and Taiwan's 2. 1, according to Dr Cho.
据赵博士说，涵盖了 1966年到 1991年的全要素生产力量度标准把韩国的生产力水平标为 1．7，在香港的 2．3和台湾的 2．1后面。
The numbers are controversial.
这些数字是有争议的。
The recent numbers have also changed.
最近的数字也已发生了变化。
In some instances, chemical messengers from other parts of the cell.
有些时候，是来自细胞其它部分的化学信使担当此任。
In other cases, messengers from other cells in the body( this is the way many hormones work).
在另外一些情况下，化学信使来自身体的其它细胞（许多荷尔蒙是这样工作的）。
And, critically, in still other cases, genes are turned on or off by environmental factors.
而起关键作用的是，在还有一些情况下，基因的开启和关闭由环境因素决定。
Blood does not always mean colon cancer, and colon cancer can occur without bleeding, he said,
他说，出血并不总意味着结肠癌而结肠癌的发生也可能见不到出血，
adding that whether a home test shows positive or negative, it is wise to have an annual physical examination after age 50 ;
他还补充说，不论家庭测试显示为阳性或阴性，明智的做法是 50岁之后每年进行一次体检；
earlier if there are risk factors such as polyps or a family history of the disease.
如果存在危险因素，诸如有结肠息肉或是有该疾病的家族史，这种体检应更早一些进行。
We examined the computing systems provided to employees, the telecommuting arrangements available, technical training opportunities and a host of other factors - including whether workers seemed to be enjoying their jobs.
我们从以下几个方面对许多公司做了深入调查：公司向员工提供的计算系统、现有的远程办公计划、技术培训机会以及其他多种要素──包括员工是否喜欢目前的工作。
Gage showed that a part of the hippocampus contains actively developing neural-stem cells; he further speculated that this regeneration may eventually be controlled by the addition or subtraction of a few key growth factors in the brain.
盖奇的研究显示，部分海马状突起含有一些活跃的神经干细胞。他进一步推断，通过增加或减少大脑中几种主要生长因子的数量，可以最终控制脑细胞再生。
Such competition may be one reason for the public relations skirmish, but another factor is the rising cost of gasoline in America.
尽管环境问题可能是双方交锋的原因之一，然而美国汽油价格上扬也是一个重要的因素。
By studying a computerized database of more than 430,000 people who suffered heart attacks across the U.S., it was determined that there are six major risk factors that increase the chances that any heart attack you suffer will be atypical. These six risk factors include: having a weak heart( from congestive heart disease), diabetes or a history of stroke; being 65 or older, female or from a minority group.
通过仔细研究美国全国 43万心脏病患者的计算机数信息，研究人员发现：导致心脏病发作特征不典型的危险因素主要有六个，它们是：心脏脆弱（源自充血性心脏病）、糖尿并中风史、患者年龄在 65岁以上、女性以及患者为少数民族。
Travelers often turn to Internet-enabled cell phones for directions, for example, which means that the user's location becomes a factor.
例如，旅行者经常用支持互联网的手辨别方向。这就是说，用户的方位是一个问题。
Finally, there's the all-important cell-phone-dinkiness annoyance factor.don't want to do a lot of page views on this thing, says Peterschmidt, holding up his cell phone.
最后就是手尺寸太小这个非常棘手的问题。我不想在这东西上浏览很多网页，皮德施密特说说举起自己的手。
The fewer clicks the better.
点击次数越少越好。
To the extent that you act in character, you are responsible for your actions; yet acting in character is merely expressing the many determined factors that caused your character.
只要你遵照自己的个性行事，你就是在为自己的行为负责任；但是遵照个性行事恰恰现了影响你个性形成的诸多决定性因素。
Another key factor is likely to be whether national social security programs decide to pay for the treatment.
政府提供的社会福利项目是否愿意为此药物支付费用，这也有可能成为一个关键性的因素。
In the book Why We Buy, retail anthropologist Paco Underhill uses extensive studies of shoppers ' behavior to prove shopping can be influenced by a variety of seemingly extraneous factors.
在《我们因何购买》一书中，零售行为学家帕可·昂德希尔用大量对购物者行为的分析证明，购物会受到各种看似毫不相干的因素的影响。
It is all these factors that brick and mortar stores use to convince us to buy once we are inside them.
各式各样的实物商店正是运用这些因素促使我们在入店之后作出购买决定的。
" But what allows that susceptibility to manifest itself is a combination of behavioral and environmental factors. "
但是导致肥胖的真正原因却是个人行为与环境影响这两种因素。
Doctors and health authorities began educating citizens about risk factors for heart disease by involving the media, local businesses, medical professionals and politicians.
医生和卫生保健部门发动媒体、地方企业单位、从事医疗保健的专业人员和政客，着手对芬兰国民宣讲心脏病诱发因素这方面的知识。
It is a risk factor for a wide range of serious medical conditions, including diabetes, heart disease, stoke, certain forms of cancer, gall bladder disease and joint problems.
