assume [ ə'sju:m] vt.假定；承担；呈现
assume [ə'sju:m] 假设
assumed [ə'sju:md] a.假定的
米袋子省长负责制 provincial governors assuming responsibility fofr the rice bag (grain supply)
assume v.假定；承担；呈现
Operate independently, assume sole responsibility for its profits and losses, seek self-development and self-reliance
自主经营，自负盈亏，自我发展，自我约束
Optimism assumes, or attempts to prove, that the universe exists to please us, and pessimism that it exists to displease us.
乐观主义假定或企图证明宇宙存在是为了使我们快乐；悲观主义则假定或企图证明那是为了使我们不快乐。
When a man assumes a public trust, he should consider himself as public property.
当一个人承担了公众的信任，就应该视自己为公众财产。
They who assume a character that does not belong to them generally betray themselves by overacting.
装模作样的人常常由于表现过火而露出原形。
Most people assume actions speak louder than words.
大多数人认为行动胜过言辞。
Most people assume the lack of success is the result of his carelessness.
大部分人都认为他的失败是粗心的结果。
When the teacher saw the two students talking during the exam, she assumed they were discussing the answers and got angry.
当老师发现两个学生在考试中交谈时，就以为他们在讨论答案，为此很生气。
Why do you assume that no one understands your difficulties?
为什么你认为没有人理解你的困难呢？
He assumes that his nation cannot do wrong.
他认为他的国家不会做错事。
With respect to their reasons for immigrating, Grassy does not deny their frequently noted fact that some of the immigrants of the 1630’s, most notably the organizers and clergy, advanced religious explanations for departure, but he finds that such explanations usually assumed primacy only in retrospect.
对于他们移民原因的细节，Grassy并不否认他们经常提出的事实－17世纪30年代的一些移民主要由组织家和牧师组成，提出了要离开的宗教解释，但他发现只是以回顾的方式推定的基本情况。
Great comic artists assume that truth may bear all lights, and thus they seek to accentuate contradictions in social action, not gloss over or transcend them by appeals to extrasocial symbols of divine ends, cosmic purpose, or laws of nature.
大喜剧家们认为真理需要各种启示，因此他们开始强调社会活动中的各种矛盾，而不是掩饰或者通过非社会象征的神圣结局和喜剧目的、自然规律来超越它。
Unaware that their own ability has developed through the years, they assume the new generation of young people must be hopeless in this respect.
因为不了解这些你那里他们的能力已经进步了，他们认为在这个方面新一代的年轻人肯定没有希望了。
The statuses we assume often vary with the people we encounter, and change through life.
我们采取的身份是随着接触的人的不同而改变，且一生都在变化。
Who assumes shipment cost?
谁负担运费呢？
We assume that damage occurred while the consignment was in your care.
我们认为货物是在你方保管时受到损害的。
They assume most who know the least.
懂得最少的人自以为最了不起。
By ignorance is pride increased; those most assume who know the least.
ohn Gay, British dramatist
骄傲因无知而增长；越是所知浅薄，越是矫揉造作。
英国剧作家盖伊.J.
When a man assumes a public trust, he should consider himself as public property.
Thomas Jefferson, American President
当一个人受到公众信任时，他就应该把自己看作公众的财产。
美国总统杰斐逊.T.
When a man assumes a public trust, he should consider himself as public property.
Thomas Jefferson, American President
当一个人受到公众信任时，他就应该把自己看作公众的财产。
美国总统杰斐逊.T.
The consumer isn't a moron; she is your wife. You insult her in-telligence if you assume that a mere slogan and a few vapid adjectives will persuade her to buy anything.
Davik Ogilvy, American advertisement manager
消费者不是傻瓜；她是你的妻子。如果你认为仅凭句口号，几个干巴巴的形容词就能诱使她掏腰包购买任何东西的话，那么你就亵渎了她的智慧。
美国广告经营者奥格尔维D
When a woman tries on clothing from her closet that feels tight, she will assume she has gained weight. When a man tries something from his closet that feels tight, he will assume the clothing has shrunk.
一个衣帽间里的女人发现一件衣服变紧了,她会认为自己长胖了。一个衣帽间里的男人发现一件衣服变紧了,他会认为衣服缩水了。
傲慢的 assuming; bloated; bumptious; haughty; arrogant
霸占 commandeer; usurpation; assumed
摆架子 assume
不逊的 irreverent; haughty; impertinent; rude; assuming
摆架子 [bǎi jià zǐ] /put on airs/assume great airs/
呈 [chéng] /to assume (a form)/to submit/to petition/to show/to present/to offer/
承担 [chéng dān] /undertake/assume (responsibility, etc.)/
假定 [jiǎ dìng] /to assume/to suppose/
接管 [jiē guǎn] /take over/assume control/
就任 [jiù rèn] /take office/assume a post/
就职 [jiù zhí] /take office/assume a post/
设想 [shè xiǎng] /imagine/assume/tentative plan/
Well, no gain without pain, they say.
人们说，不劳就无获。
But what about pain without gain?
但是，如果有劳却无获又会怎样呢？
Everywhere you go in America, you hear tales of corporate revival.
