context [ 'kɔntekst] n.上下文；来龙去脉
context ['kɔntekst] 上下文
In the context of late 19th century Italy， it was difficult to be both a practicing Christian and a political official.
在十九世纪的意大利，既想当基督徒又想从政是很难的。
In the context of the present economic crisis it seems unwise to lower government dues.
在目前经济危机的情况下，降低税金似乎是不明智的。
Can you tell the meaning of this word from its context?
你能根据上下文判断出这个词的意思吗？
The context in which a word is used can help you understand it.
单词的语境会帮助你理解词义。
This is the context in which the President must make his decision.
这一形势促使总统必须作出决定。
In most civil contexts it does not matter whether negligence is “gross” or “slight”.
在多数民事事项环境中，过失行为是否“严重”或“轻微”并不关紧要。
背景 context; background; setting; backdrop
You can use What kind of things . . . ? / What kind of things . . .? in many contexts, e.g.: What kind of things do you like to wear? / What kind of things do you like to wear? What kind of things do you like to do? / What kind of things do you like to do?
在很多情况下，你都可以使用这个句型：What kind of things . . . ? / 什么样的东西 . . .?例如：What kind of things do you like to wear? /你喜欢穿什么样的衣服？ What kind of things do you like to do? / 你喜欢做什么？
{adj: autosemantic} of a word or phrase meaningful in isolation, independent of context
{adj: contextual} relating to or determined by or in context
"contextual information"
{adj: little} small in a way that arouses feelings (of tenderness or its opposite depending on the context)
"a nice little job"
"bless your little heart"
"my dear little mother"
"a sweet little deal"
"I'm tired of your petty little schemes"
"filthy little tricks"
"what a nasty little situation"
{adj: substitutable} (of words) interchangeable in a given context without changing the import of the expression
{adv: contextually} in a manner dependent on context
{n: Firth, J. R. Firth, John Rupert Firth} English linguist who contributed to linguistic semantics and to prosodic phonology and who was noted for his insistence on studying both sound and meaning in context (1890-1960)
{n: Macowanites americanus} a small fungus with a fragile cap that cracks to expose the white context and a white stalk that is practically enclosed by the cap
{n: Planck, Max Planck, Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck} German physicist whose explanation of blackbody radiation in the context of quantized energy emissions initiated quantum theory (1858-1947)
{n: ambiguity} an expression whose meaning cannot be determined from its context
{n: antonymy} the semantic relation that holds between two words that can (in a given context) express opposite meanings
{n: biochemistry} the organic chemistry of compounds and processes occuring in organisms; the effort to understand biology within the context of chemistry
{n: business index} a statistical compilation that provides a context for economic or financial conditions
"this business index is computed relative to the base year of 1995"
{n: classifier} a word or morpheme used in some languages in certain contexts (such as counting) to indicate the semantic class in which an item belongs
{n: complementary distribution, complementation} (linguistics) a distribution of related speech sounds or forms in such a way that they only appear in different contexts
{n: concordance} an index of all main words in a book along with their immediate contexts
{n: constant} a number representing a quantity assumed to have a fixed value in a specified mathematical context
"the velocity of light is a constant"
{n: context, circumstance} the set of facts or circumstances that surround a situation or event
"the historical context"
{n: context, linguistic context, context of use} discourse that surrounds a language unit and helps to determine its interpretation
{n: deictic, deictic word} a word specifying identity or spacial or temporal location from the perspective of a speaker or hearer in the context in which the communication occurs
"words that introduce particulars of the speaker's and hearer's shared cognitive field into the message"- R.Rommetveit
{n: deixis} the function of pointing or specifying from the perspective of a participant in an act of speech or writing; aspects of a communication whose interpretation depends on knowledge of the context in which the communication occurs
{n: disambiguator} (computer science) a natural language processing application that tries to determine the intended meaning of a word or phrase by examining the linguistic context in which it is used
{n: part of speech, form class, word class} one of the traditional categories of words intended to reflect their functions in a grammatical context
{n: piracy, buccaneering} hijacking on the high seas or in similar contexts; taking a ship or plane away from the control of those who are legally entitled to it
"air piracy"
{n: polysemy, lexical ambiguity} the ambiguity of an individual word or phrase that can be used (in different contexts) to express two or more different meanings
<-> monosemy
{n: setting, scene} the context and environment in which something is set
"the perfect setting for a ghost story"
{n: sociolinguistics} the study of language in relation to its sociocultural context
{n: synchronic linguistics} the study of a language without reference to its historical context
{n: synonym, equivalent word} two words that can be interchanged in a context are said to be synonymous relative to that context
<-> antonym
{n: synonymy, synonymity, synonymousness} the semantic relation that holds between two words that can (in a given context) express the same meaning
{v: misapply, misuse} apply to a wrong thing or person ; apply badly or incorrectly
"The words are misapplied in this context"
"You are misapplying the name of this religious group"
{v: shift} move from one setting or context to another
"shift the emphasis"
"shift one's attention"
{v: take the cake} rank first ; used often in a negative context
"He takes the cake for chutzpah!"