肥胖会导致一系列相当严重的疾病，包括糖尿并心脏并中风、一些癌症、胆囊炎和各种各样的关节炎。
Because of the El Ni? o and La Ni? a effects, and all those other factors, figuring out what might happen to hurricanes in a warmer world is, well, complicated.
由於厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜现象，以及所有其它的因素，要研究在全球变暖的情况下飓风的是很复杂的。
Gray has pioneered a hurricane-forecasting system that folds in many factors, including the strength of stratospheric winds, large-scale changes in ocean circulation, the amount of rainfall in West Africa and swings between El Ni? o and La Ni? a conditions in the equatorial Pacific.
格雷在飓风预报的很多方面，包括最高层风力、海洋大范围气流变化、西非的雨量、和太平洋赤道厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜现象分析的研究处于领先地位。
They have difficulty handling factors like clouds and ocean currents( two major influences on climate).
模型在处理诸如云层及海流（两项影响气候的重要因素）等因素时颇有困难。
Also close to reality are the so-called antiangiogenic factors, relatively nontoxic compounds that inhibit the growth of new capillaries.
所谓抗淋巴因子也指日可待，这是一种相对无毒的化合物，可以阻止新的毛细血管生长。
Researchers and patients are eagerly awaiting results of clinical trials of antiangiogenic factors, which might be used in combination with chemotherapy to knock down big tumors and then prevent any surviving tumors from growing enough to do further damage.
研究人员和患者都在期待抗淋巴因子的临床实验结果，这种药可能会与化疗结合使用，用于治疗大肿瘤并随後防止任何存活的肿瘤进一步生长而导致伤害。
The effects of p53 could be bolstered with antibodies that slow tumors by attaching to the surface of cancer cells and gumming up their ability to take over the body's growth factors, the specialized proteins that promote cell reproduction. p53还可以与抗体一起发挥更大的作用，它们附着在癌细胞的表面，减弱癌细胞将促进细胞繁殖的特别的蛋白质取而代之的能力。
The product line may have factored into the selection of former Apple executive Rebecca Patton, 43, as CEO.
选择苹果电脑公司的前任管理者丽贝卡·帕顿作首席执行官，业务方面的决策便有了着落。
Increasingly, as in the individual studies of Lund, Round, and Reynolds, researchers began to stress the importance of environmental factors such as temperature, light, and water movements in controlling algal numbers.
正如在伦德、朗德、和雷诺兹（Lund，Round，and Reynolds）的单独研究中那样，科研人员开始越来越强调诸如温度光照、以及水的运动这类环境因素在控制水藻数量方面的重要性。
These environmental factors were amenable to field monitoring and to simulation in the laboratory.
这些环境因素可经受实地监测的检验和实验室内的模拟研究。
Discussion of the assimilation of Puerto Ricans in the United States has focused on two factors: social standing and the loss of national culture.
有关在美国的波多黎各人（Puerto Ricans）的同化问题，这方面的探讨一直侧重于两个因素：社会地位以及民族文化的丧失。
In general, excessive stress is placed on one factor or the other, depending on whether the commentator is North American or Puerto Rican.
普遍而言，人们过分强调其中一个因素而偏废另一个因素，取决于评论者到底是北美人还是波多黎各人。
Even the "radical" critiques of this mainstream research model, such as the critique developed in Divided Society, attach the issue of ethnic assimilation too mechanically to factors of economic and social mobility and are thus unable to illuminate the cultural subordination of Puerto Ricans as a colonial minority.
即使是对这一主流研究模型的“激进”批评，诸如《分裂的社会》（Divided Society）一书中所提出的那种批判，亦将少数民族同化问题过分机构地与经济和社会移动性的因素联系起来，因此无从阐明波多黎各人作为一个殖民地少数民族的文化从属关系。
Open acknowledgement of the existence of women's oppression was too radical for the United States in the fifties, and Beauvoir's conclusion, that change in women's economic condition, though insufficient by itself, "remains the basic factor" in improving women's situation, was particularly unacceptable.
公开承认妇女压迫的存在，这对于五十年代的美国来说过于激进了，而博瓦尔的结论，即妇女经济条件的改变，尽管就其本身而言并不充分，但依然是改变妇女境况的“基本因素”，这一点尤其无法让人接受。
In order to account for such an unlikely source, some unusual factor must be invoked, because the impact needed to accelerate a fragment of rock to escape the gravitational field of a body even as small as the Moon is so great that no meteorites of lunar origin have been discovered.
