describe [ dis'kraib] vt.形容；描写，描绘
describe [dis'kraib] vt. 描写,叙述
describe [dis'kraib] 描述
请描述你的行李。 Can you describe your baggage?
它是一个中型的灰色绅耐特皮箱。 It is a medium-sized Samsonite, and it's gray.
它是一个上面系有我名牌的大型皮制黑蓝色行李箱。 It is a large leather suitcase with my name tag. It's dark blue.
它是一个茶色小旅行袋。 It's a small overnight bag. It's light brown.
A man never discloses his own character so clearly as when he describes another's.
在描述另一个人的性格时，人最清楚地显露自己的性格。
What he described exists only in imagination but not in reality.
他所描绘的只是想象，而不是现实。
History books are usually written in narrative style, describing political and social changes according to time order.
历史书通常以叙述体来写，根据时间顺序叙述政治和社会的变迁。
From the way you describe him he sounds a hero.
从你对他的描述来看，他似乎是个英雄。
I can best sum up the advantages of the system by describing some recent encouraging results.
通过描述最近取得的令人鼓舞的成果，我能很好地概括该系统的长处。
Gothic novels usually describe romantic adventures in mysterious or frightening settings.
哥特派小说通常描述有神秘或恐怖气氛的浪漫故事。
While a selection of necessary details is involved in both, the officer must remain neutral and clearly try to present a picture of the facts, while the artist usually begins with a preconceived message or attitude which is then transmitted through the use of carefully selected details of action described in words intended to provoke associations and emotional reactions in the reader.
尽管收集必要的信息对于两者来说都是需要的，但官员必须以中立和清晰的态度来提供事实的画面，而艺术家从已设字的信息或者态度开始，并将其过用激发读者共鸣和情绪反应的词语描写的动用细节描述出来。
The police asked me to describe exactly how it happened.
警察让我描述一下这事是怎样发生的。
The captain described the accident in the ship's log.
船长在航海日志中描述了这次事故。
They describe how each process goes on to the next.
表述着每道工艺间的衔接情况。
In the Olympics, the races have different names according to their distances, e.g. the one hundred metres; the four hundred metres. Above 800 metres, you can describe the races as long distance races, e.g. the five thousand metres.
在奥运会比赛中，赛跑按照距离长短的不同有不同的名称，例如：one hundred metres / 一百米赛跑 ； the four hundred metres /四百米赛跑。 八百米以上的赛跑可以称作 long distance races /长跑, 例如 the five thousand metres /五千米赛跑。
When you describe how long you might stay in a place, eg: on a visit or on a holiday, you can use the number of nights or the number of days, eg: We’re staying three nights in Xi’an / we’re staying three nights in Xi’an: We visited Beijing for ten days / We visited Beijing for ten days.
当你描述你将在某地停留多久时，例如去旅游或者去度假，你可以说几夜或者几天。例如：We’re staying three nights in Xi’an / 我们将在西安住三晚: We visited Beijing for ten days /我们将在北京玩十天。
You can describe what you think Beijing will be like during the Olympics, eg amazing / amazing : absolutely crowded / absolutely crowded.
你可以描述你想象中的奥运会期间北京的状况。例如：amazing /迷人的 : absolutely crowded /极其拥挤的。
In the Olympics, the races have different names according to their distances, eg： the one hundred metres / the one hundred metres ; the four hundred metres / the four hundred metres. Above 800 metres, you can describe the races as long distance races / long distance races, eg: the five thousand metres / the five thousand metres.
在奥运会上，按照距离的不同赛跑有不同的名称。例如one hundred metres /100米跑：the four hundred metres /400米跑。800米以上的赛跑，可以称为long distance races /长跑比赛，例如the five thousand metres /5000米比赛。
You can describe sports such as football, volleyball, basketball, etc as team sports / team sports. Another way to describe other events which are not team sports is individual sports / individual sports.
你可以用team sports /团体项目来描述像足球、排球、篮球等这样的运动。描述不是团体项目的方法是individual sports /个人项目。
There are various words you can use to describe something like the Olympics, or events such as the marathon, eg: The Olympics are exciting / The Olympics are exciting. eg: The marathon is a tough race / The marathon is a tough race.
有很多的词汇可以用来描述像奥运会这样的事件，或者像马拉松这样的比赛项目。例如：The Olympics are exciting /奥运比赛将激动人心。The marathon is a tough race /马拉松是一项艰苦的比赛。
Remember the ways in which you can describe weather conditions: I hope it isn’t too hot / I hope it isn’t too hot; It’s better when it’s cooler / It’s better when it’s cooler.
记住描述天气的用语：I hope it isn’t too hot / 我希望天气别太炎热。It’s better when it’s cooler /天气凉爽会好一些。
There are various ways to describe somewhere full of people, eg: busy / busy ; crowded / crowded ; Everywhere in Beijing will be crowded / Everywhere in Beijing will be crowded. Remember also the way you can describe traffic, eg: The traffic will be really heavy / The traffic will be really heavy.
描述某处人潮拥挤有不同的方法，例如busy /热闹; crowded / 拥挤 :
Everywhere in Beijing will be crowded /北京到处都会非常拥挤。也请记住描述交通情况的用法。例如：The traffic will be really heavy /交通将相当拥挤。
When you describe something which involves the whole world, or most of the world, you can use It’s a global event.
当你描述与全世界有关或者与世界的大部分相关的事情时，你可以用global / 全球的, 例如 It’s a global event /这是一个全球的盛况。
We use the description green / green, when we describe something that is good for the environment, eg: Beijing will be a green Olympics / Beijing will be a green Olympics.
当我们描述对环境有好处的事情时我们用green /绿色的这个描述语。例如：Beijing will be a green Olympics /北京将举办绿色的奥运会。
You can describe the atmosphere / atmosphere at any event, or in any situation, eg: The atmosphere will be fantastic / The atmosphere will be fantastic : It was an exciting atmosphere at the football match / It was an exciting atmosphere at the football match.
你可以描述任何事件或者任何场合的atmosphere /气氛。例如：The atmosphere will be fantastic / 气氛会非常热烈 : It was an exciting atmosphere at the football match /足球比赛气氛非常紧张激烈。
Advertising may be described as the science of arresting human in-telligence long enough to get money from it .
Leacock Stephen, Canadian economist
广告可被视为一种长久蒙蔽人类智慧以期从中赚钱的技巧。
加拿大经济学家斯蒂芬L
You can describe them by saying: He’s my friend / He’s my friend, or He works with me / He works with me.
你可以这样描述你要介绍的人：He’s my friend / 他是我的朋友。或者He works with me / 他是我的同事。
You can describe the location by saying: It’s on the first floor / It’s on the first floor.
你可以这样描述某物的位置：It’s on the first floor /在一楼。
When we describe which floor something is on, we say: . . . on the third floor / . . . on the third floor; . . . on the second floor / . . on the second floor.
当我们描述某处在几楼时，我们说：on the third floor / . . . 在三楼; . . . on the second floor / . . 在二楼。
Remember, to describe which floor something is on, you say: . . on the second floor / . . on the second floor; . . on the fourth floor / . . on the fourth floor. We will have our meeting in an office on the fourth floor. / We have our meeting in an office on the fourth floor.
记住，要问某物在几楼，说：. . on the second floor / . . 在二楼; . . on the fourth floor / . . 在四楼. We will have our meeting in an office on the fourth floor. /我们在四楼办公室开会。
You can describe a city like Beijing, or a country like China, by saying: So many interesting things and places. / So many interesting things and places.
你可以这样描述像北京这样的城市或者像中国这样的国家：there are so many interesting things and places. / 有这么多有趣的东西和地方。
There are many ways to describe places, eg beautiful / beautiful; big / big.
描述某地有多种方法，例如beautiful /漂亮的l; big / 大的。
Beijing is an exciting city / Beijing is an exciting city. You can describe a city like Beijing by using many different adjectives, eg busy / busy; big / big.
Beijing is an exciting city /北京是个令人激动的城市。你可以用很多不同的形容词来描述像北京这样的城市，如busy / 繁忙的; big / 大的。
You can describe the weather, eg: The weather is good today. / The weather is good today. Or, The weather is bad today. / The weather is bad today
.你可以描述天气情况，例如：The weather is good today. /今天天气好。或者The weather is bad today. /今天天气不好。
If you are describing somewhere like a hotel, you can say: It’s excellent / It’s excellent; It’s very central / It’s very central; It’s convenient for the shops / It’s convenient for the shops.
如果你要描述某处，比如说一家酒店， 你可以说：It’s excellent. /那里好极了。It’s very central. /它就在市中心。It’s convenient for the shops. /从那里去商店很方便。
You can describe a short distance by saying: It’s just a short walk / It’s just a short walk.
你可以这样描述一个短距离：It’s just a short walk. /只需走很短的一段路。
If you want to ask someone what their hotel is like, i.e. to describe it, you can say: What’s your hotel like? / What’s your hotel like?
如果你想问某人住的酒店是什么样的，也就是让他对酒店进行描述，你可以说：What’s your hotel like? /你住的酒店什么样？
You can describe people, or staff, by saying: They are really helpful and friendly / They are really helpful and friendly.
你可以这样描述人们或者员工：They are really helpful and friendly. /他们非常乐于助人，而且友好。
If you want to describe something approximately, you can use – About / about, e.g.: About 15 RMB / About 15 RMB; About one hour / About one hour; About 10 kilometres / About 10 kilometres.