{v: talk turkey} discuss frankly, often in a business context
Young children depend on context to pro-mote memory, and spontaneously report less.
儿童依靠环境来促进记忆，而他们能够自然表达出来的较少。
In this context, generosity has come to mean that you hurl money around like a drunken sailor.
在这种情况下，慷慨已变了味，无异于你像一个喝得烂醉的水手，向周围的人大把大把地扔钱。
Zellweger blooms in this context.
泽尔韦格因此在片中焕发出了光彩。
The multilingual site, which made its U.K. debut this month, uses psychometric testing and a search engine that understands context to match people with jobs.
这个多语网站本月在英国首次亮相，它运用心理测验法和能理解上下文的搜索引擎帮助人们找到工作。
Along with the actual products are news articles on popular sports athletes and snapshots of savvy twenty-year-olds from around the globe to give context to the clothes for sale.
此外，众多体育明星的新闻和来自全球年轻人的时尚报道赋予了商品丰富的涵义。你不仅知道 Boo.com 有什么商品，而且也知道除了你以外还有谁会上那儿购物。
But in the context of Mickey Blue Eyes it's easy to " fuhgeddaboutit. "
但是考虑到《蓝眼睛米基》的故事情节，我们不妨忘掉它。
One meaning of intelligence is the way in which these images and other alertly searched information are used in the context of previous experience.
智力的一个含义是指这样一种方式，即生物体是否能按此方式将这些形象以及其它各种敏捷地捕捉到的信息应用于先前经验的各种相关情景之中。
The reason for this lies, of course, in the narrow fixation of the computing machine's "intelligence" on the details of its own perceptions—its inability to be guided by any large context.
无庸置疑，这一现象的原因在于计算机的“智能”过于狭隘地集中在其自身感知的细节上——即它无法接受任何较广泛的背景的指导。
The question, central to the scientific investigation but intensely disturbing in the mathematical context—what happens if the axioms are relaxed?—is thereby ignored.
那个对于科学调研至关重要但在数学背景中令人极为不安的问题——倘若这些公理并不严密的话将会发生怎样的后果？——因而就被回避忽略了。
Psychohistory does not merely use psychological explanations in historical contexts.
将心理解释应用于史学研究的领域，这并不仅局限于心理史学。
But before Wagner a secular outlook that analyzed Black poetry solely within the context of political and social protest was dominant in the field.
但在瓦格纳之前，一种将黑人诗歌仅仅置于政治以及社会抗议这一背景当中来进行分析的世俗观点在这一领域中占据了主导地位。
Such a "sociodemographic" approach tends to regard assimilation as a benign process, taking for granted increased economic advantage and inevitable cultural integration, in a supposedly egalitarian context.
这样一种“社会人口学”方法倾向于将同化视作一良性过程，将经济优势的增加以及在一个所谓平等的环境中不可避免的文化一体化视为理所当然。
"Obviously, there are other aspects of the elections which the Iraqi government will have to take care of, particularly the context in which the elections are held," he said. "Security, political environment, and the efforts which we are helping them on to try and pull into the process those who are outside the process, make it as inclusive as possible. The more inclusive the process, the likelier that the results will not be contested."
