determine [ di'tə:min] vt.决定；查明；决心
determine [di'tə:min] vt. 决定,决心
determine [di'tə:min] 确定
破釜沉舟 cut off all means of retreat； burn one‘s own way of retreat and be determined to fight to the end
Recommended Practice for Determining Smoke Generation of Solid Materials
固体燃料发烟情况研究测试方法标准
Standard Method of Test for Determining Resistance of Mock-Up Upholstered Furniture Material Assemblies to Ignition by Smoldering Cigarettes
通过阴燃鉴定家具材料耐香烟着火性的标准测试方法
Standard Test Method for Determining Ignitibility of Exterior Wall Assemblies Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source
运用辐射热能源的内部墙防燃性的标准测试方法
Standard Method of Test for Determining the Degrees of Combustibility of Building Materials
鉴定建筑材料可燃度的标准测试方法
破釜沉舟
cut off all means of retreat；
burn one‘s own way of retreat and be determined to fight to the end
定向招生 students are admitted to be trained for pre-determined employers
determine by a majority of votes 以多数票表决
People differ in their attitudes towards failure. Faced with it, some of them can stand up to it, draw useful lessons from it and try hard to fulfill what they are determined to do. Others, however, lose heart and give in.
人们对失败持有不同的态度。面对失败，有人能够经得起考验，从失败中汲取教训，并努力去完成他们下定决心要做的事情。然而，另一些人却丧失信心并退却了。
The surest way not to fail is to determine to succeed.
不致失败的最可靠方法是决心成功。
Both sides are determined to get what they want, and there seems to be no possibility of compromise.
双方都决心要得到各自所要求的东西，似乎没有妥协的可能性。
They were determined to crush the enemies of their country.
他们决心击败与祖国为敌的人。
I'm determined to leave.
我决意要走了。
I determined that nothing should be changed.我决定什么都不改变。
Computer technology enabled the researchers to obtain precise measurements of the volume of the front and side sections of the brain, which relate to intellect （智能）and emotion, and determine the human character.
计算机技术帮助研究人员获得人脑前部和侧部的准确体积，这是与人的智能和情绪有关的部分，而且也决定人的性格特点。
According to this theory, it is not the quality of the sensory nerve impulses that determines the diverse conscious sensations they produce, but rather the different areas of the brain into which they discharge , and there is some evidence for this view.
根据这一理论，不是由感觉神经脉冲的质量来决定他们产生的各种神经感觉的，而是由他们被发射到大脑的哪一部位来决定的，对这一观点是有证据的。
He determined to form a club.
他决心成立一个俱乐部。
A wanderer who is determined to reach his destination does not fear the rain.
决心赶到目的地，浪汉何惧雨来淋。
Our deeds determine us, much as we determine our deeds.
George Eliot, British Novelist
什么样的人便决定了干什么样的事；同样，干什么样的事也决定了是什么样的人。
英国小说家艾略特. G .
Be determined to 坚决，决心做。。。
racket 非法行业，挂羊头卖狗肉
The police are determined to break up the racket.
警方决定打击这个非法行业。
be determined to (do) 决心(做)
- be at large 逍遥法外（也可以形容动物不受约束）
The murderer was still at large. The victim's parents was determined to find enough evidence to sue him to court.
If the benefits provided under a certain policy have a dollar limitation for each service, you should determine whether these limitations are realistic.
如果某一家保险公司的健康保险对每种服务定有赔偿限额，你应断定这些限额是否合乎实际。
测定 determine; mensuration
定 [dìng] /to set/to fix/to determine/to decide/to order/
定点 [dìng diǎn] /fixed point or location/point of reference/(math.) fixed point/to determine a location/
定性 [dìng xìng] /(v) establish the chemical makeup of a compound/(v) determine the nature of a criminal/
坚决 [jiān jué] /firm/resolute/determined/
决 [jué] /breach (a dyke)/to decide/to determine/
决定 [jué dìng] /to decide (to do something)/to determine/to resolve/
决心 [jué xīn] /determination/resolution/determined/firm and resolute/to make up one's mind/
判断 [pàn duàn] /to decide/to determine/
确定 [què dìng] /definite/certain/fixed/to fix/to determine/be sure/
所有制 [suǒ yǒu zhì] /(n) system that determines who owns the means of production; system of ownership/
下决心 [xià jué xīn] /determine/resolve/
有决心 [yǒu jué xīn] /determined/
原定 [yuán dìng] /originally planned/originally determined/
在乎 [zài hu ] /(v) be determined by/(v) care about; mind/
执意 [zhí yì] /be determined to/insist on/
骘 [zhì] /determine/promote/stallion/
It's theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail.
这种理论得到了多数经济学家的认同，但在实际操作中，它使铁路公司获得了一个决定谁败谁荣的权利。
It is not possible to determine whether both continents are moving in opposite directions or whether one continent is stationary and the other is drifting away from it. Hot spots, anchored in the deeper layers of the earth, provide the measuring instruments needed to resolve the question.
人们不能确定两个大陆是在朝相反的方向运动，还是一个大陆停止不动而另一个从它身边漂移开去。位于地球更深层的热点提供了解决该问题的测量仪器。
By contrast, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since by definition it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way.
相比之下，对成长过程的测定就难多了，因为从定义上讲，它是一次旅行，不是沿途上的某个路标或界标。
Where to turn for expert information and how to determine which expert advice to accept are questions facing many people today.
去哪儿寻找专家信息，如何确定接受哪条专家建议成了当今许多人面临的问题。
The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.
从根本上说，美国经济体制是围绕私有企业、在以市场为导向的经济基础上建立起来的。在这种体制下需要生产什么在很大程度上是消费者通过到市场花钱购买他们最需要的商品和服务来决定的。
Private businessmen, striving to make profits, produce these goods and services other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely in competition with determines how these goods and services are produced.
为了获取利润，私有企业主在与他人竞争中生产这些产品，提供这些服务。在竞争的压力下追求利润的动机以及如何运作在很大程度上决定生产商品和提供服务的方式。
Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.
因此，在美国经济体制中，消费者个人的需求，加上商人获取最大利润的追求及消费者想最大限度提高购买力的愿望三者共同决定应该生产什么和如何利用资源来生产这些产品。
In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.
在美国经济中，私有财产的概念不仅包括生产资料的所有权，也包括一定的权利，比如，产品价格的决定权或与其他私有个体的自由签约权。
"First, we need to understand how the normal cell controls itself. Second, we have to determine whether there are a limited number of genes in cells which are always responsible for at least part of the trouble. If we can understand how cancer works, we can counteract its action."
