disturb [ dis'tə:b] vt.打扰，扰乱；弄乱
disturb [dis'tə:b] vt. 扰乱;打扰
Let's take cars for example. They not only pollute the air in cities, but make them crowded. Furthermore, they are responsible for a lot of traffic accidents. The noise made by cars disturbs the residents living on both sides of streets all day and night.
就拿汽车为例。汽车不仅污染城市空气，而且使城市拥挤不堪。此外，汽车造成许多交通事故。汽车所产生的噪音使居住在街道两旁的居民日夜不得安宁。
I am not in the least disturbed when people regard my legs intently. I know they are doing so in pursuance of their inherent artistic instinct.
当人们目不转睛地盯着我的双腿时，我丝毫不觉得不安。我明白他们这样做是出于天生的艺术直觉。
Sorry to disturb you, but I want to speak to Mr. John.
对不起，打搅你了，我想跟约翰先生说几句话。
They were rather disturbed by the way the government tried to cover the truth.
他们对于政府掩盖真相的做法感到不安。
George turned over a new leaf and stopped disturbing the class.
乔治己改好了, 不再在课堂上捣乱了。
They took the phone off the hook so no calls would disturb them.
他们摘下电话听筒，以免电话打扰他们。
我希望我没打扰您。
I hope I'm not disturbing you. *disturb“打扰(休息和工作)”。
I hope I'm not keeping you.
Why don't you get off my back?
不要来打扰我，好不好？
= Don't disturb me.
It is disturbing to think that a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside.
想到在宁静的乡村里有一关危险的野兽继续逍遥流窜，真令人担心。
hung over宿醉未醒
Don't disturb him. He's still hung over from last night.
别吵醒他，他宿醉仍未醒。
4． has-been过时的人或物
Lisa is a has-been. No one will hire her any more.
丽莎已经过时了。没人会再雇佣她。
妨碍 incommode; blockage; countercheck; disturb; disturbed; handicap; impede; impediment; arrest
不安的 uncomfortable; disturbed; eerie; eery; intranquil; nervous; precarious; qualmish; restless; chancy
不安 [bù ān] /intranquil/unpeaceful/unstable/uneasy/disturbed/restless/worried/
吵 [chǎo] /to quarrel/to make a noise/noisy/to disturb by making a noise/
打扰 [dǎ rǎo] /disturb/
捣 [dǎo] /pound/beat/hull/attack/disturb/stir/
诖 [guà] /deceive/disturb/
搅 [jiǎo] /to disturb/to annoy/to mix/to stir/
搅扰 [jiǎo rǎo] /to disturb/to annoy/
惊动 [jīng dòng] /alarm/alert/disturb/
嬲 [niǎo] /tease/disturb/
扰 [rǎo] /disturb/
扰乱 [rǎo luàn] /to disturb/to perturb/to harass/
搔 [sāo] /disturb/to scratch/
{adj: agitated} physically disturbed or set in motion
"the agitated mixture foamed and bubbled"
<-> unagitated
{adj: brainsick, crazy, demented, distracted, disturbed, mad, sick, unbalanced, unhinged} affected with madness or insanity
"a man who had gone mad"
{adj: disarranged} having the arrangement disturbed; not in order
"her disarranged hair"
<-> arranged
{adj: discomposed} having your composure disturbed
"looked about with a wandering and discomposed air"
<-> composed
{adj: disquieted, distressed, disturbed, upset, worried} afflicted with or marked by anxious uneasiness or trouble or grief
"too upset to say anything"
"spent many disquieted moments"
"distressed about her son's leaving home"
"lapsed into disturbed sleep"
"worried parents"
"a worried frown"
"one last worried check of the sleeping children"
{adj: distressing, distressful, disturbing, perturbing, troubling, worrisome, worrying} causing distress or worry or anxiety
"distressing (or disturbing) news"
"lived in heroic if something distressful isolation"
"a disturbing amount of crime"
"a revelation that was most perturbing"
"a new and troubling thought"
"in a particularly worrisome predicament"
"a worrying situation"
"a worrying time"
{adj: disturbed, maladjusted} emotionally unstable and having difficulty coping with personal relationships
{adj: disturbed} having the place or position changed
"the disturbed books and papers on her desk"
"disturbed grass showed where the horse had passed"
{adj: drowsy, drowsing, dozy} half asleep
"made drowsy by the long ride"
"it seemed a pity to disturb the drowsing (or dozing) professor"
"a tired dozy child"
"the nodding (or napping) grandmother in her rocking chair"
{adj: harmless, innocuous} unlikely to harm or disturb anyone
"harmless old man"
{adj: haunting} having a deeply disquieting or disturbing effect
"from two handsome and talented young men to two haunting horrors of disintegration"-Charles Lee
{adj: jolted, shaken} disturbed psychologically as if by a physical jolt or shock
"retrieved his named from her jolted memory"
"the accident left her badly shaken"
{adj: light, wakeful} (of sleep) easily disturbed
"in a light doze"
"a light sleeper"
"a restless wakeful night"
{adj: metastable} (of physical systems) continuing in its present state of equilibrium unless sufficiently disturbed to pass to a more stable state of equilibrium
