cause [ kɔ:z] n.原因，理由；事业
cause [kɔ:z] n. 原因,起因 vt. 促使,引起,使发生
cause [kɔ:z] 原因
帮倒忙 trying to help but causing more trouble in the process
预防为主,谁污染谁治理和强化环境管理三大政策 three major principles for environment control: to put prevention first, to hold those who cause pollution responsible for cleaning up and to improve environmental protection and management
Apologize for any inconvenience caused during building operation
对施工期间带来的不便表示歉意。
We apologize for any inconvenience caused during this works
对施工期间引起的不便表示歉意。
absence without reasonable cause
没有合理因由而擅离职守
Environmental experts point out that increasing pollution not only causes serious problems such as global warming but also could threaten to end human life on our planet.
环境学家指出：持续增加的污染不仅会导致像全球变暖这样严重的问题，而且还将威胁到人类在这个星球的生存。
This issue has caused wide public concern.
这个问题已经引起了广泛关注。
The problem of international tourism has caused wide public concern over the recent years.
近些年，国际旅游的问题引起了广泛关注。
This phenomenon has caused wide public concern in many places of world.
这一现象在全世界许多地方已引起了广泛关注。
There is a growing tendency these days for many people who live in rural areas to come into and work in city. This problem has caused wide public concern in most cities all over the world.
农民进城打工正成为增长的趋势，这一问题在世界上大部分城市已引起普遍关注。
Most important of all, apart from their hometown and parents, students couldn't catch sight of any familiar face and have to suffer from homelessness, which can cause certain serious mental disease.
更重要的是，离开了家乡和父母，看不到任何熟悉的面孔，他们不得不忍受思家之苦，这可能会导致严重的精神疾病。
Furthermore, people who addict to fashion clothes have to spend more time going shopping and pay more attention to the impression they make on others. As a result, it is impossible to devote enough time and energy in their study and job.
而且，沉湎于时尚服装的人们不得不花费更多时间逛商店，更加注意自己给别人的印象。因此，他们不可能有足够的时间用于学习或工作。 112a. No one can doubt the essential fact that the traffic problem over the last years has caused wide public concern all over the world. Experts in increasing numbers are beginning to believe that such situation would produce unfavorable effects on economic growth of local areas.
没有人能否认这一重要事实：最近几年交通问题在全世界受到了普遍关注。越来越多的专家开始相信这种状况将对当地的经济发展产生不利影响。
There is no doubt that the increase in demand caused the rise in prices.
毫无疑问，需求的增长导致了价格的上涨。
restrictive cause 限制性条款
事故原因
accident cause
Evolution is not the force but a process, not a cause but a law.
进化不是动力而是过程，不是原因而是法则。
The road-works caused much complaint among local neighbours.
修路工程使当地居民叫苦连天。
You have no cause for complaint.
你没有理由诉苦。
a worthy cause
正义的事业
He is very committed to the cause of language teaching.
他对于语言教学事业十分投入。
The explosion was caused by a burst gas pipe.
这次爆炸是由煤气管爆裂引起的。
Scientists searched for the cause of the disease.
科学家们千方百计寻找这种疾病的病因。
The storm caused the collapse of the building.
暴风雨使那幢建筑物倒塌了。
You are partially correct if you think air pollution is caused by factories, but a great deal of pollution is also caused by cars.
认为工厂污染了大气只是说对了一部分，许多污染是汽车所造成的。
He has strong convictions about his cause; he will not change his mind.
他对事业有很强的信念，他不会改变自己的想法。
The history professor explored the causes of the revolution.
这位历史学教授仔细研究了革命发生的原因。
She devoted her whole life to the cause of female rights to be equal.
她把一生都奉献给了争取女性平等的事业。
The citizens are disgusted with the factory because of the pollution that the factory has caused.
由于这家工厂制造成污染，居民们对它极为讨厌。
Excessive smoking or drinking will cause damage to one's health.
抽烟过多或饮酒过度有损健康。
An accident in which five cars were involved caused the death of six people on the highway last night.
昨天晚上，有五辆车卷入了一场事故，造成了六个人死在高速公路上。
The horrible film caused her to have nightmares.
那场恐怖电影使她晚上做恶梦。
The unusually cold winter has caused many plants to bud late this year.
异常寒冷的冬天使今年许多植物推迟了发芽。
His film has caused a stir in America.
他的影片在美国引起了轰动。
The news of the terrorist attacks in New York caused quite a stir in the whole world.
在纽约发生恐怖主义袭击的消息在全世界引起了极大震动。
sell out (to): let down one's cause, one's side (to someone)
背叛事业或立场
Try to be diplomatic when you refuse her invitation, so as not to cause bad feeling.
谢绝她的邀请时要注意方式, 以免引起不快。
There is no doubt whatsoever that the scientist has devoted all his life to his cause.
毫无疑问这位科学家把一生都献给了事业。
Her sad look reflected the great pain caused by loss of her friend.
她哀伤的表情反映出了她因失去朋友而经受的巨大痛苦。
Our work is to motivate those voters and inspire them to join our cause.
我们的工作是发动那些投票人，促使他们加入我们的事业。
The accident has caused chaos on the motorway.
这场事故使高速公路陷入一片混乱。
Your support will certainly make a difference in our cause.
你的支持肯定会对我们的事业起重要作用。
The incident might also cause the price of oil to soar above $50 a barrel and stay there for some months.
这 一事件也许会使石油价格猛升至50多美元一桶，而后一直持续几个月。
But there is no consensus among the scientists about the causes of the global warming.
但关于全球变暖的原因，科学家们尚未达成一致意见。
On the one hand, of course, cars are very useful. But on the other hand, they cause a huge amount of pollution.
汽车当然很有用，可是另一方面，它们也造成大量的污染。
Difficulties were caused when Britain converted to a decimal money system.
当英国改用十进制货币体系时，出现了许多困难。
The uneven distribution of wealth causes many problems.
财富分配不均引发了许多问题。
I hope that will not cause you too much trouble.
我希望那不会给你添太多麻烦。
The damage was caused by external forces. 损害是由外力引起的。
The news of the radiation leak caused widespread public alarm.
辐射泄露的消息引起了公众的普遍恐慌。
Don't complain without good cause.
没有充分的理由就不要抱怨。
What caused his illness?
是什么使他生病？
It's certain that every effect must have a cause.
无疑，每个结果必定有其原因。
Car accident caused many deaths.
车祸造成很多人死亡。
Many diseases are caused by bacteria.
许多疾病是由细菌引起的。
The accident was caused by human error.
