affect [ ə'fekt] vt.影响；感动
affect to 假装
affect [ə'fekt] vt. 影响,打动,感动
affected [ ə'fektid] adj．不自然的，假装的
affect [ə'fekt] vt.影响，改变，感动
affected [ə'fektid] a.受了影响的
受灾地区 disaster-affected are
Many external factors affect the market in this country.
许多外界因素影响着这个国家的市场。
Her personal problems seem to be affecting her work.
她个人方面的问题似乎正影响着她的工作。
Loud music can affect your hearing.
喧噪的音乐会影响你的听力。
The whole community was affected by the terrible event.
这可怕的事件使整个社区大受震动。
The points you have raised do not affect my opinion.
你提出的那几点并不能使我改变观点。
Remember that your decision will affect a large number of people.
请记住，你的决定将影响到许多人。
The president said that his government's stand would not be affected by outside pressures.
总统说外界压力不能改变他的政府的立场。
My pay was affected by the reorganization of the business.
公司重组影响了我的收入。
There has been an increasing awareness that many people are affected by crime.
人们已经越来越意识到犯罪行为影响到很多人。
I wouldn’t recommend reading in this light; it may affect your eyes.
我不赞成在这样的光线下读书，这会损伤你的眼睛。
Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity.
外部奖励，从热情洋溢的话语表扬到冷冰冰的现金，如何影响一个人的动机和创造力，对这一点，心理学家们采取完全不同的观点。
Politicians should not engage in business affairs that might affect their political judgement.
政治家不应该参与那些可能会影响其政治判
断力的商业事务。
A The Olympics will have an impact on everything in Beijing.
A 奥运会的召开对北京的方方面面将产生重大的影响。
B You’re right. It will affect every aspect of life in the city.
B 说得对。它将会影响到城市生活的各个方面。
A The Olympics will be good for tourism.
A 奥运会对旅游业有促进作用。
B Yes, and they'll be good for business, too. Especially for hotels and restaurants.
B 是的，而且对商业发展也大有好处。尤其是对旅馆业和餐饮业。
A There will be more tourists than ever before.
A 到时旅游者会比平时多很多。
You can say that something will have an affect by saying: The Olympics will have a huge impact on life in Beijing / The Olympics will have a huge impact on life in Beijing.
你可以这样说某事将会有影响作用：The Olympics will have a huge impact on life in Beijing /奥运会的召开对北京将有巨大的冲击作用。
Almost any situation---good or bad ---is affected by the attitude we bring to .
Lucius Annaus Seneca, Ancient Roman philosopher
差不多任何一种处境——无论是好是坏——都受到我们对待处境的态度的影响。
古罗马哲学家西尼加L A
A teacher affects eternity; he can never tell where his influence stops.
H.B.Adams, American historian
教师的影响是永恒的；无法估计他的影响会有多深远。
美国历史学家亚当斯H B
affect v.影响;假装;爱好
affected a.造作的;不自然的
爱好 propensity; appetite; be fond of; gusto; hobby; incline; interest; liking; love; relish; affect
波及 affect
拔毒 [bá dú] /draw out pus by applying a plaster to the affected area/
波及 [bō jí] /spread to/involve/affect/
感 [gǎn] /to feel/to move/to touch/to affect/
感到 [gǎn dào] /to feel/to sense/to have the feeling that/think that/to move/to affect/
关系 [guān xi ] /relation/relationship/to concern/to affect/to have to do with/relations/guanxi/
着 [zháo] /part. indicates the successful result of a verb/to touch/to come in contact with/to feel/to be affected by/to catch fire/to fall asleep/to burn/
Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge.
专业化可被视为针对科学知识不断膨胀这个问题所做出的反应。
By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units, one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research.
通过将学科细化，个人能够继续处理这些不断膨胀的信息并将它们作为深入研究的基础。
But specialisation was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication.
但是专业化仅是科学领域内一系列影响交流过程的有关现象之一。
Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity.
另一现象是科学活动的日益职业化。
And should one country take upon itself the role of "defending competition" on issues that affect many other nations, as in the US vs. Microsoft case?
在那些将会影响许多其他国家的事情中，如美国政府与微软公司的诉讼案，一个国家是否应该担负起“保护竞争”的责任呢？
Rather, we have a certain conception of the American citizen, a character who is incomplete if he cannot competently assess how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself.
我们更应该具有的是作为美国公民的某种观念，即他必须准确判断自身的生活和幸福是如何受到外界影响的，否则他的公民特征就是不完整的。
But this was not always the case; before it was legally required for all children to attend school until a certain age, it was widely accepted that some were just not equipped by nature to pursue this kind of education.
但是情况并不总是如此；在法律要求所有儿童必须上学至一定年龄之前，人们普遍认为有些儿童天生就适合接受这种教育。
The flight from overcrowdedness affects the migration from snow belt to more bearable climates.
离开人口过度稠密区的做法影响了以前那种离开寒冷地带去气候宜人之地的趋势。
Drugs (substances) that affect the central nervous system and alter perception, mood, and behavior are known as psychoactive substances.
影响中枢神经系统、改变感知觉和行为的药物（物质）属于对神经起显著作用的物质，
Psychoactive substances are commonly grouped according to whether they are stimulants, depressants, or hallucinogen.
它们通常分为兴奋剂、镇静剂和幻觉剂。
Stimulants initially speed up or activate the central nervous system, whereas depressants slow it down.
Hallucinogens have their primary effect on perception, distorting and altering it in a variety of ways including producing hallucinations.
兴奋剂主要起到加速或激活中枢神经系统的作用，而镇静剂则相反：减缓它的活动。幻觉剂主要影响人的感知，通过多种方式对感知加以扭曲或改变，其中包括产生幻觉。
These are the substances often called psychedelic (from the Greek word meaning "mind-manifestation") because they seemed to radically alter one's state of consciousness.
这些物质常被认为能“引起幻觉”（psychedelic一词源于希腊语，意为“心灵显现”），因为它们似乎能改变人的意识状态。
{adj: affected, unnatural} speaking or behaving in an artificial way to make an impression
<-> unaffected
{adj: affected} acted upon; influenced
<-> unaffected
{adj: affecting, poignant, touching} arousing affect
"the homecoming of the released hostages was an affecting scene"
"poignant grief cannot endure forever"
"his gratitude was simple and touching"
{adj: afflicted, stricken} grievously affected especially by disease
{adj: aguish} affected by ague
{adj: albinal, albinotic, albinic, albinistic} of or pertaining to or affected by albinism
{adj: anasarcous} characterized by or affected by dropsy
{adj: aneurysmal, aneurismal, aneurysmatic, aneurismatic} relating to or affected by an aneurysm
{adj: anicteric} not affected by jaundice
{adj: anterograde} of amnesia; affecting time immediately following trauma
<-> retrograde
{adj: aphasic} related to or affected by aphasia
"aphasic speech"
{adj: aroused, emotional, excited, worked up} (of persons) excessively affected by emotion
"he would become emotional over nothing at all"
"she was worked up about all the noise"
{adj: arteriosclerotic} affected by arteriosclerosis
{adj: articular, articulary} relating to or affecting the joints of the body
"the articular surfaces of bones"
"articular disease"
{adj: atrioventricular, auriculoventricular} relating to or affecting the atria and ventricles of the heart
"atrioventricular disease"
{adj: autistic} characteristic of or affected with autism
"autistic behavior"
"autistic children"
{adj: bilateral} affecting or undertaken by two parties
"a bilateral agreement between the United States and Japan"
{adj: bimolecular} relating to or affecting two molecules
{adj: bizarre, eccentric, freakish, freaky, flaky, flakey, gonzo, off-the-wall, outlandish, outre} conspicuously or grossly unconventional or unusual
"restaurants of bizarre design--one like a hat, another like a rabbit"
"famed for his eccentric spelling"
"a freakish combination of styles"
"his off-the-wall antics"
"the outlandish clothes of teenagers"
"outre and affected stage antics"
{adj: blasting, ruinous} causing injury or blight; especially affecting with sudden violence or plague or ruin
"the blasting effects of the intense cold on the budding fruit"
"the blasting force of the wind blowing sharp needles of sleet in our faces"
"a ruinous war"
{adj: blighted, spoilt} affected by blight--anything that mars or events growth or prosperity
"a blighted rose"
"blighted urban districts"
{adj: bodily, corporal, corporeal, somatic} affecting or characteristic of the body as opposed to the mind or spirit
"bodily needs"
"a corporal defect"
"corporeal suffering"
"a somatic symptom or somatic illness"
{adj: brainsick, crazy, demented, distracted, disturbed, mad, sick, unbalanced, unhinged} affected with madness or insanity
"a man who had gone mad"
{adj: bursal} relating to or affecting a bursa
{adj: cancerous} relating to or affected with cancer
"a cancerous growth"
{adj: cardiopulmonary, cardiorespiratory} of or pertaining to or affecting both the heart and the lungs and their functions
"cardiopulmonary resuscitation"
{adj: carious} (of teeth) affected with cavities or decay
{adj: cataleptic} of or having characteristics of or affected with catalepsy
"cataleptic persons"
"cataleptic state"
{adj: charred} having been burned so as to affect color or taste
{adj: colorectal} relating to or affecting the colon and the rectum
"most colorectal cancers arise from adenomatous polyps"
{adj: concerned, interested} involved in or affected by or having a claim to or share in
"a memorandum to those concerned"
"an enterprise in which three men are concerned"
"factors concerned in the rise and fall of epidemics"
"the interested parties met to discuss the business"