{adj: pathological} caused by or evidencing a mentally disturbed condition
"a pathological liar"
"a pathological urge to succeed"
{adj: peaceful} not disturbed by strife or turmoil or war
"a peaceful nation"
"peaceful times"
"a far from peaceful Christmas"
"peaceful sleep"
<-> unpeaceful
{adj: raucous, rowdy} disturbing the public peace; loud and rough
"a raucous party"
"rowdy teenagers"
{adj: unagitated} not agitated or disturbed emotionally
<-> agitated
{adj: unagitated} not physically disturbed or set in motion
<-> agitated
{adv: disconcertingly} in a disturbing or embarrassing manner
"he drank some sherry, his eyes disconcertingly keen as he watched her"
{adv: disturbingly} in a disturbing manner
"the details of the kidnaper's letter had sounded disturbingly convincing"
{adv: frighteningly, scarily} in an alarming manner
"the disturbing thing about the Minister's behavior is that far from being artificial, it too often rings frighteningly true"
{n: black humor, black humour} the juxtaposition of morbid and farcical elements (in writing or drama) to give a disturbing effect
{n: bombardier beetle} beetle that ejects audibly a pungent vapor when disturbed
{n: clash} a state of conflict between colors
"her dress was a disturbing clash of colors"
{n: dark comedy} a comedy characterized by grim or satiric humor; a comedy having gloomy or disturbing elements
{n: decantation} the act of gently pouring off a clear liquor (as from its original bottle) without disturbing the lees
{n: disturbance} the act of disturbing something or someone; setting something in motion
{n: harassing fire} fire designed to disturb the rest of enemy troops and to curtail movement and to lower enemy morale
{n: hemosiderin, haemosiderin} a granular brown substance composed of ferric oxide; left from the breakdown of hemoglobin; can be a sign of disturbed iron metabolism
{n: hognose snake, puff adder, sand viper} harmless North American snake with upturned nose; may spread its head and neck or play dead when disturbed
{n: honker} a driver who causes his car's horn to make a loud honking sound
"the honker was fined for disturbing the peace"
{n: jumping bristletail, machilid} wingless insect living in dark moist places as under dead tree trunks; they make erratic leaps when disturbed
{n: metastability} the quality of a physical system that persists in its existing equilibrium when undisturbed (or only slightly disturbed) but able to pass to a more stable equilibrium when sufficiently disturbed
{n: noise, interference, disturbance} electrical or acoustic activity that can disturb communication
{n: nuisance} (law) a broad legal concept including anything that disturbs the reasonable use of your property or endangers life and health or is offensive
{n: occupational therapy} physical therapy involving the therapeutic use of crafts and hobbies for the rehabilitation of handicapped or convalescing patients (especially for emotionally disturbed patients)
{n: peace, public security} the general security of public places
"he was arrested for disturbing the peace"
{n: peanut worm, sipunculid} small unsegmented marine worm that when disturbed retracts its anterior portion into the body giving the appearance of a peanut
{n: racket} a loud and disturbing noise
{n: tenor} a settled or prevailing or habitual course of a person's life
"nothing disturbed the even tenor of her ways"
{n: tilter} a device for emptying a cask by tilting it without disturbing the dregs
{n: upset, derangement, overthrow} the act of disturbing the mind or body
"his carelessness could have caused an ecological upset"
"she was unprepared for this sudden overthrow of their normal way of living"
{v: agitate, vex, disturb, commove, shake up, stir up, raise up} change the arrangement or position of
{v: annoy, rag, get to, bother, get at, irritate, rile, nark, nettle, gravel, vex, chafe, devil} cause annoyance in ; disturb, especially by minor irritations
"Mosquitoes buzzing in my ear really bothers me"
"It irritates me that she never closes the door after she leaves"
{v: create} pursue a creative activity ; be engaged in a creative activity
"Don't disturb him--he is creating"
{v: disarrange} disturb the arrangement of
"disarrange the papers"
{v: disturb, upset, trouble} move deeply
"This book upset me"
"A troubling thought"
{v: disturb} damage as if by shaking or jarring
"Don't disturb the patient's wounds by moving him too rapidly!"