这宗事故是人为过失造成的。
The society was dedicated to furthering the cause of world peace.
该协会致力于推动世界和平事业。
The loss of her purse caused her much inconvenience.
丢失钱包给她带来了诸多不便。
One should do his best for the cause of world peace.
一个人应该为世界和平事业尽最大努力。
Unhappiness is the root cause of his illness.
不开心是他生病的根源。
是什么原因呢?
What causes it? *cause“成为……的原因”、“引起”。
The river is getting dirty. (那条河越来越脏。)
What causes it? (为什么会这样呢?)
What causes it? (是什么原因?)
Air pollution. (由于空气污染。)
What is it caused by?
我不想给您添麻烦。
I don't want to put you out. *put out 有“添麻烦”的意思。
You're welcome to stay. (您就住下吧。)
I don't want to put you out. (不，我不想给您添麻烦。)
I don't want to bother you.
I don't want to cause you trouble.
What''s the cause of the delay?
什么原因延误？
We should make it clear whether the damage was caused in transit or during the unloading process, or by other reasons.
我们要弄清楚货物是否在运输途中受损，还是在卸货过程中受损，或者别的原因。
Then the damage must be caused at somewhere along the line where the goods weren't handled properly.
那么残损一定是在运输途中的什么地方对货物处理不妥造成的。
Children in backseats cause accidents. Accidents in backseats cause children.
后排座位上的小孩会生出意外，后排座位上的意外会生出小孩。
A common danger causes common action.
同仇敌忾。
I am not only witty in myself, but the cause that wit is in other men.
我不仅要使自己有才智，而且也要使别人有才智。
One wrong thought may cause a lifelong regret.
一念之错可铸终生之恨。
Poverty is not a sufficient cause of disgrace, but poverty without resolution to help oneself is a disgrace.
贫穷并不可耻，穷而不争气才可耻。
Self-distrust is the cause of most of our failure.
我们的失败多数是由于缺乏自信。
We are very for the inconvenience that may have caused you
对给你方带来的不便我方表示歉意。
I hope my visit does not cause you too much trouble.
我希望这次来参观没有给你们增添太多的麻烦。
A I'm astonished! You really think your traffic is worse than ours ...
A 我太吃惊了！你真的认为你们的交通比我们的还糟糕...
B Yes, there are more cars, more buses and more noise.
B 是的，我们那里有更多的小汽车、公共汽车和更大的噪音。
A I think there are more bicycles here.
A 我想这里有更多的自行车。
B Yes, that's true. But they don't cause pollution or traffic jams. One thing in New York is much better, though.
B 是的，确实。但是自行车并不引起污染或者交通阻塞。尽管在纽约有一个方面更好一些。
A What's that?
A 是什么？
B The subway. They subway system in New York is much better.
B 地铁。纽约的地铁系统要好很多。
There’s a lot of traffic jams.
这里有很多交通堵塞的状况。
I think there’s too many cars on the roads.
我想这条路上的车太多了。
All the traffic causes pollution.
所有的交通都引起污染。
Most of the trouble in the world is caused by people wanting to be im-portant.
George Eliot, British novelist
人世间的大多数烦恼都是由那些想成为重要人物的人惹出来的。
英国小说家艾略特.G.
A generation without a cause in its youth has no legacy in its old age.
Eeward Kennedy. American plliticia
一代人如果年轻时候没有事业，老了就不会有遗产可以传下去。
美国政治家肯尼迪.E.
There is a moment in every battle at which the least maneuver is decisive and gives superiority as one drop of water causes overflow.
Bonaparle Napoleon French emperor
在每一场战争之中，都有那么一刻，运用一点策略就是决定性的并带来优势，正像加一滴水就可以促成溢流一般。
法国皇帝拿破仑B
Being reluctant to think , unwilling to study intensively and under-stand deeply and being complacent and satisfied at negligible knowledge all are the cause of poor intelligence, which can be germed as "foolish".
Maxim Gorky, Russian writer
懒于思索、不愿意钻研和深入理解、自满和满足于微不足道的知识，都是智力贫乏的原因。这种贫乏通常用两个字来称呼，那就是“愚蠢”。
俄国作家高尔基M
Losing her eyelash cause her to blush for shame.她因为弄丢了假睫毛，羞得面红耳赤。
It will cause a lot of problems in our transportation.
这将给我们的运输带来很多问题。
Claim on shortweight is caused by packing damage or shortloading.
短重索赔是由包装破损或装运短重引起的。
目标 target; cause; end; goal; object; objective; tee; aim
雹灾 [báo zāi] /disaster caused by hail/
俾 [bǐ] /to cause/to enable/
碧血 [bì xuè] /blood shed in a just cause/
标本 [biāo běn] /specimen/sample/the root cause and symptoms of a disease/
病根 [bìng gēn] /an incompletely cured illness/an old complaint/the root cause of trouble/
病机 [bìng jī] /interpretation of the cause/onset and process of an illness/pathogenesis/
病因 [bìng yīn] /cause of disease/pathogen/
病原 [bìng yuán] /cause of disease/pathogeny/
产生 [chǎn shēng] /to come into being/to produce/to cause/to bring about/to generate/to yield/to engender/
成因 [chéng yīn] /cause/factor/
促进 [cù jìn] /to promote (an idea or cause)/to advance/boost/
促使 [cù shǐ] /spur on/urge/to cause/to bring about/
大业 [dà yè] /great cause/great undertaking/
捣乱 [dǎo luàn] /(v) cause a disturbance/(v) look for trouble; intentionally bother sb/
导致 [dǎo zhì] /to lead to/to create/to cause/to bring about/
根源 [gēn yuán] /origin/root (cause)/
故 [gù] /happening/instance/reason/cause/deceased/old/
害 [hài] /to do harm to/to cause trouble to/harm/evil/calamity/
胡来 [hú lái] /(v) make a complete hash of things; cause trouble/
困扰 [kùn rǎo] /perplex/cause complications/
理直气壮 [lǐ zhí qì zhuàng] /(saying) one is bold and confident when doing a just cause/
疠 [lì] /sore caused by varnish poisoning/
令 [lìng] /make or cause to be/order/command/decree/honorable/
令人 [lìng rén] /cause someone to (be, feel, etc)/reader/
闹事 [nào shì] /cause trouble/create a disturbance/
起哄 [qǐ hòng] /(v) gather together and cause a commotion/
声援 [shēng yuán] /support (a cause)/
使 [shǐ] /to make/to cause/to enable/to use/to employ/messenger/
使得 [shǐ de ] /usable/workable/feasible/doable/to make/to cause/
事业 [shì yè] /cause/undertaking/enterprise/plant/
消灭 [xiāo miè] /perish/cause to perish/annihilation (in quantum field theory)/
徇 [xùn] /buried with dead/die for a cause/
殉 [xùn] /buried with dead/die for a cause/
要命 [yào mìng] /(v) cause sb to die/(adj) extremely; frighteningly; very/(adj) annoyance/
因 [yīn] /cause/reason/because/
因缘 [yīn yuán] /chance/opportunity/predestined relationship/(Buddhist) principal and secondary causes/chain of cause and effect/
引起 [yǐn qǐ] /to give rise to/to lead to/to cause/to arouse/
由 [yóu] /follow/from/it is for...to/reason/cause/because of/due to/by/to/to leave it (to sb)/
繇 [yóu] /cause/means/
原 [yuán] /former/original/primary/raw/level/cause/source/
缘故 [yuán gù] /reason/cause/
原因 [yuán yīn] /cause/origin/root cause/reason/
缘由 [yuán yóu] /reason/cause/
造成 [zào chéng] /to bring about/to create/to cause/
造成问题 [zào chéng wèn tí] /to create an issue/to cause a problem/
折腾 [zhé teng ] /(v) turn from side to side/(v) cause sb to fell depressed/(v) repeatedly do over/
振兴 [zhèn xīng] /promote/cause to develop/
致 [zhì] /to send/to devote/to deliver/to cause/to convey/
致癌 [zhì ái] /carcinogenous/to cause cancer/
致癌物质 [zhì ái wù zhì] /carcinogen/cancer causing substance/
致使 [zhì shǐ] /cause/result in/
主要原因 [zhǔ yào yuán yīn] /main reason/primary cause/
To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, "all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing."