为了解释这样一种不太可能的来源，必须援引某个非同寻常的因素，因为一块岩石碎片要想逃逸出即使象月亮这么小的一个天体的重力场，使该岩石碎片加速所必不可少的撞击力是如此之大，以致于任何源自月亮的陨石从未被发现过。
Mr. Khai says the strength of Vietnam's national unity is the root of the country's victory in two wars against invaders. He says it is also the main factor bringing success in the "doi moi" process.
潘文凯说，越南经过两次战争，打败了两个侵略者，这其中的力量源泉是国家的团结。他说，改革成功的关键也在于团结。
At the same time, though, she said Syria's continued military presence in Lebanon in defiance of an American sponsored U.N. Security Council resolution last September is an obvious factor in political instability there. "This is a part of the destabilization that takes place when you have the kind of conditions that you do now in Lebanon thanks to Syrian interference. So we are united with the rest of the world in wanting a fulll investigation into what happened here. But there is no doubt that the conditions created by Syria's presence there have created a destabilized situation in Lebanon," she said.
与此同时，她说，叙利亚不理会美国去年推动联合国安理会去年9月通过的决议在黎巴嫩继续驻军，这显然是造成黎巴嫩政治不稳定的一个因素。她说：“这是造成不稳定的部份原因，叙利亚干预黎巴嫩就创造了这种导致不稳定的条件。因此，我们跟世界其他国家一道要求对那里发生的事情进行全面的调查，但是，毫无疑问，叙利亚在黎巴嫩的存在造成了导致黎巴嫩不稳定的条件。”
Ms. Rice said U.S.-Syrian relations are worsening because of other factors, including the use of Syrian territory by elements supporting the Iraqi insurgency.
赖斯国务卿说，由于其他的因素，美国跟叙利亚的关系正在恶化，这些因素包括一些人利用叙利亚领土支持伊拉克的反叛活动。
"Now Iran has made it clear that they do not intend to abide by all of those commitments," he said. "My three foreign minister colleagues are concerned about this and they are working on the problem, and I stay in close touch with them. But I have made it clear to them that we believe they must insist on their commitments being met, that they receive from the Iranians. And they have to factor it into any other actions the European Union might be thinking of taking, either in the economic sphere, the political sphere or elsewhere. It is a very troubling development."
鲍威尔说：“现在伊朗已经明确表示不打算实现这些承诺。欧洲三个国家的外交部长对此表示关切，正在争取解决这个问题，我与他们保持密切联系。但是我也向他们清楚表明，我们认为这些国家应该坚持，协议中伊朗做出的承诺必须切实履行。他们必须将这一点列入欧盟可能会采取的行动范围，包括在经济领域、政治领域或其他方面。这是令人十分困扰的变化。”
CAF 货币汇率附加费 Currency Adjustment Factor
社会-经济因素 Socio-economic factors
分离因子 separation factor
容量因子 capacity factor
拖尾因子 tailing factor
相对碳（重量）响应因子 relative carbon response factor
相对校正因子 relative correction factor
校正因子 correction factor
压力梯度校正因子 pressure gradient correction factor
Thank you for your letter of 20 May concerning your specialrequest.
From time to time we do run special jobs, changing materials and colors for one particular order.
But we have to consider many factors before we can accept the order.
I have spoken to our production manager, and she has done the costings.
I am sorry to report that even if we did the job for you at cost, it would come out well above the price you are willing to pay.
I am checking with other manufacturers in the area who are working with the materials you want.
They may be able to give you the quality you desire at a fair price.
I will get back to you in a few days.
We appreciate your business and I am glad you asked us about this job.
The next time you have a special need, please ask again.
We will try our best to do the job for you .
If we cannot, we will attempt to find the best company that can.
谢谢贵公司5月20日特别订货要求的来函。
本公司遇有客户特别要求，如情况许可，亦乐意加工变换有关产品的用料或颜色。
贵公司的要求经转达生产部经理作成本预算后，考虑到所需费用较贵公司所拟高出很多，因而未能照办，非常抱歉。
现正联络其他厂商，研究是否能以合理价格达成要求。不日将有答复。
承蒙查询加工事宜，谨致衰心谢意。
如有其他要求，本公司乐意随时候命。
即若未能效劳，亦当物色其他能胜任的商代办。
spsc-81131501
Factor analysis
要素分析
factor 系数
B48.7
Opportunistic mycoses
Mycoses caused by fungi of low virulence that can establish an infection only as a
consequence of factors such as the presence of debilitating disease or the administration
of immunosuppressive and other therapeutic agents or radiation therapy. Most of the causal
fungi are normally saprophytic in soil and decaying vegetation.
