exist [ ig'zist] vi.存在；生存，生活
exist [ig'zist] vi. 存在
exist [ig'zist] 存在
existing 现存的
Electrical Inspection Code for Existing Dwellings
一至二户住宅的电气维修规范
现有的考试制度的利与弊 The Positive and Negative Aspects of Exams and the Existing Examination System
additions to existing product lines 现有产品线的增加
existing market 现有市场
improvements in or revisions of existing products 现有产品的改良或修正
existing structure
现行职制
existing boundary 现有分界
according to existing law 根据现行法律
Optimism assumes, or attempts to prove, that the universe exists to please us, and pessimism that it exists to displease us.
乐观主义假定或企图证明宇宙存在是为了使我们快乐；悲观主义则假定或企图证明那是为了使我们不快乐。
Freedom of opinion can only exist when the government thinks itself secure.
言论自由只有在政府认为自己安全时才能存在。
The state of tension, which at one time existed between the US and Russia, was called "the Cold War".
美俄之间一度存在的紧张状态称为"冷战"。
What he described exists only in imagination but not in reality.
他所描绘的只是想象，而不是现实。
A rich variety of dialects still exist throughout the country.
全国仍然存在着各种各样的方言。
Although we can't see these atoms, they really do exist.虽然我们看不见原子，但它们的确存在。
There are several steps that can be taken, of which the chief one is to demand of all the organizations that exist with the declared objectives of safeguarding the interests of animals that they should declare clearly where they stand on violence towards people.
有几项措施可以采取，其中主要的是要所有宣布以保护动物利益为目标的组织都明确宣布他们对于人类所受到的暴力袭击表决坚定的立场、
If we take the age-and sex-specific unemployment rates that existed in 1956 (when the overall unemployment rate was 4.1 percent) and weight them by the age- and sex-specific shares of the labor force that prevail currently, the overall unemployment rate becomes 5 percent.
如果我们将1956年（当时的平均失业率为4、1％）的年龄和性别失业率分来用今天一般的劳动力中年龄性别比来计算的话，平均失业率就是5％了。
Quite apart from the logistic problems, there existed a well-established tradition in Britain which refused to repatriate against their will people who found themselves in British hands and the nature of whose reception by their own government was, to say the least, dubious.
除了逻辑推理问题之外，在英国存在一种悠久的拒绝遣送违反他们意志的人们的传统，这些人们发现他们处于英国政府的掌握，而这种政府接受的本质却不确定的。
I am not sure such data does exist.
我不确定是否有这样的资料存在。
Yesterday is dead, forget it; tomorrow does not exist, don't worry; today is here, use it.
昨天已经消逝，把它忘掉；明天还未来到，不必烦恼；今天就在眼前，把它用好。
I am not sure such data does exist.
我不确定是否有这样的资料存在。
Don't part with your illusions. When they are gone you may still exist, but you have ceased to live.
Mark Twain. American writer
不要放弃你的幻想。当幻想没有了以后，你还可以生存，但是你虽生犹死。
美国作家马克吐温
Among a people general corrupt, liberty cannot long exist.
Edmond Burke, British statesman
在一个普遍腐败的民族里，自由不可能长期存在。
英国政治家伯克.E.
The emotional differences exist, at least, between the genders.
Delia M. Rios, American writer
男女至少在情感上存在差异。
美国作家里奥.D.M.
Beauty in things exists in the mind which contemplates them.
D.Hume, British Philosopher
事物的美存在于仔细观察者心目中。
英国哲学家休谟.D.
If God did not exist , it would be necessary to invent Him.
Voltaire, French Philosopher
如果上帝并不存在，也有必要把他创造出来。
法国哲学家伏尔泰
It is the final proof of God's omnipltence that he need not exist in order to save us.
Peter De Vires, American novelist
最终证明上帝是万能的，那就是他不必为了拯救我们而存在。
美国小说家德夫里斯.P。
out : 结束，消失，取消(to or at an end, not to be there or not to exist)
burn out 烧尽，烧断
clear out 清除
dust out 清除
fade out 消失
put out 扑灭
run out 用完
use out 耗尽
give out 耗尽
comb out 淘汰
kick out 逐出
wipe out 消灭
die out 灭绝
rub out 擦掉
blot out 除去
blow out 吹熄
bleach out 漂白
carry out 完成，执行
leave out 省去
see out 完成
go out 熄灭
come out 罢工，结果
cut out 删去，停止
hold out 坚持到底
sell out 买完
tire out 筋疲力尽
wear out 磨损
This is to inform you that by mutual consent, the agency contract with …… will cease to exist at the end of ……. Therefore, from the beginning of ……, we welcome your direct inquiries to our office.
与……公司所签代理合约，经双方同意，将于自……(日期)起失效。因此从自……(日期)起，欢迎向我公司直接询购，特此通知。
并存 [bìng cún] /(v) exist at the same time/
并立 [bìng lì] /exist side by side/exist simultaneously/
存 [cún] /exist/deposit/store/keep/survive/
存在 [cún zài] /to exist/to be/
没有 [méi yǒu] /haven't/hasn't/doesn't exist/to not have/to not be/
生存 [shēng cún] /to exist/to survive/
事态 [shì tài] /situation/existing state of affairs/
现 [xiàn] /appear/present/now/existing/current/
现有 [xiàn yǒu] /currently existing/currently available/
有 [yǒu] /to have/there is/there are/to exist/to be/
有的 [yǒu de ] /(there are) some (who are...)/some (exist)/
在 [zài] /(located) at/in/exist/
A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide — the division of the world into the info(information) rich and the info poor.
今天，人们十分关注所谓的是信息差异问题——世界上信息资源丰富的地区和信息资源贫乏的地区之间的差异；
And that divide does exist today.
这个差异确实存在，
My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago.
我和我妻子20年前就曾谈及这个临近的危险。
What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide.
然而，那时还不太明显的是一些抵制信息差异的、新的积极因素。
There are reasons to be optimistic.
实际上我们是完全有理由感到乐观的。
There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers, which helps explain why the "standard templates" of the newsroom seem alien to many readers.
新闻记者和读者之间存在着社会和文化方面的脱节，这就是为什么新闻编辑室的“标准模式”与众多读者的意趣相差甚远的原因。
Given this optimistic approach to technological innovation, the American worker took readily to that special kind of nonverbal thinking required in mechanical technology.
有了这种对技术革新的乐观态度，美国工人很快便习惯了机械技术需要的那种特别的非语言的思维方式。
As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out, "A technologist thinks about objects that cannot be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions; they are dealt with in his mind by a visual, nonverbal process... The designer and the inventor... are able to assemble and manipulate in their minds devices that as yet do not exist."
正如尤金·弗格森曾指出的：“技术人员思考那些不能被简化成功用明确的语言进行描述的物体；这些物体在他的头脑中以视觉性的、非语言性的方式被处理加工……设计者和发明者……能把那些尚不存在的机械在头脑中组装和操作。”
The ability to solve any problem or even to recognize that a problem exists depends on memory.