18世纪政治家埃德蒙·柏克曾说过类似这样的话，“一个被误导的事业如果要成功，它惟一需要的是好人无所作为”。
One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research.
一个这样的事业现在正在寻求终止生物医学的研究，因为有这样一种理论说，动物享有权利禁止它们被用于实验。
Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment.
最后，因为最终决定因素是病人，医疗研究机构不仅应该积极争取斯蒂芬·库柏这样的名人的支持——他对动物实验的价值勇敢地进行了肯定——而且应该争取所有接受治疗的病人的支持。
In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into super systems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly.
近年来，铁路公司相互联合，组成了超大型集团，引起人们对垄断行为的极大关注。
If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural.
如果你在幽默时感到很别扭，你应该进行练习使它变得更自然。
Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner.
包括一些很随便的、看上去是即兴的话，你可以用轻松的、不做作的方式把它们说出来。
Often it's the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.
常常是你说话的方式使听众发笑，因此说慢一些，并且记住扬扬眉毛或者做出一种不相信的表情都会向人们显示你正在说笑话。
While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline — after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late '80s — and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle class downshifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.
在美国，这种趋势一开始是对经济衰落所做出的一种反应——出现于80年代后期缩小经济规模所引起的大量人员冗余之后——在英国，至少在我所认识的中产阶级的简化生活者中，这种趋势仍被认为与节俭政治有关联，虽然如此，然而我们有着不同的缘由去寻求使自己的生活简单化。
All of this caused a crisis of confidence.
所有这一切导致了信任危机。
Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted.
美国不再视繁荣为理所当然之事。
They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well.
他们开始相信自己的商业经营方式不灵了，也相信不久他们的收入也会因此而下降。
The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America's industrial decline.
80年代中期，人们对美国工业衰退的成因作了一次又一次的探寻。
Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.
在美国人那些有时耸人听闻的发现中充满着对其他国家日益增长的经济竞争的警告之词。
Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle.
没几个美国人将这一巨变单纯归因于美元贬值或商业周期循环这些显而易见的原因。
Apples had been falling in many places for centuries and thousands of people had seen them fall.
多少个世纪以来，苹果一直在许多地方落到地面，也有成千上万的人看到过苹果落地。
But Newton for years had been curious about the cause of the orbital motion of the moon and planets.
多年来牛顿一直对月球和行星绕轨道运行的起因好奇不已。
Meanwhile, in India, the World Bank has given the go-ahead to the even more wrong-headed Narmada Dam.
与此同时，世界银行已经贷款给印度来建造问题很多的纳尔马达大坝。
And the bank has done this even though its advisors say the dam will cause hardship for the powerless and environmental destruction.
尽管世界银行的顾问说，该大坝将给平民带来苦难，而且也会破坏那里的环境，但世界银行已经这样做了。
The benefits are for the powerful, but they are far from guaranteed.
大坝会给有权有势者带来利益，但这种利益却没有保障。
Levin would not comment on the debate last week, but there were signs that the chairman was backing off his hard-line stand, at least to some extent.
莱文不愿对上周的辩论做出评论，但有迹象表明这位董事长的强硬立场起码在一定程度上有所缓和。
During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month's stockholders' meeting.
在上个月的股东会议上，大家就摇滚乐的歌词进行了讨论。
Levin asserted that "music is not the cause of society's ills" and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students.
莱文宣称“音乐不是社会问题的病因”，他甚至还以自己为例。他的儿子是纽约州布朗克斯的一个教师，用说唱乐的表达方式与学生进行交流。
But he talked as well about the "balanced struggle" between creative freedom and social responsibility, and he announced that the company would launch a drive to develop standards for distribution and labeling of potentially objectionable music.
但他也谈到了创作自由和社会责任之间要“保持平衡”的问题。他还宣布公司将致力于为一些人们可能会反感的音乐制定发行和标识的标准。
Do we think we're shy and indecisive?
自以为害羞而优柔寡断吗？
Then our sense of timidity can cause us to hesitate, to move slowly, and not to take a step until we know the ground is safe.
那么这种恐惧感便会使我们犹豫不决，行动迟缓，而且在确保安全无虞后才前进一步。
"I have great confidence that by the end of the decade we'll know in vast detail how cancer cells arise," says microbiologist Robert Weinberg, an expert on cancer.
“我有极大的信心相信到这个十年期结束时我们将会详尽地知晓癌细胞的生成原因，”微生物学家罗伯特·温伯格，一位癌症专家如此说道，
"But," he cautions, "some people have the idea that once one understands the causes, the cure will rapidly follow. Consider Pasteur. He discovered the causes of many kinds of infections, but it was fifty or sixty years before cures were available."