如果你想要做大致的描述，你可以用– About / 大约, 例如: About 15 RMB / 大约15元; About one hour / 大约1小时; About 10 kilometres / 大约10公里。
You can describe traffic conditions by saying things like: There is a lot of traffic / There is a lot of traffic; It’s very busy / It’s very busy; It’s the rush hour / It’s the rush hour.
你可以这样描述交通状况：There is a lot of traffic / 交通很拥挤; It’s very busy / 交通很繁忙; It’s the rush hour / 现在是高峰时刻。
You can describe something using the superlative form of the simple adjective, e.g. It’s the oldest / It’s the oldest; It’s the best / It’s the best; It’s the biggest / It’s the biggest.
你可以用形容词的最高级来描述某事，例如It’s the oldest / 它是最古老的; It’s the best / 它是最好的; It’s the biggest / 它是最大的。
You can describe certain foods, e.g. Sichuan food, as hot and spicy / hot and spicy.
你可以这样描述某种食物的特点，例如四川菜，hot and spicy /辛辣的。
Again with numbers, you can describe large numbers by using hundreds / hundreds, or thousands / thousands, or millions / millions, e.g.: There were hundreds of people in Tian’anmen Square / There were hundreds of people in Tian’anmen Square: There were thousands at the football match / There were thousands at the football match.
再来看一下数字的说法，你可以用hundreds / 百, thousands / 千, 或者millions /百万来描述大数字, 例如: There were hundreds of people in Tian’anmen Square / 在天安门广场有成百上千的人: There were thousands at the football match / 有成千上万的人观看足球比赛。
To emphasise something when you are describing it, you can use so / so before the main descriptive adjective: e.g. It’s so big / It’s so big; It’s so hot / It’s so hot; It’s so cool / It’s so cool; It’s so expensive / It’s so expensive.
要强调你所描述的事物，可以在主要的形容词前加so / 太。例如：It’s so big / 它这么大。; It’s so hot / 天太热了; It’s so cool / 天太冷了; It’s so expensive / 这太贵了。
If you want to ask, or talk about public / national holidays, you can say: We have a holiday in October / We have a holiday in October; What holidays do you have in America? / What holidays do you have in America?
如果你想问或者谈论和公共节日/法定假日有关的事情，你可以说：We have a holiday in October / 我们在十月份有 一个假日; What holidays do you have in America? / 美国有哪些节日?
You can also describe specific holidays, e.g.: New Year and the Spring Festival are big holidays / New Year and the spring Festival are big holidays.
你也可以描述具体的假日，如：New Year and the Spring Festival are big holidays / 新年和春节是大的节日。
You can talk about your son / son or daughter / daughter and describe what they do, e.g.: My daughter is at university / my daughter is at university; My son is at school / My son is at school.
你可以谈论你的son /儿子或者daughter /女儿以及他们做什么，例如：My daughter is at university /我的女儿在上大学; My son is at school / 我的儿子在（中小学）读书。
To describe what someone is studying, or learning, you can say: She’s studying History / She’s studying History: I’m learning English / I’m learning English.
要描述某人在学什么或者研究什么，你可以说：She’s studying History / 她在学历史: I’m learning English /我在学英语。
To describe where something is accurately, use phrases to describe its position, e.g.: It’s next to the coffee shop. / It’s next to the coffee shop. It’s beside the restaurant / It’s beside the restaurant.
要精确地描述某地在何处，用下面的短语来描述它的位置，例如：It’s next to the coffee shop. / 在咖啡厅隔壁。 It’s beside the restaurant / 在餐馆旁边。
Again, to describe the position of a place, you can use phrases like next to . . . / next to . . . near . . . / near e.g.: There’s a shop near your hotel / There’s a shop near your hotel.
再次提醒大家，要描述某地的位置，用像next to . . . / 紧挨着 . . . near . . . / 在 . . . 的附近这样的短语。例如: There’s a shop near your hotel /在你的饭店附近有一家商店。
Remember the words you use to describe location or position, e.g.: near / near: Is there a bookshop near here? / Is there a bookshop near here? Is the restaurant near the hotel? / Is the restaurant near the hotel?
记住用来描述地址或者位置的短语，像near /在. . .的附近；Is there a bookshop near here? / 这附近有书店吗? Is the restaurant near the hotel? / 在饭店附近有餐馆吗?
You can describe how good something is by saying: The silk is very good quality / The silk is very good quality
你可以这样描述某物如何好：The silk is very good quality /这个丝绸质量非常好。
If you want to describe how well you know a place, such as a city, you can say: I get to know it better every time I visit / I get to know it better every time I visit.
如果你想描述你对某地非常熟悉，比如一个城市，你可以说：I get to know it better every time I visit / 我一次比一次更了解它。
美妙 [měi miào] /(adj) beautiful (when describing a work of art)/
描画 [miáo huà] /to draw/to describe/
描绘 [miáo huì] /to describe/to portray/
描摹 [miáo mó] /to describe/to portray/
描述 [miáo shù] /to describe/
描写 [miáo xiě] /to describe/to depict/to portray/
摹画 [mó huà] /describe/
写真 [xiě zhēn] /portrait/describe something accurately/
形容 [xíng róng] /describe/look or appearance/
Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution: they "look at an organic being as average looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond his comprehension."
达尔文有一句话描述那些对进化一无所知的人，他们“看有机的生命如同野人看船，好像看某种完全不能理解的东西”。
Instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitate them; we must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on the same page, and shorten or lengthen words at will.
我们不应描绘声音，我们必须造出模仿声音的词语；我们必须在同一张纸上使用不同型号和不同颜色的墨水，任意缩短或加长词语。
Certainly their descriptions of battles are confused.
他们对战斗的描述确实让人很难理解。
But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river — and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: "Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms."
但是读到一句描写战斗的诗行的注解时，则令人有点生厌，注解中说该诗描写了一名土耳其军官和一名保加利亚军官在一座桥上发生了搏斗，结果双双从桥上掉进河中——结果，诗把他们两人落水的声音和体重写在了一起：“扑通！扑通！185公斤。”
The flap over rap is not making life any easier for him. Levin has consistently defended the company's rap music on the grounds of expression.
人们对说唱音乐的焦虑并没使他的日子变得好过。莱文一向以它是一种富于表现力的演唱方式为理由来捍卫公司的说唱音乐。
In 1992, when Time Warner was under fire for releasing Ice-T's violent rap song Cop Killer, Levin described rap as lawful expression of street culture, which deserves an outlet.
1992年公司因出品Ice-T乐队狂暴的说唱歌曲《警察杀手》后备受谴责时，莱文说这是街头文化的合法表达方式，它应该有自己的宣泄途径。
"The test of any democratic society," he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column, "lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be. We won't retreat in the face of any threats."
他在《华尔街日报》一篇专栏文章中写道：“任何一个民主社会的检验不在于它能多有效地控制各种情感的表达，而在于是否给予了人们思考和表达的最广泛的自由，尽管有时这种结果会引起争论和愤怒。我们不会在任何威胁面前退却。”
Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as "steering the economy to a soft landing" or "a touch on the brakes", makes it sound like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth.
很多用来描述货币政策的词，如“引导经济软着陆”，“触动经济刹车”，听起来像是一门精确的科学。事实远非如此。
The first four chapters of Kitcher's book give a very brief introduction to evolution.
金切尔这本书的前四章简单地介绍了进化论。
At appropriate places, he introduces the criticisms of the creationists and provides answers.
作者在合适的地方引入了对创世纪论者的批评并提供了后者的回答。
In the last three chapters, he takes off his gloves and gives the creationists a good beating.
在书的后三章，他毫不客气地对创世纪论者进行了猛烈抨击。
He describes their programmes and tactics, and, for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists, the extent of their deception and distortion may come as an unpleasant surprise.
他揭露了这些人的纲领和手段，对那些不了解创世纪论者惯用手法的人来说，其欺骗和歪曲事实的程度会让他们感到气愤和吃惊。
When their basic motivation is religious, one might have expected more Christian behavior.
由于他们的基本动机是宗教，人们原本还期待他们会做出更具基督精神的作为。
Although we focus on the needs of exceptional children, we find ourselves describing their environment as well.