“首先，我们需要了解正常细胞如何控制自己。其次，我们必须查明细胞中是否有一定数量的基因对至少部分麻烦总是负有责任。如果我们能弄清癌症的活动规律，我们就能采取相应的措施。”
{adj: ascertained, discovered, observed} discovered or determined by scientific observation
"variation in the ascertained flux depends on a number of factors"
"the discovered behavior norms"
"discovered differences in achievement"
"no explanation for the observed phenomena"
{adj: capricious, impulsive, whimsical} determined by chance or impulse or whim rather than by necessity or reason
"a capricious refusal"
"authoritarian rulers are frequently capricious"
"the victim of whimsical persecutions"
{adj: circumscribed, delimited} showing or determining a boundary
"it is impossible to specify a clearly circumscribed (or delimited) area for any particular science"
{adj: compulsive, determined, driven} strongly motivated to succeed
{adj: contextual} relating to or determined by or in context
"contextual information"
{adj: contingent, contingent on, dependent on, dependant on, depending on} determined by conditions or circumstances not yet established
"arms sales contingent on the approval of congress"
{adj: controlling} able to control or determine policy
"a controlling interest in the firm"
{adj: cost-plus} determining payment based on the actual cost of production plus an agreed-upon fee or rate of profit
"a cost-plus government contract"
{adj: crucial, deciding, determinant, determinative, determining} having the power or quality of deciding
"the crucial experiment"
"cast the deciding vote"
"the determinative (or determinant) battle"
{adj: decisive} determining or having the power to determine an outcome
"cast the decisive vote"
"two factors had a decisive influence"
<-> indecisive
{adj: desperate, do-or-die} desperately determined
"do-or-die revolutionaries"
"a do-or-die conflict"
{adj: determinable} capable of being determined or limited or fixed
"determinable velocities"
"matters determinable by law"
<-> indeterminable
{adj: determinate} precisely determined or limited or defined; especially fixed by rule or by a specific and constant cause
"a determinate distance"
"a determinate number"
"determinate variations in animals"
<-> indeterminate
{adj: determined, dictated, set} determined or decided upon as by an authority
"date and place are already determined"
"the dictated terms of surrender"
"the time set for the launching"
{adj: determined} characterized by great determination
"a struggle against a determined enemy"
{adj: determined} devoting full strength and concentrated attention to
"made continued and determined efforts to find and destroy enemy headquarters"
{adj: determined} having been learned or found or determined especially by investigation
<-> undetermined
{adj: dimensioning} indicating or determining size and position in space
"the ultrasonic dimensioning measurement"
"an ultrasonic dimensioning arrangement of the heart"
{adj: dispensed} distributed or weighted out in carefully determined portions
"medicines dispensed to the sick"
{adj: doomed, fated} (usually followed by `to') determined by tragic fate
"doomed to unhappiness"
"fated to be the scene of Kennedy's assassination"
{adj: emotional} determined or actuated by emotion rather than reason
"it was an emotional judgment"
<-> cerebral
{adj: geodetic, geodesic, geodesical} of or relating to or determined by geodesy
{adj: geographic, geographical} determined by geography
"the north and south geographic poles"
<-> magnetic
{adj: geometric, geometrical} of or relating to or determined by geometry
{adj: heliacal, heliac} pertaining to or near the sun; especially the first rising of a star after and last setting before its invisibility owing to its conjunction with the sun
"the heliacal rising of the Dog Star"
"the heliacal or Sothic year is determined by the heliacal rising of Sothis (the Egyptian name for the Dog Star)"
{adj: hell-bent} recklessly determined
"hell-bent on winning"
{adj: indecipherable} impossible to determine the meaning of
"an indecipherable message"
{adj: indeterminate, undetermined} not precisely determined or established; not fixed or known in advance
"of indeterminate age"
"a zillion is a large indeterminate number"
"an indeterminate point of law"
"the influence of environment is indeterminate"
"an indeterminate future"
<-> determinate
{adj: indeterminate} not capable of being determined
"the indeterminate number of plant species in the jungle"
{adj: irregular} (of solids) not having clear dimensions that can be measured; volume must be determined with the principle of liquid displacement
<-> regular
{adj: isolating} relating to or being a language in which each word typically expresses a distinct idea and part of speech and syntactical relations are determined almost exclusively by word order and particles
{adj: last, utmost} highest in extent or degree
"to the last measure of human endurance"
"whether they were accomplices in the last degree or a lesser one was...to be determined individually"
{adj: magnetic} determined by earth's magnetic fields
"magnetic north"
"the needle of a magnetic compass points to the magnetic north pole"
<-> geographic
{adj: measured} determined by measurement
"the measured distance was less than a mile"
<-> unmeasured
{adj: necessary} unavoidably determined by prior circumstances
"the necessary consequences of one's actions"
{adj: notional, speculative} not based on fact or investigation
"a notional figure of cost helps in determining production costs"
"speculative knowledge"
{adj: one-party} determined by a single party
{adj: orienting, orientating} positioning with respect to a reference system or determining your bearings physically or intellectually
"noticed the bee's momentary orienting pause before heading back to the hive"
"an orienting program for new employees"
<-> disorienting
{adj: polygenic} of or relating to an inheritable character that is controlled by several genes at once; of or related to or determined by polygenes
{adj: positional} of or relating to or determined by position
{adj: postmortem, postmortal} occurring or done after death
"postmortem changes"
"a postmortem examination to determine cause of death"
"postmortal wounds"
<-> antemortem
{adj: postmortem} after death or after an event
"a postmortem examination to determine the cause of death"
"the postmortem discussion of the President's TV address"
{adj: psychological} of or relating to or determined by psychology
"psychological theories"
{adj: pugnacious, rough} ready and able to resort to force or violence
"pugnacious spirits...lamented that there was so little prospect of an exhilarating disturbance"- Herman Melville
"they were rough and determined fighting men"
{adj: qualitative} involving distinctions based on qualities
"qualitative change"
"qualitative data"
"qualitative analysis determines the chemical constituents of a substance or mixture"
<-> quantitative
{adj: quantitative} expressible as a quantity or relating to or susceptible of measurement
"export wheat without quantitative limitations"
"quantitative analysis determines the amounts and proportions of the chemical constituents of a substance or mixture"
<-> qualitative
{adj: regular} (of solids) having clear dimensions that can be measured; volume can be determined with a suitable geometric formula
<-> irregular
{adj: responsible, responsible for} being the agent or cause
"determined who was the responsible party"
"termites were responsible for the damage"
{adj: sealed} determined irrevocably
"his fate is sealed"
{adj: sex-linked} concerning characteristics that are determined by genes carried on the sex chromosomes (on the X chromosome in particular)
{adj: sidereal} (of divisions of time) determined by daily motion of the stars
"sidereal time"
<-> civil
{adj: single-minded, resolved} determined
"she was firmly resolved to be a doctor"
"single-minded in his determination to stop smoking"
{adj: sociological} of or relating to or determined by sociology
"sociological studies"
{adj: strong-minded, strong-willed} having a determined will
{adj: synthetic, synthetical} of a proposition whose truth value is determined by observation or facts
"`all men are arrogant' is a synthetic proposition"
<-> analytic
{adj: true} determined with reference to the earth's axis rather than the magnetic poles
"true north is geographic north"
{adj: unconditional} not contingent; not determined or influenced by someone or something else
{adj: undefined, vague} not precisely limited, determined, or distinguished
"an undefined term"
"undefined authority"
"some undefined sense of excitement"
"vague feelings of sadness"
"a vague uneasiness"
<-> defined
{adj: undetermined} not yet having been ascertained or determined
"of undetermined species"
<-> determined
{adj: unnatural} not in accordance with or determined by nature; contrary to nature
"an unnatural death"
"the child's unnatural interest in death"
<-> natural
{adj: unsoundable} too deep to determine the depth of
{adj: up in the air} not yet determined
"plans are still up in the air"
{adj: windblown} used especially of trees; growing in a shape determined by the prevailing winds
{adv: algebraically} in an algebraic manner
"algebraically determined"
{adv: determinedly, unfalteringly, unshakably, with determination} in a determined manner
"he clung to the past determinedly"
{adv: experimentally, by experimentation, through an experiment} in an experimental fashion
"this can be experimentally determined"
{adv: governmentally} by government
"governmentally determined policy"
{adv: legislatively} by legislation
"legislatively determined"
{adv: pluckily} in a plucky manner
"he was Brentford's defensive star in pluckily holding out the determined Reading raids for long periods"
{adv: powerfully, strongly} in a powerful manner
"the federal government replaced the powerfully pro-settler Sir Godfrey Huggins with the even tougher and more determined ex-trade unionist"
{adv: providentially} in a providential manner; as determined by providence
"his providentially destined role"
{adv: topographically} with regard to topography
"the geological environment is the primary factor in determining the character of a country not only topographically but historically"
{adv: uniquely, unambiguously} so as to be unique
"he could determine uniquely the properties of the compound"
{n: Berzelius, Jons Jakob Berzelius} Swedish chemist who discovered three new elements and determined the atomic weights of many others (1779-1848)
{n: Decuma} the Fate who determines the length of the thread of life; counterpart of Greek Lachesis
{n: Dick test} a skin test to determine your susceptibility to scarlet fever
{n: Foucault, Jean Bernard Leon Foucault} French physicist who determined the speed of light and showed that it travels slower in water than in air; invented the Foucault pendulum and the gyroscope (1819-1868)
{n: Global Positioning System, GPS} a navigational system involving satellites and computers that can determine the latitude and longitude of a receiver on Earth by computing the time difference for signals from different satellites to reach the receiver
{n: Hero, Heron, Hero of Alexandria} Greek mathematician and inventor who devised a way to determine the area of a triangle and who described various mechanical devices (first century)
{n: Lachesis} the Fate who determines the length of the thread of life; identified with Roman Decuma
{n: Marxism} the economic and political theories of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels that hold that human actions and institutions are economically determined and that class struggle is needed to create historical change and that capitalism will ultimately be superseded by communism
{n: Mohs scale} a scale of hardness of solids; talc is 0 and diamond is 10; ordering is determined by which substance can scratch another substance
{n: Queckenstedt's test} a test to determine whether there is a blockage of the spinal canal
{n: Rubin test} test to determine the patency or occlusion of the Fallopian tubes
{n: Sanger, Frederick Sanger, Fred Sanger} English biochemist who determined the sequence of amino acids in insulin and who invented a technique to determine the genetic sequence of an organism (born in 1918)
{n: Thomson, Joseph John Thomson, Sir Joseph John Thomson} English physicist who experimented with the conduction of electricity through gases and who discovered the electron and determined its charge and mass (1856-1940)
{n: Urim and Thummim} lots thrown to determine God's answers to yes-no questions
{n: World Cup} a soccer tournament held every four years between national soccer teams to determine a world champion
{n: absorptivity, absorption factor} (physics) the property of a body that determines the fraction of the incident radiation or sound flux absorbed or absorbable by the body
{n: acceptance sampling} a statistical procedure for accepting or rejecting a batch of merchandise or documents; involves determining the maximum number of defects discovered in a sample before the entire batch is rejected
{n: accounting principle, accounting standard} a principle that governs current accounting practice and that is used as a reference to determine the appropriate treatment of complex transactions
{n: alloy steel} steel who characteristics are determined by the addition of other elements in addition to carbon
{n: alternative pleading, pleading in the alternative} a pleading that alleges facts so separate that it is difficult to determine which facts the person intends to rely on
{n: ambiguity} an expression whose meaning cannot be determined from its context
{n: analysis of variance, ANOVA} a statistical method for making simultaneous comparisons between two or more means; a statistical method that yields values that can be tested to determine whether a significant relation exists between variables
{n: anaphor} a word (such as a pronoun) used to avoid repetition; the referent of an anaphor is determined by its antecedent
{n: appraiser, authenticator} one who determines authenticity (as of works of art) or who guarantees validity
{n: area of cardiac dullness} a triangular area of the front of the chest (determined by percussion); corresponds to the part of the heart not covered by the lungs
{n: argument} a variable in a logical or mathematical expression whose value determines the dependent variable; if f(x)=y, x is the independent variable
{n: armillary sphere, armilla} a celestial globe consisting of metal hoops; used by early astronomers to determine the positions of stars
{n: assay} a quantitative or qualitative test of a substance (especially an ore or a drug) to determine its components; frequently used to test for the presence or concentration of infectious agents or antibodies etc.