{adj: congestive} relating to or affected by an abnormal collection of blood or other fluid
"congestive heart disease"
{adj: conscience-smitten} affected by conscience
{adj: convulsive, spasmodic, spastic} affected by involuntary jerky muscular contractions; resembling a spasm
"convulsive motions"
"his body made a spasmodic jerk"
"spastic movements"
{adj: cutaneous, cutaneal, dermal} relating to or existing on or affecting the skin
"cutaneous nerves"
"a cutaneous infection"
{adj: dandified, dandyish, foppish} affecting extreme elegance in dress and manner
{adj: deep} relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply
"a deep breath"
"a deep sigh"
"deep concentration"
"deep emotion"
"a deep trance"
"in a deep sleep"
<-> shallow
{adj: dejected} affected or marked by low spirits
"is dejected but trying to look cheerful"
<-> elated
{adj: disaffected, ill-affected, malcontent, rebellious} discontented as toward authority
{adj: earthshaking, world-shaking, world-shattering} sufficiently significant to affect the whole world
"earthshaking proposals"
"the contest was no world-shaking affair"
"the conversation...could hardly be called world-shattering"
{adj: electric, galvanic, galvanizing, galvanising} affected by emotion as if by electricity; thrilling
"gave an electric reading of the play"
"the new leader had a galvanic effect on morale"
{adj: epidemic} (especially of medicine) of disease or anything resembling a disease; attacking or affecting many individuals in a community or a population simultaneously
"an epidemic outbreak of influenza"
<-> endemic, ecdemic
{adj: ex post facto, retroactive, retro} affecting things past
"retroactive tax increase"
"an ex-post-facto law"
"retro pay"
{adj: feverish, feverous} having or affected by a fever
{adj: frenzied, manic} affected with or marked by frenzy or mania uncontrolled by reason
"a frenzied attack"
"a frenzied mob"
"the prosecutor's frenzied denunciation of the accused"- H.W.Carter
"outbursts of drunken violence and manic activity and creativity"
{adj: frozen} turned into ice; affected by freezing or by long and severe cold
"the frozen North"
"frozen pipes"
"children skating on a frozen brook"
<-> unfrozen
{adj: functional} involving or affecting function rather than physiology
"functional deafness"
<-> organic
{adj: general} affecting the entire body
"a general anesthetic"
"general symptoms"
<-> local
{adj: glaciated} covered with ice (as by a glacier) or affected by glacial action
{adj: glandular} relating to or affecting or functioning as a gland
"glandular malfunctions"
{adj: hemic, haemic, hematic, haematic} relating to or containing or affecting blood
"a hematic cyst"
"a hematic crisis"
{adj: hepatic} pertaining to or affecting the liver
"hepatic ducts"
"hepatic cirrhosis"
{adj: highly sensitive} readily affected by various agents
"a highly sensitive explosive is easily exploded by a shock"
"a sensitive colloid is readily coagulated"
{adj: histrionic, melodramatic} characteristic of acting or a stage performance; often affected
"histrionic gestures"
"an attitude of melodramatic despair"
"a theatrical pose"
{adj: hydrokinetic} relating to fluids in motion or the forces that produce or affect such motion
<-> hydrostatic
{adj: hyperthermal} of or relating to or affected by hyperthermia
{adj: hypothermic} of or relating to or affected by hypothermia
{adj: ill, sick} affected by an impairment of normal physical or mental function
"ill from the monotony of his suffering"
<-> well
{adj: immune} (usually followed by `to') not affected by a given influence
"immune to persuasion"
{adj: impervious, imperviable} not admitting of passage or capable of being affected
"a material impervious to water"
"someone impervious to argument"
<-> pervious
{adj: impressed} deeply or markedly affected or influenced
{adj: ischemic, ischaemic} relating to or affected by ischemia
{adj: itchy} causing an irritating cutaneous sensation; being affect with an itch
"he had an itchy toe from the mosquito bite"
{adj: jaundiced, icteric, yellow} affected by jaundice which causes yellowing of skin etc
{adj: jaundiced} showing or affected by prejudice or envy or distaste
"looked with a jaundiced eye on the growth of regimentation"
"takes a jaundiced view of societies and clubs"
{adj: joint} affecting or involving two or more
"joint income-tax return"
"joint ownership"
{adj: labyrinthine} relating to or affecting or originating in the inner ear
"labyrinthine deafness"
{adj: liable, nonimmune, nonresistant, unresistant} (often followed by `to') likely to be affected with
"liable to diabetes"
{adj: literary} appropriate to literature rather than everyday speech or writing
"when trying to impress someone she spoke in an affected literary style"
{adj: lobar} of or relating to or affecting a lobe
"lobar pneumonia"
{adj: local} affecting only a restricted part or area of the body
"local anesthesia"
<-> general
{adj: lunatic, moonstruck} insane and believed to be affected by the phases of the moon
{adj: material} concerned with or affecting physical as distinct from intellectual or psychological well-being
"material needs"
"the moral and material welfare of all good citizens"- T.Roosevelt
{adj: mental} affected by a disorder of the mind
"a mental patient"
"mental illness"
{adj: metastatic} relating to or affected by metastasis
"metastatic growth"
{adj: milk-sick} affected with or related to milk sickness
{adj: mind-bending, mind-blowing} intensely affecting the mind especially in producing hallucinations
{adj: mind-blowing} intensely affecting the mind or emotions
"spending a week in the jungle was a mind-blowing experience"
"a mind-blowing horror story"
{adj: moved, affected, stirred, touched} being excited or provoked to the expression of an emotion
"too moved to speak"
"very touched by the stranger's kindness"
<-> unmoved
{adj: necrotic} relating to or affected by necrosis
"necrotic tissue"
{adj: neonatal} relating to or affecting the infant during the first month after birth
"neonatal care"
"the neonatal period"
{adj: nephritic} affected by nephritis
{adj: neuromuscular} affecting or characteristic of both neural and muscular tissue
{adj: neurotic, psychoneurotic} affected with emotional disorder
<-> unneurotic
{adj: neurotic} characteristic of or affected by neurosis
"neurotic disorder"
"neurotic symptoms"
{adj: neurotropic} (of a virus, toxin, or chemical) tending to attack or affect the nervous system preferentially
{adj: nonpsychoactive} not affecting the mind or mental processes
"a nonpsychoactive pain reliever"
<-> psychoactive
{adj: nymphomaniacal, nymphomaniac} (used of women) affected with excessive sexual desire
{adj: oral} of or relating to or affecting or for use in the mouth
"oral hygiene"
"an oral thermometer"
"an oral vaccine"
{adj: organic} involving or affecting physiology or bodily organs
"an organic disease"
<-> functional
{adj: palsied} affected with palsy or uncontrollable tremor
"palsied hands"
{adj: paralytic, paralyzed} affected or subject to with paralysis
{adj: partial} being or affecting only a part; not total
"a partial description of the suspect"
"partial collapse"
"a partial eclipse"
"a partial monopoly"
"partial immunity"
{adj: pericardial, pericardiac} located around the heart or relating to or affecting the pericardium
"pericardial space"
{adj: peritoneal} of or relating to or affecting the peritoneum
"peritoneal cancer"
{adj: personal} concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality
"a personal favor"
"for your personal use"
"personal papers"
"I have something personal to tell you"
"a personal God"
"he has his personal bank account and she has hers"
<-> impersonal
{adj: philharmonic} devoted to or appreciative of music
"the most philharmonic ear is at times deeply affected by a simple air"
{adj: pneumonic, pulmonary, pulmonic} relating to or affecting the lungs
"pulmonary disease"
{adj: pneumonic} pertaining to or characterized by or affected by pneumonia
"pneumonic plague"
{adj: psychic, psychical} affecting or influenced by the human mind
"psychic energy"
"psychic trauma"
{adj: psychoactive, psychotropic} affecting the mind or mood or other mental processes
"psychoactive drugs"
<-> nonpsychoactive
{adj: public} affecting the people or community as a whole
"community leaders"
"community interests"
"the public welfare"
{adj: resistant} impervious to being affected
"resistant to the effects of heat"
"resistant to persuasion"
{adj: retrograde} of amnesia; affecting time immediately preceding trauma
<-> anterograde
{adj: rickety, rachitic} affected with, suffering from, or characteristic of rickets
"rickety limbs and joints"
"a rachitic patient"
{adj: scarred} deeply affected or marked by mental or physical pain or injury
"Could her scarred mind ever be free of fear?"