伺机性菌病
这些菌病乃由低致病性的真菌所致 ， 造成感染是因
一些因素的结果 ， 例如有令人衰弱的疾病或免疫抑
制性治疗及放射线治疗。这些菌大部分属於土壤或
腐败植物中正常生长的腐生菌。
D51.0
Vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia due to intrinsic factor deficiency
Anaemia:
. Addison
. Biermer
. pernicious (congenital)
Congenital intrinsic factor deficiency
内因子缺乏引起之维生素 Ｂ12 缺乏性贫血
贫血 ：
． Addison
． Biermer
． 恶性 （ 先天性 ）
先天性内因子缺乏
E56.1
Deficiency of vitamin K
Excludes: deficiency of coagulation factor due to vitamin K
deficiency (D68.4)
vitamin K deficiency of newborn (P53)
维生素 Ｋ 缺乏
不包含 ： 肇因於维生素 Ｋ 缺乏的凝血因子缺乏 (D68.4)
新生儿维生素 Ｋ 缺乏症 (P53)
.4
Withdrawal state with delirium
A condition where the withdrawal state as defined in the common fourth character .3 is
complicated by delirium as defined in F05.-. Convulsions may also occur. When organic
factors are also considered to play a role in the etiology, the condition should be
classified to F05.8.
Delirium tremens (alcohol-induced)
并有谵妄之戒断状态
此情形发生在戒断状态 （F1x.3) 时并发谵妄 （请参阅
F05.-) ， 可能并发痉挛。若器质因素被考虑为其病因时
， 此情形应归类於 F05.8 。
震颤性谵妄 （ 酒精引起 ） 。
F43
Reaction to severe stress, and adjustment disorders
This category differs from others in that it includes disorders identifiable on the basis
of not only symptoms and course but also the existence of one or other of two causative
influences: an exceptionally stressful life event producing an acute stress reaction, or a
significant life change leading to continued unpleasant circumstances that result in an
adjustment disorder. Although less severe psychosocial stress ("life events")
may precipitate the onset or contribute to the presentation of a very wide range of
disorders classified elsewhere in this chapter, its etiological importance is not always
clear and in each case will be found to depend on individual, often idiosyncratic,
vulnerability, i.e. the life events are neither necessary nor sufficient to explain the
occurrence and form of the disorder. In contrast, the disorders brought together here are
thought to arise always as a direct consequence of acute severe stress or continued
trauma. The stressful events or the continuing unpleasant circumstances are the primary
and overriding causal factor and the disorder would not have occurred without their
impact. The disorders in this section can thus be regarded as maladaptive responses to
severe or continued stress, in that they interfere with successful coping mechanisms and
therefore lead to problems of social functioning.
严重压力之反应与适应障碍症
此一类诊断与其他类不同乃在於要确认此种疾病 ，
不仅要基於症状学和病程 ， 而且也要基於一两个影
响的原因 － 包含一个非比寻常的压力事件产生压力
反应 ， 或是一个显着的生活改变导致继续不适意的
环境因而引起适应障碍症。虽然较不严重的心理社
会压力 （ 生活事件 ） 会发生或促发在本章中处处所
提的较广范围之疾病表现 ， 然而此类压力在病因学
上的重要性并不一定清楚 ， 而每个个案上的特异性
与脆弱性是较为重要的。它们并不必然也不充分能
够解释疾病的发生及型式 * 相对地 ， 本项疾病被认为
是直接导因於急性严重的压力或持续创伤所致之後
果。此种压力事件或持续的不愉快情境是主要的或
具决定性的因子 ， 如果没有此种冲击疾病必然不会
发生。本节之疾病可以说是对严重或持续压力之不
良反应 ， 此情况会干扰个体应付事情之机转 ， 以致
引起社会性功能之障碍。
F43.1
Post-traumatic stress disorder
Arises as a delayed or protracted response to a stressful event or situation (of either
brief or long duration) of an exceptionally threatening or catastrophic nature, which is
likely to cause pervasive distress in almost anyone. Predisposing factors, such as
personality traits (e.g. compulsive, asthenic) or previous history of neurotic illness,
may lower the threshold for the development of the syndrome or aggravate its course, but
they are neither necessary nor sufficient to explain its occurrence. Typical features
include episodes of repeated reliving of the trauma in intrusive memories
("flashbacks"), dreams or nightmares, occurring against the persisting
background of a sense of "numbness" and emotional blunting, detachment from
other people, unresponsiveness to surroundings, anhedonia, and avoidance of activities and
situations reminiscent of the trauma. There is usually a state of autonomic hyperarousal
with hypervigilance, an enhanced startle reaction, and insomnia. Anxiety and depression
are commonly associated with the above symptoms and signs, and suicidal ideation is not
infrequent. The onset follows the trauma with a latency period that may range from a few
weeks to months. The course is fluctuating but recovery can be expected in the majority of
cases. In a small proportion of cases the condition may follow a chronic course over many
years, with eventual transition to an enduring personality change (F62.0).