“但是，”他又告诫说，“有些人认为一旦人们弄清了病因，治疗方法很快就会跟上。其实不然，想想法国细菌学家巴斯德，他发现了许多传染病的成因，但治疗方法却在五六十年后才问世。”
The researchers made great progress in the early 1970s, when they discovered that oncogenes, which are cancer-causing genes, are inactive in normal cells.
研究人员在70年代早期取得了很大进展，他们发现导致癌症的癌基因在正常细胞里是不活跃的。
Anything from cosmic rays to radiation to diet may activate a dormant oncogene, but how remains unknown.
从宇宙射线、辐射到日常饮食，任何东西都可能激活一个处于静止状态下的致癌基因，但如何激活尚不为人知。
If several oncogenes are driven into action, the cell, unable to turn them off, becomes cancerous.
如果若干癌基因被激活，细胞无力排除也就演变成了癌细胞。
{adj: a posteriori} involving reasoning from facts or particulars to general principals or from effects to causes
"a posteriori demonstration"
<-> a priori
{adj: abashed, chagrined, embarrassed} feeling or caused to feel uneasy and self-conscious
"felt abashed at the extravagant praise"
"chagrined at the poor sales of his book"
"was embarrassed by her child's tantrums"
{adj: abortifacient} causing abortion
{adj: abrasive, scratchy} causing abrasion
{adj: accelerated, speeded up} caused to go more rapidly
{adj: accelerating} increasing in speed; becoming progressively faster
"the accelerating inflation was cause for great concern"
{adj: accomplished, effected, established} settled securely and unconditionally
"that smoking causes health problems is an accomplished fact"
{adj: aching, achy} causing a dull and steady pain
"my aching head"
"her old achy joints"
{adj: acid-fast} not easily decolorized by acid solutions; pertains to micro-organisms (especially the tubercle bacillus that causes tuberculosis)
{adj: activating, actuating} causing motion or action or change
{adj: addictive, habit-forming} causing or characterized by addiction
"addictive drugs"
"addictive behavior"
<-> nonaddictive
{adj: adsorbent, adsorptive, surface-assimilative} having capacity or tendency to adsorb or cause to accumulate on a surface
<-> nonadsorbent
{adj: aeolian} relating to or caused by wind
{adj: afflictive, painful, sore} causing misery or pain or distress
"it was a sore trial to him"
"the painful process of growing up"
{adj: agitative, agitating, provoking} causing or tending to cause anger or resentment
"a provoking delay at the airport"
{adj: alarming} causing alarm or fear
<-> unalarming
{adj: alienated, estranged} caused to be unloved
{adj: alienating} causing hostility or loss of friendliness
"her sudden alienating aloofness"
{adj: aligned} brought into agreement or cooperation on the side of a faction, party, or cause
<-> nonaligned
{adj: aligning, positioning} causing to fall into line or into position
{adj: allergic} characterized by or caused by allergy
"an allergic reaction"
{adj: amalgamated, intermingled, mixed, integrated} caused to combine or unite
{adj: amaurotic} pertaining to blindness caused by amaurosis
{adj: amnestic, amnesic} of or relating to or caused by amnesia
{adj: annoying, bothersome, galling, irritating, nettlesome, pesky, pestering, pestiferous, plaguy, plaguey, teasing, vexatious, vexing} causing irritation or annoyance
"tapping an annoying rhythm on his glass with his fork"
"aircraft noise is particularly bothersome near the airport"
"found it galling to have to ask permission"
"an irritating delay"
"nettlesome paperwork"
"a pesky mosquito"
"swarms of pestering gnats"
"a plaguey newfangled safety catch"
"a teasing and persistent thought annoyed him"
"a vexatious child"
"it is vexing to have to admit you are wrong"
{adj: anorectic, anorexigenic} causing loss of appetite
"an anorectic (or anorexigenic) drug"
{adj: antimicrobial, antimicrobic} capable of destroying or inhibiting the growth of disease-causing microorganisms
{adj: antiseptic} thoroughly clean and free of or destructive to disease-causing organisms
"doctors in antiseptic green coats"
"the antiseptic effect of alcohol"
"it is said that marjoram has antiseptic qualities"
<-> septic
{adj: anxious, nervous, queasy, uneasy, unquiet} causing or fraught with or showing anxiety
"spent an anxious night waiting for the test results"
"cast anxious glances behind her"
"those nervous moments before takeoff"
"an unquiet mind"
{adj: apostate} not faithful to religion or party or cause
{adj: appalling, dismaying} causing consternation
"appalling conditions"
{adj: associative, associatory} characterized by or causing or resulting from the process of bringing ideas or events together in memory or imagination
"associative learning"
<-> nonassociative
{adj: astigmatic} of or relating to a defect in the eye or in a lens caused by a deviation from spherical curvature which prevents light rays from meeting at a common focus and so results in distorted images
<-> anastigmatic
{adj: ataxic, atactic} lacking motor coordination; marked or caused by ataxia
{adj: atilt, canted, leaning, tilted, tipped} departing or being caused to depart from the true vertical or horizontal
"the leaning tower of Pisa"
"the headstones were tilted"
{adj: attritional} relating to or caused by attrition
{adj: automatic} operating with minimal human intervention; independent of external control
"automatic transmission"
"a budget deficit that caused automatic spending cuts"
<-> manual
{adj: awful, dire, direful, dread, dreaded, dreadful, fearful, fearsome, frightening, horrendous, horrific, terrible} causing fear or dread or terror
"the awful war"
"an awful risk"
"dire news"
"a career or vengeance so direful that London was shocked"
"the dread presence of the headmaster"
"polio is no longer the dreaded disease it once was"
"a dreadful storm"
"a fearful howling"
"horrendous explosions shook the city"
"a terrible curse"
{adj: awkward, embarrassing, sticky, unenviable} hard to deal with; especially causing pain or embarrassment
"awkward (or embarrassing or difficult) moments in the discussion"
"an awkward pause followed his remark"
"a sticky question"
"in the unenviable position of resorting to an act he had planned to save for the climax of the campaign"
{adj: awkward} causing inconvenience
"they arrived at an awkward time"
{adj: bacterial} relating to or caused by bacteria
"bacterial infection"
{adj: bacteriolytic} of or relating to or causing bacteriolysis
{adj: bacteriostatic} of or relating to or causing bacteriostasis
{adj: bewildering} causing bafflement
"the play was at the same time a bewildering and an exciting experience"
{adj: binding, constipating} causing constipation
{adj: biting, bitter} causing a sharply painful or stinging sensation; used especially of cold
"bitter cold"
"a biting wind"
{adj: blasting, ruinous} causing injury or blight; especially affecting with sudden violence or plague or ruin
"the blasting effects of the intense cold on the budding fruit"
"the blasting force of the wind blowing sharp needles of sleet in our faces"