"a face scarred by anxiety"
"the fire left her arm badly scarred"
{adj: sensitive} of or pertaining to classified information or matters affecting national security
{adj: shallow} not deep or strong; not affecting one deeply
"shallow breathing"
"a night of shallow fretful sleep"
"in a shallow trance"
<-> deep
{adj: sick} deeply affected by a strong feeling
"sat completely still, sick with envy"
"she was sick with longing"
{adj: smitten, stricken, struck} (used in combination) affected by something overwhelming
"conscience-smitten"
"awe-struck"
{adj: sober} not affected by a chemical substance (especially alcohol)
<-> intoxicated
{adj: specific} being or affecting a disease produced by a particular microorganism or condition; used also of stains or dyes used in making microscope slides
"quinine is highly specific for malaria"
"a specific remedy"
"a specific stain is one having a specific affinity for particular structural elements"
<-> nonspecific
{adj: spiritual, unearthly} concerned with or affecting the spirit or soul
"a spiritual approach to life"
"spiritual fulfillment"
"spiritual values"
"unearthly love"
{adj: squint-eyed} affected by strabismus
{adj: stormy} (especially of weather) affected or characterized by storms or commotion
"a stormy day"
"wide and stormy seas"
<-> calm
{adj: structural} affecting or involved in structure or construction
"the structural details of a house such as beams and joists and rafters; not ornamental elements"
"structural damage"
{adj: stuffy} affected with a sensation of stoppage or obstruction
"a stuffy feeling in my chest"
{adj: subject} likely to be affected by something (especially something unpleasant)
"the bond is subject to taxation"
"he is subject to fits of depression"
{adj: superficial} being or affecting or concerned with a surface; not deep or penetrating emotionally or intellectually
"superficial similarities"
"a superficial mind"
"his thinking was superficial and fuzzy"
"superficial knowledge"
"the superficial report didn't give the true picture"
"only superficial differences"
<-> profound
{adj: superior} (often followed by `to') above being affected or influenced by
"he is superior to fear"
"an ignited firework proceeds superior to circumstances until its blazing vitality fades"
{adj: symptomatic} relating to or according to or affecting a symptom or symptoms
"symptomatic relief"
"symptomatic treatment"
"a symptomatic classification of diseases"
{adj: systemic} affecting an entire system
"a systemic poison"
{adj: taken} be affected with an indisposition
"the child was taken ill"
"couldn't tell when he would be taken drunk"
{adj: thrombosed} affected with or obstructed by a clot of coagulated blood
{adj: thyrotoxic} of or relating to or affected by hyperthyroidism
{adj: tight} affected by scarcity and expensive to borrow
"tight money"
"a tight market"
{adj: unaffected} free of artificiality; sincere and genuine
"an unaffected grace"
<-> affected
{adj: unaffected} undergoing no change when acted upon
"entirely unaffected by each other's writings"
"fibers remained apparently unaffected by the treatment"
<-> affected
{adj: unaffecting} not arousing affect
{adj: unfrightened} not affected by fright
{adj: uninfluenced, unswayed, untouched} not influenced or affected
"stewed in its petty provincialism untouched by the brisk debates that stirred the old world"- V.L.Parrington
"unswayed by personal considerations"
{adj: veinal} relating to the veins of plants
"leaves affected with veinal mosaic"
{adj: visceral, splanchnic} relating to or affecting the viscera
"visceral bleeding"
"a splanchnic nerve"
{adj: woebegone, woeful} affected by or full of grief or woe
"his sorrow...made him look...haggard and...woebegone"- George du Maurier
{adj: wonder-struck} affected by or overcome with wonder
{adj: worn} affected by wear; damaged by long use
"worn threads on the screw"
"a worn suit"
"the worn pockets on the jacket"
<-> new
{adv: adversely} in an adverse manner
"she was adversely affected by the new regulations"
{adv: affectedly} in an affected manner
{adv: hard, severely} causing great damage or hardship
"industries hit hard by the depression"
"she was severely affected by the bank's failure"
{adv: insignificantly} not to a significant degree or amount
"Our budget will only be insignificantly affected by these new cuts"
<-> significantly
{adv: negatively} in a harmful manner
"he was negatively affected"
{adv: recently, late, lately, of late, latterly} in the recent past
"he was in Paris recently"
"lately the rules have been enforced"
"as late as yesterday she was fine"
"feeling better of late"
"the spelling was first affected, but latterly the meaning also"
{adv: secondarily} of secondary import
"secondarily affected"
<-> primarily
{adv: significantly} in a significant manner
"our budget will be significantly affected by these new cuts"
<-> insignificantly
{adv: similarly, likewise} in like or similar manner
"He was similarly affected"
"some people have little power to do good, and have likewise little strength to resist evil"- Samuel Johnson
{adv: vocationally} affecting the pursuit of a vocation or occupation
"vocationally trained"
{n: Albright's disease, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia} fibrous dysplasia of bone affecting multiple bones
{n: Andricus, genus Andricus} cynipid gall wasps, chiefly affecting oaks
{n: Becker muscular dystrophy} a form of muscular dystrophy that sets in in adolescence or adulthood and progresses slowly but will affect all voluntary muscles; characterized by generalized weakness and muscle wasting that affects limb and trunk muscles first; similar to Duchenne's muscular dystrophy but less severe; inheritance is X-linked recessive (carried by females but affecting only males)
{n: Becquerel, Henri Becquerel, Antoine Henri Becquerel} French physicist who discovered that rays emitted by uranium salts affect photographic plates (1852-1908)
{n: Buber, Martin Buber} Israeli religious philosopher (born in Austria); as a Zionist he promoted understanding between Jews and Arabs; his writings affected Christian thinkers as well as Jews (1878-1965)
{n: Bunyaviridae} a large family of arboviruses that affect a wide range of hosts (mainly vertebrates and arthropods)
{n: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy} a form of neuropathy that can begin between childhood and young adulthood; characterized by weakness and atrophy of the muscles of the hands and lower legs; progression is slow and individuals affected can have a normal life span; inheritance is X-linked recessive or X-linked dominant
{n: Duchenne's muscular dystrophy, pseudohypertrophic dystrophy} the most common form of muscular dystrophy; inheritance is X-linked recessive (carried by females but affecting only males)
{n: El Nino southern oscillation} a more intense El Nino that occurs every few years when the welling up of cold nutrient-rich water does not occur; kills plankton and fish and affects weather patterns
{n: Gongora, Luis de Gongora y Argote} a Spanish poet whose work was characterized by an affected elegance of style (1561-1627)
{n: Gongorism} an affected elegance of style that was introduced into Spanish literature by the poet Gongora
{n: Gongorist} a practitioner of the affected elegant style of the Spanish poet Gongora
{n: Gulf War syndrome, Persian Gulf illness} a medical condition of uncertain origin that affected many veterans of the 1991 Gulf War; characterized by fatigue and headache and dizziness and nausea and rashes and joint pain and respiratory disorders
{n: Oxford English} the dialect of English spoken at Oxford University and regarded by many as affected and pretentious
{n: Still's disease, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis} a form of rheumatoid arthritis that affects children; large joints become inflamed and bone growth may be retarded
{n: abdominal actinomycosis} a serious form of actinomycosis that affects the abdomen
{n: acne vulgaris} the most common form of acne; usually affects people from puberty to young adulthood
{n: affected role, patient role, patient} the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause
{n: affect} the conscious subjective aspect of feeling or emotion
{n: airs, pose} affected manners intended to impress others
"don't put on airs with me"
{n: alpha receptor, alpha-adrenergic receptor, alpha-adrenoceptor} receptors postulated to exist on nerve cell membranes of the sympathetic nervous system in order to explain the specificity of certain agents that affect only some sympathetic activities (such as vasoconstriction and relaxation of intestinal muscles and contraction of smooth muscles)
{n: animal disease} a disease that typically does not affect human beings
{n: antisocial personality disorder, sociopathic personality, psychopathic personality} a personality disorder characterized by amorality and lack of affect; capable of violent acts without guilt feelings (`psychopathic personality' was once widely used but was superseded by `sociopathic personality' to indicate the social aspects of the disorder, but now `antisocial personality disorder' is the preferred term)
{n: aphasic} someone affected by aphasia or inability to use or understand language
{n: atypical pneumonia, primary atypical pneumonia, mycoplasmal pneumonia} an acute respiratory disease marked by high fever and coughing; caused by mycoplasma; primarily affecting children and young adults