在美国，无论你走到哪里都会听到企业复苏的故事。
What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.
商人们自认为的他们所领导的生产力革命是否确有其事，这一点更加难以确定。
Another line of thought assumes a memory storage system of limited capacity that provides adaptive flexibility specifically through forgetting.
另一种思路则假定人的记忆存储系统储量有限，这个系统专门通过遗忘提供适应的灵活性。
Such data offer gross support of contemporary models of memory that assume an input-output balance.
这些数据为假定输入——输出持衡的当代记忆模式提供了明确的证据。
{adj: alkahestic} of or pertaining to the alkahest that alchemists assumed to exist
{adj: antic, fantastic, fantastical, grotesque} ludicrously odd
"Hamlet's assumed antic disposition"
"fantastic Halloween costumes"
"a grotesque reflection in the mirror"
{adj: assumed, arrogated} taken as your right without justification
"was hearing evidence in an assumed capacity"
"Congress's arrogated powers over domains hitherto belonging to the states"
{adj: assumed, assumptive, taken for granted} accepted as real or true without proof
"an assumed increase in population"
"the assumed reason for his absence"
"assumptive beliefs"
"his loyalty was taken for granted"
{adj: assumed, false, fictitious, fictive, pretended, put on, sham} adopted in order to deceive
"an assumed name"
"an assumed cheerfulness"
"a fictitious address"
"fictive sympathy"
"a pretended interest"
"a put-on childish voice"
"sham modesty"
{adj: assumptive, assuming, presumptuous} excessively forward
"an assumptive person"
"on a subject like this it would be too assuming for me to decide"
"the duchess would not put up with presumptuous servants"
{adj: do-nothing} characterized by inability or unwillingness to work toward a goal or assume responsibility
"a do-nothing government"
{adj: feckless} not fit to assume responsibility
{adj: husbandly} related to or suited to a husband
"assumed husbandly duties like mowing the lawn"
{adj: operational} pertaining to a process or series of actions for achieving a result
"operational difficulties"
"they assumed their operational positions"
{adj: pseudonymous} bearing or identified by an assumed (often pen) name
"the writings of Mark Twain are pseudonymous"
{adj: reversible} capable of assuming or producing either of two states
"a reversible chemical reaction"
"a reversible cell"
{adj: self-imposed} voluntarily assumed or endured
"self-imposed exile"
{adv: analytically} by virtue of analysis
"assuming that the distinction is maintained one may ask which is to be analytically prior?"
{adv: implicitly} without ever expressing so clearly
"he implicitly assumes that you know the answer"
<-> explicitly
{adv: theoretically, on paper, in theory} according to the assumed facts
"on paper the candidate seems promising"
{n: Cincinnatus, Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus} Roman statesman regarded as a model of simple virtue; he twice was called to assume dictatorship of Rome and each time retired to his farm (519-438 BC)
{n: East India Company} an English company formed in 1600 to develop trade with the new British colonies in India and southeastern Asia; in the 18th century it assumed administrative control of Bengal and held it until the British army took over in 1858 after the Indian Mutiny
{n: Evangelist} (when capitalized) any of the spiritual leaders who are assumed to be authors of the Gospels in the New Testament: Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John
{n: Eysenck Personality Inventory, EPI} a self-report personality inventory based on Hans Eysenck's factor analysis of personality which assumes three basic factors (the two most important being extraversion to introversion and neuroticism)
{n: Hoffa, Jimmy Hoffa, James Riddle Hoffa} United States labor leader who was president of the Teamsters Union; he was jailed for trying to bribe a judge and later disappeared and is assumed to have been murdered (1913-1975)
{n: Jewish calendar, Hebrew calendar} (Judaism) the calendar used by the Jews; dates from 3761 BC (the assumed date of the creation of the world); a lunar year of 354 days is adjusted to the solar year by periodic leap years
{n: John Paul I, Albino Luciano} the first Pope to assume a double name; he reigned for only 34 days (1912-1978)
{n: Lappic, Lappish} any of the languages spoken by the Lapps and generally assumed to be Uralic languages
{n: Luke, Saint Luke, St. Luke} (New Testament) the Apostle closely associated with St. Paul and traditionally assumed to be the author of the third Gospel
{n: Mark, Saint Mark, St. Mark} Apostle and companion of Saint Peter; assumed to be the author of the second Gospel
{n: Occam, William of Occam, Ockham, William of Ockham} English scholastic philosopher and assumed author of Occam's Razor (1285-1349)
{n: Osman I, Othman I} the conqueror of Turkey who founded the Ottoman Empire and the Ottoman dynasty that ruled Turkey after the 13th century; conquered most of Asia Minor and assumed the title of emir in 1299 (1259-1326)
{n: Read method of childbirth, Read method} a method of natural childbirth that assumes it is a normal process and that the pain is largely psychological; involves education and breathing exercises to foster relaxation and other exercises
{n: Roman Republic} the ancient Roman state from 509 BC until Augustus assumed power in 27 BC; was governed by an elected Senate but dissatisfaction with the Senate led to civil wars that culminated in a brief dictatorship by Julius Caesar
{n: Tojo, Tojo Hideki, Tojo Eiki} Japanese army officer who initiated the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and who assumed dictatorial control of Japan during World War II; he was subsequently tried and executed as a war criminal (1884-1948)
{n: Wise Men, Magi} (New Testament) the sages who visited Jesus and Mary and Joseph shortly after Jesus was born; the Gospel According to Matthew says they were guided by a star and brought gifts of gold and frankincense and myrrh; because there were three gifts it is usually assumed that there were three of them