"a ruinous war"
{adj: blistered} (of skin) having blisters (swellings containing watery fluid) caused by burning or irritation
"escaped from the fire with only a blistered hand"
{adj: bloodied} having been caused to bleed
"a bloodied nose"
{adj: blue, dark, depressing, dingy, disconsolate, dismal, dispiriting, gloomy, grim, sorry, drab, drear, dreary} causing dejection
"a blue day"
"the dark days of the war"
"a week of rainy depressing weather"
"a disconsolate winter landscape"
"the first dismal dispiriting days of November"
"a dark gloomy day"
"grim rainy weather"
{adj: boring, deadening, dull, ho-hum, irksome, slow, tedious, tiresome, wearisome} so lacking in interest as to cause mental weariness
"a boring evening with uninteresting people"
"the deadening effect of some routine tasks"
"a dull play"
"his competent but dull performance"
"a ho-hum speaker who couldn't capture their attention"
"what an irksome task the writing of long letters is"- Edmund Burke
"tedious days on the train"
"the tiresome chirping of a cricket"- Mark Twain
"other people's dreams are dreadfully wearisome"
{adj: borne in upon} caused to be realized
"it was borne in upon us how close we had been to disaster"
{adj: bothered, daunted, fazed} caused to show discomposure
"refused to be fazed by the objections"
{adj: breathless, breathtaking} tending to cause suspension of regular breathing
"a breathless flight"
"breathtaking adventure"
{adj: brought about} caused to exist
"he applauded the good will brought about in the neighborhood"
{adj: bruising} causing mental or emotional injury
"a bruising experience"
"protected from the bruising facts of battle"- John Mason Brown
{adj: brutal, cruel} (of weapons or instruments) causing suffering and pain
"brutal instruments of torture"
"cruel weapons of war"
{adj: calculous} relating to or caused by or having a calculus or calculi
{adj: calming, lulling, quietening} causing to become tranquil
{adj: carcinogenic} causing or tending to cause cancer
"the carcinogenic action of certain chemicals"
{adj: cardinal, central, fundamental, key, primal} serving as an essential component
"a cardinal rule"
"the central cause of the problem"
"an example that was fundamental to the argument"
"computers are fundamental to modern industrial structure"
{adj: catalytic} relating to or causing or involving catalysis
"catalytic reactions"
{adj: causal} involving or constituting a cause; causing
"a causal relationship between scarcity and higher prices"
{adj: causeless, fortuitous, uncaused} having no cause or apparent cause
"a causeless miracle"
"fortuitous encounters--strange accidents of fortune"
"we cannot regard artistic invention as...uncaused and unrelated to the times"
{adj: causeless, reasonless} having no justifying cause or reason
"a senseless, causeless murder"
"a causeless war that never had an aim"
"an apparently arbitrary and reasonless change"
{adj: certain} established beyond doubt or question; definitely known
"what is certain is that every effect must have a cause"
"it is certain that they were on the bus"
"his fate is certain"
"the date for the invasion is certain"
<-> uncertain
{adj: chargeable, indictable} liable to be accused, or cause for such liability
"the suspect was chargeable"
"an indictable offense"
{adj: chilling, scarey, scary, shivery, shuddery} so scary as to cause chills and shudders
"the most terrible and shuddery...tales of murder and revenge"
{adj: cliff-hanging, suspenseful, suspensive, nail-biting} (of a situation) characterized by or causing suspense
{adj: climactic} consisting of or causing a climax
"a climactic development"
<-> anticlimactic
{adj: cohesive} causing cohesion
"a cohesive agent"
{adj: committed} bound or obligated, as under a pledge to a particular cause, action, or attitude
"committed church members"
"a committed Marxist"
<-> uncommitted
{adj: compulsive} caused by or suggestive of psychological compulsion
"compulsive drinking"
{adj: confusing, perplexing, puzzling} lacking clarity of meaning; causing confusion or perplexity
"sent confusing signals to Iraq"
"perplexing to someone who knew nothing about it"
"a puzzling statement"
{adj: confusing} causing confusion or disorientation
"a confusing jumble of road signs"
"being hospitalized can be confusing and distressing for a small child"
{adj: contentious} involving or likely to cause controversy
"a central and contentious element of the book"- Tim W.Ferfuson
{adj: convincing} causing one to believe the truth of something
"a convincing story"
"a convincing manner"
<-> unconvincing
{adj: cosmologic, cosmological} pertaining to the branch of philosophy dealing with the elements and laws and especially the characteristics of the universe such as space and time and causality
"cosmologic philosophy"
"a cosmological argument is an argument that the universe demands the admission of an adequate external cause which is God"
{adj: creepy, creepy-crawly} causing a sensation as of things crawling on your skin
"a creepy story"
"I had a creepy-crawly feeling"
{adj: cutting, keen, knifelike, piercing, stabbing, lancinate, lancinating} as physically painful as if caused by a sharp instrument
"a cutting wind"
"keen winds"
"knifelike cold"
"piercing knifelike pains"
"piercing cold"
"piercing criticism"
"a stabbing pain"
"lancinating pain"
{adj: cyanobacterial, cyanophyte} relating to or caused by photosynthetic bacteria of the class Cyanobacteria
{adj: cytopathogenic} of or relating to or causing pathological changes in cells
{adj: damaging, detrimental, prejudicial, prejudicious} (sometimes followed by `to') causing harm or injury
"damaging to career and reputation"
"the reporter's coverage resulted in prejudicial publicity for the defendant"
{adj: dangerous, grave, grievous, serious, severe, life-threatening} causing fear or anxiety by threatening great harm
"a dangerous operation"
"a grave situation"
"a grave illness"
"grievous bodily harm"
"a serious wound"
"a serious turn of events"
"a severe case of pneumonia"
"a life-threatening disease"
{adj: dangerous, unsafe} involving or causing danger or risk; liable to hurt or harm
"a dangerous criminal"
"a dangerous bridge"
"unemployment reached dangerous proportions"
<-> safe
{adj: dazzled} stupefied or dizzied by something overpowering
"I fall back dazzled at beholding myself all rosy red, / At having, I myself, caused the sun to rise."- `Chanticler' by Rostand
{adj: deadly, deathly, mortal} causing or capable of causing death
"a fatal accident"
"a deadly enemy"
"mortal combat"
"a mortal illness"
{adj: deafened} caused to hear poorly or not at all
{adj: deafening, earsplitting, roaring, thunderous, thundery} loud enough to cause (temporary) hearing loss