{v: faze, unnerve, enervate, unsettle} disturb the composure of
{v: interrupt, disturb} destroy the peace or tranquility of
"Don't interrupt me when I'm reading"
{v: jolt} disturb (someone's) composure
"The audience was jolted by the play"
{v: perturb, unhinge, disquiet, trouble, cark, distract, disorder} disturb in mind or make uneasy or cause to be worried or alarmed
"She was rather perturbed by the news that her father was seriously ill"
{v: perturb} disturb or interfere with the usual path of an electron or atom
"The electrons were perturbed by the passing ion"
{v: riot} take part in a riot ; disturb the public peace by engaging in a riot
"Students were rioting everywhere in 1968"
{v: ruffle, ruffle up, rumple, mess up} disturb the smoothness of
"ruffle the surface of the water"
{v: touch, disturb} tamper with
"Don't touch my CDs!"
{v: upset} disturb the balance or stability of
"The hostile talks upset the peaceful relations between the two countries"
{v: worry, vex} disturb the peace of mind of ; afflict with mental agitation or distress
"I cannot sleep--my daughter's health is worrying me"
<-> reassure
Working with emotionally disturbed children, Sonya Carr of Southeastern Louisiana University and Rebecca Punzo, a New Orleans teacher reported that self-monitoring improves academic performance in reading, mathematics and spelling.
东南路易斯安那大学的索尼亚·卡尔和新奥尔良教师丽贝卡·庞佐在研究过情绪失常儿童后发表报告称，自我监督能改善这些孩子在阅读、数学和拼写方面的学习表现。
He said that men inhibit women's natural responses in what should be a " primaeval act " and that they increase the pressure for an artificial birth--because they find their wives ' pain so disturbing.
他说男士们抑制了女性的那种本应为一种 "原始行为 "的自然反应，他们增添了人工分娩的压力－因为他们觉得妻子的痛苦太令人揪心了。
About a year ago, Inktomi's executives began to hear disturbing reports from Europe and Asia: the Internet had invaded cell phones.
大约一年前， Inktomi 的管理层听到了几件来自欧洲和亚洲的烦心事：互联网已经开始进入手提电话领域。
" you'll see 11-, 12-year-old kids on the street with their cell phones,
你会看到十一、二岁的小孩拿着手机在街上走。
and they 're using their thumbs so fast, you can't see 'em. "
他们的手指不停地在键盘上按来按去，速度之快，你根本看不清他们按了哪些键。
I have seen some disturbing trends: people who always fly first class, for example.
我发现一些让人不安的趋势：例如，有些人坐飞总是坐一等舱。
Ricky is a disturbing presence.
里基的存在在实令人不安。
Drowsiness, dizziness, nausea and unsteadiness can usually be alleviated by adjusting the dosages of the drug, while more severe side effects, such as liver toxicity, blood disorders and disturbed vision, are relatively rare.
通过调节这种药物的用量，瞌睡、头晕脑胀、恶心和摇摆不定等不良反应一般都会减轻，而且很少发生其它更为严重的副作用，比如说肝中毒、血液循环失调和视线模糊等。
Doctors and medical associations are disturbed by the antivaccine sentiment in some communities.
在一些社区，因为有反对接种疫苗的情绪，防碍了医生和医疗组织的工作。
The tranquillity of the clear blue summer sky above the Pacific is disturbed by a single shimmering streak.
太平洋上夏日的天空，晴朗宁静。突然，一条光带划破了这份宁静。
The question, central to the scientific investigation but intensely disturbing in the mathematical context—what happens if the axioms are relaxed?—is thereby ignored.
那个对于科学调研至关重要但在数学背景中令人极为不安的问题——倘若这些公理并不严密的话将会发生怎样的后果？——因而就被回避忽略了。
.6
Amnesic syndrome
A syndrome associated with chronic prominent impairment of recent and remote memory.
Immediate recall is usually preserved and recent memory is characteristically more
disturbed than remote memory. Disturbances of time sense and ordering of events are
usually evident, as are difficulties in learning new material. Confabulation may be marked
but is not invariably present. Other cognitive functions are usually relatively well
preserved and amnesic defects are out of proportion to other disturbances.