{n: assessment} an amount determined as payable
"the assessment for repairs outraged the club's membership"
{n: autopsy, necropsy, postmortem, post-mortem, PM, postmortem examination, post-mortem examination} an examination and dissection of a dead body to determine cause of death or the changes produced by disease
{n: ballottement} a palpatory technique for feeling a floating object in the body (especially for determining the position of a fetus by feeling the rebound of the fetus after a quick digital tap on the wall of the uterus)
{n: bar examination, bar exam} an examination conducted at regular intervals to determine whether a candidate is qualified to practice law in a given jurisdiction
"applicants may qualify to take the New York bar examination by graduating from an approved law school"
"he passed the bar exam on his third try"
{n: bibliotics} the scientific study of documents and handwriting etc. especially to determine authorship or authenticity
{n: biogeographical region} an area of the Earth determined by distribution of flora and fauna
{n: biopsy} examination of tissues or liquids from the living body to determine the existence or cause of a disease
{n: bitter end} the final extremity (however unpleasant it may be)
"he was determined to fight to the bitter end"
{n: black-body radiation, blackbody radiation} the electromagnetic radiation that would be radiated from an ideal black body; the distribution of energy in the radiated spectrum of a black body depends only on temperature and is determined by Planck's radiation law
{n: blood typing} determining a person's blood type by serological methods
{n: boundary, edge, bound} a line determining the limits of an area
{n: calculation, computation, computing} the procedure of calculating; determining something by mathematical or logical methods
{n: calorimeter} a measuring instrument that determines quantities of heat
{n: candy thermometer} a thermometer used to determine the temperature of candy syrups during cooking
{n: carbon steel} steel whose characteristics are determined by the amount of carbon it contains
{n: case study} a careful study of some social unit (as a corporation or division within a corporation) that attempts to determine what factors led to its success or failure
{n: caste system} a social structure in which classes are determined by heredity
{n: categorical imperative} the moral principle that behavior should be determined by duty
{n: cause} events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something
"they are trying to determine the cause of the crash"
{n: character, fiber, fibre} the inherent complex of attributes that determine a persons moral and ethical actions and reactions
"education has for its object the formation of character"- Herbert Spencer
{n: character} (genetics) an attribute (structural or functional) that is determined by a gene or group of genes
{n: charge unit, quantity unit} a measure of the quantity of electricity (determined by the amount of an electric current and the time for which it flows)
{n: chemical process, chemical change, chemical action} (chemistry) any process determined by the atomic and molecular composition and structure of the substances involved
{n: city planning, town planning, urban planning} determining and drawing up plans for the future physical arrangement and condition of a community
{n: client-centered therapy} a method of psychotherapy developed by Carl Rogers in which the client determines the focus and pace of each session
{n: clincher, determiner, determining factor} an argument that is conclusive
{n: color scheme, colour scheme} a planned combination of colors
"the color scheme for this room was determined by an interior decorator"
{n: color, colour} (physics) the characteristic of quarks that determines their role in the strong interaction; each flavor of quarks comes in three colors
{n: colorimeter, tintometer} a measuring instrument used in colorimetric analysis to determine the quantity of a substance from the color it yields with specific reagents
{n: competence hearing} a hearing to determine legal capacity (to determine whether the defendant can understand the charges and cooperate with a lawyer in preparing a defense)
{n: complement fixation test} a blood test in which a sample of serum is exposed to a particular antigen and complement in order to determine whether or not antibodies to that particular antigen are present; used as a diagnostic test
{n: complexion} (obsolete) a combination of elements (of dryness and warmth or of the four humors) that was once believed to determine a person's health and temperament
{n: concurrence, coincidence, conjunction, co-occurrence} the temporal property of two things happening at the same time
"the interval determining the coincidence gate is adjustable"
{n: context, linguistic context, context of use} discourse that surrounds a language unit and helps to determine its interpretation
{n: contour feather} feathers covering the body of an adult bird and determining its shape
{n: control} power to direct or determine
"under control"
{n: crystal oscillator, quartz oscillator} an oscillator that produces electrical oscillations at a frequency determined by the physical characteristics of a piezoelectric quartz crystal
{n: custody case} a legal action to determine custody (usually of children following a divorce)
{n: dasymeter} densimeter consisting of a thin glass globe that is weighed in a gas to determine its density
{n: densimeter, densitometer} a measuring instrument for determining density or specific gravity
{n: densitometer} a measuring instrument for determining optical or photographic density
{n: detection, detecting, detective work, sleuthing} a police investigation to determine the perpetrator
"detection is hard on the feet"
{n: determinant, determiner, determinative, determining factor, causal factor} a determining or causal element or factor
"education is an important determinant of one's outlook on life"
{n: determination, finding} the act of determining the properties of something
{n: determination, purpose} the quality of being determined to do or achieve something
"his determination showed in his every movement"
"he is a man of purpose"
{n: determiner, determinative} one of a limited class of noun modifiers that determine the referents of noun phrases
{n: dialectic} a contradiction of ideas that serves as the determining factor in their interaction
"this situation created the inner dialectic of American history"
{n: dimension} one of three Cartesian coordinates that determine a position in space
{n: direction finder} radio; determines the direction of incoming radio waves
{n: direction} a general course along which something has a tendency to develop
"I couldn't follow the direction of his thoughts"
"his ideals determined the direction of his career"
"they proposed a new direction for the firm"
{n: disambiguator} (computer science) a natural language processing application that tries to determine the intended meaning of a word or phrase by examining the linguistic context in which it is used
{n: distance, length} size of the gap between two places
"the distance from New York to Chicago"
"he determined the length of the shortest line segment joining the two points"
{n: driver, device driver} (computer science) a program that determines how a computer will communicate with a peripheral device
{n: due care, ordinary care, reasonable care} the care that a reasonable man would exercise under the circumstances; the standard for determining legal duty
{n: echolocation, echo sounding} determining the location of something by measuring the time it takes for an echo to return from it
{n: editor, editor in chief} a person responsible for the editorial aspects of publication; the person who determines the final content of a text (especially of a newspaper or magazine)
{n: electromotive series, electromotive force series, electrochemical series} a serial arrangement of metallic elements or ions according to their electrode potentials determined under specified conditions; the order shows the tendency of one metal to reduce the ions of any other metal below it in the series
{n: electron shell} a grouping of electrons surrounding the nucleus of an atom
"the chemical properties of an atom are determined by the outermost electron shell"
{n: electronic warfare, EW} military action involving the use of electromagnetic energy to determine or exploit or reduce or prevent hostile use of the electromagnetic spectrum
{n: entrance examination, entrance exam} examination to determine a candidate's preparation for a course of studies
{n: environmentalism} the philosophical doctrine that environment is more important than heredity in determining intellectual growth
<-> hereditarianism
{n: episteme} the body of ideas that determine the knowledge that is intellectually certain at any particular time
{n: examination, testing} the act of giving students or candidates a test (as by questions) to determine what they know or have learned
{n: examiner, tester, quizzer} someone who administers a test to determine your qualifications
{n: factor} anything that contributes causally to a result
"a number of factors determined the outcome"
{n: falsification, falsifying, disproof, refutation, refutal} the act of determining that something is false
{n: falsity, falseness} the state of being false or untrue
"argument could not determine its truth or falsity"
<-> truth
{n: fault line} (geology) line determined by the intersection of a geological fault and the earth's surface
{n: field trial} a contest between gun dogs to determine their proficiency in pointing and retrieving
{n: field trial} a test of young hunting dogs to determine their skill in pointing and retrieving
{n: folk, folks, common people} people in general (often used in the plural)
"they're just country folk"
"folks around here drink moonshine"