解决任何问题，甚至是识别问题存在的能力都取决于记忆。
{adj: aboriginal, primal, primeval, primaeval, primordial} having existed from the beginning; in an earliest or original stage or state
"aboriginal forests"
"primal eras before the appearance of life on earth"
"the forest primeval"
"primordial matter"
"primordial forms of life"
{adj: abounding, galore} existing in abundance
"abounding confidence"
"whiskey galore"
{adj: abstract} existing only in the mind; separated from embodiment
"abstract words like `truth' and `justice'"
<-> concrete
{adj: accomplishable, achievable, doable, manageable, realizable} capable of existing or taking place or proving true; possible to do
{adj: actual, existent} presently existing in fact and not merely potential or possible
"the predicted temperature and the actual temperature were markedly different"
"actual and imagined conditions"
<-> potential
{adj: actual, factual} existing in act or fact
"rocks and trees...the actual world"
"actual heroism"
"the actual things that produced the emotion you experienced"
{adj: actual} being or existing at the present moment
"the ship's actual position is 22 miles due south of Key West"
{adj: alkahestic} of or pertaining to the alkahest that alchemists assumed to exist
{adj: apart, isolated, obscure} remote and separate physically or socially
"existed over the centuries as a world apart"
"preserved because they inhabited a place apart"- W.H.Hudson
"tiny isolated villages remote from centers of civilization"
"an obscure village"
{adj: asynchronous} not synchronous; not occurring or existing at the same time or having the same period or phase
<-> synchronous
{adj: autonomous} existing as an independent entity
"the partitioning of India created two separate and autonomous jute economies"
{adj: bodied, corporal, corporate, embodied, incarnate} possessing or existing in bodily form
"what seemed corporal melted as breath into the wind"- Shakespeare
"an incarnate spirit"
"`corporate' is an archaic term"
{adj: brought about} caused to exist
"he applauded the good will brought about in the neighborhood"
{adj: built-in, constitutional, inbuilt, inherent, integral} existing as an essential constituent or characteristic
"the Ptolemaic system with its built-in concept of periodicity"
"a constitutional inability to tell the truth"
{adj: chimeric, chimerical, chimeral} being or relating to or like a chimera
"his Utopia is not as chimeric commonwealth but a practical improvement on what already exists"- Douglas Bush
{adj: chimerical} produced by a wildly fanciful imagination
"his Utopia is not a chimerical commonwealth but a practical improvement on what already exists"- Douglas Bush
{adj: coexistent, coexisting} existing at the same time
{adj: compatible, well-matched} (of a couple) existing together harmoniously
{adj: compatible} able to exist and perform in harmonious or agreeable combination
"a compatible married couple"
"her deeds were compatible with her ideology"
<-> incompatible
{adj: connatural, inborn, inbred} normally existing at birth
"mankind's connatural sense of the good"
{adj: consensual} existing by consent
"a consensual contract"
{adj: cutaneous, cutaneal, dermal} relating to or existing on or affecting the skin
"cutaneous nerves"
"a cutaneous infection"
{adj: de facto, actual, factual} existing in fact whether with lawful authority or not
"de facto segregation is as real as segregation imposed by law"
"a de facto state of war"
<-> de jure
{adj: defunct} having ceased to exist or live
"the will of a defunct aunt"
"a defunct Indian tribe"
{adj: dimorphic, dimorphous} occurring or existing in two different forms
"dimorphic crystals"
"dimorphous organisms"
{adj: durable, lasting, long-lasting, long-lived} existing for a long time
"hopes for a durable peace"
"a long-lasting friendship"
{adj: effective} existing in fact; not theoretical; real
"a decline in the effective demand"
"confused increased equipment and expenditure with the quantity of effective work done"
{adj: equatorial} of or existing at or near the geographic equator
"equatorial Africa"
<-> polar
{adj: existent, existing} having existence or being or actuality
"an attempt to refine the existent machinery to make it more efficient"
"much of the beluga caviar existing in the world is found in the Soviet Union and Iran"
<-> nonexistent
{adj: existing} existing in something specified
"depletion of the oxygen existing in the bloodstream"
{adj: existing} presently existing
"the existing system"
{adj: facultative} able to exist under more than one set of conditions
"a facultative parasite can exist as a parasite or a saprophyte"
<-> obligate
{adj: fantastic, fantastical} existing in fancy only
"fantastic figures with bulbous heads the circumference of a bushel"- Nathaniel Hawthorne
{adj: gaseous} existing as or having characteristics of a gas
"steam is water is the gaseous state"
<-> solid, liquid
{adj: harmonious} existing together in harmony
"harmonious family relationships"
{adj: historical} having once lived or existed or taken place in the real world as distinct from being legendary
"the historical Jesus"
"doubt that a historical Camelot every existed"
"actual historical events"
{adj: ideal} constituting or existing only in the form of an idea or mental image or conception
"a poem or essay may be typical of its period in idea or ideal content"
{adj: impermanent} existing or enduring for a limited time only
{adj: indwelling} existing or residing as an inner activating spirit or force or principle
"an indwelling divinity"
"an indwelling goodness"
{adj: intermolecular} existing or acting between molecules
"intermolecular forces"
"intermolecular condensation"
{adj: intersexual} existing or occurring between the sexes
{adj: intrastate} relating to or existing within the boundaries of a state
"intrastate as well as interstate commerce"
<-> interstate
{adj: inward} relating to or existing in the mind or thoughts
"a concern with inward reflections"
<-> outward
{adj: lacking, missing, nonexistent, wanting} not existing
"innovation has been sadly lacking"
"character development is missing from the book"
{adj: latent} potentially existing but not presently evident or realized
"a latent fingerprint"
"latent talent"
{adj: liquid} existing as or having characteristics of a liquid; especially tending to flow
"water and milk and blood are liquid substances"
<-> gaseous, solid
{adj: long-standing, longstanding} having existed or continued for a long time
{adj: longstanding} having existed for a long time
"a longstanding friendship"
"the longstanding conflict"
{adj: native} characteristic of or existing by virtue of geographic origin
"the native North American sugar maple"
"many native artists studied abroad"
<-> foreign
{adj: naturally occurring} existing by nature and without artificial aid
"one of the 93 naturally occurring chemical elements"
{adj: natural} existing in or in conformity with nature or the observable world; neither supernatural nor magical
"a perfectly natural explanation"
<-> supernatural
{adj: natural} existing in or produced by nature; not artificial or imitation
"a natural pearl"
"natural gas"
"natural silk"
"natural blonde hair"
"a natural sweetener"
"natural fertilizers"
<-> artificial
{adj: nominal, titular} existing in name only
"the nominal (or titular) head of his party"
{adj: nonextant} no longer existing or inaccessible through loss or destruction
"its nonextant original was written on vellum"- G.B.Saul
{adj: nonnatural, otherworldly, preternatural, transcendental} existing outside of or not in accordance with nature
"find transcendental motives for sublunary action"-Aldous Huxley
{adj: pandemic} existing everywhere
"pandemic fear of nuclear war"
{adj: past} a verb tense or other construction referring to events or states that existed at some previous time
"past participle"
{adj: plentiful} existing in great number or quantity
"rhinoceroses were once plentiful here"
{adj: polar} of or existing at or near a geographical pole or within the Arctic or Antarctic Circles
"polar regions"
<-> equatorial
{adj: possible} capable of happening or existing
"a breakthrough may be possible next year"
"anything is possible"
"warned of possible consequences"
<-> impossible