Traumatic neurosis
创伤後障碍症
源自於对某一压力事件或某种长、短期存在之压力
情境 ， 以迟缓或且拖延的反应来表现。这类事件或
情境具有异常之威胁性或是大灾难的性质 ， 它几乎
可使任何人痛苦。如果有某一些人格特质因素存在
的话 （ 如个性上较强迫性格或柔弱 ） ， 或过去有精
神官能症 ， 可能会使此种症候发生的临界点降低或
使其病程恶化 ， 但它仍不足以完全解释此症候的发
生。典型症状包含 ： 过去创伤的情节会一再侵入记
忆而重现 （flashbacks） ， 常做梦或梦魔 ， 一直感觉 ” 麻
木 ” 及情感迟钝 ， 和别人疏离 ， 对环境没有反应 ，
快乐感缺失 ， 及逃避会使其回忆创伤的种种活动和
情境。自律神经经常属於过度激发状态 ， 伴随有过
度警戒、易有惊吓反应及失眠。忧郁和焦虑常与以
上的症状、徵候在一起 ， 自杀的念头也不少见。创
伤之後到疾病产生之间的潜伏期有数周到数月之久
， 但很少超过六个月。病程起起伏伏 ， 但大部分的
个案都能预期会恢复。不过少部分个案会慢性化而
历经好多年 ， 以致形成人格的永久改变。 （见F62.0）
创伤性精神官能症。
F45
Somatoform disorders
The main feature is repeated presentation of physical symptoms together with persistent
requests for medical investigations, in spite of repeated negative findings and
reassurances by doctors that the symptoms have no physical basis. If any physical
disorders are present, they do not explain the nature and extent of the symptoms or the
distress and preoccupation of the patient.
Excludes: dissociative disorders (F44.-)
hair-plucking (F98.4)
lalling (F80.O)
lisping (F80.8)
nail-biting (F98.8)
psychological or behavioural factors associated with disorders or diseases classified
elsewhere (F54)
sexual dysfunction, not caused by organic disorder or disease (F52.-)
thumb-sucking (F98.8)
tic disorders (in childhood and adolescence) (F95.-)
Tourette's syndrome (F95.2)
trichotillomania (F63.3)
拟身体障碍症
主要特徵是重复地表现出身体症状 ， 一直要做身体
检查 ， 虽然检查结果是正常的 ， 且医师已保证不是
生理原因引起此症状。即使有身体疾病存在 ， 也无
法解释病患症状的性质和程度或病患的痛苦及彼等
全神贯注於此症状之状况。
不包含 ： 解离症 （F44.-）
拔发 （F98.4）
讲音障碍 （F80.0）
口齿不清 （F80.8）
咬指甲 （F98.8）
他处已归类之身体障碍或身体疾病相关之心理或行
为因素 （F54）
非器质性之性功能障碍症 （F52.-）
吮姆指 （F98.8）
抽搐症 （ 儿童及青春期 ） （F95）
土雷徵候群 （F95.2）
拔毛症 （F63.3） 。
F45.3
Somatoform autonomic dysfunction
Symptoms are presented by the patient as if they were due to a physical disorder of a
system or organ that is largely or completely under autonomic innervation and control,
i.e. the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, respiratory and urogenital systems. The
symptoms are usually of two types, neither of which indicates a physical disorder of the
organ or system concerned. First, there are complaints based upon objective signs of
autonomic arousal, such as palpitations, sweating, flushing, tremor, and expression of
fear and distress about the possibility of a physical disorder. Second, there are
subjective complaints of a nonspecific or changing nature such as fleeting aches and
pains, sensations of burning, heaviness, tightness, and feelings of being bloated or
distended, which are referred by the patient to a specific organ or Cardiac neurosis
Da Costa's syndrome
Gastric neurosis
Neurocirculatory asthenia
Psychogenic forms of:
. aerophagy
. cough
. diarrhoea
. dyspepsia
. dysuria
. flatulence
. hiccough
. hyperventilation
. increased frequency of micturition
. irritable bowel syndrome
. pylorospasm
Excludes: psychological and behavioural factors associated with disorders or diseases
classified elsewhere (F54)
自主神经功能拟身体障碍症 ：
这类病人的症状表现与大多或完全由自律神经控制
的系统或器官产生的身体疾患很像 ， 例如心脏血管
、胃肠、呼吸系统及泌尿生殖系统。这些症状分成
两型 ， 均无具身体器质障碍 ： 第一、自主神经高亢
表现之客观身体徵象 ， 如心悸、盗汗、脸红、及颤
抖等 ， 这些症状被患者认定有身体疾病 ， 有感到害
怕与困扰。第二、属於比较非特异性、非特定性的
症状 ， 如短暂的疼痛感、发烧感、沈重感、紧绷及
膨胀扩大感 ； 而病人大多会指出某一系统或器官引
起的疾病。
心脏精神官能症
Da Costa 氏徵候群
胃精神官能症
神经循环虚弱
心因性 ：
． 吞气症
． 咳嗽
． 下痢
． 消化不良
． 解尿困难
． 肠气
． 打嗝
． 过度换气症
． 频尿
． 肠道快速蠕动症
． 幽门痉挛
不包含 ： 与他处已归类疾患相关的心理及行为因素
（F54） 。
Behavioural syndromes associated with
physiological disturbances and physical factors (F50-F59)
生理障碍及身体因素相关之行为徵候群 (F50-F59)
F50.5
Vomiting associated with other psychological disturbances
Repeated vomiting that occurs in dissociative disorders (F44.-) and hypochondriacal
disorder (F45.2), and that is not solely due to conditions classified outside this
chapter. This subcategory may also be used in addition to 021.- (excessive vomiting in
pregnancy) when emotional factors are predominant in the causation of recurrent nausea and
vomiting in pregnancy.