"the common people determine the group character and preserve its customs from one generation to the next"
{n: fruit of the poisonous tree} a rule that once primary evidence is determined to have been illegally obtained any secondary evidence following from it may also not be used
{n: functional genomics} the branch of genomics that determines the biological function of the genes and their products
{n: fundamental law, organic law, constitution} law determining the fundamental political principles of a government
{n: game} a contest with rules to determine a winner
"you need four people to play this game"
{n: genetic screening} analyzing a group of people to determine genetic susceptibility to a particular disease
"genetic screening of infants for phenylketonuria"
{n: geneticism} the belief that all human characteristics are determined genetically
{n: goniometer} direction finder that determines the angular direction of incoming radio signals
{n: hearing} (law) a proceeding (usually by a court) where evidence is taken for the purpose of determining an issue of fact and reaching a decision based on that evidence
{n: hematocrit, haematocrit} a measuring instrument to determine (usually by centrifugation) the relative amounts of corpuscles and plasma in the blood
{n: heptane} a colorless volatile highly flammable liquid obtained from petroleum and used as an anesthetic or a solvent or in determining octane ratings
{n: hereditarianism} the philosophical doctrine that heredity is more important than environment in determining intellectual growth
<-> environmentalism
{n: higher criticism} the scientific study of biblical writings to determine their origin and meaning
{n: hue, chromaticity} the quality of a color as determined by its dominant wavelength
{n: humor, humour} (Middle Ages) one of the four fluids in the body whose balance was believed to determine your emotional and physical state
"the humors are blood and phlegm and yellow and black bile"
{n: hydrometer, gravimeter} a measuring instrument for determining the specific gravity of a liquid or solid
{n: hypsometer} an altimeter that uses the boiling point of water to determine land elevation
{n: identity} the individual characteristics by which a thing or person is recognized or known
"geneticists only recently discovered the identity of the gene that causes it"
"it was too dark to determine his identity"
"she guessed the identity of his lover"
{n: index register} (computer science) a register used to determine the address of an operand
{n: inertial mass} (physics) the mass of a body as determined by the second law of motion from the acceleration of the body when it is subjected to a force that is not due to gravity
{n: integral calculus} the part of calculus that deals with integration and its application in the solution of differential equations and in determining areas or volumes etc.
{n: integration} an operation used in the calculus whereby the integral of a function is determined
{n: intension, connotation} what you must know in order to determine the reference of an expression
{n: job interview, employment interview} an interview to determine whether an applicant is suitable for a position of employment
{n: jury system} a legal system for determining the facts at issue in a law suit
{n: jus soli} the principle that a person's nationality at birth is determined by the place of birth
{n: justice, judicature} the administration of law; the act of determining rights and assigning rewards or punishments
"justice deferred is justice denied"
{n: karma} (Hinduism and Buddhism) the effects of a person's actions that determine his destiny in his next incarnation
{n: law of averages} a law affirming that in the long run probabilities will determine performance
{n: lead line, sounding line} (nautical) plumb line for determining depth
{n: list system, scrutin de liste, scrutin de liste system} based on the principle of proportional representation; voters choose between party lists, the number elected from each list being determined by the percentage cast for each list out of the total vote
{n: litigation, judicial proceeding} a legal proceeding in a court; a judicial contest to determine and enforce legal rights
{n: loading} the ratio of the gross weight of an airplane to some factor determining its lift
{n: local option} freedom of a local government to determine by popular vote the applicability of a controversial law in their jurisdiction
{n: locus} the set of all points or lines that satisfy or are determined by specific conditions
"the locus of points equidistant from a given point is a circle"
{n: lower criticism} the study of existing manuscripts of Scriptures to determine the original text
{n: managed economy} a non-market economy in which government intervention is important in allocating goods and resources and determining prices
{n: market economy, free enterprise, private enterprise, laissez-faire economy} an economy that relies chiefly on market forces to allocate goods and resources and to determine prices
<-> non-market economy
{n: market} the customers for a particular product or service
"before they publish any book they try to determine the size of the market for it"
{n: markup} the amount added to the cost to determine the asking price
{n: mass spectroscopy} the use of spectroscopy to determine the masses of small electrically charged particles
{n: mechanism, chemical mechanism} the atomic process that occurs during a chemical reaction
"he determined unique mechanisms for the photochemical reactions"
{n: mentality, outlook, mindset, mind-set} a habitual or characteristic mental attitude that determines how you will interpret and respond to situations
{n: minimum wage} the lowest wage that an employer is allowed to pay; determined by contract or by law
{n: nature} the complex of emotional and intellectual attributes that determine a person's characteristic actions and reactions
"it is his nature to help others"
{n: navigational system} a system that provides information useful in determining the position and course of a ship or aircraft
{n: operation, functioning, performance} process or manner of functioning or operating
"the power of its engine determine its operation"
"the plane's operation in high winds"
"they compared the cooking performance of each oven"
"the jet's performance conformed to high standards"
{n: operations research} research designed to determine most efficient way to do something
{n: ordeal, trial by ordeal} a primitive method of determining a person's guilt or innocence by subjecting the accused person to dangerous or painful tests believed to be under divine control; escape was usually taken as a sign of innocence
{n: parameter} any factor that defines a system and determines (or limits) its performance
{n: part, portion, component part, component} something determined in relation to something that includes it
"he wanted to feel a part of something bigger than himself"
"I read a portion of the manuscript"
"the smaller component is hard to reach"
{n: patch test} a test to determine allergic sensitivity by applying small pads soaked with allergen to the unbroken skin
{n: paternity suit, bastardy proceeding} a lawsuit filed to determine the father of a child born out of wedlock (and to provide for the support of the child once paternity is determined)
{n: paternity test} a test based on blood groups to determine whether a particular man could be the biological father of a particular child; negative results prove he was not the father but positive results show only that he could be
{n: paternity} the state of being a father
"tests were conducted to determine paternity"
{n: payroll, payroll department} the department that determines the amounts of wage or salary due to each employee
{n: pelvimetry} measurement of the dimensions of the bony birth canal (to determine whether vaginal birth is possible)
{n: perspective, linear perspective} the appearance of things relative to one another as determined by their distance from the viewer
{n: petit jury, petty jury} a jury of 12 to determine the facts and decide the issue in civil or criminal proceedings
{n: pharmacogenetics} the branch of genetics that studies the genetically determined variations in responses to drugs in humans or laboratory organisms
{n: phase I clinical trial, phase I} a clinical trial on a few persons to determine the safety of a new drug or invasive medical device; for drugs, dosage or toxicity limits should be obtained
{n: photo finish} in general, any very close finish; in particular, a finish of a race in which the contestants are so close together that the winner must be determined from a photograph taken at the instant of finishing
{n: playoff} any final competition to determine a championship
{n: plebiscite} a vote by the electorate determining public opinion on a question of national importance
{n: plumb line, perpendicular} a cord from which a metal weight is suspended pointing directly to the earth's center of gravity; used to determine the vertical from a given point
{n: predestination, foreordination, preordination, predetermination} (theology) being determined in advance; especially the doctrine (usually associated with Calvin) that God has foreordained every event throughout eternity (including the final salvation of mankind)
{n: predetermination} the act of determining or ordaining in advance what is to take place
{n: pregnancy test} a physiological test to determine whether a person is pregnant
{n: preliminary examination, preliminary exam, prelim} an examination taken by graduate students to determine their fitness to continue
{n: prenatal diagnosis} any of the diagnostic procedures used to determine whether a fetus has a genetic abnormality
{n: primary sex characteristic, primary sexual characteristic, primary sex character} the genetically determined sex characteristics bound up with reproduction (genitals and organs of reproduction)