{n: beta receptor, beta-adrenergic receptor, beta-adrenoceptor} receptors postulated to exist on nerve cell membranes of the sympathetic nervous system in order to explain the specificity of certain agents that affect only some sympathetic activities (such as vasodilation and increased heart beat)
{n: botulism} food poisoning from ingesting botulin; not infectious; affects the CNS; can be fatal if not treated promptly
{n: bovine spongiform encephalitis, BSE, mad cow disease} a fatal disease of cattle that affects the central nervous system; causes staggering and agitation
{n: calamity, catastrophe, disaster, tragedy, cataclysm} an event resulting in great loss and misfortune
"the whole city was affected by the irremediable calamity"
"the earthquake was a disaster"
{n: cane blight} a disease affecting the canes of various bush fruits (e.g., raspberries or currants)
{n: catalyst, accelerator} (chemistry) a substance that initiates or accelerates a chemical reaction without itself being affected
<-> anticatalyst
{n: cervicofacial actinomycosis, lumpy jaw} the commonest and least severe form of actinomycosis; affects the face and neck regions
{n: chronic wasting disease} a wildlife disease (akin to bovine spongiform encephalitis) that affects deer and elk
{n: cloud} suspicion affecting your reputation
"after that mistake he was under a cloud"
{n: coffee blight} a blight affecting the coffee plant
{n: collar blight} a disease affecting the trunks of pear and apple trees
{n: concern} something that interests you because it is important or affects you
"the safety of the ship is the captain's concern"
{n: conditional contract} a contract whose performance depends on a fact or event that affects legal relations
{n: conservation of momentum} the principle that the total linear momentum in a closed system is constant and is not affected by processes occurring inside the system
{n: control experiment} an experiment designed to control for variables affecting the results of another experiment
{n: cowpox, vaccinia} a viral disease of cattle causing a mild skin disease affecting the udder; formerly used to inoculate humans against smallpox
{n: culture shock} a condition of disorientation affecting someone who is suddenly exposed to an unfamiliar culture or way of life or set of attitudes
{n: cyclops, water flea} minute free-swimming freshwater copepod having a large median eye and pear-shaped body and long antennae used in swimming; important in some food chains and as intermediate hosts of parasitic worms that affect man e.g. Guinea worms
{n: cytomegalovirus, CMV} any of a group of herpes viruses that enlarge epithelial cells and can cause birth defects; can affect humans with impaired immunological systems
{n: dermatomyositis} myositis characterized by weakness of limb and neck muscles and much muscle pain and selling accompanied by skin rash affecting cheeks and eyelids and neck and chest and limbs; progression and severity vary among individuals
{n: disaster area} a region whose population is affected by a general disaster
{n: displacement} (psychiatry) a defense mechanism that transfers affect or reaction from the original object to some more acceptable one
{n: drought, drouth} a shortage of rainfall
"farmers most affected by the drought hope that there may yet be sufficient rain early in the growing season"
{n: economic process} any process affecting the production and development and management of material wealth
{n: endocrinologist} physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of conditions affecting the endocrine system
{n: flag smut fungus} a smut fungus causing a smut in cereals and other grasses that chiefly affects leaves and stems and is characterized chains of sori within the plant tissue that later rupture releasing black masses of spores
{n: flag smut} smut affecting leaves and stems of cereals and other grasses
{n: glucocorticoid} a steroid hormone that is produced by the adrenal cortex of animals; affects functioning of gonads and has anti-inflammatory activity
{n: habitus} person's predisposition to be affected by something (as a disease)
"the consumptive habitus"
{n: halo blight} a blight affecting the leaves of oats and other grasses
{n: head cold} a common cold affecting the nasal passages and resulting in congestion and sneezing and headache
{n: hemophilia, haemophilia, bleeder's disease} congenital tendency to uncontrolled bleeding; usually affects males and is transmitted from mother to son
{n: hepatotoxin} any toxin that affects the liver
{n: herpes simplex encephalitis, herpes encephalitis, acute inclusion body encephalitis} common form of acute encephalitis caused by herpes simplex 1; usually affects the temporal and frontal lobes
{n: herpes simplex, herpes simplex virus} a herpes virus that affects the skin and nervous system
{n: herpes simplex} an infection caused by the herpes simples virus; affects the skin and nervous system; produces small temporary (but sometimes painful) blisters on the skin and mucous membranes
{n: hold} power by which something or someone is affected or dominated
"he has a hold over them"
{n: hyperparathyroidism} excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone resulting in abnormally high levels of calcium in the blood; can affect many systems of the body (especially causing bone resorption and osteoporosis)
<-> hypoparathyroidism
{n: illness, unwellness, malady, sickness} impairment of normal physiological function affecting part or all of an organism
<-> wellness
{n: industry analyst} an analyst of conditions affecting a particular industry
{n: influence} a power to affect persons or events especially power based on prestige etc
"used her parents' influence to get the job"
{n: interface} the overlap where two theories or phenomena affect each other or have links with each other
"the interface between chemistry and biology"
{n: interstitial pneumonia} chronic lung disease affecting the interstitial tissue of the lungs
{n: intervention} (law) a proceeding that permits a person to enter into a lawsuit already in progress; admission of person not an original party to the suit so that person can protect some right or interest that is allegedly affected by the proceedings
"the purpose of intervention is to prevent unnecessary duplication of lawsuits"
{n: joker} an inconspicuous clause in a document or bill that affects its meaning in a way that is not immediately apparent
"when I demanded my money he showed me the joker in the contract"
{n: kidney disease, renal disorder, nephropathy, nephrosis} a disease affecting the kidneys
{n: lepromatous leprosy} a very serious form of leprosy characterized by lesions that spread over much of the body and affecting many systems of the body
{n: levallorphan, Lorfan} drug (trade name Lorfan) that is related to morphine but that counteracts the respiratory depression produced by morphine poisoning but without affecting its analgesic effects
{n: lidar} a measuring system that detects and locates objects on the same principle as radar but uses light from a laser; a potential technology for detecting air turbulence that can affect aircraft
{n: liquidator, receiver} (law) a person (usually appointed by a court of law) who liquidates assets or preserves them for the benefit of affected parties
{n: liver disease} a disease affecting the liver
{n: lobar pneumonia} pneumonia affecting one or more lobes of the lung; commonly due to streptococcal infection
{n: lumbago, lumbar pain} backache affecting the lumbar region or lower back; can be caused by muscle strain or arthritis or vascular insufficiency or a ruptured intervertebral disc
{n: lupus erythematosus, LE} a chronic inflammatory collagen disease affecting connective tissue (skin or joints)
{n: macaroni} a British dandy in the 18th century who affected Continental mannerisms
"Yankee Doodle stuck a feather in his cap and called it macaroni"
{n: mange} a persistent and contagious disease of the skin causing inflammation and itching and loss of hair; affects domestic animals (and sometimes people)
{n: market analyst} an analyst of conditions affecting a market (especially the stock market)
{n: mental exhaustion, brain-fag} exhaustion that affects mental keenness
{n: military capability, military strength, strength, military posture, posture} capability in terms of personnel and materiel that affect the capacity to fight a war
"we faced an army of great strength"
"politicians have neglected our military posture"
{n: mutant gene} a gene that has changed so that the normal transmission and expression of a trait is affected
{n: myotonic muscular dystrophy, myotonic dystrophy, myotonia atrophica, Steinert's disease} a severe form of muscular dystrophy marked by generalized weakness and muscular wasting that affects the face and feet and hands and neck; difficult speech and difficulty with the hands that spreads to the arms and shoulders and legs and hips; the onset can be any time from birth to middle age and the progression is slow; inheritance is autosomal dominant
{n: nephrotoxin} any toxin that affects the kidneys
{n: neurologist, brain doctor} a medical specialist in the nervous system and the disorders affecting it
{n: neurotoxin, neurolysin} any toxin that affects neural tissues
{n: niche, ecological niche} (ecology) the status of an organism within its environment and community (affecting its survival as a species)