{n: acquisition} the act of contracting or assuming or acquiring possession of something
"the acquisition of wealth"
"the acquisition of one company by another"
{n: address} the stance assumed by a golfer in preparation for hitting a golf ball
{n: aesthetics, esthetics} (art) the branch of philosophy dealing with beauty and taste (emphasizing the evaluative criteria that are applied to art)
"traditional aesthetics assumed the existence of universal and timeless criteria of artistic value"
{n: alias, assumed name, false name} a name that has been assumed temporarily
{n: ape-man} a person assumed to have been raised by apes
{n: assumption} the act of assuming or taking for granted
"your assumption that I would agree was unwarranted"
{n: attention} a motionless erect stance with arms at the sides and feet together; assumed by military personnel during drill or review
"the troops stood at attention"
{n: audible} a football play is changed orally after both teams have assumed their positions at the line of scrimmage
{n: axiom} (logic) a proposition that is not susceptible of proof or disproof; its truth is assumed to be self-evident
{n: bellwether} someone who assumes leadership of a movement or activity
{n: catenary} the curve theoretically assumed by a perfectly flexible and inextensible cord of uniform density and cross section hanging freely from two fixed points
{n: cladistics, cladistic analysis} a system of biological taxonomy based on the quantitative analysis of comparative data and used to reconstruct cladograms summarizing the (assumed) phylogenetic relations and evolutionary history of groups of organisms
{n: college level} the level of education that college students are assumed to have attained
{n: conduction aphasia, associative aphasia} aphasia in which the lesion is assumed to be in the association tracts connecting the various language centers in the brain; patient's have difficulty repeating a sentence just heard
{n: conservator} someone appointed by a court to assume responsibility for the interests of a minor or incompetent person
{n: constant} a number representing a quantity assumed to have a fixed value in a specified mathematical context
"the velocity of light is a constant"
{n: control} a spiritual agency that is assumed to assist the medium during a seance
{n: dispassion, dispassionateness, dryness} objectivity and detachment
"her manner assumed a dispassion and dryness very unlike her usual tone"
{n: employee stock ownership plan, ESOP} a program under which employees regularly accumulate shares and may ultimately assume control of the company
{n: entrepreneur, enterpriser} someone who organizes a business venture and assumes the risk for it
{n: existentialism, existential philosophy, existentialist philosophy} (philosophy) a 20th-century philosophical movement chiefly in Europe; assumes that people are entirely free and thus responsible for what they make of themselves
{n: extraterrestrial being, extraterrestrial, alien} a form of life assumed to exist outside the Earth or its atmosphere
{n: first in first out, FIFO} inventory accounting in which the oldest items (those first acquired) are assumed to be the first sold
{n: flip-flop} an electronic circuit that can assume either of two stable states
{n: fuzzy logic} a form of mathematical logic in which truth can assume a continuum of values between 0 and 1
{n: givenness} the quality of being granted as a supposition; of being acknowledged or assumed
{n: human nature} the shared psychological attributes of humankind that are assumed to be shared by all human beings
"a great observer of human nature"
{n: hyperbolic geometry} a non-Euclidean geometry in which it is assumed that through any point there are two or more parallel lines that do not intersect a given line in the plane
{n: impersonator, imitator} someone who (fraudulently) assumes the appearance of another
{n: knee bend, squat, squatting} exercising by repeatedly assuming a crouching position with the knees bent; strengthens the leg muscles
{n: last in first out, LIFO} inventory accounting in which the most recently acquired items are assumed to be the first sold
{n: leaf shape, leaf form} any of the various shape that leaves of plants can assume
{n: lemma} a subsidiary proposition that is assumed to be true in order to prove another proposition
{n: lithotomy position} a position lying on your back with knees bent and thighs apart; assumed for vaginal or rectal examination
{n: lycanthropy} (folklore) the magical ability of a person to assume the characteristics of a wolf
{n: mathematical space, topological space} (mathematics) any set of points that satisfy a set of postulates of some kind
"assume that the topological space is finite dimensional"
{n: oxycephaly, acrocephaly} a congenital abnormality of the skull; the top of the skull assumes a cone shape
{n: parametric statistic} any statistic computed by procedures that assume the data were drawn from a particular distribution
{n: performance bond, surety bond} a bond given to protect the recipient against loss in case the terms of a contract are not filled; a surety company assumes liability for nonperformance
{n: petitio principii, petitio} the logical fallacy of assuming the conclusion in the premises; begging the question
{n: placebo effect} any effect that seems to be a consequence of administering a placebo; the change is usually beneficial and is assumed result from the person's faith in the treatment or preconceptions about what the experimental drug was supposed to do; pharmacologists were the first to talk about placebo effects but now the idea has been generalized to many situations having nothing to do with drugs