尽管我们关注的焦点是特殊儿童的需要，但我们发现自己也在描述他们的生活环境。
{adj: contentious, combative, disputatious, disputative, litigious} inclined or showing an inclination to dispute or disagree, even to engage in law suits
"a style described as abrasive and contentious"
"a disputatious lawyer"
"a litigious and acrimonious spirit"
{adj: describable} capable of being described
{adj: described} represented in words especially with sharpness and detail
"the vividly described wars"
{adj: descriptive} describing the structure of a language
"descriptive linguistics simply describes language"
<-> prescriptive
{adj: descriptive} serving to describe or inform or characterized by description
"the descriptive variable"
"a descriptive passage"
<-> undescriptive
{adj: distinguishing, identifying} serving to distinguish or identify a species or group
"the distinguishing mark of the species is its plumage"
"distinctive tribal tattoos"
"we were asked to describe any identifying marks or distinguishing features"
{adj: elusive} difficult to describe
"a haunting elusive odor"
{adj: fleshy, heavy, overweight} usually describes a large person who is fat but has a large frame to carry it
{adj: graphic} describing nudity or sexual activity in graphic detail
"graphic sexual scenes"
{adj: ill-defined, unclear} poorly stated or described
"he confuses the reader with ill-defined terms and concepts"
<-> well-defined
{adj: indefinable, undefinable} not capable of being precisely or readily described; not easily put into words
"an indefinable feeling of terror"
"an abstract concept that seems indefinable"
{adj: matter-of-fact, prosaic} not fanciful or imaginative
"local guides describe the history of various places in matter-of-fact tones"
"a prosaic and unimaginative essay"
{adj: undescriptive} not successful in describing
<-> descriptive
{adj: unprofessional} not characteristic of or befitting a profession or one engaged in a profession
"described in unprofessional language so that high school students could understand it"
"was censured for unprofessional conduct"
"unprofessional repairs"
<-> professional
{adj: well-defined, clear} accurately stated or described
"a set of well-defined values"
<-> ill-defined
{adv: disparagingly, slightingly} in a disparaging manner
"these mythological figures are described disparagingly as belonging `only to a story'"
{adv: graphically} in a graphic way
"he described the event graphically"
{adv: luridly} in a lurid manner
"it was luridly described in the book as the place where mystics took refuge"
{adv: on paper, in theory} as described in contrast to as practiced
"on paper, this looks like a good idea"
{adv: picturesquely} in a picturesque manner
"in the building trade such a trader is picturesquely described as a `brass plate' merchant"
{adv: pit-a-pat, pitty-patty, pitty-pat, pitter-patter} describing a rhythmic beating
"his heart went pit-a-pat"
{adv: pompously} in a pompous manner
"he pompously described his achievements"
{adv: scurrilously} in a scurrilously manner
"one paper scurrilously described how Edward was neglecting a bereaved mother to dance attendance on Wally"
{adv: so far, thus far, up to now, hitherto, heretofore, as yet, yet, til now, until now} used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time
"So far he hasn't called"
"the sun isn't up yet"
{adv: so} in a manner that facilitates
"he observed the snakes so he could describe their behavior"
"he stooped down so he could pick up his hat"
{adv: telegraphically, tersely} in a short and concise manner
"a particular bird, exactly and tersely described in the book of birds"
{adv: vivaciously} with vivacity
"he describes his adventures vivaciously"
{adv: vividly} in a vivid manner
"he described his adventures vividly"
{n: Acts of the Apostles, Acts} a New Testament book describing the development of the early church from Christ's Ascension to Paul's sojourn at Rome
{n: Arabidopsis thaliana, mouse-ear cress} a small invasive self-pollinating weed with small white flowers; much studied by plant geneticists; the first higher plant whose complete genome sequence was described
{n: Bayes' theorem} (statistics) a theorem describing how the conditional probability of a set of possible causes for a given observed event can be computed from knowledge of the probability of each cause and the conditional probability of the outcome of each cause
{n: Bruce, David Bruce, Sir David Bruce} Australian physician and bacteriologist who described the bacterium that causes undulant fever or brucellosis (1855-1931)
{n: Butler, Samuel Butler} English novelist who described a fictitious land he called Erewhon (1835-1902)
{n: Chopin, Kate Chopin, Kate O'Flaherty Chopin} United States writer who described Creole life in Louisiana (1851-1904)
{n: Communist Manifesto} a socialist manifesto written by Marx and Engels (1842) describing the history of the working-class movement according to their views
{n: Crohn, Burrill Bernard Crohn} United States physician who specialized in diseases of the intestines; he was the first to describe regional ileitis which is now known as Crohn's disease (1884-1983)
{n: Dante, Dante Alighieri} an Italian poet famous for writing the Divine Comedy that describes a journey through hell and purgatory and paradise guided by Virgil and his idealized Beatrice (1265-1321)
{n: Das Kapital, Capital} a book written by Karl Marx (1867) describing his economic theories
{n: De Quincey, Thomas De Quincey} English writer who described the psychological effects of addiction to opium (1785-1859)
{n: Dies Irae} the first words of a medieval Latin hymn describing the Last Judgment (literally `day of wrath')
{n: Down, John L. H. Down} English physician who first described Down's syndrome (1828-1896)
{n: Egyptian Empire, Egypt} an ancient empire west of Israel; centered on the Nile River and ruled by a Pharaoh; figured in many events described in the Old Testament
{n: Emile} the boy whose upbringing was described by Jean-Jacques Rousseau
{n: Erewhon} a satirical novel written by Samuel Butler (1872) describing a fictitious land
{n: Fallopius, Gabriele Fallopius, Fallopio, Gabriello Fallopio} Italian anatomist who first described the Fallopian tubes (1523-1562)
{n: Fallot, Etienne-Louis Arthur Fallot} French physician who described cardiac anomalies including Fallot's tetralogy (1850-1911)
{n: Fountain of Youth} a fountain described in folk tales as able to make people young again
"Ponce de Leon discovered Florida while searching for the Fountain of Youth"
{n: Frisch, Otto Frisch, Otto Robert Frisch} British physicist (born in Austria) who with Lise Meitner recognized that Otto Hahn had produced a new kind of nuclear reaction which they named nuclear fission; Frisch described the explosive potential of a chain nuclear reaction (1904-1979)
{n: Galois, Evariste Galois} French mathematician who described the conditions for solving polynomial equations; was killed in a duel at the age of 21 (1811-1832)
{n: Gay-Lussac, Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac} French chemist and physicist who first isolated boron and who formulated the law describing the behavior of gases under constant pressure (1778-1850)
{n: Gordimer, Nadine Gordimer} South African novelist and short-story writer whose work describes the effects of apartheid (born in 1923)
{n: Grimm, Jakob Grimm, Jakob Ludwig Karl Grimm} the older of the two Grimm brothers remembered best for their fairy stories; also author of Grimm's law describing consonant changes in Germanic languages (1785-1863)
{n: Harvey, William Harvey} English physician and scientist who described the circulation of the blood; he later proposed that all animals originate from an ovum produced by the female of the species (1578-1657)
{n: Hero, Heron, Hero of Alexandria} Greek mathematician and inventor who devised a way to determine the area of a triangle and who described various mechanical devices (first century)
{n: Hesiod} Greek poet whose existing works describe rural life and the genealogies of the gods and the beginning of the world (eighth century BC)
{n: Hodgkin, Thomas Hodgkin} English physician who first described Hodgkin's disease (1798-1866)
{n: Hoyle, Fred Hoyle, Sir Fred Hoyle} an English astrophysicist and advocate of the steady state theory of cosmology; described processes of nucleosynthesis inside stars (1915-2001)
{n: Huntington, George Huntington} United States physician who first described Huntington's chorea
{n: Hutton, James Hutton} Scottish geologist who described the processes that have shaped the surface of the earth (1726-1797)
{n: I Maccabees, 1 Maccabees} an Apocryphal book describing the life of Judas Maccabaeus
{n: II Maccabees, 2 Maccabees} an Apocryphal book describing the life of Judas Maccabaeus
{n: Iliad} a Greek epic poem (attributed to Homer) describing the siege of Troy
{n: International Wanted Notice, Red Notice} an Interpol notice describing a wanted person and asking that he or she be arrested with a view to extradition; a wanted notice that is issued by Interpol at the request of an Interpol member country and distributed to all member countries
"an Interpol Red Notice is the closest instrument to an international arrest warrant in use today"
{n: Jones, Casey Jones, John Luther Jones} United States railroad engineer who died trying to stop his train from crashing into another train; a friend wrote a famous ballad describing the incident (1864-1900)
{n: Joshua, Josue, Book of Joshua} a book in the Old Testament describing how Joshua led the Israelites into Canaan (the Promised Land) after the death of Moses
{n: Klinefelter, Harry F. Klinefelter, Harry Fitch Kleinfelter} United States physician who first described the XXY-syndrome (born in 1912)
{n: Meniere, Prosper Meniere} French otologist who first described a form of vertigo now known as Meniere's disease and identified the semicircular canals as the site of the lesion (1799-1862)
{n: Milton, John Milton} English poet; remembered primarily as the author of an epic poem describing humanity's fall from grace (1608-1674)
{n: Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, MMPI} a self-report personality inventory consisting of 550 items that describe feelings or actions which the person is asked to agree with or disagree with; many scales estimating traits and qualities of personality have been developed using MMPI items
{n: Morrison, Toni Morrison, Chloe Anthony Wofford} United States writer whose novels describe the lives of African-Americans (born in 1931)
{n: Odysseus} (Greek mythology) a famous mythical Greek hero; his return to Ithaca after the siege of Troy was described in the Odyssey
{n: Odyssey} a Greek epic poem (attributed to Homer) describing the journey of Odysseus after the fall of Troy
{n: Onychophora, class Onychophora} enigmatic small elongated wormlike terrestrial invertebrates of damp dark habitats in warm regions; distinct from the phylum Annelida; resemble slugs with legs and are sometimes described as the missing link between arthropods and annelids
{n: Reiter, Hans Conrad Julius Reiter} German bacteriologist who described a disease now known as Reiter's syndrome and who identified the spirochete that causes syphilis in humans (1881-1969)
{n: Sue, Eugene Sue} French writer whose novels described the sordid side of city life (1804-1857)
{n: Synoptic Gospels, Synoptics} the first three Gospels which describe events in Christ's life from a similar point of view
{n: Utopia} a book written by Sir Thomas More (1516) describing the perfect society on an imaginary island
{n: Vernier, Paul Vernier} French mathematician who described the vernier scale (1580-1637)
{n: Willebrand, von Willebrand, E. A. von Willebrand, Erik von Willebrand, Erik Adolf von Willebrand} Finnish physician who first described vascular hemophilia (1870-1949)
{n: ablative, ablative case} the case indicating the agent in passive sentences or the instrument or manner or place of the action described by the verb
{n: address} a sign in front of a house or business carrying the conventional form by which its location is described
{n: allegory} an expressive style that uses fictional characters and events to describe some subject by suggestive resemblances; an extended metaphor
{n: apophatism} the religious belief that God cannot be known but is completely `other' and must be described in negative terms (in terms of what God is not)
<-> cataphatism, doctrine of analogy
{n: appearance} a mental representation
"I tried to describe his appearance to the police"
{n: attractor, attracter} (physics) a point in the ideal multidimensional phase space that is used to describe a system toward which the system tends to evolve regardless of the starting conditions of the system
{n: average, norm} a statistic describing the location of a distribution
"it set the norm for American homes"
{n: card catalog, card catalogue} a library catalog in which each publication is described on a separate file card
{n: cartesian plane} a plane in which all points can be described in cartesian coordinates
{n: case} a person requiring professional services
"a typical case was the suburban housewife described by a marriage counselor"
{n: character, reference, character reference} a formal recommendation by a former employer to a potential future employer describing the person's qualifications and dependability
"requests for character references are all to often answered evasively"
{n: characterization, characterisation} the act of describing distinctive characteristics or essential features
"the media's characterization of Al Gore as a nerd"
{n: charge, complaint} (criminal law) a pleading describing some wrong or offense
"he was arrested on a charge of larceny"
{n: color, colour} the appearance of objects (or light sources) described in terms of a person's perception of their hue and lightness (or brightness) and saturation
{n: complex, coordination compound} a compound described in terms of the central atom to which other atoms are bound or coordinated
{n: consuetudinary, consuetudinal} a manual describing the customs of a particular group (especially the ceremonial practices of a monastic order)
{n: continental drift} the gradual movement and formation of continents (as described by plate tectonics)
{n: cosmography} the science that maps the general features of the universe; describes both heaven and earth (but without encroaching on geography or astronomy)
{n: degree of freedom} one of the minimum number of parameters needed to describe the state of a physical system
{n: description} the act of describing something
{n: direction, instruction} a message describing how something is to be done
"he gave directions faster than she could follow them"
{n: dystopia} a work of fiction describing an imaginary place where life is extremely bad because of deprivation or oppression or terror
{n: eccentricity} (geometry) a ratio describing the shape of a conic section; the ratio of the distance between the foci to the length of the major axis
"a circle is an ellipse with zero eccentricity"
{n: explanation, account} a statement that makes something comprehensible by describing the relevant structure or operation or circumstances etc.