{n: oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy} a form of muscular dystrophy that usually begins between early adulthood and middle age and first affects muscles of the eyelid and throat; progresses slowly with swallowing problems common as the disease progresses; inheritance is autosomal dominant
{n: oligopoly} (economics) a market in which control over the supply of a commodity is in the hands of a small number of producers and each one can influence prices and affect competitors
{n: osteosarcoma, osteogenic sarcoma} malignant bone tumor; most common in children and young adults where it tends to affect the femur
{n: parliamentary agent} a person who is employed to look after the affairs of businesses that are affected by legislation of the British Parliament
{n: photoelectricity} electricity generated by light or affected by light
{n: pit of the stomach, epigastric fossa} a slight depression in the midline just below the sternum (where a blow can affect the solar plexus)
{n: plant disease} a disease that affects plants
{n: pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma, pleomorphic rhabdosarcoma} form of rhabdomyosarcoma that affects limb muscles of older adults
{n: primness, prudishness, prudery, Grundyism} excessive or affected modesty
{n: principle of relativity} (physics) a universal law that states that the laws of mechanics are not affected by a uniform rectilinear motion of the system of coordinates to which they are referred
{n: process, cognitive process, mental process, operation, cognitive operation} (psychology) the performance of some composite cognitive activity; an operation that affects mental contents
"the process of thinking"
"the cognitive operation of remembering"
{n: propositus} the person immediately affected by or concerned with an action
{n: prostaglandin} a potent substance that acts like a hormone and is found in many bodily tissues (and especially in semen); produced in response to trauma and may affect blood pressure and metabolism and smooth muscle activity
{n: psoriatic arthritis} a form of rheumatoid arthritis usually affecting fingers and toes and associated with psoriasis
{n: psychopharmacology} the study of drugs that affect the mind
{n: public law} a law affecting the public at large
{n: reflexive pronoun, reflexive} a personal pronoun compounded with -self to show the agent's action affects the agent
{n: religiosity, religionism, religiousism, pietism} exaggerated or affected piety and religious zeal
{n: renin} a proteolytic enzyme secreted by the kidneys; catalyzes the formation of angiotensin and thus affects blood pressure
{n: requirement, demand} required activity
"the requirements of his work affected his health"
"there were many demands on his time"
{n: respiratory disease, respiratory illness, respiratory disorder} a disease affecting the respiratory system
{n: roundness} the quality of being round numbers
"he gave us the results in round numbers, but their roundness didn't affect the point he was making"
{n: scleroderma, dermatosclerosis} an autoimmune disease that affects the blood vessels and connective tissue; fibrous connective tissue is deposited in the skin
{n: sentimentality} extravagant or affected feeling or emotion
{n: severe combined immunodeficiency, severe combined immunodeficiency disease, SCID} a congenital disease affecting T cells that can result from a mutation in any one of several different genes; children with it are susceptible to infectious disease; if untreated it is lethal within the first year or two of life
{n: skin disease, disease of the skin, skin disorder, skin problem, skin condition} a disease affecting the skin
{n: spina bifida, rachischisis, schistorrhachis} a not uncommon congenital defect in which a vertebra is malformed; unless several vertebrae are affected or there is myelomeningocele there are few symptoms; can be diagnosed by amniocentesis
{n: spiritual being, supernatural being} an incorporeal being believed to have powers to affect the course of human events
{n: spondylarthritis} arthritis that affects one or more of the intervertebral joints in the spine
{n: stage fright} fear that affects a person about to face an audience
{n: staggers, blind staggers} a disease of the central nervous system affecting especially horses and cattle; characterized by an unsteady swaying gait and frequent falling
{n: steroid hormone, steroid, sex hormone} any hormone affecting the development and growth of sex organs
{n: superficiality} shallowness in terms of affecting only surface layers of something
"he ignored the wound because of its superficiality"
{n: susceptibility, susceptibleness} the state of being susceptible; easily affected
<-> unsusceptibility
{n: swot, grind, nerd, wonk, dweeb} an insignificant student who is ridiculed as being affected or studying excessively
{n: sympathy} a relation of affinity or harmony between people; whatever affects one correspondingly affects the other
"the two of them were in close sympathy"
{n: tabula rasa} a young mind not yet affected by experience (according to John Locke)
{n: taret organ} (endocrinology) organ most affected by a particular hormone
{n: thoracic actinomycosis} a serious form of actinomycosis that affects the chest
{n: toff, nob} an elegantly dressed man (often with affected manners)
{n: tushery} writing of poor quality; characterized by affected choice of archaic words
{n: unaffectedness} not affected; a personal manner that is not consciously constrained
<-> affectedness
{n: unction, smarm, fulsomeness} excessive but superficial compliments given with affected charm
{n: vasopressin, antidiuretic hormone, ADH, Pitressin} hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland (trade name Pitressin) and also by nerve endings in the hypothalamus; affects blood pressure by stimulating capillary muscles and reduces urine flow by affecting reabsorption of water by kidney tubules
{n: water on the knee} hydrarthrosis affecting the knee
{n: wheat flag smut, Urocystis tritici} fungus affecting leaves and stems of wheat
{v: affect, impact, bear upon, bear on, touch on, touch} have an effect upon
"Will the new rules affect me?"
{v: affect, impress, move, strike} have an emotional or cognitive impact upon
"This child impressed me as unusually mature"
"This behavior struck me as odd"
{v: affect} act physically on ; have an effect upon
{v: amaze, astonish, astound} affect with wonder
"Your ability to speak six languages amazes me!"
{v: attitudinize, attitudinise} assume certain affected attitudes
{v: catch} be struck or affected by
"catch fire"
"catch the mood"
{v: char, blacken, scorch} burn slightly and superficially so as to affect color
"The cook blackened the chicken breast"
"The fire charred the ceiling above the mantelpiece"
"the flames scorched the ceiling"
{v: dry-rot} affect or be affected with dry-rot
{v: engrave} impress or affect deeply
"The event engraved itself into her memory"
{v: feign, sham, pretend, affect, dissemble} make believe with the intent to deceive
"He feigned that he was ill"
"He shammed a headache"
{v: hit, strike} affect or afflict suddenly, usually adversely
"We were hit by really bad weather"
"He was stricken with cancer when he was still a teenager"
"The earthquake struck at midnight"
{v: hurt, injure} cause damage or affect negatively
"Our business was hurt by the new competition"
{v: infect} affect in a contagious way
"His laughter infects everyone who is in the same room"
{v: intensify} make the chemically affected part of (a negative) denser or more opaque in order produce a stronger contrast between light and dark
{v: involve, affect, regard} connect closely and often incriminatingly
"This new ruling affects your business"
{v: jar} affect in a disagreeable way
"This play jarred the audience"
{v: jaundice} affect with, or as if with, jaundice
{v: overawe, cow} subdue, restrain, or overcome by affecting with a feeling of awe ; frighten (as with threats)
{v: palsy} affect with palsy
{v: pierce} move or affect (a person's emotions, bodily feelings, etc.) deeply or sharply
"The cold pierced her bones"
"Her words pierced the students"
{v: run} be affected by ; be subjected to
"run a temperature"
"run a risk"
{v: seize, clutch, get hold of} affect
"Fear seized the prisoners"
"The patient was seized with unberable pains"
"He was seized with a dreadful disease"
{v: smite} affect suddenly with deep feeling
"He was smitten with love for this young girl"
{v: smut} affect with smut or mildew, as of a crop such as corn
{v: smut} become affected with smut
"the corn smutted and could not be eaten"
{v: snow-blind} affect with snow blindness
"the glare of the sun snow-blinded her"
{v: strike a blow} affect adversely
"The court ruling struck a blow at the old segregation laws"
{v: sun, insolate, solarize, solarise} expose to the rays of the sun or affect by exposure to the sun
"insolated paper may turn yellow and crumble"
"These herbs suffer when sunned"
{v: take} be seized or affected in a specified way
"take sick"
"be taken drunk"
{v: tell on} produce an affect or strain on somebody
"Each step told on his tired legs"
{v: tinge, color, colour, distort} affect as in thought or feeling
"My personal feelings color my judgment in this case"
"The sadness tinged his life"
{v: touch, stir} affect emotionally
"A stirring movie"
"I was touched by your kind letter of sympathy"
{v: ulcerate} affect with an ulcer
"Her stomach was ulcerated"
Dozens of observational studies since the early 1980s have suggested that calcium affects blood pressure.