Psychogenic vomiting
Excludes: nausea (R11)
vomiting NOS (R11)
其他心理障碍相关之呕吐症
重覆呕吐可出现在解离症及虑病症的病人此时呕吐
可能是许多身体症状之一。当情绪因素是怀孕中反
覆恶心 ， 呕吐的主因时 ， 可以使用 F50.5 这诊断并附加
O21.- （ 怀孕中的过份呕吐 ） 之诊断。
心因性呕吐
不包含 ： 恶心 (R11)
其他未明示之呕吐 (R11)
F51
Nonorganic sleep disorders
In many cases, a disturbance of sleep is one of the symptoms of another disorder, either
mental or physical. Whether a sleep disorder in a given patient is an independent
condition or simply one of the features of another disorder classified elsewhere, either
in this chapter or in others, should be determined on the basis of its clinical
presentation and course as well as on the therapeutic considerations and priorities at the
time of the consultation. Generally, if the sleep disorder is one of the major complaints
and is perceived as a condition in itself, the present code should be used along with
other pertinent diagnoses describing the psychopathology and pathophysiology involved in a
given case. This category includes only those sleep disorders in which emotional causes
are considered to be a primary factor, and which are not due to identifiable physical
disorders classified elsewhere.
Excludes: sleep disorders (organic) (G47.-)
非器质性睡眠障碍症
许多病例中 ， 睡眠障碍常是他种疾病的症状表现之
一 ， 无论是精神或身体的疾病。不论病人的睡眠障
碍是单独出现 ， 或是其他疾病的症状之一 ， 诊断时
必须取决於临床表现、病程发展、治疗考虑、以及
照会时临床问题的优先顺序。一般来说 ， 如果睡眠
障碍是病人一个主诉 ， 同时被视为是重要的问题时
， 那麽除了使用其他能描述精神病理和生理病理问
题的适当诊断之外 ， F51 这个代码的诊断也应被列入
。这个诊断包含主要是由情绪因素所引起的睡眠障
碍 ， 以及其他无法证明是生理疾病引起的睡眠问题
。
不包含 ： 睡眠障碍症 （ 器质性 ） (G47.-)
F51.1
Nonorganic hypersomnia
Hypersomnia is defined as a condition of either excessive daytime sleepiness and sleep
attacks (not accounted for by an inadequate amount of sleep) or prolonged transition to
the fully aroused state upon awakening. In the absence of an organic factor for the
occurrence of hypersomnia, this condition is usually associated with mental disorders.
Excludes: hypersomnia (organic) (G47.1)
narcolepsy (G47.4)
非器质性多眠症
多眠的定义在於白天过份的睡眠和昏昏欲睡 （ 非起
因於睡眠不足者 ） ， 或必须在很长的时间才能从睡
眠完全清醒过来。如果不能以器质因素来解释嗜睡
的出现 ， 则常常是因为精神疾患所引发。
不包含 ： 多眠症 （ 器质性 ） (G47.1)
嗜睡症 (G47.4)
F54
Psychological and behavioural factors associated with disorders or
diseases classified elsewhere behavioural influences thought to have played a major part
in the etiology of physical disorders which can be classified to other chapters. Any
resulting mental disturbances are usually mild, and often prolonged (such as worry,
emotional conflict, apprehension) and do not of themselves justify the use of any of the
categories in this chapter.
Psychological factors affecting physical conditions
Examples of the use of this category are:
. asthma F54 and J45.-
. dermatitis F54 and L23-L25
. gastric ulcer F54 and K25.-
. mucous colitis F54 and K58.-
. ulcerative colitis F54 and K51.-
. urticaria F54 and L50.-
Use additional code, if desired, to identify the associated physical disorder.