{adj: postdiluvian} existing or occurring after Noah's flood
{adj: potential, possible} existing in possibility
"a potential problem"
"possible uses of nuclear power"
<-> actual
{adj: preceding} existing or coming before
<-> succeeding
{adj: preexistent, pre-existent, preexisting, pre-existing} existing previously or before something
"variations on pre-existent musical themes"
{adj: prehistoric, prehistorical} belonging to or existing in times before recorded history
"prehistoric settlements"
"prehistoric peoples"
{adj: prenatal, antenatal, antepartum} occurring or existing before birth
"the prenatal period"
"antenatal care"
<-> perinatal, postnatal
{adj: present} spatial sense; being or existing in a specified place
"the murderer is present in this room"
"present at the wedding"
"present at the creation"
<-> absent
{adj: present} temporal sense; intermediate between past and future; now existing or happening or in consideration
"the present leader"
"articles for present use"
"the present topic"
"the present system"
"present observations"
<-> future, past
{adj: prewar} existing or belonging to a time before a war
"prewar levels of industrial production"
<-> postwar
{adj: quantal, quantized} of or relating to a quantum or capable of existing in only one of two states
{adj: shipboard} taking place or existing on board a ship
"a shipboard fire"
"shipboard romances"
{adj: single} existing alone or consisting of one entity or part or aspect or individual
"upon the hill stood a single tower"
"had but a single thought which was to escape"
"a single survivor"
"a single serving"
"a single lens"
"a single thickness"
<-> multiple
{adj: singular, unique} the single one of its kind
"a singular example"
"the unique existing example of Donne's handwriting"
"a unique copy of an ancient manuscript"
"certain types of problems have unique solutions"
{adj: spatiotemporal, spaciotemporal} existing in both space and time; having both spatial extension and temporal duration
{adj: supernatural} not existing in nature or subject to explanation according to natural laws; not physical or material
"supernatural forces and occurrences and beings"
<-> natural
{adj: synchronous, synchronal, synchronic} occurring or existing at the same time or having the same period or phase
"recovery was synchronous with therapy"- Jour.A.M.A.
"a synchronous set of clocks"
"the synchronous action of a bird's wings in flight"
"synchronous oscillations"
<-> asynchronous
{adj: transmundane} existing or extending beyond the physical world
"whatever of transmundane...insight...we may carry"- William James
{adj: unbeknown, unbeknownst} (usually used with `to') occurring or existing without the knowledge of
"a crisis unbeknown to me"
"she had been ill for months, unbeknownst to the family"
{adj: unknown} not known to exist
"things obscurely felt surged up from unsuspected depths in her"- Edith Wharton
{adj: virtual} existing in essence or effect though not in actual fact
"a virtual dependence on charity"
"a virtual revolution"
"virtual reality"
{adv: insinuatingly} in an insinuating manner
"the art book has art to sell, insinuatingly, and for a purpose, like the American muse, which has in fact a tradition to sell, and one which doesn't exist, in painting"
{adv: so far, thus far, up to now, hitherto, heretofore, as yet, yet, til now, until now} used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time
"So far he hasn't called"
"the sun isn't up yet"
{n: Baltic, Baltic language} a branch of the Indo-European family of languages related to the Slavonic languages; Baltic languages have preserved many archaic features that are believed to have existed in Proto-Indo European
{n: Cold War} a state of political hostility that existed from 1945 until 1990 between countries led by the Soviet Union and countries led by the United States
{n: Eastern Church, Byzantine Church} the Catholic Church as it existed in the Byzantine Empire
{n: Hesiod} Greek poet whose existing works describe rural life and the genealogies of the gods and the beginning of the world (eighth century BC)
{n: Isoetales, order Isoetales} aquatic or marsh-growing fern allies; known to have existed since the Cenozoic; sometimes included in Lycopodiales
{n: Lepidobotryaceae, family Lepidobotryaceae} family created in 1950 solely for the classification of a distinctive African tree repeatedly classified in other families; trees long believed to exist only in Africa
{n: North Vietnam} a former country in southeastern Asia that existed from 1954 (after the defeat of the French at Dien Bien Phu) until 1975 when South Vietnam collapsed at the end of the Vietnam War
{n: Platonism, realism} (philosophy) the philosophical doctrine that abstract concepts exist independent of their names
{n: Ro} an artificial language for international use that rejects all existing words and is based instead on an abstract analysis of ideas
{n: South Vietnam} a former country in southeastern Asia that existed from 1954 (after the defeat of the French at Dien Bien Phu) until 1975 when it was defeated and annexed by North Vietnam
{n: Spheniscidae, family Spheniscidae} comprising all existing penguins
{n: United States Customary System} the system of weights and measures based on the foot and pound and second and pint that dates back to colonial America but differs in some respects from the British Imperial System; today in the United States this system exists side by side with the SI system
{n: Upper Paleolithic} the time period during which only modern Homo sapiens was known to have existed; ended about 10,000 years BC
{n: Whig} a member of the Whig Party that existed in the United States before the American Civil War
{n: abstract entity} an entity that exists only abstractly
{n: acculturation, assimilation} the process of assimilating new ideas into an existing cognitive structure
{n: actin} one of the proteins into which actomyosin can be split; can exist in either a globular or a fibrous form
{n: actuality} the state of actually existing objectively
"a hope that progressed from possibility to actuality"
{n: age} how long something has existed
"it was replaced because of its age"
{n: agnostic} a person who claims that they cannot have true knowledge about the existence of God (but does not deny that God might exist)
{n: allotropy, allotropism} the phenomenon of an element existing in two or more physical forms
{n: alpha receptor, alpha-adrenergic receptor, alpha-adrenoceptor} receptors postulated to exist on nerve cell membranes of the sympathetic nervous system in order to explain the specificity of certain agents that affect only some sympathetic activities (such as vasoconstriction and relaxation of intestinal muscles and contraction of smooth muscles)
{n: anachronism, mistiming, misdating} something located at a time when it could not have existed or occurred
{n: analysis of variance, ANOVA} a statistical method for making simultaneous comparisons between two or more means; a statistical method that yields values that can be tested to determine whether a significant relation exists between variables
{n: ancien regime} a political and social system that no longer governs (especially the system that existed in France before the French Revolution)
{n: apparition, phantom, phantasm, phantasma, fantasm, shadow} something existing in perception only
"a ghostly apparition at midnight"
{n: asynchronism, asynchrony, desynchronization, desynchronisation, desynchronizing} the relation that exists when things occur at unrelated times
"the stimulus produced a desynchronizing of the brain waves"
<-> synchronism, synchronization, synchronizing
{n: balance of payments, balance of international payments} a system of recording all of a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world over a period of one year
"a favorable balance of payments exists when more payments are coming in than going out"
{n: being, beingness, existence} the state or fact of existing
"a point of view gradually coming into being"
"laws in existence for centuries"
<-> nonbeing, nonexistence
{n: beta receptor, beta-adrenergic receptor, beta-adrenoceptor} receptors postulated to exist on nerve cell membranes of the sympathetic nervous system in order to explain the specificity of certain agents that affect only some sympathetic activities (such as vasodilation and increased heart beat)