自对世纪 80年代早期以来，许多的观察研究都显示钙对血压有影响。
Just how education might affect brain cells is unknown.
教育是怎样影响脑细胞的尚不清楚。
Although research shows the accuracy of both adults and children can be affected by leading or suggestive questions, the ability to resist the influence of external suggestion increases with age
虽然研究表明成年人和儿童记忆的准确性都会受到引导性提问或诱导性提问的影响，但是抵抗外来暗示的能力随着年龄的增长而增加。
" What if you 're feeling depressed or unhappy? " a student asked. " Won't that affect your writing? "
"要是你感到心情沮丧或不愉快时呢？ "一个学生问。 "难道它不会影响你的写作吗？ "
This cell death in turn affects a person's ability to walk and talk.
这种细胞的死亡依次影响患者的行走和谈话能力。
The pathology slides from 1953 also show that O'Neill's liver and other organs, often affected by chronic alcoholism, were normal.
采自 1953年的病理切片还表明奥尼尔的常受慢性酒精中毒影响的肝脏和其他器官是正常的。
" Eugene O'Neill lived a full and beautiful life and the way he died should not affect the way people view his exhaustingly beautiful work. "尤金·奥尼尔度过了充实且优雅的一生，他死的方式不应该影响人们对耗尽其一生的优秀作品的看法。
But wouldn't the knowledge that one s every move was being watched so closely affect a panellist's behaviour?
但是，小组成员知道自己每一次移动鼠标都被密切观察，这会不会影响他的行为？
The advent of intelligence tests did not dramatically affect the degree of social mobility in the U. S. --at least not enough for any change to show up in the social-science data.
智商测试的到来并没有剧烈影响到美国社会上下流动的程度－至少这种流动变化还不足以在社会学的数据上明显表露出来。
Little did we realize how profoundly Dave's generous nature would affect my life 35 years down the road.
当时我们一点儿也没有意识到，戴夫慷慨的天性会对我 35年后的生活产生深远的影响。
The growing shortage of people with information technology skills is affecting all western economics, leading some companies to offer cash bonuses for referrals.
由于越来越难以找到具备信息技术技能的人，西方所有的国家均受到了影响，致使有些公司要给引荐人发放现金奖金。
" You are the most important employees of the municipality, affecting the life of every resident directly.
"你们是市政当局最重要的官员，对每个居民的生活有直接的影响。
Gage now believes that changes in behavior can affect neurogenesis and alter the brain's wiring.
盖奇现在深信，行为的变化会影响到大脑神经的形成，改变大脑的构造。
New hope for sufferers of reflex sympathetic dystrophy( RSD), a confounding neurological disorder that affects 6 million Americans.
神经医学上的一些新发现为反射联感营养失调（ RSD ）患者带来了新的希望。
TIME: How will China's entry into the World Trade Organization affect the Internet business?
记者：中国加入 WTO ，对互联网产业有什么影响？
Showing how international capital flows affect economic strategy, thus anticipating the euro
揭示了国际资金流动对经济战略的影响，从而预见了欧元的到来。
Why would El Ni? o( which warms Pacific waters) and La Ni? a( which cools them) affect hurricanes in an entirely different ocean?
为什麽厄尔尼诺（使太平洋海水变热）和拉尼娜（使太平洋海水变冷）会在完全不同的海洋中影响飓风？
" If you were granted one wish to change the way your parents ' work affected your life, " the survey asked kids, " What would that wish be? "
调查的问题是：如果你有机会实现一个愿望来改变你父母的工作对你产生的影响，那么你的这个愿望将会是什么？
Optical astronomy is most directly affected, for although interstellar gas is perfectly transparent, the dust is not.
光学天文学（optical astronomy）受到的影响最为直接，因为虽然星际气体是全然透明的，但尘埃却并非如此。
The molecules of carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere affect the heat balance of the Earth by acting as a one-way screen.
地球大气层中的二氧化碳（carbon dioxide）分子通过充当一个单向屏障从而影响到地球的热量平衡。
And Beyond the margins of the ice sheets, climatic oscillations affected most of the rest of the world; for example, in the deserts, periods of wetter conditions (pluvials) contrasted with drier, interpluvial periods.
在超过冰原（ice sheet）边缘以外的地区，气候的交替变化影响到世界余下地区的绝大部分；例如，在沙漠地带，较为潮湿的气候条件的时期（即洪积期，pluvial与较为干燥的、间洪期（interpluvial）形成对比。
Students of United States history, seeking to identify the circumstances that encouraged the emergence of feminist movements, have thoroughly investigated the mid-nineteenth-century American economic and social conditions that affected the status of women.
研究美国历史的学者，在致力于辨别那些促成了女权主义运动崛起的状况时，早已充分地调查了美国十九世纪中叶影响着妇女的那些经济与社会条件。
What's more, Mr. Flanagan says Hurricane Katrina has also affected oil and gas industry workers. So, it's unclear how many are available to help with repairs. "As far as I've been in this business, this is the worst I've seen things," he added.
弗拉纳根说，另外卡特里娜飓风还影响到石油和天然气工人的生活，现在还不清楚有多少人可以参与修复工作。弗拉纳根说：“这是我进入这个行业以来所看到的最严重的损失。”
Agricultural sectors like the rubber and fruit industries have also been affected because workers are afraid to go into the fields.
橡胶和水果业之类的农业领域也受到影响，这是因为工人不敢下地工作。
The decision on debt cancellation represents the first victory for Britain in its three-pronged approach to making poverty history in Africa. Gordon Brown acknowledges that much work remains on boosting relief funds and on dismantling present trade barriers that greatly affect exports from developing countries.
免除债务的决定标志着英国根除非洲贫穷的三大措施首战告捷。布朗承认，在增加援助基金，消除贸易壁垒方面还有很多工作要做，贸易壁垒严重影响了发展中国家的出口贸易。
The two leaders also discussed issues affecting Europe just as Britain prepares to take on the European Union's six-month rotating presidency and international issues, namely the Middle East, Afghanistan and Iraq.
目前，正当英国即将担任为期半年的欧盟轮值主席国之际，英国和意大利两国领导人讨论了一些影响欧洲的问题和中东、阿富汗和伊拉克等国际问题。
"The focus is still on the emergency assistance, general distribution to anyone who has been affected without any conditions of any kind attached," he said. "But it's not too early to be thinking of the recovery phase."
班伯里说，“目前工作的重点仍然是提供紧急援助，无条件向所有灾民提供他们急需的生活用品。但是现在应当考虑重建问题了。”
President Bush says U.S. troops are making a significant difference in the lives of those affected by the Indian Ocean tsunami. President Bush got an update on those relief efforts, and the fight against terrorism, during a briefing by military officials at the Pentagon.
美国总统布什表示，美国部队正在极大地改善印度洋海啸受害者的生活。布什总统就救灾和反恐问题在五角大楼听取了军方官员的汇报。
Some of the president's political opponents criticized his initial pledge of $35 million for tsunami victims as too small, given the size and wealth of the United States. Mr. Bush quickly raised that amount to $350 million and says Washington is now helping lead the way to help those affected.