"the explanation was very simple"
"I expected a brief account"
{n: eyewitness} a spectator who can describe what happened
{n: field guide} a guidebook describing natural objects of some type that might be encountered in the field
"a field guide to mushrooms"
{n: form, word form, signifier, descriptor} the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something
"the inflected forms of a word can be represented by a stem and a list of inflections to be attached"
{n: future perfect, future perfect tense} a perfective tense used to describe action that will be completed in the future
"`I will have finished' is an example of the future perfect"
{n: generative grammar} (linguistics) a type of grammar that describes syntax in terms of a set of logical rules that can generate all and only the infinite number of grammatical sentences in a language and assigns them all the correct structural description
{n: gestalt} a configuration or pattern of elements so unified as a whole that it cannot be described merely as a sum of its parts
{n: historical present} the use of the present tense to describe past actions or states
{n: iron curtain} an impenetrable barrier to communication or information especially as imposed by rigid censorship and secrecy; used by Winston Churchill in 1946 to describe the demarcation between democratic and communist countries
{n: job-control language} a problem-oriented language used to describe job requirements to an operating system
{n: law, law of nature} a generalization that describes recurring facts or events in nature
"the laws of thermodynamics"
{n: mental picture, picture, impression} a clear and telling mental image
"he described his mental picture of his assailant"
"he had no clear picture of himself or his world"
"the events left a permanent impression in his mind"
{n: metadata} data about data
"a library catalog is metadata because it describes publications"
{n: metalanguage} a language that can be used to describe languages
{n: metarule} a rule that describes how other rules should be used (as in AI)
{n: narration, recital, yarn} the act of giving an account describing incidents or a course of events
"his narration was hesitant"
{n: nonlinear system} a system whose performance cannot be described by equations of the first degree
{n: nonresident} someone who does not live in a particular place
"described by an admiring nonresident as a green and pleasant land"
<-> resident
{n: orbit, celestial orbit} the (usually elliptical) path described by one celestial body in its revolution about another
"he plotted the orbit of the moon"
{n: paper} a scholarly article describing the results of observations or stating hypotheses
"he has written many scientific papers"
{n: past progressive, past progressive tense} a progressive tense used to describe on-going action in the past
"`I had been running' is an example of the past progressive"
{n: perfective, perfective tense, perfect, perfect tense} a tense of verbs used in describing action that has been completed (sometimes regarded as perfective aspect)
{n: phase space} (physics) an ideal space in which the coordinate dimensions represent the variables that are required to describe a system or substance
"a multidimensional phase space"
{n: progressive, progressive tense, imperfect, imperfect tense, continuous tense} a tense of verbs used in describing action that is on-going
{n: refinement, elaboration} the result of improving something
"he described a refinement of this technique"
{n: report, study, written report} a written document describing the findings of some individual or group
"this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale"
{n: roadbook} a guidebook describing the roads of a country; contains maps and (sometimes) a gazetteer
{n: rockabilly} a fusion of black music and country music that was popular in the 1950s; sometimes described as blues with a country beat
{n: rule, linguistic rule} (linguistics) a rule describing (or prescribing) a linguistic practice
{n: search warrant} a warrant authorizing law enforcement officials to search for objects or people involved in the commission of a crime and to produce them in court; the warrant describes the locations where the officials may search
{n: self-report personality inventory, self-report inventory} a personality inventory in which a person is asked which of a list of traits and characteristics describe her or him or to indicate which behaviors and hypothetical choices he or she would make
{n: software documentation, documentation} program listings or technical manuals describing the operation and use of programs
{n: sound law} a law describing sound changes in the history of a language
{n: sports announcer, sportscaster, sports commentator} an announcer who reads sports news or describes sporting events
{n: syntax language} a language used to describe the syntax of another language
{n: technocracy} a form of government in which scientists and technical experts are in control
"technocracy was described as that society in which those who govern justify themselves by appeal to technical experts who justify themselves by appeal to scientific forms of knowledge"
{n: theory of dissociation, theory of electrolytic dissociation, Arrhenius theory of dissociation} (chemistry) theory that describes aqueous solutions in terms of acids (which dissociate to give hydrogen ions) and bases (which dissociate to give hydroxyl ions); the product of an acid and a base is a salt and water
{n: transformation} a rule describing the conversion of one syntactic structure into another related syntactic structure
{n: type genus} (biology) genus from which the name of a family or subfamily is formed; it is not necessarily the most representative genus but often the largest or best known or earliest described
{n: utopia} a work of fiction describing a utopia
{n: wave equation} a differential equation that describes the passage of harmonic waves through a medium
{v: actualize, actualise} represent or describe realistically
{v: compare, liken, equate} consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous
"We can compare the Han dynasty to the Romans"
"You cannot equate success in financial matters with greed"
{v: delineate} describe in vivid detail
{v: describe, depict, draw} give a description of
"He drew an elaborate plan of attack"
{v: identify, discover, key, key out, distinguish, describe, name} identify as in botany or biology, for example
{v: qualify, characterize, characterise} describe or portray the character or the qualities or peculiarities of
"You can characterize his behavior as that of an egotist"
"This poem can be characterized as a lament for a dead lover"
{v: report, describe, account} to give an account or representation of in words
"Discreet Italian police described it in a manner typically continental"
{v: represent} describe or present, usually with respect to a particular quality
"He represented this book as an example of the Russian 19th century novel"
{v: salivate} produce saliva
"We salivated when he described the great meal"
{v: sketch, outline, adumbrate} describe roughly or briefly or give the main points or summary of
"sketch the outline of the book"
"outline his ideas"
{v: trace, draw, line, describe, delineate} make a mark or lines on a surface
"draw a line"
"trace the outline of a figure in the sand"
His writings include Season of Migration to the North, and the collection of a short novel and stories titled The Wedding of Zein(1978), from which " A Handful of Dates " was taken.
他的作品包括《向北方迁移的季节》和一本名为《札因的婚礼》（ 1978）的短篇小说与故事集。故事《一把椰枣》就出自此集，
This story describes a boy's reaction to the discovery that his grandfather's business practices conflict with the teaching of the Koran, the sacred book of Islam, which Muslims believe contain the divine teaching revealed to the prophet Muhammed.
它描绘了一个男孩在发现祖父的生意与《古兰经》的教义相违背时的反应。《古兰经》是伊斯兰教的圣书，穆斯林们相信它包含有种安拉呈示给先知穆罕拉德的神圣教义。
The attraction starts off quietly enough with audiences herded into an auditorium and addressed by a sugar-sweet American woman who can laugh at herself and the audience while describing everything as " super ".
这部引人入胜的电影随着观众们被集中在一起带进放映大厅和一位长相甜美的美国女郎向他们讲话而悄悄开始。这位女郎在把一切都形容为 "顶呱呱 "时，她自己和观众都会笑出声来。
And the " city of marble.... paved with emeralds ", as English art historian John Ruskin described it, welcomed the travelers with open arms.