{n: bilocation} the ability (said of certain Roman Catholic saints) to exist simultaneously in two locations
{n: biosphere} the regions of the surface and atmosphere of the Earth (or other planet) where living organisms exist
{n: cause, reason, grounds} a justification for something existing or happening
"he had no cause to complain"
"they had good reason to rejoice"
{n: cell} (biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
{n: chronological age} age measured by the time (years and months) that something or someone has existed
"his chronological age was 71 years"
{n: co-option, co-optation} the selection of a new member (usually by a vote of the existing membership)
{n: coexistence} existing peacefully together
{n: compatibility} capability of existing or performing in harmonious or congenial combination
<-> incompatibility
{n: contradictoriness} the relation that exists when opposites cannot coexist
{n: creditor} a person to whom money is owed by a debtor; someone to whom an obligation exists
<-> debtor
{n: demilitarized zone, DMZ} a zone from which military forces or operations or installations are prohibited
"tensions exist on both sides of the demilitarized zone separating North Korea and South Korea"
{n: derivation} (descriptive linguistics) the process whereby new words are formed from existing words or bases by affixation: `singer' from `sing'; `undo' from `do'
{n: designatum} something (whether existing or not) that is referred to by a linguistic expression
{n: destruction, devastation} the termination of something by causing so much damage to it that it cannot be repaired or no longer exists
{n: detection, sensing} the perception that something has occurred or some state exists
"early detection can often lead to a cure"
{n: dimorphism} (chemistry) the property of certain substances that enables them to exist in two distinct crystalline forms
{n: disappearance} ceasing to exist
"he regretted the disappearance of Greek from school curricula"
"what was responsible for the disappearance of the rainforest?"
"the disappearance of resistance at very low temperatures"
{n: dominance, ascendance, ascendence, ascendancy, ascendency, control} the state that exists when one person or group has power over another
"her apparent dominance of her husband was really her attempt to make him pay attention to her"
{n: environment, environs, surroundings, surround} the area in which something exists or lives
"the country--the flat agricultural surround"
{n: extraterrestrial being, extraterrestrial, alien} a form of life assumed to exist outside the Earth or its atmosphere
{n: extraterrestrial object, estraterrestrial body} a natural object existing outside the earth and outside the earth's atmosphere
{n: fact} a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred
"first you must collect all the facts of the case"
{n: fact} an event known to have happened or something known to have existed
"your fears have no basis in fact"
"how much of the story is fact and how much fiction is hard to tell"
{n: fantasy world, phantasy world, fairyland} something existing solely in the imagination (but often mistaken for reality)
{n: fictional animal} animals that exist only in fiction (usually in children's stories)
{n: fiduciary relation} the legal relation that exists when one person justifiably places reliance on another whose aid or protection is sought in some matter
{n: fossilization, fossilisation} the process of fossilizing a plant or animal that existed in some earlier age; the process of being turned to stone
{n: fossil} the remains (or an impression) of a plant or animal that existed in a past geological age and that has been excavated from the soil
{n: futurology, futuristics} the study or prediction of future developments on the basis of existing conditions
{n: ginkgo, gingko, maidenhair tree, Ginkgo biloba} deciduous dioecious Chinese tree having fan-shaped leaves and fleshy yellow seeds; exists almost exclusively in cultivation especially as an ornamental street tree
{n: grandfather clause} an exemption based on circumstances existing prior to the adoption of some policy; used to enfranchise illiterate whites in south after the American Civil War
{n: historicalness} the state of having in fact existed in the past
{n: holism, holistic theory} the theory that the parts of any whole cannot exist and cannot be understood except in their relation to the whole
"holism holds that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts"
"holistic theory has been applied to ecology and language and mental states"
<-> atomism
{n: hypothetical creature} a creature that has not been observed but is hypothesized to exist
{n: idealization, idealisation} something that exists only as an idea
{n: imaginary being, imaginary creature} a creature of the imagination; a person that exists only in legends or myths or fiction
{n: imaginary place, mythical place, fictitious place} a place that exists only in imagination; a place said to exist in fictional or religious writings
{n: impermanence, impermanency} the property of not existing for indefinitely long durations
<-> permanence
{n: impossibility, impossibleness} incapability of existing or occurring
<-> possibility
{n: incipiency, incipience} beginning to exist or to be apparent
"he placed the incipience of democratic faith at around 1850"
"it is designed to arrest monopolies in their incipiency"
{n: incompatibility} the quality of being unable to exist or work in congenial combination
<-> compatibility
{n: indigence, need, penury, pauperism, pauperization} a state of extreme poverty or destitution
"their indigence appalled him"
"a general state of need exists among the homeless"
{n: intussusception} (biology) growth in the surface area of a cell by the deposit of new particles between existing particles in the cell wall
{n: isomer} a compound that exists in forms having different arrangements of atoms but the same molecular weight
{n: leftover, remnant} a small part or portion that remains after the main part no longer exists
{n: lower criticism} the study of existing manuscripts of Scriptures to determine the original text
{n: materialist} someone who thinks that nothing exists but physical matter
{n: mentalism} (philosophy) a doctrine that mind is the true reality and that objects exist only as aspects of the mind's awareness
{n: metastability} the quality of a physical system that persists in its existing equilibrium when undisturbed (or only slightly disturbed) but able to pass to a more stable equilibrium when sufficiently disturbed
{n: modification, qualifying, limiting} the grammatical relation that exists when a word qualifies the meaning of the phrase
{n: natural process, natural action, action, activity} a process existing in or produced by nature (rather than by the intent of human beings)
"the action of natural forces"
"volcanic activity"
{n: never-never land, dreamland, dreamworld} a pleasing country existing only in dreams or imagination
{n: nihilistic delusion, nihilism} the delusion that things (or everything, including the self) do not exist; a sense that everything is unreal
{n: nonexistence, nonentity} the state of not existing
<-> existence
{n: oral contract} an agreement that is not in writing and is not signed by the parties but is a real existing contract that lacks only the formal requirement of a memorandum to render it enforceable in litigation
{n: permanence, permanency} the property of being able to exist for an indefinite duration
<-> impermanence
{n: phantom limb} the illusion that a limb still exists after it has been amputated
{n: planetesimal} one of many small solid celestial bodies thought to have existed at an early stage in the development of the solar system
{n: plasma} (physical chemistry) a fourth state of matter distinct from solid or liquid or gas and present in stars and fusion reactors; a gas becomes a plasma when it is heated until the atoms lose all their electrons, leaving a highly electrified collection of nuclei and free electrons
"particles in space exist in the form of a plasma"