{n: priority processing} data processing in which the operations performed are determined by a system of priorities
{n: probable cause} (law) evidence sufficient to warrant an arrest or search and seizure
"a magistrate determined that there was probable cause to search the house"
{n: protocol, communications protocol} (computer science) rules determining the format and transmission of data
{n: quantitative analysis, quantitative chemical analysis} chemical analysis to determine the amounts of each element in the substance
{n: quo warranto} a hearing to determine by what authority someone has an office or franchise or liberty
{n: radar beacon, racon} a device that, on receiving radar signals, transmits coded signals in response to help navigators determine their position
{n: radio compass} a direction finder that gives a bearing by determining the direction of incoming radio signals
{n: radiocarbon dating, carbon dating, carbon-14 dating} a chemical analysis used to determine the age of organic materials based on their content of the radioisotope carbon-14; believed to be reliable up to 40,000 years
{n: random walk} a stochastic process consisting of a sequence of changes each of whose characteristics (as magnitude or direction) is determined by chance
{n: rank} relative status
"his salary was determined by his rank and seniority"
{n: redetermination} determining again
{n: refractivity, refractiveness} the physical property of a medium as determined by its index of refraction
{n: respiratory center} the center in the medulla oblongata and pons that integrates sensory information about the level of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood and determines the signals to be sent to the respiratory muscles
{n: road map, guideline} a detailed plan or explanation to guide you in setting standards or determining a course of action
"the president said he had a road map for normalizing relations with Vietnam"
{n: rule, formula} (mathematics) a standard procedure for solving a class of mathematical problems
"he determined the upper bound with Descartes' rule of signs"
"he gave us a general formula for attacking polynomials"
{n: salinometer} a hydrometer that determines the concentration of salt solutions by measuring their density
{n: scanner} someone who scans verse to determine the number and prosodic value of the syllables
{n: scratch test} a test to determine allergic sensitivity to various substances by applying them to scratches in the skin
{n: search, lookup} an operation that determines whether one or more of a set of items has a specified property
"they wrote a program to do a table lookup"
{n: secondary sex characteristic, secondary sexual characteristic, secondary sex character} the genetically determined sex characteristics that are not functionally necessary for reproduction (pitch of the voice and body hair and musculature)
{n: sequencer, sequenator} (chemistry) an apparatus that can determine the sequence of monomers in a polymer
{n: sequence} serial arrangement in which things follow in logical order or a recurrent pattern
"the sequence of names was alphabetical"
"he invented a technique to determine the sequence of base pairs in DNA"
{n: sex chromatin} chromatin found only in female cells
"the presence or absence of sex chromatin in cells obtained by amniocentesis makes it possible to determine the sex of a fetus"
{n: sex chromosome} (genetics) a chromosome that determines the sex of an individual
"mammals normally have two sex chromosomes"
{n: sex-linked disorder} any disease or abnormality that is determined by the sex hormones
"hemophilia is determined by a gene defect on an X chromosome"
{n: site visit} a visit in an official capacity to examine a site to determine its suitability for some enterprise
{n: site, situation} physical position in relation to the surroundings
"the sites are determined by highly specific sequences of nucleotides"
{n: skin test} any test to determine immunity or sensitivity to a disease by introducing small amounts on or into the skin
{n: smoothness} the quality of having a level and even surface
"the water was a glassy smoothness"
"the weather system of the Pacific is determined by the uninterrupted smoothness of the ocean"
{n: sonic depth finder, fathometer} depth finder for determining depth of water or a submerged object by means of ultrasound waves
{n: spinner} board game equipment that consists of a dial and an arrow that is spun to determine the next move in the game
{n: spirit} a fundamental emotional and activating principle determining one's character
{n: straw vote, straw poll} an unofficial vote taken to determine opinion on some issue
{n: strongman} a powerful political figure who rules by the exercise of force or violence
"he is determined to bring down the Iraqi strongman"
{n: structural genomics} the branch of genomics that determines the three-dimensional structures of proteins
{n: succussion} shaking a person to determine whether a large amount of liquid is present in a body cavity
{n: surveyor} an engineer who determines the boundaries and elevations of land or structures
{n: testcross, test-cross} a cross between an organism whose genotype for a certain trait is unknown and an organism that is homozygous recessive for that trait so the unknown genotype can be determined from that of the offspring
{n: testing} the act of subjecting to experimental test in order to determine how well something works
"they agreed to end the testing of atomic weapons"
{n: throw} casting an object in order to determine an outcome randomly
"he risked his fortune on a throw of the dice"
{n: timekeeping} the act or process of determining the time
{n: tissue typing} a series of diagnostic tests before an organ transplant to determine whether the tissues of a donor and recipient are compatible
{n: titer, titre} the concentration of a solution as determined by titration
{n: trial} (sports) a preliminary competition to determine qualifications
"the trials for the semifinals began yesterday"
{n: triangulation} a trigonometric method of determining the position of a fixed point from the angles to it from two fixed points a known distance apart; useful in navigation
{n: tuberculin test, tuberculin skin test} a skin test to determine past or present infection with the tuberculosis bacterium; based on hypersensitivity of the skin to tuberculin
{n: ultracentrifuge} a high speed centrifuge used to determine the relative molecular masses of large molecules in high polymers and proteins
{n: undercut} a notch cut in the trunk of tree in order to determine the direction of its fall
{n: vital capacity} the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation (usually tested with a spirometer); used to determine the condition of lung tissue
{n: vote} the opinion of a group as determined by voting
"they put the question to a vote"
{n: wild card} a playing card whose value can be determined by the person who holds it
{n: world, reality} all of your experiences that determine how things appear to you
"his world was shattered"
"we live in different worlds"
"for them demons were as much a part of reality as trees were"
{v: admeasure} determine the quantity of someone's share
{v: card} ask someone for identification to determine whether he or she is old enough to consume liquor
"I was carded when I tried to buy a beer!"
{v: check, check up on, look into, check out, suss out, check over, go over, check into} examine so as to determine accuracy, quality, or condition
"check the brakes"
"Check out the engine"
{v: count off} call in turn from right to left or from back to front numbers that determine some position or function
{v: count, number, enumerate, numerate} determine the number or amount of
"Can you count the books on your shelf?"
"Count your change"
{v: date} assign a date to ; determine the (probable) date of
"Scientists often cannot date precisely archeological or prehistorical findings"
{v: decide, make up one's mind, determine} reach, make, or come to a decision about something
"We finally decided after lengthy deliberations"
{v: decide} influence or determine
"The vote in New Hampshire often decides the outcome of the Presidential election"
{v: define} determine the nature of
"What defines a good wine?"
{v: detect, observe, find, discover, notice} discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of
"She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water"
"We found traces of lead in the paint"
{v: determine, check, find out, see, ascertain, watch, learn} find out, learn, or determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort
"I want to see whether she speaks French"
"See whether it works"
"find out if he speaks Russian"
"Check whether the train leaves on time"
{v: determine, find, find out, ascertain} after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study
"find the product of two numbers"
"The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize"
{v: determine, set} fix conclusively or authoritatively
"set the rules"
{v: determine, shape, mold, influence, regulate} shape or influence ; give direction to
"experience often determines ability"
"mold public opinion"
{v: determine} fix in scope ; fix the boundaries of ; the tree determines the border of the property
{v: diagnose, name} determine or distinguish the nature of a problem or an illness through a diagnostic analysis
{v: format} determine the arrangement of (data) for storage and display (in computer science)
{v: gauge} determine the capacity, volume, or contents of by measurement and calculation
"gauge the wine barrels"
{v: grade} determine the grade of or assign a grade to
{v: judge} determine the result of (a competition)
{v: liquidate} settle the affairs of by determining the debts and applying the assets to pay them off
"liquidate a company"
{v: locate, turn up} discover the location of ; determine the place of ; find by searching or examining
"Can you locate your cousins in the Midwest?"