布什总统的一些政治反对派批评说，以美国的财富来看，布什总统最初提出的3千5百万美元海啸援助款项太小。布什很快把援助款项增加到3亿5千万，并表示华盛顿正在救灾行动中起带头作用。
Mr. Powell will attend a one-day international disaster summit in Jakarta on Thursday - before continuing his tour of the countries most affected by the tsunami.
鲍威尔星期四在雅加达参加为期一天的国际救灾首脑会议之后将继续访问海啸灾情最严重的国家。
President Bush has launched a nationwide fundraising effort to encourage private contributions for relief groups helping those affected by the devastating earthquake and tsunami in the Indian Ocean.
布什总统正式启动了一项全国性的筹款活动，鼓励私人捐献者向救援组织提供捐助。这些救援组织目前正在帮助受印度洋灾难性海啸影响的人。
"From our own experiences, we know that nothing can take away the grief of those affected by tragedy," he said. "We also know that Americans have a history of rising to meet great humanitarian challenges and of providing hope to suffering peoples. As men and women across the devastated region begin to rebuild, we offer our sustained compassion and our generosity and our assurance that America will be there to help."
布什说：“亲身经历告诉我们，没有任何东西能够消除惨剧受害者的悲痛。我们还知道，美国人民具有挺身而出、迎接巨大人道挑战的历史，具有向苦难的人民提供希望的历史。在整个受灾地区的男女民众开始重建之际，我们继续向他们表示爱心和慷慨。我们保证，美国将会出现在他们那里进行帮助。”
President Bush last week promised $350 million in U.S. government assistance for affected countries. That is ten times the $35 million that Washington initially pledged.
布什总统上星期已经向有关的受灾国承诺了3亿5千万美元的美国政府援助。目前这个数字是华盛顿3千5百万美元最初承诺数字的十倍。
It took U.S. Navy vessels several days to reach the affected area. But a five-ship task force led by the carrier Abraham Lincoln is now in position off the battered western coastline of Sumatra, which sustained perhaps the worst damage of all from the December 26 earthquake and tsunami.
美国海军军舰用了几天的时间才到达灾区。由林肯号航空母舰率领的包括其他五艘军舰的救援舰队现在已经到达苏门达腊岛的西海岸，这个地区是12月26日发生的地震和海啸中最严重的灾区。
On the civilian side, U.S. Agency for International Development Assistant Administrator James Kunder said 135 officials of the aid agency are now in affected areas, assessing how best to allocate the $350 million in earthquake and tsunami aid pledged by the Bush administration.
在政府方面，“美国国际开发署”助理署长昆德说，该援助机构有135名官员目前正在灾区，评估布什政府承诺的三亿五千万美元地震和海啸援助的最佳分配方法。
Mr. Kunder said U.S. relief operations were now underway in all Asian countries affected by the crisis with the exception of Burma, where the government has made no disaster declaration and has not given American or other international assessment teams access to coastal areas.
昆德说，美国的救济行动已在除缅甸以外的所有受危机影响的亚洲国家展开。缅甸政府目前没有宣布发生灾难，也没有允许美国或其它国际的评估小组进入缅甸沿海地区。
Mr. Powell told the NBC Today program he has contacted every one of his foreign minister colleagues from affected countries and told them to inform local U.S. embassies what their assistance needs will be. He said he expects the combined response from the United States and other major donor states to ultimately be in the billions of dollars.
鲍威尔对全国广播公司说，他跟受灾国的每一位外长都进行了联系，告诉他们通知当地的美国使馆他们都需要哪些援助。鲍威尔说，美国和其他主要捐助国的援助加在一起可望达到数十亿美元。
Governments around the world, as well as non-profit organizations, are pledging support for victims of Sunday's massive earthquake and resulting tsunamis that have affected more than a million people across the Bay of Bengal and in Indian Ocean coastal communities. Some relief and personnel are already on their way.
世界各地的政府和非政府组织纷纷表示要帮助受到地震和海啸袭击的亚洲国家。星期天的大地震及其引发的海啸冲击了孟加拉湾和印度洋沿海地区各地的一百多万人。有些救援物资和人员已经上路。
Republican President George Bush won a convincing victory in Florida, the state where the vote was disputed four years ago, leading to a lengthy delay in declaring Mr. Bush the winner of that election. A number of absentee ballots, overseas ballots and provisional ballots still have to be counted, but they are not expected to affect the outcome.
美国共和党总统布什在佛罗里达州赢得胜利。佛罗里达州4年前出现的选票争端曾经导致拖延宣布布什赢得上次大选的胜利。佛罗里达州这次也需要点算缺席选票，海外选票和临时选票，但据信它们不会影响结果。
APPEAL TO A HIGHER AUTHORITY
If your boss becomes intolerably abusive, you may have to go above his head to your personnel department or senior manager. But before you take this course, discreetly, ask coworkers if they've clashed with your boss in the past. Ideally, they will back you up and permit you to mention their names when you make your charges. That way, you can bring a pattern of behavior to management's attention. Begin by asking, “Can I have a discussion with you off the record?" Then cite examples that show how your boss's treatment negatively affects your performance. Make it clear that you want to improve the situation, not punish your boss. If discipline is what he needs, let the higher-ups make that call.
诉诸更高的上级
如果你的老板滥用权力到了令人难以容忍的地步，你就得越过他直接找人事部门或高级经理了。但在你采取这一步骤之前，要谨慎地询问一下同事，他们是否过去也与你的老板有过冲突。他们可能会支持你并且允许你在上告时提到他们的名字。这样你就可以提请公司主管注意你老板的不当行为。你可以这样发问：“我能和你作一次非正式的谈话吗？”然后举例说明你上司的作法如何影响你的工作。你要表明你想改进现状，而非惩罚你的老板。如果你的老板需要纪律约束的话，那就让上级打电话通知他吧.
spsc-51160000
Drugs affecting the respiratory tract
呼吸系统用药物
spsc-51170000
Drugs affecting the gastrointestinal system
消化系统用药物
spsc-51190000
Agents affecting water and electrolytes
调节水、电解质平衡药物
spsc-51240000
Drugs affecting Naso auropharyngeal system
鼻咽部疾病用药物
Organic, including symptomatic, mental
disorders (F00-F09)
This block comprises a range of mental disorders grouped together on the basis of their
having in common a demonstrable etiology in cerebral disease, brain injury, or other
insult leading to cerebral dysfunction. The dysfunction may be primary, as in diseases,
injuries, and insults that affect the brain directly and selectively; or secondary, as in
systemic diseases and disorders that attack the brain only as one of the multiple organs
or systems of the body that are involved.
Dementia (F00-F03) is a syndrome due to disease of the brain, usually of a chronic or
progressive nature, in which there is disturbance of multiple higher cortical functions,
including memory, thinking, orientation, comprehension, calculation, learning capacity,
language, and judgement. Consciousness isnot clouded. The impairments of cognitive
function are commonly accompanied, and occasionally preceded, by deterioration in
emotional control, social behaviour, or motivation. This syndrome occurs in Alzheimer's
disease, in cerebrovascular disease, and in other conditions primarily or secondarily
affecting the brain.
Use additional code, if desired, to identify the underlying disease.
器质性 （ 包含症状性 ） 精神疾病 (F00-F09)
本节所包含的这组精神疾患 ， 相同的是它们都能经
检查而发现有大脑疾病、脑伤、或其他伤害 ， 而导
致大脑功能失调 ， 因此置於同一组。此功能失调可
以是原发性的 ， 就如直接影响或作用於脑部的一些
疾病、伤害、与外伤 ； 也可以是续发性的 ， 如一些
系统性疾病与疾患 ， 其对脑部的侵袭仅仅是全身性
多重器官或系统影响的一部份。
痴呆 (F00-F03) 是由於脑部疾病造成的徵候群 ， 通常为慢
性或进行性之本质 ， 可造成多种高级皮质功能之障
碍 ， 包含记忆、思考、定向感、理解能力、计算、
学习能力、语言及判断能力。意识状态并没有混淆
。认知功能障碍常合并有情绪控制、社会行为或动
机等功能之退化 ， 这些功能之退化 ， 有时会比认知
功能障碍更早出现。此徵候群发生於阿兹海默症、
脑血管疾病、以及其他原发或续发性影响脑部的种
种状况。
如有需要 ， 使用附码以标示其基本疾病类别。
F06
Other mental disorders due to brain damage and dysfunction and to
physical disease
Includes miscellaneous conditions causally related to brain disorder due to primary
cerebral disease, to systemic disease affecting the brain secondarily, to exogenous toxic
substances or hormones, to endocrine disorders, or to other somatic illnesses.