{n: pluralist} someone who believes that distinct ethnic or cultural or religious groups can exist together in society
{n: plurality} the state of being plural
"to mark plurality, one language may add an extra syllable to the word whereas another may simply change the vowel in the existing final syllable"
{n: polymerase} an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of new DNA and RNA from an existing strand of DNA or RNA
{n: possibility, possibleness} capability of existing or happening or being true
"there is a possibility that his sense of smell has been impaired"
<-> impossibility
{n: preexistence} existing in a former state or previous to something else
{n: preformation, theory of preformation} a theory (popular in the 18th century and now discredited) that an individual develops by simple enlargement of a tiny fully formed organism (a homunculus) that exists in the germ cell
{n: product development} improving an existing product or developing new kinds of products
{n: professional relation} the relation that exists when one person requests and is granted professional help from a qualified source
{n: radiant energy} energy that is transmitted in the form of (electromagnetic) radiation; energy that exists in the absence of matter
{n: realism, naive realism} (philosophy) the philosophical doctrine that physical objects continue to exist when not perceived
{n: realist} a philosopher who believes that universals are real and exist independently of anyone thinking of them
{n: receptor} a cellular structure that is postulated to exist in order to mediate between a chemical agent that acts on nervous tissue and the physiological response
{n: reformation} improvement (or an intended improvement) in the existing form or condition of institutions or practices etc.; intended to make a striking change for the better in social or political or religious affairs
{n: relict} geological feature that is a remnant of a pre-existing formation after other parts have disappeared
{n: resultant role, result} the semantic role of the noun phrase whose referent exists only by virtue of the activity denoted by the verb in the clause
{n: retronym} a word introduced because an existing term has become inadequate
"Nobody ever heard of analog clocks until digital clocks became common, so `analog clock' is a retronym"
{n: rights offering, rights issue} an offering of common stock to existing shareholders who hold subscription rights or pre-emptive rights that entitle them to buy newly issued shares at a discount from the price at which they will be offered to the public later
"the investment banker who handles a rights offering usually agrees to buy any shares not bought by shareholders"
{n: setting, background, scope} the state of the environment in which a situation exists
"you can't do that in a university setting"
{n: simultaneity, simultaneousness} happening or existing or done at the same time
{n: solid solution, primary solid solution} a homogeneous solid that can exist over a range of component chemicals; a constituent of alloys that is formed when atoms of an element are incorporated into the crystals of a metal
{n: solipsism} (philosophy) the philosophical theory that the self is all that you know to exist
{n: status quo} the existing state of affairs
{n: stovepiping} retrieval of information from unconnected databases; the situation that exists when it is necessary to climb out of one database in order to climb down into another; sometimes used for protection against wandering hackers
{n: subsistence} the state of existing in reality; having substance
{n: summary judgment, summary judgement, judgment on the pleadings, judgement on the pleadings} a judgment rendered by the court prior to a verdict because no material issue of fact exists and one party or the other is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law
{n: synchronism, synchrony, synchronicity, synchroneity, synchronization, synchronisation, synchronizing} the relation that exists when things occur at the same time
"the drug produces an increased synchrony of the brain waves"
<-> asynchronism, desynchronization, desynchronizing
{n: time scale} an arrangement of events used as a measure of duration
"on the geological time scale mankind has existed but for a brief moment"
{n: ubiety} the state of existing and being localized in space
{n: universality, catholicity} the quality of being universal; existing everywhere
{n: universe, existence, creation, world, cosmos, macrocosm} everything that exists anywhere
"they study the evolution of the universe"
"the biggest tree in existence"
{n: unreality, irreality} the state of being insubstantial or imaginary; not existing objectively or in fact
<-> reality
{n: vanishing point} the point beyond which something disappears or ceases to exist
{n: vigilance committee} a volunteer committee to maintain order where an efficient legal system does not exist
{n: ylem} (cosmology) the original matter that (according to the big bang theory) existed before the formation of the chemical elements
{v: abound in, teem in, pullulate with} exist in large quantity
{v: abound} be abundant or plentiful ; exist in large quantities
{v: accommodate, reconcile, conciliate} make compatible with
"The scientists had to accommodate the new results with the existing theories"
{v: claim} assert or affirm strongly ; state to be true or existing
"He claimed that he killed the burglar"
<-> disclaim
{v: coexist} exist together
{v: come} exist or occur in a certain point in a series
"Next came the student from France"
{v: compose, compile} put together out of existing material
"compile a list"
{v: continue} exist over a prolonged period of time
"The bad weather continued for two more weeks"
{v: exist, be} have an existence, be extant
"Is there a God?"
{v: exist, survive, live, subsist} support oneself
"he could barely exist on such a low wage"
"Can you live on $2000 a month in New York City?"
"Many people in the world have to subsist on $1 a day"
{v: idle, laze, slug, stagnate} be idle ; exist in a changeless situation
"The old man sat and stagnated on his porch"
"He slugged in bed all morning"
<-> work
{v: indwell} to exist as an inner activating spirit, force, or principle
{v: instantiate} find an instance of (a word or particular usage of a word)
"The linguists could not instantiate this sense of the noun that he claimed existed in a certain dialect"
{v: map} explore or survey for the purpose of making a map
"We haven't even begun to map the many galaxies that we know exist"
{v: occur} to be found to exist
"sexism occurs in many workplaces"
"precious stones occur in a large area in Brazil"
{v: overwrite} write new data on top of existing data and thus erase the previously existing data
"overwrite that file"
{v: preexist} exist beforehand or prior to a certain point in time
"Did this condition pre-exist?"
{v: prevail, persist, die hard, run, endure} continue to exist
"These stories die hard"
"The legend of Elvis endures"
{v: produce, bring about, give rise} cause to occur or exist
"This procedure produces a curious effect"
"The new law gave rise to many complaints"
"These chemicals produce a noxious vapor"
{v: put on} add to something existing
"She put on a sun room"
{v: retrofit} fit in or on an existing structure, such as an older house
"The mansion was retrofitted with modern plumbing"
{v: seem} appear to exist
"There seems no reason to go ahead with the project now"
{v: thrust} geology: thrust (molten rock) into pre-existing rock
{v: vanish, disappear} cease to exist
"An entire civilization vanished"
<-> appear
If, despite all this, we talk with conviction of realizing our long-cherished dream of rebirth and reconstruction, it is because the conditions for doing so now exist.
尽管有这一切，我们还能自信地谈论实现我们长期怀抱的重生和复兴的梦想，这是因为实现的客观条件现在已经具备，
They include the stage of development of the world's economy.
条件之一是世界经济发展达到今天的水平。
There is no existing record for it, but who else would want to challenge him?
目前这个项目的纪录还是空白，然而又有谁会向他提出挑战呢？
A year later in San Francisco, and inspired by Eppie's example, her twin sister Pauline approached the editor of the San Francisco Chronicle and said she felt she could do a better job than the existing advice columnist.