{n: polymorph} an organism that can assume more than one adult form as in the castes of ants or termites
{n: pose} a posture assumed by models for photographic or artistic purposes
{n: position, posture, attitude} the arrangement of the body and its limbs
"he assumed an attitude of surrender"
{n: postulation, predication} (logic) a declaration of something self-evident; something that can be assumed as the basis for argument
{n: postulator} someone who assumes or takes something for granted as the basis of an argument
{n: premise, premiss, assumption} a statement that is assumed to be true and from which a conclusion can be drawn
"on the assumption that he has been injured we can infer that he will not to play"
{n: prostration} the act of assuming a prostrate position
{n: protein folding, folding} the process whereby a protein molecule assumes its intricate three-dimensional shape
"understanding protein folding is the next step in deciphering the genetic code"
{n: psychoanalytic process} a process that is assumed to occur in psychoanalytic theory
{n: quantum chromodynamics, QCD} a theory of strong interactions between elementary particles (including the interaction that binds protons and neutrons in the nucleus); it assumes that strongly interacting particles (hadrons) are made of quarks and that gluons bind the quarks together
{n: reclining} the act of assuming or maintaining a reclining position
{n: regress, reasoning backward} the reasoning involved when you assume the conclusion is true and reason backward to the evidence
{n: regression} (psychiatry) a defense mechanism in which you flee from reality by assuming a more infantile state
{n: reinsurance} sharing the risk by insurance companies; part or all of the insurer's risk is assumed by other companies in return for part of the premium paid by the insured
"reinsurance enables a client to get coverage that would be too great for any one company to assume"
{n: rhythm method of birth control, rhythm method, rhythm, calendar method of birth control, calendar method} natural family planning in which ovulation is assumed to occur 14 days before the onset of a period (the fertile period would be assumed to extend from day 10 through day 18 of her cycle)
{n: sartorius, sartorius muscle, musculus sartorius} a muscle in the thigh that helps to rotate the leg into the sitting position assumed by a tailor; the longest muscle in the human body
{n: selsyn, synchro} a system consisting of a generator and a motor so connected that the motor will assume the same relative position as the generator; the generator and the motor are synchronized
{n: shadow cabinet} a group of senior members of the political party that is out of power; these members would probably assume corresponding positions as ministers in the British Cabinet if their party was elected
{n: shamble, shambling, shuffle, shuffling} walking with a slow dragging motion without lifting your feet
"from his shambling I assumed he was very old"
{n: sitting, posing} (photography) the act of assuming a certain position (as for a photograph or portrait)
"he wanted his portrait painted but couldn't spare time for the sitting"
{n: sitting} the act of assuming or maintaining a seated position
"he read the mystery at one sitting"
{n: squat, squatting} the act of assuming or maintaining a crouching position with the knees bent and the buttocks near the heels
{n: standing} the act of assuming or maintaining an erect upright position
{n: toggle switch, toggle, on-off switch, on/off switch} a hinged switch that can assume either of two positions
{n: transsexualism} condition in which a person assumes the identity and permanently acts the part of the gender opposite to his or her biological sex
{n: universe, universe of discourse} everything stated or assumed in a given discussion
{n: variable, variable quantity} a quantity that can assume any of a set of values
{n: vicious circle} an argument that assumes that which is to be proved
{n: wolf boy} a male person assumed to have been raised by wolves
{n: zoanthropy} the delusion that you have assumed the form of an animal
{v: about-face} change one's mind and assume the opposite viewpoint
{v: assume, acquire, adopt, take on, take} take on a certain form, attribute, or aspect
"His voice took on a sad tone"
"The story took a new turn"
"he adopted an air of superiority"
"She assumed strange manners"
"The gods assume human or animal form in these fables"
{v: assume, adopt, take on, take over} take on titles, offices, duties, responsibilities
"When will the new President assume office?"
{v: assume, presume, take for granted} take to be the case or to be true ; accept without verification or proof
"I assume his train was late"
{v: assume, take, strike, take up} occupy or take on
"He assumes the lotus position"
"She took her seat on the stage"
"We took our seats in the orchestra"
"She took up her position behind the tree"
"strike a pose"
{v: assume, usurp, seize, take over, arrogate} seize and take control without authority and possibly with force ; take as one's right or possession
"He assumed to himself the right to fill all positions in the town"
"he usurped my rights"
"She seized control of the throne after her husband died"
{v: assume} Christianity, obsolete ; take up someone's soul into heaven
"This is the day when May was assumed into heaven"
{v: attitudinize, attitudinise} assume certain affected attitudes
{v: bear, take over, accept, assume} take on as one's own the expenses or debts of another person
"I'll accept the charges"
"She agreed to bear the responsibility"
{v: become, go, get} enter or assume a certain state or condition
"He became annoyed when he heard the bad news"
"It must be getting more serious"
"her face went red with anger"
"She went into ecstasy"
"Get going!"