况且，正如英国艺术史学家约翰·拉斯金所描写的那样，这座 "大理石的城市……用翠玉铺路 "，张开双臂欢迎游客。
It describes the lead-gray sky pressing down upon us. It describes the fire smoldering in the hearth, mysteriously seeming to suck every bit of warmth out of the bleak, dank room.
它描绘出压抑着我们的铅灰色的天；描绘出似乎将凄凉、阴湿的房间里的每一点温暖都不可思议地吸走了的壁炉里闷燃着的火。
But most of all it describes my spirit.
然而，最主要的是，它描绘出我的心情。
" There you are with Daddy where the President was describing the Great Seal.... "
"这是你和你的爸爸在美国总统谋划国家大事的地方的合影…… "
" I love symbols ! " Dr. Brock exclaimed, and he described with gusto the joys of weaving them through his work.
"我爱象征！ "布罗克医生大声说，并热情洋溢地描述了把它编进作品中的喜悦之情。
The South Korean economy is on the mend after a period described as one of the worst since the Korean war.
南韩的经济在经历了被描述为自朝鲜战争以来最糟的时期之一后，正在逐步复苏。
It's having a front-row seat at the making of history, says Bell--although he did describe the members of his profession who cover wars as " licensed idiots ".
贝尔说，在创造历史时，新闻记者始终处于头排的位置－尽管他确实描述过他的同行中有些人在报道战争时像是 "持有执照的傻瓜 "。
There is no possible way of describing what you have seen.
你没法描述你亲眼所见到的情况。
Padre Pio's hospital, the House for the Relief of Suffering, benefited greatly from this, as did the little town of San Giovanni Rotondo, which has since been described as a religious LasVegas, with hotels, relics and kitsch galore.
帕特尔·皮奥的医院，即赈济苦难院，就像圣吉奥凡尼罗顿多小镇那样，从中受益匪浅。那个小镇被描绘成宗教的拉斯韦加斯，拥有许多旅馆、圣者遗物和庸俗的艺术品。
Markham told Jane that at a party the night before she had heard about a medical article in Reader's Digest that described a successful operation on a spinal cord tumor.
她告诉简，前一天晚上她参加一个晚会，听说《读者文摘》上刊登了一篇记载有关脊髓肿瘤切除手术成功的医学文章。
It describes the bizarre Fayed menage.
它描述了古怪的法耶德家族。
The Italian actor Roberto Benigni has been described as Italy's Charlie Chaplin, but his recent internationally successful film Life is Beautiful has a serious settings.
意大利男演员罗伯托·贝尼尼被描述成意大利的查理.卓别林，但他最近在国际影坛大获成功的影片《美丽人生》却有着严肃的背景。
Barry Goldwater described the versions as a " half-Johnson " or a " full-Johnson ".
巴里·戈德华特把他这种握手形式描述成 "半约翰逊式 "或 "全约翰逊式 "。
Sign on to IWIN( I Want Information Now), where all Schwab's portfolios are described in detail.
登录 IWIN （即我现在需要信息），在那里可以找到嘉信理财提供的各种内容详尽的文字资料。
The executive described his company's benefits and opportunities.
参加面试的公司高级主管很想招收这位学生。
" When you 're in the boat and 10,000 pounds of whale comes up beside you and breathes, soaking you with the moisture from his blowhole, it gives you a feeling so special it's hard to describe, " says Vinick.
当你坐在船上，那只体重达一万镑的鲸鱼游到你身边，一边大声喘气，一边将喷水孔中喷出的海水洒在你身上，你心中会产生一种难以名状的异样感觉，维尼克说。
Future Internet use is commonly described as being 50% U.S., 40% Europe, 5% Japan and Korea, and 5% the rest of the world.
对未来的互联，通常被描述成 50%的使用是在美国， 40%在欧洲， 5%在日本和韩国，最后的 5%才在世界其他地方。
Since 1906, when German physician Alois Alzheimer described the degenerative brain disorder bearing his name, doctors have argued about what exactly causes the disease.
自德国医生阿洛斯·阿耳茨海默 1906年描述那后来以他的名字命名的早老性痴呆症以来，医生们一直未能就该病的起因达成一致意见。
Some heart-attack victims describe a sudden, overwhelming sense of doom or feel pain under their scapula.
有些心脏病患者讲，有时还会突然产生一强烈的沮丧感，或者感到肩胛骨下部疼痛。
The annual ISI report describes the ability of nations to access and effectively take advantage of information and information technology.
ISI 的年度报告描述各个国家取得和有效利用信息及信息技术的能力。
The society's judges awarded him a silver medal-and five years later a gold medal - for a wine they described with tepid enthusiasm as having " much the odor and flavor of ordinary claret. "
协会的评酒员授予他一枚银质奖章──五年后又授予金质奖章──并不冷不热地称赞这种酒具有法国波尔多地区普通干红葡萄酒的芳香和口味。
They describe their next film as a crazy and stupid comedy called Heart of Love.
他们的下一部影片名为《心爱》，是一部疯狂而愚蠢的喜剧。
Terms like " staggering " and " explosive " are commonly used to describe Europe's market potential.
令人震惊的、爆炸性的这类字眼一般均用来描述欧洲品牌特许市场的潜力。
PRINCE OF PEEVES Few perceive Los Angeles as " a breath of fresh air ", however Prince Edward, Queen Elizabeth's youngest son, described it so while visiting LA to drum up business for his fledgling TV company.
让人恼火的王子很少有人会认为洛杉矶给人耳目一新的感觉，但是伊丽莎白女王的小儿子爱德华王子在洛杉矶为自己成立不久的电视公司兜揽生意时，却用这句话来形容这座城市。
But I 'm simply describing the cheaper Palm here, which misses the genius of the Handspring: the Visor has a data port, called Springboard, that allows you to plug in an array of different devices converting the thing into a cell phone, pager, global positioning device, universal remote, MP3 player and more.
在这里我只介绍最便宜的 Palm 掌上机，它不具备 Handspring 的天才发明特征： Visor 有一个数据端口，叫做 Springboard ，它可以使你插入一组不同的器件，可以转换成为移动电话、寻呼机、全球定位系统、通用远程通信器、 MP3播放器以及其它的东西。
He wanted to describe ordinary human beings; he wanted to speculate on their dilemmas rationally (and, unfortunately, even schematically); and he wanted to record precisely the material universe.
他意欲描绘普通人；他意欲理性地对其困境作出思辩（且不幸得很，甚至按先验图式的手法来进行）；他意欲精确无误地记录物质宇宙。
She describes phenomena and provides materials for a judgment about society and social issues; it is the reader's work to put the observations together and understand the coherent point of view behind them.
读者的职责是将各种观察连结起来，并力图去领悟它们背后所隐含的那个连贯的观点。
The first reports describing vent faunas proposed two possible sources of nutrition: bacterial chemosynthesis, production of food by bacteria using energy derived from chemical changes, and advection, the drifting of food materials from surrounding regions.
描绘热液口动物群的最初报告提出了两种有可能的营养物来源：细菌化学合成（bacterial chemosynthesis），即细菌利用来自化学反应的能量制造食物，以及平流（advection），即食物材料从邻近区域漂逐而至。
Others describe pillow lava as a tangled mass of cylindrical, interconnected flow lobes.
其他地质学家则将枕状溶岩描绘成一块纠结在一起的岩块，由圆柱体的、互相连结的溶岩流裂片（flow lobe）构成。
Another possible defense against rhinoviruses was proposed by Rossman, who described rhinovirus' Detailed molecular structure.
抵御鼻病毒的另一种有可能的手段由罗斯曼（Rossman）提出，他描述了鼻病毒详细的分子结构。
In the quantum field theories that describe the physics of elementary particles, the vacuum becomes somewhat more complicated.
在描述基本粒子（elementaryparticle）物理学特性的量子场论（quantum field theory）中，真空在某种程度上变得较为复杂。
American feminist activists who have been described as "solitary" and "individual theorists" were in reality connected to a movement—utopian socialism—which was already popularizing feminist ideas in Europe during the two decades that culminated in the first women's rights conference held at Seneca Falls, New York, in 1848.
有些美国女权主义活动家被描述成“离群索居的”和“单枪匹马的理论家”，她们实际上与某项运动——即乌托邦社会主义（utopian socialism）密切相联，而该项运动早就在此际的二十年当中在欧洲普及女权主义思想，并以于1848年在纽约Seneca Falls召开的第一届女权大会而臻顶点。
"The government needs to be much more thoughtful and committed to addressing these tough issues that I have described," he said.
莫里斯说，“缅甸政府必须考虑得更周全，致力于解决我提到的这些棘手问题。”
Six-nation talks on North Korea's nuclear weapons programs are continuing in Beijing in an atmosphere diplomats describe as "friendly" and "positive" - a far cry from the acrimony of the previous three rounds.
针对北韩核武器计划的六方会谈在北京继续举行，外交界人士说，会谈的气氛是“友好”和“积极”的，与前三轮会谈的紧张气氛大不相同。
Head of the Russian delegation, Deputy Foreign Minister Alexander Alexeyev, describes the North Koreans as still tough, but showing a willingness to compromise. "I consider it rather pragmatic, up to a point. It is not doctrinal," he said. "They could be tough, but still can be flexible when the necessity is, and they consider they should be flexible."