Amnesic disorder, alcohol- or drug-induced
Korsakov's psychosis or syndrome, alcohol- or other psychoactive substance-induced or
unspecified
Excludes: nonalcoholic Korsakov's psychosis or syndrome (F04)
失忆徵候群
此徵候群为近程或远程记忆出现明显的慢性衰退 ，
但立即回忆仍能保持完整 ， 近程记忆均比远程记忆
之障碍为明显。时间感及安排事物的次序性常有显
着的障碍 ， 学习新的事物也会感到十分困难。虚谈
现象可能很明显 ， 但却不一定都会出现。其他认知
功能有时尚能保存的不错 ， 惟记忆缺失的症状比其
他障碍严重的多。
失忆徵候群 ， 酒精或其他精神作用物质所引起。
柯沙科夫 (Korsakov) 精神病症或徵候群 ， 酒精或其他精神
作用物质所起或未明示的
不包含 ： 非酒精性科沙科夫精神病症或徵候群 （F04）
F31
Bipolar affective disorder
A disorder characterized by two or more episodes in which the patient's mood and activity
levels are significantly disturbed, this disturbance consisting on some occasions of an
elevation of mood and increased energy and activity (hypomania or mania) and on others of
a lowering of mood and decreased energy and activity (depression). Repeated episodes of
hypomania or mania only are classified as bipolar (F31.8).
Includes: manic-depressive:
. illness
. psychosis
. reaction
Excludes: bipolar disorder, single manic episode (F30.-)
cyclothymia (F34.0)
双相 （ 极 ） 性情感障碍
疾病的特徵是二次或更多次的发作 ， 病人的情绪 ，
活动量有显着障碍 ， 包含一些情绪高昂 ， 活动量与
活力增加的发作 （ 躁症或轻躁症 ） 及一些情感低沈
， 活动量与活力降低 （ 忧郁症 ） 的发作。只有重覆
轻躁症或躁症发作应分类为双相 （ 极 ） 性情感症
(F31.8) 之一种。
包含 ： 躁郁 ：
． 疾病
． 精神病
． 反应
不包含 ： 双相性情感障碍症 ， 单躁症发作 (bipolar disorder
, single manic episode (F30.-)
循环情感障碍症 (cyclothymia F34.0)
F32
Depressive episode
In typical mild, moderate, or severe depressive episodes, the patient suffers from
lowering of mood, reduction of energy, and decrease in activity. Capacity for enjoyment,
interest, and concentration is reduced, and marked tiredness after even minimum effort is
common. Sleep is usually disturbed and appetite diminished. Self-esteem and self-
confidence are almost always reduced and, even in the mild form, some ideas of guilt or
worthlessness are often present. The lowered mood varies little from day to day, is
unresponsive to circumstances and may be accompanied by so-called "somatic"
symptoms, such as loss of interest and pleasurable feelings, waking in the morning several
hours before the usual time, depression worst in the morning, marked psychomotor
retardation, agitation, loss of appetite, weight loss, and loss of libido. Depending upon
the number and severity of the symptoms, a depressive episode may be specified as mild,
moderate or severe.