{v: change shape, change form, deform} assume a different shape or form
{v: co-opt} take or assume for one's own use
"He co-opted the criticism and embraced it"
{v: come} enter or assume a condition, relation, use, or position
"He came into contact with a terrorist group"
"The shoes came untied"
"I came to see his point of view"
"her face went red with anger"
"The knot came loose"
"Your wish will come true"
{v: cover} help out by taking someone's place and temporarily assuming his responsibilities
"She is covering for our secretary who is ill this week"
{v: crystallize, crystalize, crystalise, effloresce} assume crystalline form ; become crystallized
{v: crystallize, crystallise, crystalize, crystalise} cause to form crystals or assume crystalline form
"crystallize minerals"
{v: fall, return, pass, devolve} be inherited by
"The estate fell to my sister"
"The land returned to the family"
"The estate devolved to an heir that everybody had assumed to be dead"
{v: fall} assume a disappointed or sad expression
"Her face fell when she heard that she would be laid off"
"his crest fell"
{v: feminize, feminise} assume (more) feminine characteristics
"feminized language"
"feminized frogs"
{v: fill, take} assume, as of positions or roles
"She took the job as director of development"
{v: flex, bend, deform, twist, turn} cause (a plastic object) to assume a crooked or angular form
"bend the rod"
"twist the dough into a braid"
"the strong man could turn an iron bar"
<-> unbend
{v: guarantee, vouch} give surety or assume responsibility
"I vouch for the quality of my products"
{v: impersonate, portray} assume or act the character of
"She impersonates Madonna"
"The actor portrays an elderly, lonely man"
{v: lie down, lie} assume a reclining position
"lie down on the bed until you feel better"
<-> arise
{v: masculinize, masculinise, virilize, virilise} produce virilism in or cause to assume masculine characteristics, as through a hormonal imbalance or hormone therapy
"the drugs masculinized the teenage girl"
{v: model, pose, sit, posture} assume a posture as for artistic purposes
"We don't know the woman who posed for Leonardo so often"
{v: namedrop} refer to people that one assumes one's interlocutors admire in order to try to impress them
{v: postulate, posit} take as a given ; assume as a postulate or axiom
"He posited three basic laws of nature"
{v: prim} assume a prim appearance
"They mince and prim"
{v: quantize, quantise} apply quantum theory to ; restrict the number of possible values of (a quantity) or states of (a physical entity or system) so that certain variables can assume only certain discrete magnitudes that are integral multiples of a common factor
"Quantize gravity"
{v: re-assume} take on again, as after a time lapse
"He re-assumed his old behavior"
{v: reinsure} insure again by assuming all or a part of the liability of an insurance company already covering a risk
{v: reinsure} insure again by transferring to another insurance company all or a part of a liability assumed
{v: relax, loosen up} become less tense, less formal, or less restrained, and assume a friendlier manner
"our new colleague relaxed when he saw that we were a friendly group"
{v: resume} assume anew
"resume a title"
"resume an office"
"resume one's duties"
{v: salute, present} recognize with a gesture prescribed by a miltary regulation ; assume a prescribed position
"When the officers show up, the soldiers have to salute"
{v: silence} keep from expression, for example by threats or pressure
"All dissenters were silenced when the dictator assumed power"
{v: simulate, assume, sham, feign} make a pretence of
"She assumed indifference, even though she was seething with anger"
"he feigned sleep"
{v: slump, slouch} assume a drooping posture or carriage
{v: sponsor, patronize, patronise} assume sponsorship of
{v: sponsor} assume responsibility for or leadership of
"The senator announced that he would sponsor the health care plan"
{v: take hold, take charge, take control} assume control
{v: take office} assume an office, duty, or title
"When will the new President take office?"
<-> leave office
{v: toe} walk so that the toes assume an indicated position or direction
"She toes inwards"
{v: turn} cause to change or turn into something different
assume new characteristics
"The princess turned the frog into a prince by kissing him"
"The alchemists tried to turn lead into gold"
{v: wear, put on, get into, don, assume} put clothing on one's body
"What should I wear today?"
"He put on his best suit for the wedding"
"The princess donned a long blue dress"
"The queen assumed the stately robes"
"He got into his jeans"
Armed with such a precept, a number of doctors may slip into deceptive practices that they assume will " do no harm " and they may well help their patients.
有了这样的信条撑腰，很多的医生会滑向欺骗的深渊，认为谎言不会 "造成伤害 "，只会帮助病人。
Price says it is important to look under the microscope and not assume that a person s symptoms are due to alcohol.
普赖斯还说，重要的是应在显微镜下查看而不能推断是由于酒精导致了患者的症状。
His early work was close to Fauvism, but already in 1908, when the artist was active at Brittany, his landscapes assumed new features foreshadowing the emerging cubism.
他的早期作品风格接近野兽派，但在 1908年，当他活跃在布列塔尼画坛时，他的风景画已呈现出新的面貌，预示着正在出现的立体主义。
He assumed I'd follow in my mother's footsteps and enroll in the local University to study teaching, and that I'd marry into one of the other long-established Chinese clans on the islands and settle down as he and my mother had.
他指望我步母亲的后尘，上当地的大学，学师范专业，之后嫁入在夏威夷群岛上定居时间已经很长的某个华人家族，从而安居乐业，就像他和母亲一样过日子。
Assuming Nokia and other mobile communications manufacturers have the technology, all that stands in the way of this megatrend is how quickly mobile operators will make the investments to upgrade their networks.