俄罗斯代表团团长、俄罗斯外交部副部长阿历克谢耶夫说，北韩仍然保持强硬立场，但显示出达成妥协的意愿。他说：“从某种程度上讲，我认为北韩方面相当实际，而不是死守教条。他们会很硬，但在必要的时候也会表现出灵活态度。而且，他们认为自己应当采取灵活立场。”
British Prime Minister Tony Blair described his talks with the Italian prime minister, Silvio Berlusconi, as "friendly and constructive". He said the two countries agreed on all the key issues and bilateral relations between Italy and the United Kingdom are in strong shape.
英国首相布莱尔说，他与意大利贝卢斯科尼的会谈是“友好和具有建设性的”。布莱尔说，英国和意大利对关键的问题都持相同的观点，两国的双边关系十分稳固。
But under questioning here, Spokesman Boucher declined to use that formulation, normally reserved for talks with close U.S. allies, saying he would describe the new forum as "regular senior-level talks."
不过在这个问题上，鲍彻没有使用“战略性对话”。“战略性对话”一般是指与美国亲近的盟国对话时使用。他说，他把美中对话叫做“定期高级别会谈”。
Jeff Lilley, resident director of the International Republican Institute's office in Bishkek, describes the situation on the ground: "We are in contact with our other colleagues who work in the NGO sector and one colleague told me that he thought he heard gunshots near his house," he said. "Outside the window where I am now we heard some marching and some clamor and then we looked around and it looked as if it was people beating shields walking down the streets with helmets on. And we really sincerely hope that this is the neighborhood militias that have been put together by the new minister in charge of security forces."
国际共和研究所驻比什凯克办公室主任杰夫·利利这样描述现场的状况：“我们和在非政府部门工作的其他同事保持着联系。一位同事告诉我说，他在他家附近听见了枪声。我也从我现在住的房子的窗子外听到了快步行走和其他喧闹的声音。我看到外面好像有人在敲打着盾牌，戴着钢盔走在街上。 我们真希望这是负责安全部队的新部长组织起来的社区民兵。”
"The ban of advertising so as not to promote smoking propaganda, publicity, sponsorship and promotion," said Vera Luiza da Costa e Silva. "Measures to raise taxes and prices. One of the most important measures that I can describe is the measure that addresses smuggling, which is a big cause of increasing availability of cigarettes with small prices and cigarettes of totally unknown origin."
她说：“广告禁令是为了阻止散播有关吸烟的宣传、公关、赞助和促销，还有一些提高税收和价格的措施。我能想到的其中最重要的措施之一是针对走私而来。目前有越来越多的价格便宜以及来路不明的香烟在市场上流动，走私是其一大原因。”
The scientists who observed the flash say it came from an isolated neutron star in the constellation Sagittarius about 50,000 light years away, the distance it takes light to travel in 50,000 years. Astronomer Andrew Fruchter of the institute that operates the Hubble Space Telescope describes a neutron star as the spinning remnant of a massive star that has collapsed into a diameter of only 20 kilometers.
观测到这次爆炸亮光的科学家说，亮光来自于人马星座的一个孤立的中子星。有大约5万光年之远，这段距离光也要走上5万年。来自操控哈伯太空望远镜机构的天文学家安德鲁·福克尔说，中子星是巨星解体后塌陷到只有20公里直径大小的旋转残骸。
He described scenes of desperation in the impromptu landing and drop zones, and said a challenge for Navy crewmen has been to avoid injuring civilians who had gone without help for an entire week.
艾伦将军描述了灾民们在直升飞机临时降落和救灾物资投放区正绝望地等待救援的情景。他说，海军救援人员面临的一个挑战就是如何避免伤害灾民们，这些灾民已经等了整整一个星期没有得到帮助了。
These officials indicate they found no evidence of wrongdoing. Some said the calls sounded like he was being too soft on the Iranians, while others described the conversations as standard diplomacy.
美国官员表示，他们没有找到任何不法行为的证据。有些官员说，电话听上去好象巴拉迪对伊朗人过于心慈手软，另外一些官员则认为，谈话符合标准的外交做法。
Mr. Ping is reportedly describing the North's request as 'urgent,' but that certain conditions are still attached. It is not clear what is new in Mr. Ping's description of North Korea's position.
据报道，让·平说北韩的要求很迫切，但仍坚持某些条件。现在还不清楚，让·平对北韩立场的描述中有哪些新意。
The enriched uranium was used in a Soviet-designed research reactor near Tashkent, described as the largest of its kind in Central Asia.
这批浓缩铀过去是在塔什干附近前苏联设计的一个研究反应堆使用的，这个反应堆被称为是中亚同类反应堆中最大的一个。
Khartoum has denied allegations that it is arming and supporting the Janjaweed, which is accused of committing violence some U.N. officials and the U.S. Congress have described as genocide.
喀土穆政府否认武装并支持阿拉伯民兵的说法。有人指责阿拉伯民兵使用暴力，联合国和美国国会把他们的暴力行动形容为种族灭绝。
0
Delirium not superimposed on dementia, so described
非并发於痴呆之谵妄
F23.1
Acute polymorphic psychotic disorder with symptoms of schizophrenia
An acute psychotic disorder in which the polymorphic and unstable clinical picture is
present, as described in F23.0; despite this instability, however, some symptoms typical
of schizophrenia are also in evidence for the majority of the time. If the schizophrenic
symptoms persist the diagnosis should be changed to schizophrenia (F20.-).
Bouffee delirante with symptoms of schizophrenia
Cycloid psychosis with symptoms of schizophrenia
有精神分裂症症状之急性多态性精神病症
一种急性精神病 ， 其多态性与不稳定性的精神病性症
状 ， 有如 F23.0 所定义者。虽然症状不稳定 ， 但典型之
精神分裂症症状大都时间均存在。若精神分裂症症
状持续 （ 超过一个月 ） ， 则诊断应该更改为精神分
裂症 (F20.-) 。
有精神分裂症症状之 bouffee delirante
有精神分裂症症状之循环性精神病症
F23.2
Acute schizophrenia-like psychotic disorder
An acute psychotic disorder in which the psychotic symptoms are comparatively stable and
justify a diagnosis of schizophrenia, but have lasted for less than about one month; the
polymorphic unstable features, as described in F23.0, are absent. If the schizophrenic
symptoms persist the diagnosis should be changed to schizophrenia (F20.-).
Acute (undifferentiated) schizophrenia
Brief schizophreniform:
. disorder
. psychosis
Oneirophrenia
Schizophrenic reaction
Excludes: organic delusional [schizophrenia-like] disorder (F06.2)
schizophreniform disorder NOS (F20.8)
急性类精神分裂性精神病症
一种急性精神病 ， 有相当稳定的精神病性症状 ， 符
合精神分裂症的诊断准则 (F20.-) ， 但持续短於一个月
。但没有 F23.0 中症状的多变性及不稳定性。若精神分
裂的症状持续 ， 诊断应该更改为精神分裂症 (F20.-)
急性 （ 未分化 ） 精神分裂症
． 短暂拟精神分裂症
． 短暂拟精神分裂性精神病症
似梦精神病症 (oneirophrenia)
精神分裂性反应
不包含 ： 器质性妄想〔类精神分裂〕症 (F06.2)
拟精神分裂症 ， 其他未明示者 (F20.8)
F30.2
Mania with psychotic symptoms
In addition to the clinical picture described in F30.1, delusions (usually grandiose) or
hallucinations (usually of voices speaking directly to the patient) are present, or the
excitement, excessive motor activity, and flight of ideas are so extreme that the subject
is incomprehensible or inaccessible to ordinary communication.
Mania with:
. mood-congruent psychotic symptoms
. mood-incongruent psychotic symptoms
Manic stupor
除了临床特徵比 F30.1 更严重外 ， 妄想 （ 通常是夸大的
） 或幻觉 （ 通常是直接与病患说话之声音 ） ， 或有
极严重之激动 ， 活动过度与极严重之意念飞跃 ， 患
者变得完全无法沟通。
躁症有 :
． 符合情感之精神病性症状
． 不符情感之精神病性症状
躁性静呆
F32.3
Severe depressive episode with psychotic symptoms
An episode of depression as described in F32.2, but with the presence of hallucinations,
delusions, psychomotor retardation, or stupor so severe that ordinary social activities
are impossible; there may be danger to life from suicide, dehydration, or starvation. The
hallucinations and delusions may or may not be mood-congruent.
Single episodes of:
. major depression with psychotic symptoms
. psychogenic depressive psychosis
. psychotic depression
. reactive depressive psychosis
有精神病性症状之重度郁症发作
符合 F32.2 重度郁症发作之状况 ， 而且有幻觉、妄想、
精神运动迟滞或郁性静呆的症状。这些症状很严重
， 以致於日常活动之执行是不可能的 ， 会因自杀、
脱水、饥饿而有死亡之可能。其幻觉与妄想与其情
感状况或相符 ， 或不符。
单次发作 ：
． 有精神病性症状之重郁症
． 精神病性郁症 (psychotic depression )
． 心因性郁性精神病症 (psychogenic depressive psychosis)
． 反应性忧郁精神病症 (reactive depressive psychosis) 〕
F33
Recurrent depressive disorder
A disorder characterized by repeated episodes of depression as described for depressive
episode (F32.-), without any history of independent episodes of mood elevation and
increased energy (mania). There may however, be brief episodes of mild mood elevation and
overactivity (hypomania) immediately after a depressive episode, sometimes precipitated by
antidepressant treatment. The more severe forms of recurrent depressive disorder (F33.2
and F33.3) have much in common with earlier concepts such as manic-depressive depression,
melancholia vital depression and endogenous depression. The first episode may occur at any
age from childhood to old age, the onset may be either acute or insidious, and the
duration varies from a few weeks to many months. The risk that a patient with recurrent
depressive disorder will have an episode of mania never disappears completely, however
many depressive episodes have been experienced. If such an episode does occur, the
diagnosis should be changed to bipolar affective disorder (F31 .-).