{adj: debilitative, enervating, enfeebling, weakening} causing debilitation
{adj: deceptive, delusory} causing one to believe what is not true or fail to believe what is true
"deceptive calm"
"a delusory pleasure"
{adj: decompositional} causing organic decay
{adj: dedicated} devoted to a cause or ideal or purpose
"a dedicated dancer"
"dedicated teachers"
"dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal"- A.Lincoln
<-> undedicated
{adj: deflationary} associated with or tending to cause decreases in consumer prices or increases in the purchasing power of money
"deflationary measures"
<-> inflationary
{adj: deformational} relating to or causing change in either shape or size of a material body or geometric figure
{adj: deformed, distorted, ill-shapen, malformed, misshapen} so badly formed or out of shape as to be ugly
"deformed thalidomide babies"
"his poor distorted limbs"
"an ill-shapen vase"
"a limp caused by a malformed foot"
"misshapen old fingers"
{adj: delayed} caused to be slower or later
"the delayed plane finally arrived"
<-> expedited
{adj: demeaning, humbling, humiliating, mortifying} causing awareness of your shortcomings
"golf is a humbling game"
{adj: depreciating, depreciative, depreciatory} tending to decrease or cause a decrease in value
"a depreciating currency"
"depreciatory effects on prices"
{adj: depressing, depressive, gloomy, saddening} causing or suggestive of sorrow or gloom
"a gloomy outlook"
"gloomy news"
{adj: deserving, meriting, worth} having sufficient worth
"an idea worth considering"
"a cause deserving or meriting support"
"the deserving poor" (often used ironically)
{adj: destructive} causing destruction or much damage
"a policy that is destructive to the economy"
"destructive criticism"
<-> constructive
{adj: determinate} precisely determined or limited or defined; especially fixed by rule or by a specific and constant cause
"a determinate distance"
"a determinate number"
"determinate variations in animals"
<-> indeterminate
{adj: deterministic} an inevitable consequence of antecedent sufficient causes
{adj: detractive} causing to decrease in importance or value
"detractive influences on the volume of investment"
{adj: diabetic} of or relating to or causing diabetes
{adj: digestive} relating to or having the power to cause or promote digestion
"digestive juices"
"a digestive enzyme"
"digestive ferment"
{adj: direct, unmediated} having no intervening persons, agents, conditions
"in direct sunlight"
"in direct contact with the voters"
"direct exposure to the disease"
"a direct link"
"the direct cause of the accident"
"direct vote"
{adj: discernible, discernable} perceptible by the senses or intellect
"things happen in the earth and sky with no discernible cause"
"the newspaper reports no discernible progress in the negotiations"
"the skyline is easily discernible even at a distance of several miles"
<-> indiscernible
{adj: discomfited, embarrassed} caused to feel self-conscious and uncomfortable
"was discomfited by the personal questions"
"the child felt embarrassed by the attention of the adults"
{adj: disconcerting, upsetting} causing an emotional disturbance
"his disconcerting habit of greeting friends ferociously and strangers charmingly"- Herb Caen
"an upsetting experience"
{adj: diseased, morbid, pathologic, pathological} caused by or altered by or manifesting disease or pathology
"diseased tonsils"
"a morbid growth"
"pathologic tissue"
"pathological bodily processes"
{adj: disintegrative} tending to cause breakup into constituent elements or parts
<-> integrative
{adj: disloyal} deserting your allegiance or duty to leader or cause or principle
"disloyal aides revealed his indiscretions to the papers"
<-> loyal
{adj: disorienting} causing loss of physical or intellectual bearings
"making so many turns to the right and then the left was completely disorienting"
"a sharp blow to the head can be disorienting"
<-> orienting
{adj: displeasing} causing displeasure or lacking pleasing qualities
<-> pleasing
{adj: disquieting} causing mental discomfort
"the disquieting sounds of nearby gunfire"
{adj: dissolving} causing to dissolve
"the dissolving medium is called the solvent"
{adj: distressing, distressful, disturbing, perturbing, troubling, worrisome, worrying} causing distress or worry or anxiety
"distressing (or disturbing) news"
"lived in heroic if something distressful isolation"
"a disturbing amount of crime"
"a revelation that was most perturbing"
"a new and troubling thought"
"in a particularly worrisome predicament"
"a worrying situation"
"a worrying time"
{adj: dizzy, giddy, woozy, vertiginous} having or causing a whirling sensation; liable to falling
"had a dizzy spell"
"a dizzy pinnacle"
"had a headache and felt giddy"
"a giddy precipice"
"feeling woozy from the blow on his head"
"a vertiginous climb up the face of the cliff"
{adj: donated} given freely especially to a cause or fund
"the donated van made their meal-on-wheels venture possible"
{adj: due} suitable to or expected in the circumstances
"all due respect"
"due cause to honor them"
"a long due promotion"
"in due course"
"due esteem"
" exercising due care"
<-> undue
{adj: dulled, benumbed} having lost or been caused to lose interest because of overexposure
"the mind of the audience is becoming dulled"
"the benumbed intellectual faculties can no longer respond"
{adj: dysgenic, cacogenic} pertaining to or causing degeneration in the offspring produced
<-> eugenic
{adj: effective, efficient} able to accomplish a purpose; functioning effectively
"people who will do nothing unless they get something out of it for themselves are often highly effective persons..."-G.B.Shaw
"effective personnel"
"an efficient secretary"
"the efficient cause of the revolution"
{adj: electrifying, thrilling} causing a surge of emotion or excitement
"she gave a electrifying performance"
"a thrilling performer to watch"
{adj: electrostatic, static} concerned with or producing or caused by static electricity
"an electrostatic generator produces high-voltage static electricity"
{adj: embarrassing, mortifying} causing to feel shame or chagrin or vexation
"the embarrassing moment when she found her petticoat down around her ankles"
"it was mortifying to know he had heard every word"
{adj: emotionless, passionless} unmoved by feeling
"he kept his emotionless objectivity and faith in the cause he served"
"this passionless girl was like an icicle in the sunshine"-Margaret Deland
{adj: energetic} possessing or exerting or displaying energy
"an energetic fund raiser for the college"
"an energetic group of hikers"
"it caused an energetic chemical reaction"
<-> lethargic
{adj: enviable} causing envy
"an enviable position"
{adj: equalized, equalised} caused to be equal