安南说，“很明显，伊拉克政府必须处理好选举其他方面的事宜，特别是举行选举的社会环境。我们正在安全、政治环境和其他工作上帮助他们，把那些选举程序之外的人纳入这个进程，让选举尽可能范围广泛。选举进程越具有包容性，选举结果的争议性就会越小。”
On the subject of government-to-government contacts, September 11 Commission's Deputy Executive Director Christopher Kojm advocated creating a forum for regular consultation between Western and Muslim governments. He also gave an impassioned plea for a renewed U.S. commitment to improving relations with allies and international partners. "Whether it is military cooperation, law enforcement, aviation security - we are going to have to work with other governments. It all takes place in the context of the overall relationship that we have with governments. And if we do not have a relationship of trust and cooperation with key international partners, these other forms of cooperation in sector-specific areas will not happen," he said.
就国与国之间的接触来说，9-11事件调查委员会副主席科基姆则建议：在西方国家和穆斯林国家之间建立一个进行正常磋商的“论坛”。他还令人印象深刻的“请求”美国政府做出新的承诺：改善美国和盟国以及国际夥伴的关系。他说：“不论是军事上，执法方面还是航空安全方面，我们都必须和其他国家的政府协作，都是在我们和其他国家政府之间的关系上进行的。如果我们和国际夥伴之间没有那种相互信任的合作关系，那么在其它什么特定领域里就不可能有任何形式的合作。”
Mood [affective] disorders (F30-F39)
This block contains disorders in which the fundamental disturbance is a change in affect
or mood to depression (with or without associated anxiety) or to elation. The mood change
is usually accompanied by a change in the overall level of activity; most of the other
symptoms are either secondary to, or easily understood in the context of, the change in
mood and activity. Most of these disorders tend to be recurrent and the onset of
individual episodes can often be related to stressful events or situations.
情感疾病 （F30-F39）
本节包含基本障碍是情感改变的疾病 ， 情感或忧郁
（ 同时或有或无焦虑 ） 或高昂。情感的改变均同时
有整体活动量的改变。其伴随的大多数症状都是情
绪及活动变化而来。这些疾病有复发的倾向 ， 通常
每次发作与压力事件或情境相关。
F91.0
Conduct disorder confined to the family context
Conduct disorder involving dissocial or aggressive behaviour (and not merely oppositional,
defiant, disruptive behaviour), in which the abnormal behaviour is entirely, or almost
entirely, confined to the home and to interactions with members of the nuclear family or
immediate household. The disorder requires that the overall criteria for F91.-be met; even
severely disturbed parent-child relationships are not of themselves sufficient for
diagnosis.
局限於家庭之行为规范障碍症
这一类行为规范障碍症包含反社会化或攻击行为 （
并非只是反抗 ， 叛逆 ， 干扰性行为 ） ， 这些异常行
为完全或几乎完全局限於家庭及 ／ 或与核心家庭成
员的互动上 ， 而且要完全符合 F 9 1 的诊断条件。即使
是很严重的亲子关系障碍也不能当作这个诊断的充
分条件。
F91.2
Socialized conduct disorder
Disorder involving persistent (lissocial or aggressive behaviour (meeting the overall
criteria for F91.- and not merely comprising oppositional, defiant, disruptive behaviour)
occurring in individuals who are generally well integrated into their peer group.
Conduct disorder, group type
Group delinquency
Offences in the context of gang membership
Stealing in company with others
Truancy from school
社会化行为规范障碍症
这类诊断应用於与其同侪团体有整合性关系的儿童
， 而出现持续异规性或攻击性行为 （ 须完全符合 F91
的诊断标准 ， 而且不只是包含反抗 ， 对立 ， 破坏性
行为 ）
群体性行为规范障碍症
集团犯罪
帮派成员之攻击行为
集体偷窃
逃学
context effect 前后（序列）效应，邻近（序列）效应
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