一年后，在旧金山，受其孪生妹妹爱贝的启发，波林找到《旧金山纪事日报》的编辑，说她觉得自己会比现有的忠告专栏作者干得更好。
He thought nothing of combing existing Venetian buildings of his day with ancient Roman monuments and, as an ended touch, he often draped them with wreaths of ivy.
他并不在乎把他那个年代存在的威尼斯的建筑物和古罗马的遗迹结合在一起的画法，作为补充的手法，他常常用常春藤的花环装饰他的画。
With all existing methods of conception, both natural and assisted, all children of such women would inherit the disease causing genes.
不管采用现有的哪一种怀孕方法，自然的还是人工辅助的，这样的妇女所生的孩子都将会遗传那些致病基因。
Terman and many other early advocates of IQ testing had in mind the creation of an American meritocracy, though the word didn't exist then.
特曼和许多早期拥护智商测试的人们都想到了创造一个精英统治的美国社会，尽管当时并没有 " meritocracy "这个词。
Most other observers have long accepted that Puccini's work takes place in that hazy, mythic Orient that has for centuries existed only in the mind of the West.
其他多数观察者形成了一种先入之见，就是说普契尼的作品只发生在西方人眼里的东方，模模糊糊，颇具神话色彩。
Jan Stevens, director of research at DP Connect, an IT recruitment agency, said:
DP 沟通 "是一家招聘信息技术人才的中介公司，该公司的调研部主任简·斯蒂文斯说：
" The government seems to be pulling in two different directions--encouraging people from overseas while introducing new taxes for existing UK contractors. "
"英国政府似乎正从两个不同的方向同时获益：一方面鼓励海外科技人员赴英工作，另一方面又对本国现有的合同制科技人员实施增税。 "
I kept telling myself that the fear of crashing through the guardrail and plunging over the edge existed only in my imagination, not in fact.
我一温遍地提醒自己：冲出护栏坠入深渊只是幻觉，不是事实。
Since nobody has claimed the advertised reward for the Capellos ' stolen knife, he insinuates that the knife never existed or was never stolen: the Italians invented the affair to gain attention and prestige.
卡佩洛兄弟为寻刀而悬赏，但无人来领赏，汤姆因此向人们暗示，此刀要么根本不存在，要么从未被盗走。其言下之意是：意大利人捏造这一事件旨在哗众取宠，借以扬名。
In the real world, we frequently need to make decisions when the full information does not exist.
在现实生活中，我们常常要在信息不足的情况下作出决定。
But any head transplant would not give them the ability to walk again. While medical technology exists to allow a head to be attached to a body in a way similar to how a severed arm is sewn back on, the advances still have not found a way to reattach the spinal cord.
但是，头颅移植术不能使他们恢复行走的能力，因为现在的医学技术尽管可以像缝一支断臂那样把头颅与躯体缝接在一起，但还没有进步到找到连接脊髓的方法。
More tests, mostly improved versions of existing ones, are on the way.
还有更多的测试产品，大多数为现有疾病检测试验的改进型产品，正投向市常
A test result that misses illness is called a false negative;
那种漏掉疾病的测试结果称为假阴性，
a result showing illness when none exists is a false positive.
不存在疾病而显示疾病的结果称为假阳性。
Overall, sales of home health tests are brisk, a trend Mike Dolyk, a Cleveland area buyer for Medic Discount Drugstores, attributes to " the graying of America " along with an accessibility to health information that did not exist a decade ago.
总之，家庭保健测试产品的销售现在是兴旺的，是一种趋向。克利夫兰地区廉价药房进货的商人迈克·杜利克将此归因于 "美国的人口老龄化 "以及想取得 10年前井不存在的健康信息。
Vestergaard acknowledges that this could be much higher if the toll was lower, but says the price was set to avoid killing the existing ferry business.
维斯塔加承认，如果过桥费定得再低一些的话，这个数字还会更高。
Since the nanobots will be communicating with one another over a wireless local area network, they can create any set of neural connections, break existing connections( by suppressing neural firing) and create new hybrid( i.e., combined biological and nonbiological) networks, as well as add powerful new forms of nonbiological intelligence.
由于毫微自动仪将通过一个无线局域相互交流，它们可以创造出任何组合的神经连接，打破现存的连接（通过抑制神经发射）和创造出新的混合（即结合生物和非生物的）络，以及增加强大的新形式的非生物智力。
But first, both companies will have to either acquire or form partnerships with existing broadband cable networks.
不过，两家公司必须首先和现有的宽带电缆网络达成伙伴关系。
But as a scientist and educator, Tyson also knew that the existing planetarium, with its 30s design and technology, didn't come close to conveying the astonishing discoveries modern astronomy has made in the past few decades, from the Big Bang to black holes.
不过, 作为一名科学家和教育学家，泰森知道现在的天文馆设计和技术都是 30年代的，无法展示现代天文学在过去几十年中的世大发现，如宇宙大爆炸和太阳黑洞。
Roughly 3,000 programs exist for the Palm OS, but there are only a few hundred for the Microsoft platform.
掌上 PalmOS 大约可以运行 3, 000个程序，而微软的平台只能支持几百个程序。
Samples of the original vaccines still exist, but time may have degraded them beyond use.
虽然当时的疫苗样品还在，但是相隔时间太长，疫苗可能已经失去效用。
Sure, we 've seen suburban discontent in movies before, but seldom as shattering a view as American Beauty's Lester Burnham, ( Kevin Spacey) hates his job and the cubicle to which it confines him. He has also come to despise his tense, ambitious wife Carolyn( Annette Bening), to mourn the sullen silence that has descended between him and his teenage daughter Jane( Thora Birch), and to loathe the sterile suburbia in which they co-exist. Lester spends a lot of time dreamily thinking about his daughter's friend Angela( Mena Suvari), the American Beauty of the title.
当然我们在以前的电影中也见过家在郊区、生活不如意的人，但是却很少有像《美国美人》那样悲惨的莱斯特·伯纳姆，（凯文·斯帕斯饰）厌恶他的工作和那个限制他的斗室，鄙视他那位成天紧张兮兮又一心想出人头地的妻子卡罗林（安妮特·贝宁饰），为笼罩在处于青春期的女儿简（索尔拉·伯奇饰）和他头顶上沉默的阴云而忧伤，也憎恨他们身处其中的一成不变的郊区。
The simple wooden house sits in an unremarkable old neighborhood in an Osaka suburb, the kind of place people forget still exists in modern Japan.
在大阪市郊区一条很不起眼的老街上有一座简陋的木屋。这是一个很容易被现代日本人遗忘的角落。
You may not even know product even exists, but since the Amazon site is so familiar with your consumption habits, it knows, and offers the product to you.
你也许不知道这种产品真的存在，然而既然亚马孙公司如此洞悉客户的消费习惯，它知道、也将为你提供所需要的商品。
In Kalundborg, Denmark exists an " eco-industrial park " It shows how much can be gained by recycling and resource sharing.