"My search turned up nothing"
{v: measure, mensurate, measure out} determine the measurements of something or somebody, take measurements of
"Measure the length of the wall"
{v: orient, orientate} determine one's position with reference to another point
<-> disorient
{v: predestine, foreordain, preordain} foreordain or determine beforehand
{v: predestine} decree or determine beforehand
{v: predetermine} determine beforehand
{v: preform} form or shape beforehand or determine the shape of beforehand
{v: price} determine the price of
"The grocer priced his wares high"
{v: provide} determine (what is to happen in certain contingencies), especially by including a proviso condition or stipulation
"The will provides that each child should receive half of the money"
"The Constitution provides for the right to free speech"
{v: rectify} math: determine the length of
"rectify a curve"
{v: refract} determine the refracting power of (a lens)
{v: rule out, rule in} include or exclude by determining judicially or in agreement with rules
{v: sequence} determine the order of constituents in
"They sequenced the human genome"
{v: settle, square off, square up, determine} settle conclusively ; come to terms
"We finally settled the argument"
{v: situate, locate} determine or indicate the place, site, or limits of, as if by an instrument or by a survey
"Our sense of sight enables us to locate objects in space"
"Locate the boundaries of the property"
{v: specify, define, delineate, delimit, delimitate} determine the essential quality of
{v: specify, set, determine, fix, limit} decide upon or fix definitely
"fix the variables"
"specify the parameters"
{v: steer, maneuver, manoeuver, manoeuvre, direct, point, head, guide, channelize, channelise} direct the course ; determine the direction of travelling
{v: take} ascertain or determine by measuring, computing or take a reading from a dial
"take a pulse"
"A reading was taken of the earth's tremors"
{v: tax, assess} set or determine the amount of (a payment such as a fine)
{v: test} determine the presence or properties of (a substance)
{v: total, tot, tot up, sum, sum up, summate, tote up, add, add together, tally, add up} determine the sum of
"Add all the people in this town to those of the neighboring town"
{v: translate} genetics: determine the amino-acid sequence of a protein during its synthesis by using information on the messenger RNA
{v: value} fix or determine the value of ; assign a value to
"value the jewelry and art work in the estate"
{v: watch} observe or determine by looking
"Watch how the dog chases the cats away"
{v: weigh, librate} determine the weight of
"The butcher weighed the chicken"
{v: will} determine by choice
"This action was willed and intended"
We are determined that this 2lst century shall be the African century.
我们决心要使 21世纪成为非洲的世纪。
Using radiometric dating methods, Sugden determined that the ash settled into the fissure after a volcanic eruption 8.1 million years ago.
用辐射测量鉴定年代的方法，萨格登测定那些灰烬是 810万年前火山爆发后沉积在石缝中的。
K'vod ha-met: in Hebrew, respect for the dead. K'
：在希伯来语中，它的意思是：尊重死者。
For Jews, this ancient, principle ensures dignified treatment of the body.
对犹太人来说，这个古老的原则保证了死者的尸体得到有尊严的处理。
Even in liberal Judaism, only certain conditions can override it:
即使是在开明派犹太人的圈子里，也只有在某些特殊情况下才能推翻这个原则：
when civil law requires an autopsy, for example, to determine the cause of death; or when there is an opportunity to save a life.
例如，为了确定死亡原因，按民法规定有必要进行尸体解剖时；或者在有可能挽救一个生命时。
Despite the operation's success, the Thurstons ' worries were far from over:
虽然手术取得成功，瑟斯顿夫妇的忧虑并没有消除：
they were determined to repay Pam Cradduck and faced more than $ 20,000 in medical costs and travel expenses.
他们决定偿还帕姆·克拉达克给他们的钱，而且还面临着 20000多美元的医疗费和旅费。
Angry about Hitler's ways, I determined to go out there and really show Der Fuhrer and his master race who was superior and who wasn't.
我很气个过希特勒的那一套，决心显一显身手，着实让 "元首大人 "和他的优等民族看看谁优谁劣。
The environment you grow up in is as important as your DNA in determining the person you ultimately become.
在确定你最终成为什么样的人的问题上，你成长的环境与你 DNA 一样重要。
He says he will continue taking roles that challenge him and is determined to avoid being typecast.
他说他将继续出演具有挑战性的角色，并决心避免成为定型演员。
Resolution determines the photo's clarity.It is measured in millions of pixels - the more the better.
分辨率决定了照片的清晰程度。它是以每百万像素为单位进行度量的──分辨率越高，清晰度越高。
Initial results of a small safety trial were reported at the Alzheimer's Conference, and Elan's further studies will determine any positive effects the potential treatment might have on the brain.
在阿耳茨海默氏病研讨会报告中提出了小型安全性试验获得的初步结果，埃兰医药公司的进一步研究将定这治疗方案对人脑有哪些积影响。
By studying a computerized database of more than 430,000 people who suffered heart attacks across the U.S., it was determined that there are six major risk factors that increase the chances that any heart attack you suffer will be atypical. These six risk factors include: having a weak heart( from congestive heart disease), diabetes or a history of stroke; being 65 or older, female or from a minority group.
通过仔细研究美国全国 43万心脏病患者的计算机数信息，研究人员发现：导致心脏病发作特征不典型的危险因素主要有六个，它们是：心脏脆弱（源自充血性心脏病）、糖尿并中风史、患者年龄在 65岁以上、女性以及患者为少数民族。
By this reasoning, freedom equals the parts of our nature not determined by our genes, a sort of flower that blooms after our genes have done their tyrannical worst.
按照这样的逻辑，自由就等于我们的天性中不由基因决定的那些部分，是在我们的基因尽专横跋扈之能事之后绽放的花朵。
To the extent that you act in character, you are responsible for your actions; yet acting in character is merely expressing the many determined factors that caused your character.
只要你遵照自己的个性行事，你就是在为自己的行为负责任；但是遵照个性行事恰恰现了影响你个性形成的诸多决定性因素。
Unless our behavior is random, it is determined.
除非我们的行为举止随意又没有目的性，否则它就是由先天决定的。
If it is determined, then it is not free.
而如果说它是由先天决定的话，那么它就不可能是自由自在的。
An intriguing one will determine whether vitamin E or an Alzheimer's drug called Aricept can prevent dementia from developing in people who are at greater risk of developing Alzheimer's disease because they have what is called mild cognitive impairment.
其中一项有趣的试验将定，能够防止所谓的轻度认知障碍的人（他们因此更容易罹患早老性痴呆症）患上痴呆症的是维生素 E ，还是一名叫 Aricept 的治疗早老性痴呆症的药物。
All three items converge in a chute, and then inside a box All of the crates arrive at a central point where bar codes are matched with order numbers to determine who gets what.
你要的三件商品在货运斜管中汇合，然后被装入纸箱所有货篓被传送带送到中心点。在那里，工人核对商品条形码与订单号，以确认哪些商品归哪些顾客。
So for years researchers have been attacking the problem by taking normal cells and trying to determine what changes will turn them cancerous * always without success.
所以，很多年来，研究人员一直在攻克这一问题，他们采取的方式是取出正常细胞，试图去确定是什么变化使得它们发生癌变，但总是无功而返。
The key is a gene known as SHH that determines natural on-off cycles of hair growth.
关键在于一种叫 SHH 的基因。正是它决定了头发生长、脱落的自然周期。
The National Institute on Aging is embarking on a study to determine if Aricept can help people with mild cognitive impairment.
美国全国人口老化协会正在展开一项研究，确定 Aricept 是否可以治疗患有轻度认知障碍症的人。
I do know one thing, though: I am determined not to be running a railroad, look up in the sky; see planes go by and deny that I am in the transportation business. "
但是，我决不会这样做：经营一条铁路，看见天上飞机飞过，就否认自己不是做运输生意。
They determined that SOHO's orbit was gradually tilting the craft and slowly increasing the amount of sunlight hitting the solar panels.
科学家们认为，由于这颗卫星的轨道逐渐使观测卫星倾侧，使得太阳电池板上的阳光照射量慢慢增加。
If such a gene occurs on a sex-determining (X or Y) chromosome, then highly aberrant sex ratios can occur.