假定诺基亚和其他移动通信制造商拥有了该项技术，阻碍这一巨大发展趋向的全部因素就是移动通信运营商将在多快的时间内投资更新他们的网络。
Assume an average of four.
假定平均为四人。
Assuming 250 working days, one tuner can handle 1,000 pianos a year.
假定一年有 250个工作日，一个钢琴调音师一年可调 1000架钢琴。
The Primacy of Genes also assumes that genes act on their own.
基因至上论还认为基因可以自发作用。
Most parents assumed that children would want more time with them, but only 10% did.
大多数父母以为孩子们会希望多与他们在一起，但结果只有 10%的孩子有这个愿望。
I assume many millions more are deciding whether to get one or a device that runs the rival Windows CE or the Psion 5mx.
我假设还有数以百万计的人正在考虑是否买一个这样的东西，或者一个可以运行与其竞争的 Windows CE 或 Psion5mx 的装置。
Great comic artists assume that truth may bear all lights, and thus they seek to accentuate contradictions in social action, not gloss over or tran- scend them by appeals to extrasocial symbols of divine ends, cosmic purpose, or laws of nature.
伟大的喜剧艺术家们认为，真理可呈现出各种不同的表现形态，故而他们力图强调社会行为中的对立矛盾，而不是通过诉诸于那些代表着神圣目标、字宙目的、或自然法则的超社会象片符号去掩饰或超越它们。
The comic community to which artists address themselves is a community of reasoning, loving, joyful, compassionate beings, who are willing to assume the human risks of acting rationally.
艺术家们所致力表现的那个不乏喜剧色彩的社会，是一个由那些具有理性思维能力、充满爱心、快乐、和富于怜悯之心的人类构成的社会，他们甘愿承担人类理性行动的风险。
If only oxidative metabolic rate is considered, therefore, one might assume that smaller, more active, animals could prey on larger ones, at least if they attacked in groups.
倘若仅仅考虑氧化新陈代谢速度的话，人们或许会假设，那些较小的、较为活跃的动物可以捕食较大的动物，至少是如果它们成群结队发起攻击的话。
Long before the Romantics stressed intuition and self-expression, the frenzy of inspiration was regarded as fundamental to art, but philosophers had always assumed it must be controlled by law and by the intellectual power of putting things into harmonious order.
早在浪漫主义艺术家强调直觉和自我表达之前，灵感的癫狂被视作艺术之根本，但哲学家一贯认为，它必须受制于规律法则，受制于那种将万物组织成和谐秩序的理性力量。
But compass sense alone cannot explain how birds navigate the ocean: after a flock traveling east is blown far south by a storm, it will assume the proper northeasterly course to compensate.
但是，方位感本身不足以解释鸟类是如何在海洋上空导航的：当一群东飞的候鸟被暴风雨吹向偏南方之后，这群鸟会采取适度的东北方向以补偿误差。
This model assumes that the atmosphere's relative humidity remains constant and the temperature decreases with altitude at a rate of 6.5°C per kilometer.
该模型假设，大气的相对湿度保持稳定不变，这种情况下温度将以每公里6.5℃的比例随着高度的上升而递增。
A computer simulation based on this theory has reproduced the appearance of many spiral galaxies without assuming an underlying density wave, the hallmark of the most widely accepted theory of the large-scale structure of spiral galaxies.
建立在这一理论基础上的一种计算机模拟研究再现了许多螺旋形星系的外观，在此过程中并不假设一基本密度波（density wave）的存在，而所谓的密度波则是那种最广为人们接受的有关大规模螺旋形星结构理论的标志特征。
In effect, in trying to demonstrate that the imagination is more profound and less submissive to the intellect than Saint-Beuve assumed, Proust elicited vital memories of his own and, finding subtle connections between them, began to amass the material for Remembrance.
事实上，为了试图证明想象力要比圣伯夫所假设的来得更为深刻，且并非那么易于屈服于理性，普鲁斯特引发了他自己的至关重要的记忆，发现它们之间不无微妙的联系，便开始为《似水年华》收集材料。
However, there is no reason to assume that ragtime is inherently mechanical simply because commercial manufacturers applied a mechanical recording method to ragtime, the only way to record pianos at that date.
然则，决无理由假设，仅因为商业制造商采用了一种机械的录音方法来录制散拍乐——当时灌制钢琴音乐的唯一方法——散拍乐在根本上就是机械的。
Since Neolithic times, sculpture has been considered the prerogative of men, partly, perhaps, for purely physical reasons: it was erroneously assumed that women were not suited for the hard manual labor required in sculpting stone, carving wood, or working in metal.
自从新石器时代（Neolithic times）以来，雕塑一直被视作男人的特权，部分程度上或计是因为纯粹的生理原因：人们误以为女性不适于雕石、刻木、镂制金属所必需的繁重体力劳动。
He also cites Russia, which has tightened restrictions on the technology and equipment it supplies for Iran's nuclear energy program but would be reluctant to give up the lucrative contracts. European allies still favor a dialogue and negotiations to dissuade Tehran from its nuclear pursuits even though they appear to be losing patience with Iran's defiant behavior. Washington is pushing for a much tougher approach. The next showdown for Iran is the IAEA meeting in September to review its cooperation on inspections of its facilities. But analysts say Iran probably figures it can buy time before tougher action is taken by assuming there will be no dramatic shift in the international community's strategy before the U.S. presidential elections in November.