Includes: single episodes of:
. depressive reaction
. psychogenic depression
. reactive depression
Excludes: adjustment disorder (F43.2)
recurrent depressive disorder (F33.-)
when associated with conduct disorders in F91.- (F92.0)
郁症发作
典型的轻度 (F32.0) 、中度 (F32.1) 或重度 (F32.2及.3) 忧郁症发
作 ， 患者通常有忧郁情绪 ， 体力下降 ， 活动降低。
快乐感、兴趣、注意力均减低 ， 只稍微做事後即有
明显的疲倦是常见的。睡眠障碍 ， 食欲减低 ， 自我
评价与自信减低 ， 有罪恶感与无用感的意念 （ 甚至
在轻度忧郁发作时亦存在 ） 。每一天的情绪持续低
潮 ， 变化不大 ， 对生活情境常无反应。
上述症状中的一些项目可能很显着 ， 且展现特异之
表徵 ， 此特异表徵被普遍地认为有特殊临床意义。
最典型的例子是所谓的 ＂ 常伴有身体性 (somatic) 症状 ″
， 如失去兴趣或快乐感 ， 较平日睡醒时间更早数小
时睡醒 ， 一天之中早上更加忧郁 ， 精神运动迟滞或
激动 ， 丧失食欲 ， 体重减轻 ， 丧失性欲。由上述症
状数目与严重度 ， 可以区分为轻度 (F32.0) 、中度 （F32.1)
及重度 (F32.3及.3) 忧郁发作。
包含 ： 单一次发作 ：
． 忧郁反应
． 心因性忧郁
． 反应性忧郁
不包含 ： 适应障碍症 （F43.2)
复发性郁症 （F33.-）
伴有 F91.- 之行为障碍症 (F92.0)
F44
Dissociative [conversion] disorders
The common themes that are shared by dissociative or conversion disorders are a partial or
complete loss of the normal integration between memories of the past, awareness of
identity and immediate sensations, and control of bodily movements. All types of
dissociative disorders tend to remit after a few weeks or months, particularly if their
onset is associated with a traumatic life event. More chronic disorders, particularly
paralyses and anaesthesias, may develop if the onset is associated with insoluble problems
or interpersonal difficulties. These disorders have previously been classified as various
types of "conversion hysteria". They are presumed to be psychogenic in origin,
being associated closely in time with traumatic events, insoluble and intolerable
problems, or disturbed relationships. The symptoms often represent the patient's concept
of how a physical illness would be manifest. Medical examination and investigation do not
reveal the presence of any known physical or neurological disorder. In addition, there is
evidence that the loss of function is an expression of emotional conflicts or needs. The
symptoms may develop in close relationship to psychological stress, and often appear
suddenly. Only disorders of physical functions normally under voluntary control and loss
of sensations are included here. Disorders involving pain and other complex physical
sensations mediated by the autonomic nervous system are classified under somatization
disorder (F45.0). The possibility of the later appearance of serious physical or
psychiatric disorders should always be kept in mind.
Includes: conversion:
. hysteria
. reaction
hysteria
hysterical psychosis
Excludes: malingering [conscious simulation] (Z76.5)
解离 （ 转化 ） 症
关於解离或转化症 ， 最常讨论到的主题是过去记忆
、个人认同、立即感觉和身体动作控制间的正常统
合功能之部份性或完全性的丧失。所有解离状态都
倾向於数周或数月内恢复 ， 特别是那些在发生时和
创伤性生活事件有密切关连者。较慢性的状态 ， 尤
其是运动瘫痪和知觉麻痹也可能因无解的难题或人
际关系困难而发生。这些疾病过去被分类为不同种
类的 " 转化型歇斯底里症 " ， 这里所描述的解离
症 ， 认为是 ＂ 心因性 ″ 的 ， 和所受冲击的事件、无
法解决或无法忍受的难题、或破裂的人际关系 ， 在
时间上有紧密连接的关系。症状的表现代表患者观
念中所相信疾病应有之表现。医学检查未能发现任
何身体或神经学之疾病。此外 ， 有证据可以说明 ，
身体功能之丧失是情绪冲突或需求之表现。此类症
状之发生与心理压力紧密相关 ， 且常常突然发生。
此处所指身体功能之症状 ， 只包含随处控制者与感
觉功能之丧失。痛感与自律神经相关之复杂感觉 ，
则归类於身体化症 （F45.0） 。在诊断时 ， 一直要注意
， 此病情中有可能会出现严重的身体或精神疾病。
包含 ：
． 转化型歇斯底里症
． 转化反应
歇斯底里症
歇斯底里性精神病症。
不包含 ： 诈病 （ 意识操作 ） （Z76.5） 。
F48.0
Neurasthenia
Considerable cultural variations occur in the presentation of this disorder, and two main
types occur, with substantial overlap. In one type, the main feature is a complaint of
increased fatigue after mental effort, often associated with some decrease in occupational
performance or coping efficiency in daily tasks. The mental fatiguability is typically
described as an unpleasant intrusion of distracting associations or recollections,
difficulty in concentrating, and generally inefficient thinking. In the other type, the
emphasis is on feelings of bodily or physical weakness and exhaustion after only minimal
effort, accompanied by a feeling of muscular aches and pains and inability to relax. In
both types a variety of other unpleasant physical feelings is common, such as dizziness,
tension headaches, and feelings of general instability. Worry about decreasing mental and
bodily well-being, irritability, anhedonia, and varying minor degrees of both depression
and anxiety are all common. Sleep is often disturbed in its initial and middle phases but
hypersomnia may also be prominent.
Fatigue syndrome
Use additional code, if desired, to identify previous physical illness.