如果这样的一个基因发生在一个能决定性别（sex-determiningX或Y）的染色体上，则极度反常的性别比例便告出现。
A female stores sperm and can determine the sex of each egg she lays by fertilizing it or leaving it unfertilized.
雌性黄蜂能储存精子，并对她所产的每一个卵，通过使其受精或不让其受精，从而决定其性别。按照菲希尔的论点，
In her novels, Woolf is deeply engaged by the questions of how individuals are shaped (or deformed) by their social environments, how historical forces impinge on people's lives, how class, wealth, and gender help to determine people's fates.
在其小说中，伍尔夫深深地被这样一些问题所吸引：个人是如何被他们的社会环境所造就（或被弄得畸型变态）的，历史的力量是如何影响人们的生活的，以及阶级、财富和性别是如何有助于决定人们的命运的。
According to this theory, it is not the quality of the sensory nerve impulses that determines the diverse conscious sensations they produce, but rather the different areas of the brain into which they discharge, and there is some evidence for this view.
按此理论，并非是感觉的神经冲动的性质在决定着它们所产生的不尽相同的有意识感觉，而是神经冲动所释放入其中的不同的大脑区域在起着决定性作用。
In large part as a consequence of the feminist movement, historians have focused a great deal of attention in recent years on determining more accurately the status of women in various periods.
在很大程度上，由于女权主义运动（feminist movement）的缘故，史学家近年来汇聚了大量的注意力，来更为准确地确定妇女在各个历史时期的地位。
Perhaps, some scientists thought, migrants determine their geographic position on Earth by celestial navigation, almost as human navigators use stars and planets, but this would demand of the animals a fantastic map sense.
某些科学家认为，或许，迁移动物是通过天体导航（celestial navigation）来确定其在地球上的地理位置，几乎如同人类航海家利用星辰和行星那样；但这将要求动物具有一种难于令人置信的地图感（mapsense）。
Researchers now know that some species have a magnetic sense, which might allow migrants to determine their geographic location by detecting variations in the strength of the Earth's magnetic field.
科研人员现在获悉，某些动物种类具备一种磁感（magnetic sense），这可能允许动物通过测定地球磁场强度变化而确立其地理位置。
The potential magnitude of grazing pressure on freshwater phytoplankton has only recently been determined empirically.
浮游动物对生长在淡水中的浮游植物所产生的压力，其潜在强度只是在最近才得以通过经验主义的手段确定。
The high estimates of grazing pressure postulated by these researchers were not fully accepted, however, until the grazing rates of zooplankton were determined directly in the field, by means of new experimental techniques.
然则，这两位科研人员所假设的食草压力的高估算，直到浮游动物的食草比率通过新的实验技术，直接牵头地获得确证之后，才获得充分的接受。
A more compelling explanation is that the early and sometimes extreme racial discrimination in the English colonies helped determine the particular nature of the slavery that followed.
一种更令人信服的解释是，英国殖民地早已存在的并且在某些情况下甚为极端的种族歧视决定了随之而来的奴隶制度的那种特殊性质。
Cross-reactions are possible and this method cannot determine whether the substances detected by the antiserums really are the hormones, or merely close relatives.
交叉反应有可能发生，故这一方法无法确定由抗血清测得的物质究竟是真正的肽激素，或仅仅只是其近似的亲缘物（relative）。
Furthermore, this method cannot be used to determined the location in the body where the detected substances are actually produced.
另外，这一方法无法被用来确定所测定的物质究竟是在人体的哪个部位被际制造出来的。
The cells containing these mRNA's can then be isolated and their mRNA's decoded to determine just what their protein products are and how closely the products resemble the true peptide hormones.
含有这些mRNA's的脑细胞然后就可以被分离开来，研究者可对其信使RNA's进行解码，以确定它们的蛋白质产品究竟是什么，并确定这些蛋白质产品在何种程度上类似于真正的肽激素。
Since most orb weavers belong either to the Araneidae or the Uloboridae families, the origin of the orb web can be determined only by ascertaining whether the families are related.
既然绝大部分编织圆形蜘蛛网的蜘蛛要么属于圆蛛科（Araneidae），要么属于虫无蛛科（Uloboridae），所以，圆形蜘蛛网的起源只能通过弄清此两科蜘蛛是否互有联系来确定。
Voters in Iran will have to go to the polls for a runoff election to determine, which of the top two finishers in Friday's election will be president. The surprise finish in the first round sparked controversy.
伊朗选民必须进行决选投票，以决定在星期五的选举中得票最高的两名候选人中，谁将成为伊朗总统。第一轮投票令人意想不到的结果引发了争议。
Despite the concerns, White House officials insist the president is determined to press for Social Security reform this year. They also cite public opinion polls that indicate the president has succeeded in raising awareness about the uncertain financial future of the Social Security program.
虽然存在这种种顾虑，但是白宫官员坚持说，布什总统还是决心在今年推动社安制度的改革。他们引用民意调查的结果说，布什的成功在于，他让公众越来越多地认识到社安制度前途未卜。
General Myers said U.S. troop levels in Iraq will rise to 150,000 by the scheduled January 30 elections. He said events on the ground in Iraq would determine whether the troop level would be scaled back afterwards.
迈尔斯将军说，在1月30日举行大选前， 美军在伊拉克驻扎的人数将增加到15万人。他说，伊拉克局势的发展将决定此后美国是否会减少在伊拉克驻军的人数。
"The president has been a determined leader to bring to justice, not only people like Osama bin Laden, but to bring to justice those who would inflict harm and pain on his own people," said President Bush.
布什说：“穆沙拉夫总统一直是一位坚定的领袖，不仅要把本拉登这样的人绳之以法，还要把对他自己的人民造成伤害和痛苦的人也绳之以法。”
In the run-up to the election, there was concern that a close vote in Florida could lead to another recount like the one that delayed final results in the 2000 elections. But in this election, Ohio appeared to be the state that would ultimately determine the outcome.
在这次大选前夕人们曾经担心，佛罗里达州接近的选票有可能导致2000年重新点算选票的现像再现，从而再次拖延选举结果的得出。不过可能最终拖延这次大选结果的州看起来是俄亥俄州。
"Americans will go to the polls in a time of war and ongoing threats unlike any we have faced before," he said. "The terrorists who killed thousands of innocent people are still dangerous and determined to strike. The outcome of this election will set the direction of the war against terror. The most solemn duty of the American president is to protect the American people."
他说，“美国人民在面对从未曾经历过的战争和正在进行的威胁的时候去投票站投票。杀害了数千名无辜民众的恐怖分子们仍很危险，他们决心反抗。这次大选的结果将决定反恐战争的方向。美国总统最神圣的职责是保护美国人民。”
5.
Malignant neoplasms overlapping site boundaries and the use of
subcategory.8 (overlapping lesion)
Categories C00-C75 classify primary malignant neoplasms according to their point of
origin. Many three-character categories are further divided into named parts or
subcategories of the organ in question. A neoplasm that overlaps two or more contiguous
sites within a three- character category and whose point of origin cannot be determined
should be classified to the subcategory.8 ("overlapping lesion"), unless the
combination is specifically indexed elsewhere. For example, carcinoma of oesophagus and
stomach is specifically indexed to C16.0 (cardia), while carcinoma of the tip and ventral
surface of the tongue should be assigned to C02.8. On the other hand, carcinoma of the tip
of the tongue extending to involve the ventral surface should be coded to C02.1 as the
point of origin, the tip, is known. "Overlapping" implies that the sites
involved are contiguous (next to each other). Numerically consecutive subcategories are
frequently anatomically contiguous, but this is not invariably so (e.g. bladder C67.-) and
the coder may need to consult anatomical texts to determine the topographical
relationships.