他还提到了俄罗斯。俄罗斯开始进一步限制对伊朗核计划提供技术和设备，但它不愿放弃利益丰厚的合同。欧洲国家虽然对伊朗一意孤行的做法感到不满，但还是主张通过对话磋商来说服德黑兰放弃发展核武器。而华盛顿力图采取更加严厉的措施来解决这个问题。伊朗将在9月份面临再次摊牌， 届时，国际原子能机构会对伊朗与其在核设备检查方面的合作情况做出评估。但是分析人士说，伊朗会估计，在11月份美国大选前，国际社会对它发展核武器问题的处理策略不会有太大改变，因此在联合国采取更严厉的行动之前，它还能争取到一些时间。
"In a foxhole there are no political parties. It is a mistake to assume that military votes are Republican votes," he said. "The bulk of the [U.S.] enlisted military comes from inner cities and rural areas that form the Democratic core. Military personnel don't like being used as props for political purposes. We need to honor their service. Don't deploy them wantonly. Give them the compensation, the recognition and the tools they need and above all, don't patronize them."
他说“在防弹坑里是没有政党可言的。认为对军事行动的投票就是对共和党的投票那就错了。美国大部份兵员来自市中心的贫民区和农村地区这些民主党的核心地带。参军的人不愿把自己作为政治工具。我们应当尊重他们为国服役。不要随便的使用他们。对他们要给予补偿，给予重视，给予必要的工具，尤其是不要用居高临下、神气十足地态度对待他们。”
It is assumed that 据推测
A09
Diarrhoea and gastroenteritis of presumed infectious origin
Note: In countries where any term listed in A09 without further
specification can be assumed to be of noninfectious origin, the condition should be
classified to K52.9.
Catarrh, enteric or intestinal
Colitis-NOS haemorrhagic septic
Enteritis-NOS haemorrhagic septic
Gastroenteritis-NOS haemorrhagic septic
Diarrhoea:
．NOS
．dysenteric
．epidemic
Infectious diarrhoeal disease NOS
Excludes: due to bacterial, protozoal, viral and other specified infectious agents
(A00-A08)
noninfective diarrhoea (K52.9)
．neonatal (P78.3)
推定为感染性之腹泻及胃肠炎
注 ： 在任何国家列於 A09 而无更进一步明示之非感染
性腹泻及胃肠炎 ， 应归类於 K52.9 。
小肠的或肠道的卡他性
大肠炎 - 其他未明示的出血性败血性
肠炎 - 其他未明示的出血性败血性
胃肠炎 - 其他未明示的出血性败血性
腹泻 ：
． 其他未明示者
． 痢疾性
． 流行性
其他未明示的感染性腹泻疾病
不包含 ： 细菌性、原虫性、病毒性和其他明示的感
染原所致 ( A00-A08 )
非感染性腹泻 ( K52.9 )
． 新生儿的 ( P78.3 )
.7
Residual and late-onset psychotic disorder
A disorder in which alcohol- or psychoactive substance-induced changes of cognition,
affect, personality, or behaviour persist beyond the period during which a direct
psychoactive substance-related effect might reasonably be assumed to be operating. Onset
of the disorder should be directly related to the use of the psychoactive substance. Cases
in which initial onset of the state occurs later than episode(s) of such substance use
should be coded here only where clear and strong evidence is available to attribute the
state to the residual effect of the psychoactive substance. Flashbacks may be
distinguished from psychotic state partly by their episodic nature, frequently of very
short duration, and by their duplication of previous alcohol- or other psychoactive
substance-related experiences.
Alcoholic dementia NOS
Chronic alcoholic brain syndrome
Dementia and other milder forms of persisting impairment of cognitive functions
Flashbacks
Late-onset psychoactive substance-induced psychotic disorder
Posthallucinogen perception disorder
Residual:
. affective disorder
. disorder of personality and behaviour
Excludes: alcohol- or psychoactive substance-induced:
. Korsakov's syndrome (F10-F19 with common fourth char- acter .6)
. psychotic state (F10-F19 with common fourth character .5)
残馀及晚发精神病症
此病症是因酒精或精神作用物质引起认知、情感、
人格或行为的改变 ， 此变化会较原先精神作用质引
起的效果持续续得更久。此病症的发病必须和使用
酒精或精神作用物质直接相关。要有明确及强烈的
证据显示发病是因使用精神作用物质後的残馀效果
时才能归类於此诊断。重现现象 （F1x.70） 与精神病症
是不同的 ， 其区别之要点是其短暂性、阵发性、以
及其重覆先前酒精或其他精神作用物质相关之经验
。
酒精性痴呆症 ， 其他未明示者
慢性酒精性脑徵候群
痴呆症与其他轻型持久性认知功能障碍
重现现象
晚发性精神作用物质引起之精神病性疾病
幻觉剂使用後知觉障碍症
残馀性 ：
． 情感障碍症
． 人格与行为障碍症
不包含 ： 酒精或精神作用物质引起 ：
． 柯沙科夫徵候群 （F10-F19 与有第 ４ 码.6 者 ）
． 精神病性状态 （F10-F19 与有第 ４ 码.5 者 ）
F43.2
Adjustment disorders
States of subjective distress and emotional disturbance, usually interfering with social
functioning and performance, arising in the period of adaptation to a significant life
change or a stressful life event. The stressor may have affected the integrity of an
individual's social network (bereavement, separation experiences) or the wider system of
social supports and values (migration, refugee status), or represented a major
developmental transition or crisis (going to school, becoming a parent, failure to attain
a cherished personal goal, retirement). Individual predisposition or vulnerability plays
an important role in the risk of occurrence and the shaping of the manifestations of
adjustment disorders, but it is nevertheless assumed that the condition would not have
arisen without the stressor. The manifestations vary and include depressed mood, anxiety
or worry (or mixture of these), a feeling of inability to cope, plan ahead, or continue in
the present situation, as well as some degree of disability in the performance of daily
routine. Conduct disorders may be an associated feature, particularly in adolescents. The
predominant feature may be a brief or prolonged depressive reaction, or a disturbance of
other emotions and conduct.