{adj: errhine} causing nasal discharge
{adj: estrogenic} relating to or caused by estrogen
{adj: eugenic} pertaining to or causing improvement in the offspring produced
<-> dysgenic
{adj: evangelical, evangelistic} marked by ardent or zealous enthusiasm for a cause
{adj: evaporative} relating to or causing or being caused by evaporation
"an evaporative cooler"
{adj: eventual} expected to follow in the indefinite future from causes already operating
"hope of eventual (or ultimate) rescue"
"if this trend continues it is not reasonable to expect the eventual collapse of the stock market"
{adj: evil, harmful, injurious} tending to cause great harm
{adj: extinguished} of a conditioned response; caused to die out because of the absence or withdrawal of reinforcement
{adj: fanatic, fanatical, overzealous, rabid} marked by excessive enthusiasm for and intense devotion to a cause or idea
"rabid isolationist"
{adj: febrile, feverish} of or relating to or characterized by fever
"a febrile reaction caused by an allergen"
<-> afebrile
{adj: firm, loyal, truehearted, fast} unwavering in devotion to friend or vow or cause
"a firm ally"
"loyal supporters"
"the true-hearted soldier...of Tippecanoe"- Campaign song for William Henry Harrison
"fast friends"
{adj: forlorn} marked by or showing hopelessness
"the last forlorn attempt"
"a forlorn cause"
{adj: forward} of the transmission gear causing forward movement in a motor vehicle
"in a forward gear"
<-> reverse
{adj: frigorific} causing cold; cooling or chilling
{adj: glad} showing or causing joy and pleasure; especially made happy
"glad you are here"
"glad that they succeeded"
"gave a glad shout"
"a glad smile"
"heard the glad news"
"a glad occasion"
<-> sad
{adj: good, just, upright} of moral excellence
"a genuinely good person"
"a just cause"
"an upright and respectable man"
{adj: gratuitous} without cause
"a gratuitous insult"
{adj: gravitational, gravitative} of or relating to or caused by gravitation
{adj: greenhouse} of or relating to or caused by the greenhouse effect
"greenhouse gases"
{adj: grievous, heartbreaking, heartrending} causing or marked by grief or anguish
"a grievous loss"
"a grievous cry"
"her sigh was heartbreaking"
"the heartrending words of Rabin's granddaughter"
{adj: harmful} causing or capable of causing harm
"too much sun is harmful to the skin"
"harmful effects of smoking"
<-> harmless
{adj: harmless} not causing or capable of causing harm
"harmless bacteria"
"rendered the bomb harmless"
<-> harmful
{adj: heartwarming} causing gladness and pleasure
"Is there a sight more heartwarming than a family reunion?"
{adj: heavy} dense or inadequately leavened and hence likely to cause distress in the alimentary canal
"a heavy pudding"
{adj: hemolytic, haemolytic} relating to or involving or causing hemolysis
"hemolytic anemia"
{adj: hexed, jinxed} (usually used colloquially) causing or accompanied by misfortune
{adj: hideous, horrid, horrific, outrageous} grossly offensive to decency or morality; causing horror
"subjected to outrageous cruelty"
"a hideous pattern of injustice"
"horrific conditions in the mining industry"
{adj: hilarious, screaming, uproarious} marked by or causing boisterous merriment or convulsive laughter
"hilarious broad comedy"
"a screaming farce"
"uproarious stories"
{adj: hormonal} of or relating to or caused by hormones
"hormonal changes"
{adj: hot} used of physical heat; having a high or higher than desirable temperature or giving off heat or feeling or causing a sensation of heat or burning
"hot stove"
"hot water"
"a hot August day"
"a hot stuffy room"
"she's hot and tired"
"a hot forehead"
<-> cold
{adj: hurtful} causing hurt
"her hurtful unconsidered words"
{adj: hyperemic} relating to or caused by hyperemia
{adj: idiopathic} (of diseases) arising from an unknown cause
"idiopathic epilepsy"
{adj: immediate} immediately before or after as in a chain of cause and effect
"the immediate result"
"the immediate cause of the trouble"
{adj: impellent} forcing forward or onward; impelling
"an impellent power"
"an impellent cause"
{adj: incendiary} capable of catching fire spontaneously or causing fires or burning readily
"an incendiary agent"
"incendiary bombs"
{adj: inculpatory, inculpative} causing blame to be imputed to
<-> exculpatory
{adj: incurious} showing absence of intellectual inquisitiveness or natural curiosity
"strangely incurious about the cause of the political upheaval surrounding them"
<-> curious
{adj: indirect} having intervening factors or persons or influences
"reflection from the ceiling provided a soft indirect light"
"indirect evidence"
"an indirect cause"
{adj: induced} brought about or caused; not spontaneous
"a case of steroid-induced weakness"
<-> spontaneous
{adj: infectious, infective} caused by infection or capable of causing infection
"viruses and other infective agents"
"a carrier remains infective without himself showing signs of the disease"
{adj: infective, morbific, pathogenic} able to cause disease
"infective agents"
"pathogenic bacteria"
{adj: inflammatory} characterized or caused by inflammation
"an inflammatory process"
"an inflammatory response"
{adj: inflationary} associated with or tending to cause increases in inflation
"inflationary prices"
<-> deflationary
{adj: innocuous, unobjectionable} not causing disapproval
"it was an innocuous remark"
"confined himself to innocuous generalities"
"unobjectionable behavior"
{adj: inoffensive, unoffending} causing no harm
"an inoffensive animal"
{adj: inoffensive, unoffending} not causing anger or annoyance
"inoffensive behavior"
<-> offensive
{adj: iodinating} combining or causing to combine with iodine
"the active iodinating species"
"the in vivo iodinating mechanism"
<-> de-iodinating
{adj: irritating, painful} causing physical discomfort
"bites of black flies are more than irritating; they can be very painful"
{adj: itchy} causing an irritating cutaneous sensation; being affect with an itch
"he had an itchy toe from the mosquito bite"
{adj: jarring} making or causing a harsh and irritating sound
"the jarring noise of the iron gate scraping on the sidewalk"
{adj: jaundiced, icteric, yellow} affected by jaundice which causes yellowing of skin etc
{adj: lay} not of or from a profession
"a lay opinion as to the cause of the disease"
{adj: lossless} characterized by or causing no dissipation of energy
<-> lossy
{adj: lossy} characterized by or causing dissipation of energy
<-> lossless
{adj: luminescent} emitting light not caused by heat
{adj: magnetic} of or relating to or caused by magnetism
"magnetic forces"
{adj: maladroit} not adroit
"a maladroit movement of his hand caused the car to swerve"
"a maladroit translation"
"maladroit propaganda"
<-> adroit