Sometimes a neoplasm overlaps the boundaries of three-character categories within certain
systems. To take care of this the following subcategories have been designated:
恶性肿瘤的位置重叠 ， 以及次类别 .8 ( 重叠性病灶 ）
的使用
C00-C75 类别是根据原发部位来归类原发性恶性肿瘤 ，
许多叁码分类因位置名称或原发器官不明可再细分
， 在叁码分类内一个肿瘤如果跨越一个以上相邻部
位且原发部位不明者可归类於次分类 . 8 ， 此重叠区
已在其他地方有特殊归类则不在此限。例如 ： 食道
和胃癌是明示在 C16.0 （ 贲门部 ） ， 而舌尖和舌腹面癌
， 被定为 C02.8 ， 当原发部位已知为舌尖 ， 舌尖癌扩展
至舌腹面 ， 必须登录为 C02.1 ， 重叠性意为侵犯的部位
是连接的 （ 至另一邻近部位 ） 而连续的数字类别在
解剖学上常常是连续的 ， 这是会变化的 ( 如 ： 膀胱 (
C67.- ) ） 登录者需要查解剖书来决定局部解剖的关系
。
在一些系统里有时肿瘤在叁特质类别范围有重叠 ，
为了收录这些特性而有下列的次类别命名 ：
F40
Phobic anxiety disorders
A group of disorders in which anxiety is evoked only, or predominantly, in certain
well-defined situations that are not currently dangerous. As a result these situations are
characteristically avoided or endured with dread. The patient's concern may be focused on
individual symptoms like palpitations or feeling faint and is often associated with
secondary fears of dying, losing control, or going mad. Contemplating entry to the phobic
situation usually generates anticipatory anxiety. Phobic anxiety and depression often
coexist. Whether two diagnoses, phobic anxiety and depressive episode, are needed, or only
one, is determined by the time course of the two conditions and by therapeutic
considerations at the time of consultation.
畏惧焦虑症
当焦虑有在面对一些特定的外界情境或对象下才引
发 ， 该情境对象并不具真正危险性质 ， 个体却无法
忍受而必需规避之 ， 是此障碍的特性。罹患者的顾
虑可能投注在诸如心悸或晕厥感等个别症状上等 ，
而且常伴有续发性的害怕死亡 ， 失控或害怕发狂等
现象。通常越是预期身临该畏惧情境越会导致预期
性焦虑。畏惧性焦虑常常和忧郁并存 ， 究竟是两个
诊断均有存在必要 ， 抑或合为一个诊断即可 ， 可取
决於何者明显为先即为主要诊断 ， 或者诊断当时以
何者为临床治疗之主要考量。
F51
Nonorganic sleep disorders
In many cases, a disturbance of sleep is one of the symptoms of another disorder, either
mental or physical. Whether a sleep disorder in a given patient is an independent
condition or simply one of the features of another disorder classified elsewhere, either
in this chapter or in others, should be determined on the basis of its clinical
presentation and course as well as on the therapeutic considerations and priorities at the
time of the consultation. Generally, if the sleep disorder is one of the major complaints
and is perceived as a condition in itself, the present code should be used along with
other pertinent diagnoses describing the psychopathology and pathophysiology involved in a
given case. This category includes only those sleep disorders in which emotional causes
are considered to be a primary factor, and which are not due to identifiable physical
disorders classified elsewhere.
Excludes: sleep disorders (organic) (G47.-)
非器质性睡眠障碍症
许多病例中 ， 睡眠障碍常是他种疾病的症状表现之
一 ， 无论是精神或身体的疾病。不论病人的睡眠障
碍是单独出现 ， 或是其他疾病的症状之一 ， 诊断时
必须取决於临床表现、病程发展、治疗考虑、以及
照会时临床问题的优先顺序。一般来说 ， 如果睡眠
障碍是病人一个主诉 ， 同时被视为是重要的问题时
， 那麽除了使用其他能描述精神病理和生理病理问
题的适当诊断之外 ， F51 这个代码的诊断也应被列入
。这个诊断包含主要是由情绪因素所引起的睡眠障
碍 ， 以及其他无法证明是生理疾病引起的睡眠问题
。
不包含 ： 睡眠障碍症 （ 器质性 ） (G47.-)
F94.0
Elective mutism
Characterized by a marked, emotionally determined selectivity in speaking, such that the
child demonstrates a language competence in some situations but fails to speak in other
(definable) situations. The disorder is usually associated with marked personality
features involving social anxiety, withdrawal, sensitivity, or resistance.
Selective mutism
Excludes: pervasive developmental disorders (F84.-)
schizophrenia (F20.-)
specific developmental disorders of speech and language (F80.-)
transient mutism as part of separation anxiety in young children (F93.0)
选择性不语症
儿童因明显的情绪因素选择性说话 ， 在某些情境下
可以说话但是在其他 （ 特定的 ） 情境下无法说话。
通常会合并明显的人格特徵 ， 包牯社交焦虑 ， 退缩
， 敏感或抗拒。
选择性不语症
不包含 ： 广泛性发展障碍症 (F84.-)
精神分裂症 (F20.-)
特定语言发展障碍症 (F80.-)
年幼儿童分离焦虑之暂时不语症状 (F93.0)
ARTHROSIS (M15-M19)
Note: In this block the term osteoarthritis is used as a synonym for arthrosis or
osteoarthrosis. The term primary has been used with itscustomary clinical meaning of no
underlying or determining condition identified.
Excludes: osteoarthritis of spine (M47.-)
关节病 (M15-M19)
在此部份 ， 名词 " 骨关节炎 " 是 " ( 骨 ) 关节病
的同义字。名词 " 原发性 " 以其惯用的临床意义
被使用 ， 意指无位於其之下或决定性病况被确认。
不包含 ： 脊椎之骨关节病 (M47.-)
Chapter XVIII 第十八章
SYMPTOMS,SIGNS AND ABNORMAL CLINICAL AND LABORATORY FINDINGS, NOT ELSEWHERE CLASSIFIED
(R00-R99)
症状、候与他处未归类之临床及实验室检查异常所
见 (ROO-R99)
This chapter includes symptoms,signs,abnormal results of
clinical or other investigative procedures,and ill-defined conditions regarding which no
diagnosis classifiable elsewhere is recorded.
本章包含症状、候与其他章节未归类之临床和检查
结果异常 ， 及诊断欠明的病况。
Signs and symptoms that point rather definitely to a given
diagnosis have been assigned to a category in other chapters of the classification. In
general,categories in this chapter include the less well-defined conditions and symptoms
that, without the necessary study of the case to establish a final diagnosis, point
perhaps equally to two or more diseases or to two or more systems of the body. Practically
all categories in the chapter could be designated "not otherwise specified",
"unknown etiology" or "transient " The Alphabetical Index should be
consulted to determine which symptoms and signs are to be allocated here and which to
other chapters. The residual subcategories, numbered .8, are generally provided for other
relevant symptoms that cannot be allocated elsewhere in the classification.
症状与候相当清楚可列入其他章节之疾病诊断时 ，
须列在其他分类章节的范围内。一般来说 ， 列在本
章节的分类 ， 即表明源於诊断未明的病况 ， 含两种
或两种以上多种疾病、多种系统及不需要进一步确
立诊断的病况及候。实际来看 ， 本章的范围可视为
一些其他未明示的、病因欠明或暂时性的症状候 ，
可利用索引来查询症状或候所归类之章节。本章以
(.8) 来代表不易归类之相关症状的其他次分类项。
The conditions and signs or symptoms included in categories
R00-R99 consist of: (a) cases for which no more specific diagnosis can be made even after
all the facts bearing on the case have been investigated;(b) signs or symptoms existing at
the time of initial encounter that proved to be transient and whose causes could not be
determined;(c) provisional diagnoses in a patient who failed to return for further
investigation or care;(d) cases referred elsewhere for investigation or treatment before
the diagnosis was made;(e) cases in which a more precise diagnosis was not available for
any other reason; (f) certain symptoms, for which supplementary information is provided,
that represent important problems in medical care in their own right.
病况、症状及候包含在 ROO 至 R99 类项时 ， 即包含下列
各种情况 (a) 病人检查後 ， 无明示性之诊断 ； (b) 初期
发现且病程短暂及病因无法确认 ； (c) 无法进一步检
查或处理之暂时性诊断 ； (d) 须检查或治疗後才可确
定归类於其他章节的明确诊断 ； (e） 病例无法给予详
细诊断 ； (f) 在重要的医疗问题中症状与候的描述可
给予辅助性的资料时。
Excludes: abnormal findings on antenatal screening of mother
(O28.-)
certain conditions originating in the perinatal period(P00-P96)
不包含 ： 母亲产前检查之异常所见 （O28.-）
源於周产期之病况 （P00-P96）
Y90
Evidence of alcohol involvement determined by blood alcohol level
由血中酒精浓度证实与酒精摄取有关
Y91
Evidence of alcohol involvement determined by level of intoxication
Excludes: evidence of alcohol involvement determined by blood alcohol content (Y90.-)
由酒精中毒程度来证实与酒精摄取有关
不包含 ： 由血中酒精浓度来确定酒精摄取之证据 （Y90.-)
complementary determining region 互补决定区
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