Excludes: tension-type headache (G44.2)
与他处所归类之障碍症或疾病有关的心理和行为因
素
本类情况应当用於记录心理或行为因素的存在 ， 这
些因素被认为对於可用 ICD-10 其他章节加以分类的身体
疾病病因 ， 具有重大影响。导因的心理困扰通常是
轻微的 ， 且时间拖得很久 （ 如担心、情绪冲突、害
怕 ） ， 而本身并不符合本章其他疾病的特点。
心理因素影响身体状况 ：
本范围所提身体疾病之实例 ：
． 气喘 F54 和 J45.-
． 皮肤炎 F54 和 L23-L25
． 胃溃疡 F54 和 K25.-
． 黏液性结肠炎 F54 和 K58.-
． 溃疡性结肠炎 F54 和 K51.-
． 麻疹 F54 和 L50.-
如有需要 ， 使用附码来区别相关身体疾病。
不包含 ： 紧张性头痛 (G44.2)
F59
Unspecified behavioural syndromes associated with physiological
disturbances and physical factors
Psychogenic physiological dysfunction NOS
与生理障碍和身体因素有关的非特异性行为徵候群
心因性生理功能障碍 ， 其他未明示的
Disorders of adult personality and
behaviour (F60-F69)
This block includes a variety of conditions and behaviour patterns of clinical
significance which tend to be persistent and appear to be the expression of the
individual's characteristic lifestyle and mode of relating to himself or herself and
others. Some of these conditions and patterns of behaviour emerge early in the course of
individual development, as a result of both constitutional factors and social experience,
while others are acquired later in life. Specific personality disorders (F60.-), mixed and
other personality disorders (F61.-), and enduring personality changes (F62.-) are deeply
ingrained and enduring behaviour patterns, manifesting as inflexible responses to a broad
range of personal and social situations. They represent extreme or significant deviations
from the way in which the average individual in a given culture perceives, thinks, feels
and, particularly, relates to others. Such behaviour patterns tend to be stable and to
encompass multiple domains of behaviour and psychological functioning. They are
frequently, but not always, associated with various degrees of subjective distress and
problems of social performance.
成人人格与行为违常 (F60-F69)
这一节包含了各种较具有临床意义之状态及行为模
式 ， 它们倾向於较具持久性 ， 表现出个人生活型态
之特徵以及个人与他人之应对模式。上述这些有意
义的状态及行为模式 ， 有些是在个体发展的早期就
表现出来 ， 可说是体质因素和社会经验的结果 ； 然
而其馀则是在个体生命的後期方形成的 ， 无论是特
定人格障碍症、混合型与其他人格障碍症及持续的
人格改变 ， 都是根深蒂固持续的行为模式。显示出
他们对个人的与对社会情境采取较僵化的反应。他
们与相同文化 ， 思想 ， 经验的一般大众比较之下显
示有极大差异 ， 这些行为模式倾向於固定 ， 而且表
现在多方面的行为及心理功能上。经常会造成个案
本人痛苦 ， 以及其社会功能表现的问题。
F80
Specific developmental disorders of speech and language
Disorders in which normal patterns of language acquisition are disturbed from the early
stages of development. The conditions are not directly attributable to neurological or
speech mechanism abnormalities, sensory impairments, mental retardation, or environmental
factors. Specific developmental disorders of speech and language are often followed by
associated problems, such as difficulties in reading and spelling, abnor malities in
interpersonal relationships, and emotional and behavioural disorders .
特定语言发展障碍症
此类障碍症自早年发展阶段开始其正常语言能力的
获得即有缺损。这种情况并非直接归因於神经功能
或语言机转异常、感觉缺损、智能不足或环境因素
。患有特定语言发展障碍症的儿童 ， 语言发展迟滞
常伴随有阅读及拼音困难、人际关系异常、及情绪
与行为障碍。
M08.0
Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis with or without rheumatoid factor
少年期类风湿性关节炎
伴有或未伴有类风湿性因子之少年期类风湿性关节
炎
N97.4
Female infertility associated with male factors
与男性有关之女性不孕症
FETUS AND NEWBORN AFFECTED BY MATERNAL
FACTORS AND BY COMPLICATIONS OF PREGNANCY, LABOUR AND DELIVERY (P00-P04)
Includes: the listed maternal conditions only when specified as a cause of mortality or
morbidity in fetus or newborn
母体因素及怀孕、分娩、生产之并发症所影响之胎
儿及新生儿 (P00-P04)
包含 ： 所列之母体病况乃指已明示为胎儿或新生儿
死亡或发病的原因者
TRANSITORY ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC
DISORDERS SPECIFIC TO FETUS AND NEWBORN (P70-P74)
Includes: transitory endocrine and metabolic disturbances caused by the infant's response
to maternal endocrine and metabolic factors, or its adjustment to extrauterine existence
特发於胎儿及新生儿之暂时性内分泌及代谢疾患
(P70-P74)
包含 ： 婴儿对母体内分泌及代谢因子的反应或是婴
儿对子宫外生存的调节所引起的暂时性内分泌及代
谢障碍。
T80.4
Rh incompatibility reaction
Reaction due to Rh factor in infusion or transfusion
Rh 不符合反应
肇因於输液或输血中 R H 因子之反应
Transport accidents (V01-V99)
Note: This section is structured in 12 groups. Those relating to land transport accidents
(V01-V89) reflect the victim's mode of transport and are subdivided to identify the
victim's "counterpart" or the type of event. The vehicle of which the injured
person is an occupant is identified in the first two characters since it is seen as the
most important factor to identify for prevention purposes.