丹麦的凯隆堡市有一个生态工业区。资源共享与重复利用的好处在这里一览无遗。
Sightless and flightless, they exist only to be impregnated.
这些雌性昆虫既没有视力，也无法飞行，它们存在的唯一目的就是受孕生子。
A similar visual mechanism existed in an ancient species: the segmented trilobites, which became extinct 230 million years ago.
一种古老的物种也具有类似的视觉机能，那就是 2.3亿年前就已在地球上绝迹的分节三叶虫。
They also know the variety of species existing at the time.
古生物学家还知道在那个时代存在于地球的各种生物。
A slight possibility always exists that vaccines containing live but weakened viruses-oral polio, measles and mumps vaccines, for example-could trigger the disease they 're intended to prevent.
含有活体但减弱的病毒，例如口服小儿麻痹症、麻疹和流行性腮腺炎的疫苗可能会引起它们予以对抗的疾病，这种可能性总是存在。
Mannesmann is not just competing against existing national phone companies.
曼内斯曼不仅仅要和各国现有的电话公司竞争。
If that is not enough of a shock for phone companies, industry pundits are even predicting that voice may even cease to exist as a service, gradually being subsumed into other services like videoconferencing or included for free.
如果这还不足以让电话公司感到震惊，业界权威人士甚至预言，作为一种服务项目，语音将来可能不复存在，将逐渐被其他服务如视频会议所吞并或向用户免费提供。
" The great thing about my company, " he says cheerfully( 5), " is that it doesn't really exist. "
他开心地说：我的公司最了不起的地方，就在于它实际上并不存在。
A recent study found that daily doses of lycopene, the element that ripens tomatoes and turns them red, may not only prevent prostate cancer but shrink existing tumors as well.
最近一份研究发现，每天摄入一定量的番茄红素──可使番茄成熟，并使其具有红色的元素──不仅有可能防治前列腺癌，还有可能使已有的肿瘤缩校
Gutman presents convincing evidence that this extended kinship structure-which he believes developed by the mid-to-late eighteenth century-provided the foundations for the strong communal consciousness that existed among slaves.
古特曼以令人信服的证据证明，这种广泛悠久的亲缘结构——据他所称于十八世纪中期至后期发展起来——为奴隶之间所存在的那种强烈的集体意识提供了基础。
According to this formulation, highly creative activity transcends the limits of an existing form and establishes a new principle of organization.
按此阐述，高度创造性的活动会超越既存形式的局限，并确立一种全新的组织原则。
Aesthetic particulars produced by the highly creative artist extend or exploit, in an innovative way, the limits of an existing form, rather than transcend that form.
由高度创造性的艺术家所创造的美学上的独特事物，以一种富予创新的方式，拓宽或利用既存形式的局限，而不是超越那种形式本身。
On the other hand, Mozart's The Marriage of Figaro is surely among the masterpieces of music even though its modest innovations are confined to extending existing means.
从另一方面来说，莫扎特（Mozart）的《费加罗的婚礼》（The Marriage of Figaro）无疑属于音乐的典范之作，虽然其朴素的创新仅限于将既存的创作手法予以拓展而已。
These structures are thematic, and they spring, not surprisingly, from the central fact that the Black characters in these novels exist in a predominantly White culture, whether they try to conform to that culture of rebel against it.
这些结构与主题相关，它们并不令人吃惊地源于这样一个中心事实，即这些小说中的人物都生存在一个以白人为主导的文化环境中，无论他们试图去与这种文化趋于一致，抑或奋起叛逆。
Faced with this situation, many historians based their investigations on the only records that seemed to exist: birth, marriage, and death records.
面对这一情形，许多史学家将其研究建立在那些似乎存在的唯一记载上：出生、婚姻、及死亡记载。
There merely existed discordance between application of the sacred law and many of the regulations framed by Islamic states; this antagonism varied according to place and time.
只是在宗教法的实施以及由伊斯兰国家制定的诸多法规之间存在着某些不协调；而这种矛盾依照地点和时间亦有所不同。
This poses an additional, formidable challenge to plant geneticists: they must work on enhancing fixation within the existing symbioses.
这就对植物遗传学家构成了一个额外的、艰巨的挑战：他们必须在现存的共生关系范围内来研究如何提高固氮率。
Lest we think that slavery existed in fact before it did in law, Oscar and Mary Handlin assure us that the status of Black people down to the 1660's was that of servants.
唯恐我们认为奴隶制度事实上的存在先于其法律上的存在，奥斯卡和玛丽·汉德林（Oscar and Mary Hadlin）意欲使我们相信，直到十七世纪六十年代为止，黑人的地位是充当佣人。
A strong analogy exists between European composers like Ralph Vaughan Williams, Edvard Grieg, and Anton Dvorak who combined folk tunes and their own original materials in larger compositions and the pioneer ragtime composers in the United States.
象拉尔夫·威廉姆斯（Ralph Vaughan Williams），爱德华·格里格（Edvard Grieg），以及安东·德沃夏克（Anton Dvorak）这些欧洲作曲家，将民间曲调和他们自己的原创材料融合于规模较大的音乐作品中。
在这些欧洲作曲家和美国先驱散拍乐作曲家之间存在着一种强烈的类比。
It exists as a tradition, a set of conventions, a body of written scores, separate from the individual players associated with it.
它作为一种传统、一整套程式、一个由书面总谱构成的整体而存在，独立于与之紧密相联的单个演奏者。
Undoubtedly such elements exist in the taboos, but there is an additional element with a much more fundamental importance.
毋庸置疑，这样的因素存在于这些禁忌中，但另一个因素具有远为根本的重要性。
Further, during those times, people existed in nuclear or extended family groups, and the sharing of food was quite literally supporting one's family or, by extension, preserving one's self.
进而言之，在这些时期，人们生存在核心家庭或大家庭宗族内，因此分享食物实实在在地说可谓是在维系自己的家庭，或从广义上而言，是在保存自我。
Webb's study illuminates the political alignments that existed in the colonies in the century prior to the American Revolution, but his view of the crown's use of the military as an instrument of colonial policy is not entirely convincing.
韦伯的研究阐明了在美国独立战争之前的那个世纪中，在殖民地所存在的那些政治结盟，但他有关英王将武装部队利用殖民地政策的工具的观点并不全然令人置信。
Classical physics defines the vacuum as a state of absence: a vacuum is said to exist in a region of space if there is nothing in it.
古典物理学将真空（vacuum）定义为一种无物质存在的状态：据称，一个空间区域内如果一无所有，真空在其中便告存在。
Under these conditions the electron and positron are not a result of vacuum fluctuations but are real particles, which exist indefinitely and can be detected.
在这些条件下，这个电子和阳电子不是真空波动变化而致的结果，而是实粒子，它们会无限地存在下去，并可被测定。
Consequently, the cultural history of Britain's North American empire in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries has been written almost as if the Southern colonies had never existed.