{adj: melancholy, melancholic} characterized by or causing or expressing sadness
"growing more melancholy every hour"
"her melancholic smile"
"we acquainted him with the melancholy truth"
{adj: mercurial} relating to or containing or caused by mercury
"mercurial preparations"
"mercurial sore mouth"
{adj: meteoritic, meteoritical} of or relating to or caused by meteorites
{adj: microbial, microbic} of or involving or caused by or being microbes
"microbial warfare"
{adj: miotic, myotic} of or relating to or causing constriction of the pupil of the eye
"a miotic drug"
{adj: mischievous} deliberately causing harm or damage
"mischievous rumors and falsehoods"
{adj: motive, motor} causing or able to cause motion
"a motive force"
"motive power"
"motor energy"
{adj: multifactorial} involving or depending on several factors or causes (especially pertaining to a condition or disease resulting from the interaction of many genes)
{adj: myopathic} of or relating to any disease of the muscles that is not caused by nerve dysfunction
{adj: myotonic} of or relating to or caused by myotonia
{adj: nauseating, nauseous, noisome, queasy, loathsome, offensive, sickening, vile} causing or able to cause nausea
"a nauseating smell"
"nauseous offal"
"a sickening stench"
{adj: nescient, unbelieving} holding that only material phenomena can be known and knowledge of spiritual matters or ultimate causes is impossible
{adj: neuromatous} of or relating to or caused by neuromas
{adj: nocent} having a tendency to cause harm
{adj: nociceptive} caused by or in response to pain
"a nociceptive spinal reflex"
{adj: nonaddictive} not causing or characterized by addiction
"for years tobacco companies have contended that tobacco is nonaddictive"
<-> addictive
{adj: nonadsorbent, nonadsorptive} lacking a capacity to adsorb or cause to accumulate on a surface
<-> adsorbent
{adj: nonaligned} not affiliated with any faction, party, or cause
<-> aligned
{adj: nonlethal} not capable of causing death
{adj: nonspecific} not caused by a specific agent; used also of staining in making microscope slides
"nonspecific enteritis"
<-> specific, specific
{adj: numbing} causing numbness or insensitivity
"the numbing effect of grief"
{adj: objectionable, obnoxious} causing disapproval or protest
"a vulgar and objectionable person"
{adj: obligated} caused by law or conscience to follow a certain course
"felt obligated to repay the kindness"
"was obligated to pay off the student loan"
<-> unobligated
{adj: off-putting} causing annoyance or repugnance
"an off-putting remark"
{adj: offensive} causing anger or annoyance
"offensive remarks"
<-> inoffensive
{adj: painful} causing physical or psychological pain
"worked with painful slowness"
<-> painless
{adj: painless} not causing physical or psychological pain
"painless dentistry"
<-> painful
{adj: parasitic, parasitical} relating to or caused by parasites
"parasitic infection"
{adj: partisan, partizan} devoted to a cause or party
<-> nonpartisan
{adj: pathological} caused by or evidencing a mentally disturbed condition
"a pathological liar"
"a pathological urge to succeed"
{adj: pestilent, pestilential, pestiferous, plaguey} likely to spread and cause an epidemic disease
"a pestilential malignancy in the air"- Jonathan Swift
"plaguey fevers"
{adj: photic} of or relating to or caused by light
{adj: pigeon-breasted, chicken-breasted} having a chest deformity marked by a projecting breastbone caused by infantile rickets
{adj: pneumococcal} of or derived from or caused by bacteria of the genus pneumococcus
{adj: postmortem, postmortal} occurring or done after death
"postmortem changes"
"a postmortem examination to determine cause of death"
"postmortal wounds"
<-> antemortem
{adj: postmortem} after death or after an event
"a postmortem examination to determine the cause of death"
"the postmortem discussion of the President's TV address"
{adj: precipitating} bringing on suddenly or abruptly
"the completion of the railroad was the precipitating cause in the extinction of waterborne commerce"
{adj: prickling, stinging, tingling} causing or experiencing a painful shivering feeling as from many tiny pricks
"a prickling blush of embarrassment"
"the tingling feeling in a foot that has gone to sleep"
"the stinging windblown sleet"
{adj: proactive} (of a policy or person or action) controlling a situation by causing something to happen rather than waiting to respond to it after it happens
{adj: produced} that is caused by
"if...such a change is produced by...insulin comas or electroshocks"
"the emotional states produced by this drug"
{adj: proinflammatory, pro-inflammatory} tending to cause inflammation
{adj: proximate} closest in degree or order (space or time) especially in a chain of causes and effects
"news of his proximate arrival"
"interest in proximate rather than ultimate goals"
<-> ultimate
{adj: psychogenetic, psychogenic} of or relating to the psychological cause of a disorder
{adj: putrefactive, putrefacient} causing or promoting bacterial putrefaction
{adj: pyrectic} having or causing fever
{adj: pyretic} causing fever
<-> antipyretic
{adj: quiescent} causing no symptoms
"a quiescent tumor"
{adj: racking, wrenching} causing great physical or mental suffering
"a wrenching pain"
{adj: radioactive} exhibiting or caused by radioactivity
"radioactive isotope"
"radioactive decay"
"radioactive fallout"
<-> nonradioactive
{adj: recreant, renegade} having deserted a cause or principle
"some provinces had proved recreant"
"renegade supporters of the usurper"
{adj: reductive} characterized by or causing diminution or curtailment
"their views of life were reductive and depreciabory" - R.H.Rovere
{adj: reflecting} causing reflection or having a device that reflects
"a reflecting microscope"
{adj: reformed} caused to abandon an evil manner of living and follow a good one
"a reformed drunkard"
{adj: refrigerant, refrigerating} causing cooling or freezing
"a refrigerant substance such as ice or solid carbon dioxide"
{adj: responsible, responsible for} being the agent or cause
"determined who was the responsible party"
"termites were responsible for the damage"
{adj: reverse} of the transmission gear causing backward movement in a motor vehicle
"in reverse gear"
<-> forward
{adj: rickettsial} relating to or caused by rickettsias
{adj: rotatory, revolutionary} of or relating to or characteristic or causing an axial or orbital turn
{adj: rough, rocky, bumpy, jolty, jolting, jumpy} causing or characterized by jolts and irregular movements
"a rough ride"
<-> smooth
{adj: rough, unsmooth} having or caused by an irregular surface
"trees with rough bark"
"rough ground"
"rough skin"
"rough blankets"
"his unsmooth face"
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