Excludes: assault by crashing of motor vehicle (Y03.-)
event of undetermined intent (Y32-Y33)
intentional self-harm (X82-X83)
transport accidents due to cataclysm (X34-X38)
运输事故 (V01-V99)
注 ： 本节分为 1 2 组。那些与陆路运输事故有关的类
别 （V01-V89） 除了反应出受害者所选择的运输方式外 ，
还被用来细分以辨明受害者的相对应角色或事件的
形式。而我们用受伤的人所乘坐之交通工具的前两
字母做为辨识 ， 因为这是辨明预防方式之重要因素
。
不包含 ： 因机动运车辆冲撞之加害 (Y03.-)
动机不明的事件 (Y32-Y33)
蓄意的自我伤害 (X82-X83)
地震所引起的运输事故 (X34-X38)
W99
Exposure to other and unspecified man-made environmental factors
暴露於其他和未明示的人为环境因素
Accidental exposure to other and
unspecified factors (X58-X59)
[See pages 1013-1017 for fourth-character subdivisions]
意外暴露於其他及未明示的因素 (X58-X59)
〔见 1013-1017 页第四码次分类〕
X58
Exposure to other specified factors
暴露於其他明示的因素
X59
Exposure to unspecified factor
Includes: accident NOS
exposure NOS
暴露於未明示的因素
包含 ： 意外 ， 其他未明示的
暴露 ， 其他未明示的
Supplementary factors related to causes
of morbidity and mortality classified elsewhere (Y90-Y98)
Note: These categories may be used, if desired, to provide supplemen- tary information
concerning causes of morbidity and mortality. They are not to be used for single-condition
coding in morbidity or mortality.
其他诊断已归类之发病或死亡原因之补充说明 (Y90-Y98)
注 ： 这些分类可以作为发病或死亡原因之补充说明
， 但不可单独为发病或死亡原因编码。
Chapter XXI 第二十一章
FACTORS INFLUENCING HEALTH STATUS AND CONTACT WITH HEALTH SERVICES (Z00-Z99)
影响健康状况及使用医疗服务的的因素 (Z00-Z99)
Note: This chapter should not be used for international
comparison or for primary mortality coding.
Categories Z00-Z99 are provided for occasions when circumstances other than a disease,
injury or external cause classifiable to categories A00-Y89 are recorded as
"diagnoses" or "problems". This can arise in two main ways:
注 ： 本章不可用作国际间的比较或初步译码之用。
Z00-Z99 系用於病历记录上之诊断或问题为疾病、伤害
或外因 ， 即 A00-Y89 以外的情况。这些情况有两大主要
类别 ：
(b)
When some circumstance or problem is present which influences the
person's health status but is not in itself a current illness or injury. Such factors may
be elicited during population surverys, when the person may or may not be currently sick,
or be recorded as an additional factor to be borne in mind when the person is receiving
care for some illness or injury.
某些情况或问题会影响个人健康状况 ， 但本身并非
现存疾病或受伤。这些因素可能在人口调查中发现
， 但当时可能有病或可能没病 ； 或是当病人为了某
些疾病或伤害就医时 ， 需要记录下来加以注意的因
素。
Z40.0
Prophylactic surgery for risk-factors related to malignant neoplasms
Admission for prophylactic organ removal
对恶性肿瘤相关危险因子的预防性手术
因预防性器官摘除的住院
Z56
Problems related to employment and unemployment
Excludes: occupational exposure to risk-factors (Z57.-)
problems related to housing and economic circumstances (Z59.-)
有关就业及失业的问题
不包含 ： 危险因素之职业性暴露 (Z57.-)
有关居住及经济环境的问题 (Z59.-)
Z57
Occupational exposure to risk-factors
危险因素之职业性暴露
Z57.8
Occupational exposure to other risk-factors
其他危险因素之职业性暴露
Z57.9
Occupational exposure to unspecified risk-factor
未明示危险因素之职业性暴露
Z91
Personal history of risk-factors, not elsewhere classified
Excludes: exposure to pollution and other problems related to physical environment (Z58.-)
occupational exposure to risk-factors (Z57.-)
personal history of psychoactive substance abuse (Z86.4)
危险因子之个人史 ， 他处未归类
不包含 ： 暴露於污染及其他与物理环境有关的问题下 (Z58.-)
危险因素之职业性暴露 (Z57.-)
兴奋剂滥用的个人史 (Z86.4)
Z91.8
Personal history of other specified risk-factors, not elsewhere
classified
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