因此，十七和十八世纪英国的北美殖民地帝国的文化史，对这方面的著述，几乎仿佛南方诸殖民地从不曾存在。
The crime of trafficking children exists throughout Southeast Asia. According to the State Department, the largest number of victims trafficked annually in the world come from this region, often to feed the booming sex-tourism industry.
东南亚各国都有贩卖儿童的勾当，根据美国国务院透露，每年全世界被贩卖的儿童大多数来自这个地区，他们往往是被卖给十分兴旺的性旅游行业。
Four years ago, President Bush restricted federal funding for embryonic stem cell research to a limited number of existing stem cell lines.
四年前，布什总统把用联邦资金赞助的胚胎干细胞研究限制在有限的几项已有的干细胞种类上。
He says through the use of "People power", the campaign hopes to persuade governments they must do more to provide their people with clean, safe water. Currently, he says, no legal instrument exists which can force governments to do this.
利霍塔尔说，希望通过这次运动，以“人民的力量”劝导各国政府为它们的人民提供清洁和安全的用水。他说，目前还没有一部法律文件能够强制要求各国政府这样做。
"I think that the IAEA board of governors sent a very clear message that Iran must cease its pursuit of nuclear weapons, and answer questions, which the board has raised, and suspend its enrichment activity," he said. "We were very pleased by this consensus, by the closing of whatever gaps existed, in terms of tactical approaches, and we should all expect that Iran should follow the obligation and cooperate fully with the IAEA. The clock is ticking down now on Iran towards the next meeting."
亚伯拉罕说：“我认为，国际原子能机构理事会发出了非常明确的信息，那就是伊朗必须停止其寻求核武器的努力，答复理事会提出的问题，还要暂停浓缩铀的活动。我们对理事会取得共识以及大家在策略问题上缩小分歧感到非常高兴。我们都应当要求伊朗履行它的义务，与国际原子能机构进行全面合作。对于伊朗来说，在下次会议开会之前时间已经不多了。”
F25
Schizoaffective disorders
Episodic disorders in which both affective and schizophrenic symptoms are prominent but
which do not justify a diagnosis of either schizophrenia or depressive or manic episodes.
Other conditions in which affective symptoms are superimposed on a pre-existing
schizophrenic illness, or co-exist or alternate with persistent delusional disorders of
other kinds, are classified under F20-F29. Mood-incongruent psychotic symptoms in
affective disorders do not justify a diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder.
分裂情感障碍症
此乃阵发性疾病 ， 在相同的一次疾病中合并出现明
显的情感及精神分裂症状 ， 但均不足以诊断为精神
分裂症、忧郁症或躁症发作。若有情感症状续发於
先前既有之精神分裂症或与持久妄想症同存或交替
出现 ， 则仍分类於 F20-F29 。与情感不一致之精神病性
症状若存在於情感疾病中 ， 亦不能诊断为分裂精神
障碍症。
F63.3
Trichotillomania
A disorder characterized by noticeable hair-loss due to a recurrent failure to resist
impulses to pull out hairs. The hair-pulling is usually preceded by mounting tension and
is followed by a sense of relief or gratification. This diagnosis should not be made if
there is a pre- existing inflammation of the skin, or if the hair-pulling is in response
to a delusion or a hallucination.
Excludes: stereotyped movement disorder with hair-plucking (F98.4)
拔毛症
此诊断之特徵是因无法抗拒拔毛的冲动 ， 而有明显
的失毛现象 ， 通常在发生之前 ， 患者会感受逐渐增
加之压力和紧张 ， 以及事後会有高度的愉悦、满足
及解脱感。若是有皮肤发炎或是有妄想或幻觉所造
成则此诊断不成立。
不包含 ： 重覆动作疾患之拔毛行为 (F98.4)
P70.1
Syndrome of infant of a diabetic mother
Maternal diabetes mellitus (pre-existing) affecting fetus or newborn (with hypoglycaemia)
糖尿病母亲婴儿徵候群
母亲的糖尿病 ( 已存在的 ) 影响胎儿或新生儿 ( 伴有低
血糖症 )
Chapter XVIII 第十八章
SYMPTOMS,SIGNS AND ABNORMAL CLINICAL AND LABORATORY FINDINGS, NOT ELSEWHERE CLASSIFIED
(R00-R99)
症状、候与他处未归类之临床及实验室检查异常所
见 (ROO-R99)
This chapter includes symptoms,signs,abnormal results of
clinical or other investigative procedures,and ill-defined conditions regarding which no
diagnosis classifiable elsewhere is recorded.
本章包含症状、候与其他章节未归类之临床和检查
结果异常 ， 及诊断欠明的病况。
Signs and symptoms that point rather definitely to a given
diagnosis have been assigned to a category in other chapters of the classification. In
general,categories in this chapter include the less well-defined conditions and symptoms
that, without the necessary study of the case to establish a final diagnosis, point
perhaps equally to two or more diseases or to two or more systems of the body. Practically
all categories in the chapter could be designated "not otherwise specified",
"unknown etiology" or "transient " The Alphabetical Index should be
consulted to determine which symptoms and signs are to be allocated here and which to
other chapters. The residual subcategories, numbered .8, are generally provided for other
relevant symptoms that cannot be allocated elsewhere in the classification.
症状与候相当清楚可列入其他章节之疾病诊断时 ，
须列在其他分类章节的范围内。一般来说 ， 列在本
章节的分类 ， 即表明源於诊断未明的病况 ， 含两种
或两种以上多种疾病、多种系统及不需要进一步确
立诊断的病况及候。实际来看 ， 本章的范围可视为
一些其他未明示的、病因欠明或暂时性的症状候 ，
可利用索引来查询症状或候所归类之章节。本章以
(.8) 来代表不易归类之相关症状的其他次分类项。
The conditions and signs or symptoms included in categories
R00-R99 consist of: (a) cases for which no more specific diagnosis can be made even after
all the facts bearing on the case have been investigated;(b) signs or symptoms existing at
the time of initial encounter that proved to be transient and whose causes could not be
determined;(c) provisional diagnoses in a patient who failed to return for further
investigation or care;(d) cases referred elsewhere for investigation or treatment before
the diagnosis was made;(e) cases in which a more precise diagnosis was not available for
any other reason; (f) certain symptoms, for which supplementary information is provided,
that represent important problems in medical care in their own right.
病况、症状及候包含在 ROO 至 R99 类项时 ， 即包含下列
各种情况 (a) 病人检查後 ， 无明示性之诊断 ； (b) 初期
发现且病程短暂及病因无法确认 ； (c) 无法进一步检
查或处理之暂时性诊断 ； (d) 须检查或治疗後才可确
定归类於其他章节的明确诊断 ； (e） 病例无法给予详
细诊断 ； (f) 在重要的医疗问题中症状与候的描述可
给予辅助性的资料时。
Excludes: abnormal findings on antenatal screening of mother
(O28.-)
certain conditions originating in the perinatal period(P00-P96)
不包含 ： 母亲产前检查之异常所见 （O28.-）
源於周产期之病况 （P00-P96）
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