Culture shock
Grief reaction
Hospitalism in children
Excludes: separation anxiety disorder of childhood （F93.0）
适应障碍症
主观的苦恼或情绪困扰状态 ， 通常对社会功能及社
交表现造成妨碍 ， 此状况发生於对某一重大生活改
变或生活压力事件後的适应时期。此压力事件可能
已影响到一个人社会网路的整全状态 （ 如生离死别
） ， 或影响到更大的社会支持或价值系统 （ 如移民
流亡 ） ， 或代表一种发展之转型或危机 （ 如上学、
初为人父、人母、未能达成人生既定目标、退休 ）
。个别的体质及易罹病性对此疾病发生的危险性及
适应障碍症状表现的形式扮演重要的角色 ， 但假定
没有此压力事件 ， 就不会有此种疾病的产生。临床
表现上各式各样 ， 包含忧郁、焦虑、烦恼 （ 或以上
的混合 ） ， 感觉无法去应付 ， 无法事前做计划或觉
得在目前的环境下无法继续做下去 ， 而每天的例行
表现也有某种程度的损害。行为障碍可能是连带的
表现 ， 尤其在青少年。最显着的表现可能是短期或
长期忧郁或其他情绪、行为障碍。
文化休克
悲伤反应
儿童住院徵候群
不包含 ： 儿童期分离焦虑症 （93.0）
J40
Bronchitis, not specified as acute or chronic
Note: Bronchitis not specified as acute or chronic in those under 15 years of age can be
assumed to be of acute nature and should be classified to J20.-
Bronchitis:
. NOS
. catarrhal
. with tracheitis NOS
Tracheobronchitis NOS
Excludes: bronchitis:
. allergic NOS (J45.0)
. asthmatic NOS (J45.9)
. chemical (acute) (J68.0)
未明示急性或慢性之支气管炎
注 ： 在 15 岁以下病患 ， 未明示急性或慢性之支气管炎
， 可以假设为急性而将它归类於 J20.-
支气管炎 ：
． 其他未明示
． 黏膜性
． 伴有其他未明示之气管炎
其他未明示之气管支气管炎
不包含 ： 下列支气管炎 ：
． 其他未明示之过敏性者 (J45.0)
． 其他未明示之哮喘性者 (J45.9)
． 化学性 ( 急性 ) (J68.0)
(c)
A traffic accident is any vehicle accident occurring on the public
highway [i.e. originating on, terminating on, or involving a vehicle partially on the
highway]. A vehicle accident is assumed to have occurred on the public highway unless
another place is specified, except in the case of accidents involving only off-road motor
vehicles, which are classified as nontraffic accidents unless the contrary is stated.
所谓交通事故是指发生在公路上的任何交通工具意
外事故〔也部是发生在公路上、结束在公路上、或
是涉及一辆部份在公路上的交通工具〕。除非有明
示其他地点 ， 或是意外事故的个案中只有牵涉到非
公路用交通工具 ， 否则都假设交通工具意外事故是
发生於公路上 ， 而在只有牵涉到非公路用交通工具
的意外事故个案中 ， 若无叙述其为交通事故则皆归
为非交通事故。
1.
If an event is unspecified as to whether it was a traffic or a
nontraffic accident, it is assumed to be:
(a) A traffic accident when the event is classifiable to categories V1 V82 and V87.
(b) A nontraffic accident when the event is classifiable to categories V83-V86. For these
categories the victim is either a pedestrian, or an occupant of a vehicle designed
primarily for off-road use.
如果一个事件未被明示为交通事故或非交通事故 ，
那麽它将被假设为 ：
( a ) 交通事故当此事件可归类於类别 V10-V82 及 V87 。
( b ) 非交通事故当此事件可归类於类别 V83-V86 。在上述
类别中受害者若非行人 ， 即为非公路用车辆的乘员
。
Z63.4
Disappearance and death of family member
Assumed death of family member
家庭成员的失踪及死亡
加庭成员的假定死亡
assumed mean 假定均数
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