Includes: recurrent episodes of:
. depressive reaction
. psychogenic depression
. reactive depression
seasonal depressive disorder
Excludes: recurrent brief depressive episodes (F38.1)
复发性郁症
疾病特徵是重覆发作的郁症 (F32.-) ， 而且没有躁症如
情绪高昂、活动过度的发作病史。然而若一忧郁发
作之後 ， 立即有轻微情绪高昂与过动的短暂轻躁症
发作有时是因抗郁剂治疗忧郁症所诱发的 ， 仍要使
用此项分类。较严重之复发性郁症 (F33.2和F33.3) 与以前
躁郁性郁症 ， melancholia , 生机性郁症与内因性郁症之概
念相似。初次发作可以由孩童期到老年期之任何年
龄 ； 发作或急性或渐近性 ； 其生病期间可以是几星
期至几个月不一定。复发性郁症者会发生躁症发作
的危险性 （ 无论经验多少次的忧郁发作 ） 决不会完
全消失。若发生躁症发作应将诊断改为双相情感障
碍症 （F31.-） 。
包含 ： 重覆发作 ：
． 忧郁性反应 (depressive reaction)
． 心因性忧郁 (psychogenic depression)
． 反应性忧郁症 (reactive depression)
季节性情感障碍症 (sasonal affective disorder)(F33.0或F33.1)
不包含 ： 复发性短暂忧郁发作 (F38.1)
F33.4
Recurrent depressive disorder, currently in remission
The patient has had two or more depressive episodes as described in F33.0-F33.3, in the
past, but has been free from depressive symptoms for several months.
宽解期
过去有符合复发性郁症 (F33.0-F33.3) 的诊断 ， 但现在已有
几个月没有忧郁症状。
F34
Persistent mood [affective] disorders
Persistent and usually fluctuating disorders of mood in which the majority of the
individual episodes are not sufficiently severe to warrant being described as hypomanic or
mild depressive episodes. Because they last for many years, and sometimes for the greater
part of the patient's adult life, they involve considerable distress and disability. In
some instances, recurrent or single manic or depressive episodes may become superimposed
on a persistent affective disorder.
持久情感障碍症
这些是持续且通常会变动性的情感疾病 ， 各次发作
很少严重到可被描述为轻躁或轻忧郁发作。因为持
续数年 ， 有时持续於成人期的大部分 ， 并造成病人
相当困扰与功能障碍。然而有时候 ， 在持续性感疾
病之病程中可能会加上单一发作或复发性之躁症、
或郁症之发生。
F48.0
Neurasthenia
Considerable cultural variations occur in the presentation of this disorder, and two main
types occur, with substantial overlap. In one type, the main feature is a complaint of
increased fatigue after mental effort, often associated with some decrease in occupational
performance or coping efficiency in daily tasks. The mental fatiguability is typically
described as an unpleasant intrusion of distracting associations or recollections,
difficulty in concentrating, and generally inefficient thinking. In the other type, the
emphasis is on feelings of bodily or physical weakness and exhaustion after only minimal
effort, accompanied by a feeling of muscular aches and pains and inability to relax. In
both types a variety of other unpleasant physical feelings is common, such as dizziness,
tension headaches, and feelings of general instability. Worry about decreasing mental and
bodily well-being, irritability, anhedonia, and varying minor degrees of both depression
and anxiety are all common. Sleep is often disturbed in its initial and middle phases but
hypersomnia may also be prominent.
Fatigue syndrome
Use additional code, if desired, to identify previous physical illness.
Excludes: asthenia NOS (R53)
burn-out (Z73.0)
malaise and fatigue (R53)
postviral fatigue syndrome (G93.3)
psychasthenia (F48.8)
神经衰弱症
此疾患之出现有相当不同的文化背景因素 ， 而可见
两类 ， 但重叠性高。第一类之主要表现在精神活动
之後抱怨的疲惫感 ， 常伴随工作表现或每天日常生
活效率的减低。典型的精神疲惫状况可以时常以侵
入不愉快且不相关的联想、集中注意力困难及完全
无效率的思考等来描述。第二类即强调在稍微活动
之後 ， 发生身体衰弱及耗竭感 ， 伴随肌肉疼痛及无
法放松。这两类病况常会伴随出现其他各种身体不
舒服的感觉 ， 如头晕、紧张性头痛及全身违和的感
觉。担忧心身健康会持续下降、易怒、快乐感缺失
、及轻微程度的焦虑与忧郁等都是常见的。睡眠的
初期及中期常出障碍 ， 但可能也有过度睡眠的情况
。
疲倦徵候群
若先前有其他身体疾病 ， 可以加以标示。
不包含 ： 无力 ， 其他未明示者 （R53）
过劳 （Z73.0）
疲惫 （R53）
病毒感染後疲惫徵候群 （G93.3）
精神衰弱症 （F48.8）
F51
Nonorganic sleep disorders
In many cases, a disturbance of sleep is one of the symptoms of another disorder, either
mental or physical. Whether a sleep disorder in a given patient is an independent
condition or simply one of the features of another disorder classified elsewhere, either
in this chapter or in others, should be determined on the basis of its clinical
presentation and course as well as on the therapeutic considerations and priorities at the
time of the consultation. Generally, if the sleep disorder is one of the major complaints
and is perceived as a condition in itself, the present code should be used along with
other pertinent diagnoses describing the psychopathology and pathophysiology involved in a
given case. This category includes only those sleep disorders in which emotional causes
are considered to be a primary factor, and which are not due to identifiable physical
disorders classified elsewhere.
Excludes: sleep disorders (organic) (G47.-)
非器质性睡眠障碍症
许多病例中 ， 睡眠障碍常是他种疾病的症状表现之
一 ， 无论是精神或身体的疾病。不论病人的睡眠障
碍是单独出现 ， 或是其他疾病的症状之一 ， 诊断时
必须取决於临床表现、病程发展、治疗考虑、以及
照会时临床问题的优先顺序。一般来说 ， 如果睡眠
障碍是病人一个主诉 ， 同时被视为是重要的问题时
， 那麽除了使用其他能描述精神病理和生理病理问
题的适当诊断之外 ， F51 这个代码的诊断也应被列入
。这个诊断包含主要是由情绪因素所引起的睡眠障
碍 ， 以及其他无法证明是生理疾病引起的睡眠问题
。
不包含 ： 睡眠障碍症 （ 器质性 ） (G47.-)
F61
Mixed and other personality disorders
This category is intended for personality disorders that are often troublesome but do not
demonstrate the specific pattern of symptoms that characterize the disorders described in
F60.-. As a result they are often more difficult to diagnose than the disorders in F60.-.
Examples include:
. mixed personality disorders with features of several of the disorders in F60.- but
without a predominant set of symptoms that would allow a more specific diagnosis
. troublesome personality changes, not classifiable to F60.- or F62.-, and regarded as
secondary to a main diagnosis of a coexisting affective or anxiety disorder.
Excludes: accentuated personality traits (Z73.1)
混合型及其馀型式人格违常
这里所讨论的人格违常 ， 不同於 F60.- 各种各具特异症
状的人格违常 ， 而是较困难 ， 较麻烦的一类。与 F60
相较之下 ， 这里所讨论的人格违常较难诊断。
包含以下实例 ：
． 混合 F60 中几种人格违常的表现 ， 但无较优势之几
个症状 ， 足以归纳於某一特定人格违常疾病之诊断
。
． 较麻烦困难的人格改变 ， 并不能分类到 F60.- 或 F62.-
， 并可视之为续发於某种并存的情感性疾病或焦虑
性疾病。
不包含 ： 突显性人格特质
I25.0
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, so described
动脉粥状硬化的心脏血管疾病
I46.1
Sudden cardiac death, so described
Excludes: sudden death:
. NOS (R96.-)
. with:
. conduction disorder (I44-I45)
. myocardial infarction (I21-I22)
叙述为心脏狭死
不包含 ： 猝死 ：
． 其他未明示者 (R96.-)
． 伴有 ：
． 传导障碍 (I44-I45)
． 心肌梗塞 (I21-I22)
I51.6
Cardiovascular disease, unspecified
Cardiovascular accident NOS
Excludes:atherosclerotic cardiovascurlar disease,so described (I25.0)
未明示的心脏血管疾病
其他未明示的心脏血管的意外
不包含 ： 述为粥状硬化的心脏血管疾病 (I25.0)
Chapter X 第十章
DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM (J00-J99)
呼吸系统疾病 (J00-J99)
Note: When a respiratory condition is described as occurring
in more than one site and is not specifically indexed, it should be classified to the
lower anatomic site (e.g., tracheobronchitis to bronchitis in J40).