Excludes: asthenia NOS (R53)
burn-out (Z73.0)
malaise and fatigue (R53)
postviral fatigue syndrome (G93.3)
psychasthenia (F48.8)
神经衰弱症
此疾患之出现有相当不同的文化背景因素 ， 而可见
两类 ， 但重叠性高。第一类之主要表现在精神活动
之後抱怨的疲惫感 ， 常伴随工作表现或每天日常生
活效率的减低。典型的精神疲惫状况可以时常以侵
入不愉快且不相关的联想、集中注意力困难及完全
无效率的思考等来描述。第二类即强调在稍微活动
之後 ， 发生身体衰弱及耗竭感 ， 伴随肌肉疼痛及无
法放松。这两类病况常会伴随出现其他各种身体不
舒服的感觉 ， 如头晕、紧张性头痛及全身违和的感
觉。担忧心身健康会持续下降、易怒、快乐感缺失
、及轻微程度的焦虑与忧郁等都是常见的。睡眠的
初期及中期常出障碍 ， 但可能也有过度睡眠的情况
。
疲倦徵候群
若先前有其他身体疾病 ， 可以加以标示。
不包含 ： 无力 ， 其他未明示者 （R53）
过劳 （Z73.0）
疲惫 （R53）
病毒感染後疲惫徵候群 （G93.3）
精神衰弱症 （F48.8）
F80
Specific developmental disorders of speech and language
Disorders in which normal patterns of language acquisition are disturbed from the early
stages of development. The conditions are not directly attributable to neurological or
speech mechanism abnormalities, sensory impairments, mental retardation, or environmental
factors. Specific developmental disorders of speech and language are often followed by
associated problems, such as difficulties in reading and spelling, abnor malities in
interpersonal relationships, and emotional and behavioural disorders .
特定语言发展障碍症
此类障碍症自早年发展阶段开始其正常语言能力的
获得即有缺损。这种情况并非直接归因於神经功能
或语言机转异常、感觉缺损、智能不足或环境因素
。患有特定语言发展障碍症的儿童 ， 语言发展迟滞
常伴随有阅读及拼音困难、人际关系异常、及情绪
与行为障碍。
F81
Specific developmental disorders of scholastic skills
Disorders in which the normal patterns of skill acquisition are disturbed from the early
stages of development. This is not simply a consequence of a lack of opportunity to learn,
it is not solely a result of mental retardation, and it is not due to any form of acquired
brain trauma or disease .
特定学业技巧发展障碍症
这类障碍症在早期发展中正常学业技巧的学习有障
碍 ； 而此障碍并非单纯是由於缺乏学习机会的後果
； 亦非由於後天性脑外伤或脑疾病所导致。
F91.0
Conduct disorder confined to the family context
Conduct disorder involving dissocial or aggressive behaviour (and not merely oppositional,
defiant, disruptive behaviour), in which the abnormal behaviour is entirely, or almost
entirely, confined to the home and to interactions with members of the nuclear family or
immediate household. The disorder requires that the overall criteria for F91.-be met; even
severely disturbed parent-child relationships are not of themselves sufficient for
diagnosis.
局限於家庭之行为规范障碍症
这一类行为规范障碍症包含反社会化或攻击行为 （
并非只是反抗 ， 叛逆 ， 干扰性行为 ） ， 这些异常行
为完全或几乎完全局限於家庭及 ／ 或与核心家庭成
员的互动上 ， 而且要完全符合 F 9 1 的诊断条件。即使
是很严重的亲子关系障碍也不能当作这个诊断的充
分条件。
F98.5
Stuttering [stammering]
Speech that is characterized hy frequent repetition or prolongation of sounds or syllables
or words, or by frequent hesitations or pauses that disrupt the rhythmic flow of speech.
It should be classified as a disorder only if its severity is such as to markedly disturb
the fluency of speech.
Excludes: tic disorders (F95.-)
cluttering (F98.6)
口吃症
说话时经常重覆或拉长声音 ， 音节或字词 ； 或时而
经常犹豫或停顿 ， 以至於使说话的流畅受阻的现象
。只有在其严重度足以很明显地损害到语言的流利
时才能归类为障碍症。
不包含 ： 抽搐症 (F95.-)
语言混杂失调症 (F98.6)
Z63.7
Other stressful life events affecting family and household
Anxiety (normal) about sick person in family
Health problems within family
Ill or disturbed family member
Isolated family
其他影响家庭和居住在一起的人的生活压力事件
家庭中病人所引发正常的焦虑
家庭中的健康问题
生病或被扰乱的家庭成员
与外界隔离的家庭
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