Excludes: associated with:
. delirium (F05.-)
. dementia as classified in F00-F03
resulting from use of alcohol and other psychoactive substances (F10-F19)
其他由於脑部损伤与功能失调以及身体疾病所导致
之精神疾患
此分类包含肇因於下列种种原因引起脑功能障碍之
种种情况 ， 诸如原发性大脑疾病、续发性地影响脑
部之系统性疾病、诸如库欣氏徵候群之内分泌疾患
或其他身体性疾病、以及某些外因性毒性物质〔但
不包含分类於 F10-F19 中之酒精与药物〕、荷尔蒙或其
他身体疾病。
不包含 ：
． 伴随於谵妄之精神疾患 (F05.-)
． 伴随着分类於 F00-F03 之痴呆的精神疾患
因酒精或其他精神作用物质引起者
F06.3
Organic mood [affective] disorders
Disorders characterized by a change in mood or affect, usually accompanied by a change in
the overall level of activity, depressive, hypomanic, manic or bipolar (see F30-F32), but
arising as a consequence of an organic disorder.
Excludes: mood disorders, nonorganic or unspecified (F30-F39)
器质性情感障碍症
以情绪或情感改变为特徵之疾病 ， 通常合并整体性
活动量之改变 ， 忧郁、轻躁、躁症或双相 ( 极 ) 症
(F30-F32) ， 但只肇因於器质性之疾病 * 不包含 ： 情感障
碍症 ， 非器质性或未明示的 (F30-F39)
.0
Acute intoxication
A condition that follows the administration of a psychoactive substance resulting in
disturbances in level of consciousness, cognition, perception, affect or behaviour, or
other psychophysiological functions and responses. The disturbances are directly related
to the acute pharmacological effects of the substance and resolve with time, with complete
recovery, except where tissue damage or other complications have arisen. Complications may
include trauma, inhalation of vomitus, delirium, coma, convulsions, and other medical
complications. The nature of these complications depends on the pharmacological class of
substance and mode of administration.
Acute drunkenness in alcoholism
"Bad trips" (drugs)
Drunkenness NOS
Pathological intoxication
Trance and possession disorders in psychoactive substance intoxication
急性中毒
系指服用精神作用物质後所产生的障碍 ， 包含意识
混乱、认知或知觉异常、情感障碍或行为偏差 ， 以
及其他心理生理功能和反应的失调。这种障碍是药
物直接之急性药理作用所引起 ， 随时间而消失 ， 除
非有组织伤害或其他并发症发生 ， 这种伤害会完全
康复。可能之并发症包括外伤、呕吐物吸入呼吸道
、谵妄、昏迷、痉挛与其他内科并发症。这些并发
症之性质视所使用药物之药理性质与使用方式而定
。
酒瘾之酒醉
梦之旅 (bad trips) （ 由於幻觉剂所致 ）
醉酒 ， 其他未明示者
病态中毒
精神作用物质中毒引起之朦胧症与附身症
.5
Psychotic disorder
A cluster of psychotic phenomena that occur during or following psychoactive substance use
but that are not explained on the basis of acute intoxication alone and do not form part
of a withdrawal state. The disorder is characterized by hallucinations (typically
auditory, but often in more than one sensory modality), perceptual distortions, delusions
(often of a paranoid or persecutory nature), psychomotor disturbances (excitement or
stupor), and an abnormal affect, which may range from intense fear to ecstasy. The
sensorium is usually clear but some degree of clouding of consciousness, though not severe
confusion, may be present.
Alcoholic:
. hallllcinosis
. jealousy
. paranoia
. psychosis NOS
Excludes: alcohol- or other psychoactive substance-induced residual and late-onset
psychotic disorder (F10-F19 with common fourth character .7)
精神病症
精神作用物质在使用中或刚用过後 ， 可能会产生许
多种类的精神病性症状 ， 这些症状不是急性中毒 ，
也不是戒断状态之症状 ， 即为此分类 （.5） 之精神病
症 ， 此病症之特点是幻觉 （ 最典型的是幻听 ， 常常
有不止一种的幻觉型态 ） 、知觉扭曲、妄想 （ 常常
是被害的特性 ） 、精神运动障碍 （ 如激动或静呆 ）
及情感异常 （ 如极度恐惧或得意忘形 ） 。意识状态
通常是清醒的 ， 但也有时虽不至於到意识混乱的程
度 ， 但也可能有不同程度的意识模糊。
酒精性 ：
． 幻觉症
． 嫉妒
． 妄想症
． 精神病症 ， 其他未明示者
不包含 ： 酒精或其他精神作用物质引起的残留晚发
性精神病症 （F10-F19中有第 ４ 码.7 者 ）
.7
Residual and late-onset psychotic disorder
A disorder in which alcohol- or psychoactive substance-induced changes of cognition,
affect, personality, or behaviour persist beyond the period during which a direct
psychoactive substance-related effect might reasonably be assumed to be operating. Onset
of the disorder should be directly related to the use of the psychoactive substance. Cases
in which initial onset of the state occurs later than episode(s) of such substance use
should be coded here only where clear and strong evidence is available to attribute the
state to the residual effect of the psychoactive substance. Flashbacks may be
distinguished from psychotic state partly by their episodic nature, frequently of very
short duration, and by their duplication of previous alcohol- or other psychoactive
substance-related experiences.
Alcoholic dementia NOS
Chronic alcoholic brain syndrome
Dementia and other milder forms of persisting impairment of cognitive functions
Flashbacks
Late-onset psychoactive substance-induced psychotic disorder
Posthallucinogen perception disorder
Residual:
. affective disorder
. disorder of personality and behaviour
Excludes: alcohol- or psychoactive substance-induced:
. Korsakov's syndrome (F10-F19 with common fourth char- acter .6)
. psychotic state (F10-F19 with common fourth character .5)
残馀及晚发精神病症
此病症是因酒精或精神作用物质引起认知、情感、
人格或行为的改变 ， 此变化会较原先精神作用质引
起的效果持续续得更久。此病症的发病必须和使用
酒精或精神作用物质直接相关。要有明确及强烈的
证据显示发病是因使用精神作用物质後的残馀效果
时才能归类於此诊断。重现现象 （F1x.70） 与精神病症
是不同的 ， 其区别之要点是其短暂性、阵发性、以
及其重覆先前酒精或其他精神作用物质相关之经验
。
酒精性痴呆症 ， 其他未明示者
慢性酒精性脑徵候群
痴呆症与其他轻型持久性认知功能障碍
重现现象
晚发性精神作用物质引起之精神病性疾病
幻觉剂使用後知觉障碍症
残馀性 ：
． 情感障碍症
． 人格与行为障碍症
不包含 ： 酒精或精神作用物质引起 ：
． 柯沙科夫徵候群 （F10-F19 与有第 ４ 码.6 者 ）
． 精神病性状态 （F10-F19 与有第 ４ 码.5 者 ）
F20
Schizophrenia
The schizophrenic disorders are characterized in general by fundamental and characteristic
distortions of thinking and perception, and affects that are inappropriate or blunted.
Clear consciousness and intellectual capacity are usually maintained although certain
cognitive deficits may evolve in the course of time. The most important psychopathological
phenomena include thought echo; thought insertion or withdrawal; thought broadcasting;
delusional perception and delusions of control; influence or passivity; hallucinatory
voices commenting or discussing the patient in the third person; thought disorders and
negative symptoms .
The course of schizophrenic disorders can be either continuous, or episodic with
progressive or stable deficit, or there can be one or more episodes with complete or
incomplete remission. The diagnosis of schizophrenia should not be made in the presence of
extensive depressive or manic symptoms unless it is clear that schizophrenic symptoms
antedate the affective disturbance. Nor should schizophrenia be diagnosed in the presence
of overt brain disease or during states of drug intoxication or withdrawal. Similar
disorders developing in the presence of epilepsy or other brain disease should be
classified under F06.2, and those induced by psychoactive substances under F10-F19 with
common fourth character .5.
Excludes: schizophrenia:
. acute (undifferentiated) (F23.2)
. cyclic (F25.2)
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