注 ： 当呼吸道病况发生於一个位置以上 ， 且无合适
之分类码可资使用时 ， 应该归类於较低之解剖位置
之分类码 ， 例如 ： 气管和支。气管合并发炎时 ， 应
归类於 J40 的支气管炎
Excludes: certain conditions originating in the perinatal
period (P00-P96)
certain infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99)
complications of pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium (O00-O99)
congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities (Q00-Q99)
endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (E00-E90)
injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes (S00-T98)
neoplasms (C00-D48)
symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified
(R00-R99)
不包含 ： 周产期病况 (P00-P96)
特定传染性及寄生性疾病 (A00-B99)
妊娠 ， 生产及产褥期的并发症 (O00-O99)
先天畸形、变形及染色体异常 (Q00-Q99)
内分泌、营养及新陈代谢疾病 (E00-E90)
损伤、中毒和其他特定外因性病况 (S00-T98)
肿瘤 (C00-D48)
症状、徵候及他处未归类的异常之临床与实验室所
见 (R00-R99)
R96
Other sudden death, cause unknown
Excludes: sudden:
．cardiac death, so described (I46.1)
．infant death syndrome (R95)
其他猝死 ， 原因不明
不包含 ： 下列突发性之死亡 ：
． 心因性死亡之描述 （I46.1）
． 婴儿猝死徵候群 （R95）
0
While engaged in sports activity
Physical exercise with a described functional element such as:
. golf
. jogging
. riding
. school athletics
. skiing
. swimming
. trekking
. water-skiing
当从事运动类之活动时
进行某项体育活动 ， 例如 ：
． 高尔夫球
． 慢跑
． 骑车
． 学校体育活动
． 滑雪
． 游泳
． 长途旅行
． 滑水
3.
Where transport accident descriptions do not specify the victim as being
a vehicle occupant and the victim is described as:
crushed . dragged . hit . injured . killed . knocked down . run over by any vehicle
including-animal being ridden
crushed . dragged . hit . injured . killed . knocked down . run over by any vehicle
including-animal-drawn vehicle
crushed . dragged . hit . injured . killed . knocked down . run over by any vehicle
including-bicycle
crushed . dragged . hit . injured . killed . knocked down . run over by any vehicle
including-bulldozer
crushed . dragged . hit . injured . killed . knocked down . run over by any vehicle
including-bus
crushed . dragged . hit . injured . killed . knocked down . run over by any vehicle
including-car
crushed . dragged . hit . injured . killed . knocked down . run over by any vehicle
including-motorcycle
crushed . dragged . hit . injured . killed . knocked down . run over by any vehicle
including-motorized tricycle
crushed . dragged . hit . injured . killed . knocked down . run over by any vehicle
including-pick-up (truck)
crushed . dragged . hit . injured . killed . knocked down . run over by any vehicle
including-recreational vehicle
crushed . dragged . hit . injured . killed . knocked down . run over by any vehicle
including-streetcar
crushed . dragged . hit . injured . killed . knocked down . run over by any vehicle
including-tractor
crushed . dragged . hit . injured . killed . knocked down . run over by any vehicle
including-train
crushed . dragged . hit . injured . killed . knocked down . run over by any vehicle
including-tram
crushed . dragged . hit . injured . killed . knocked down . run over by any vehicle
including-truck
crushed . dragged . hit . injured . killed . knocked down . run over by any vehicle
including-"van
classify the victim as a pedestrian (categories V01-V09).
当运输事故的叙述中 ， 并未明示受害者的角色为一
交通工具乘员 ， 且受害者被描述为 ：
压倒、拖曳、撞击、伤害、致死、撞倒、辗过被任
何交通工具包含-被骑乘之动物
压倒、拖曳、撞击、伤害、致死、撞倒、辗过被任
何交通工具包含-兽力车
压倒、拖曳、撞击、伤害、致死、撞倒、辗过被任
何交通工具包含-自行车
压倒、拖曳、撞击、伤害、致死、撞倒、辗过被任
何交通工具包含-推土机
压倒、拖曳、撞击、伤害、致死、撞倒、辗过被任
何交通工具包含-公共汽车
压倒、拖曳、撞击、伤害、致死、撞倒、辗过被任
何交通工具包含-汽车
压倒、拖曳、撞击、伤害、致死、撞倒、辗过被任
何交通工具包含-摩托车
压倒、拖曳、撞击、伤害、致死、撞倒、辗过被任
何交通工具包含-机动化叁轮车
压倒、拖曳、撞击、伤害、致死、撞倒、辗过被任
何交通工具包含-卡车
压倒、拖曳、撞击、伤害、致死、撞倒、辗过被任
何交通工具包含-娱乐用交通车
压倒、拖曳、撞击、伤害、致死、撞倒、辗过被任
何交通工具包含-有轨电车
压倒、拖曳、撞击、伤害、致死、撞倒、辗过被任
何交通工具包含-牵引机
压倒、拖曳、撞击、伤害、致死、撞倒、辗过被任
何交通工具包含-火车
压倒、拖曳、撞击、伤害、致死、撞倒、辗过被任
何交通工具包含-矿车
压倒、拖曳、撞击、伤害、致死、撞倒、辗过被任
何交通工具包含-卡车
压倒、拖曳、撞击、伤害、致死、撞倒、辗过被任
何交通工具包含-箱型车
则将受害者归类於行人 （ 类别 V01-V09 ） 。
7.
Land transport accidents described as:
collision (due to loss of control)(on highway) between vehicle and:
abutment (bridge)(overpass) are included in V17.- , V27.- , V37.- , V47.- , V57.- , V67.-
and V77.-
fallen stone are included in V17.- , V27.- , V37.- , V47.- , V57.- , V67.- and V77.-
guard rail or boundary fence are included in V17.- , V27.- , V37.- , V47.- , V57.- , V67.-
and V77.-
inter-highway divider are included in V17.- , V27.- , V37.- , V47.- , V57.- , V67.- and
V77.-
landslide (not moving) are included in V17.- , V27.- , V37.- , V47.- , V57.- , V67.- and
V77.-
object thrown in front of motor vehicle are included in V17.- , V27.- , V37.- , V47.- ,
V57.- , V67.- and V77.-
safety island are included in V17.- , V27.- , V37.- , V47.- , V57.- , V67.- and V77.-
tree are included in V17.- , V27.- , V37.- , V47.- , V57.- , V67.- and V77.-
traffic sign or marker (temporary) are included in V17.- , V27.- , V37.- , V47.- , V57.- ,
V67.- and V77.-
utility pole are included in V17.- , V27.- , V37.- , V47.- , V57.- , V67.- and V77.-
wall of cut made for road are included in V17.- , V27.- , V37.- , V47.- , V57.- , V67.-
and V77.-
other object, fixed, movable or moving are included in V17.- , V27.- , V37.- , V47.- ,
V57.- , V67.- and V77.-
overturning (without collision) are included in V18.-, V28.-, V38, V48.-, V58.-, V68.-,
and V78.-
collision with animal (herded)(unattended) are included in V10.-, V20.-, V30.-, V40.-,
V50.-, V60.- and V70.-
collision with animal-drawn vehicle or animal being ridden are included in V16.-, V26.-,
V36.-, V46.-, V56.-, V66.- and V76.-
陆路运输事故被描述为 ：
相撞 （ 肇因於失控 ） （ 在公路上 ） 发生於交通工具
和 ：
桥墩 （ 桥 ） （ 天桥 ） 包含在 V17.- ， V27.- ， V37.- ， V47.- ，
V57.- ， V67.- ， 以及 V77.-
落石包含在 V17.- ， V27.- ， V37.- ， V47.- ， V57.- ， V67.- ， 以及
V77.-
护栏或分界栅栏包含在 V17.- ， V27.- ， V37.- ， V47.- ， V57.- ，
V67.- ， 以及 V77.-
公路间的分隔岛包含在 V17.- ， V27.- ， V37.- ， V47.- ， V57.- ，
V67.- ， 以及 V77.-
坍方 （ 非正在崩坍时 ） 包含在 V17.- ， V27.- ， V37.- ， V47.-
， V57.- ， V67.- ， 以及 V77.-
从机动车辆前方抛掷而来之物体包含在 V17.- ， V27.- ，
V37.- ， V47.- ， V57.- ， V67.- ， 以及 V77.-
安全岛包含在 V17.- ， V27.- ， V37.- ， V47.- ， V57.- ， V67.- ， 以
及 V77.-
树包含在 V17.- ， V27.- ， V37.- ， V47.- ， V57.- ， V67.- ， 以及 V77.-
交通标志或号志 （ 临时的 ） 包含在 V17.- ， V27.- ， V37.- ，
V47.- ， V57.- ， V67.- ， 以及 V77.-
电线包含在 V17.- ， V27.- ， V37.- ， V47.- ， V57.- ， V67.- ， 以及
V77.-
为道路所做之墙垣包含在 V17.- ， V27.- ， V37.- ， V47.- ， V57.-
， V67.- ， 以及 V77.-
其他固定、可移动或移动中的物体包含在 V17.- ， V27.-
， V37.- ， V47.- ， V57.- ， V67.- ， 以及 V77.-
翻覆 （ 未相撞者 ） 是包含在 V18.- ， V28.- ， V38.- ， V48.- ，
V58.- ， V68.- ， 以及 V78.-
与动物 ( 有人放牧的 ) ( 无人放牧的 ) 相撞是包含在 V10.-
， V20.- ， V30.- ， V40.- ， V50.- ， V60.- ， 以及 V70.-
与兽力车或被骑乘之动物相撞是包含在 V16.- ， V26.- ，
V36.- ， V46.- ， V56.- ，V66.- ， 以及 V76.-
describing function 描述函数
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