absence [ 'æbsəns] n.缺席，不在场；缺乏
absence ['æbsəns] n. 不在,缺席
absence ['æbsəns] n.缺少，没有
停薪留职 retain one's position with one's salary suspended; obtain an indefinite leave of absence from one's work unit
Leave of Absence（准假）：准许学习成绩优良的学生请假一段时间，然后继续学业。
匮乏压抑了人的一些小欲望而强化了重大的欲望，就如风吹灭蜡烛而煽旺篝火。
Absence extinguishes small passions and increases great ones, as the wind blows out a candle,and fans a bonfire.
Leave of Absence（准假）：准许学习成绩优良的学生请假一段时间，然后继续学业。
absence
缺勤；旷职；缺席
absence from duty
擅离职守
absence not counting as leave
不视作放取假期的缺勤
absence on leave
休假缺勤
absence without leave
擅离职守；未经请假擅自缺勤
absence without reasonable cause
没有合理因由而擅离职守
absence without reasonable excuse
没有合理辩解而擅离职守
authorized absence
特许缺勤；经批准缺勤
continuous absence
持续缺勤；连续缺勤
during the absence of . . .
在……离任期间；在……休假期间；在……离港公干期间；在……另有任务期间；在……未能亲自处理职务期间
Absence is to love what wind is to fire; it extinguishes the small, it inflames the great.
离别之于爱情有如风之于火，它熄灭小火，却使大火燃烧更旺。
Absence diminishes little passions and increases great ones, just as the wind blows out a candle and fans a fire.
离别减弱浅薄的感情而增强深厚的感情，正如风吹灭蜡烛而煽旺火焰。
How do you account for your long absence from classes without asking for leave?
你如何解释你不请假而长期缺课的行为？
The converse observation, of the absence of grazers in areas of high phytoPlankton concentration, led Hardy to propose his principle of animal exclusion , which hypothesized that phytoplankton produced a repellent that excluded grazers from regions of high phytoplankton concentration.
相反的观察，即在浮游植物群落高度集中的地方缺乏食草动物的现象，使哈笛提出了他的“动物排除”理论，该理论假设浮游植物群落能产生一种驱虫剂赶走在浮游植物高度集中区域内的食草动物。
His illness accounts for his absence.
他因为生病，所以才缺席。
His long absence raised fears about his safety.
他长期不在引起了大家对他的安全的担心。
What was the real reason for your absence?
你缺席的真正原因是什么？
Absence sharpens love, presence strengthens it.
相聚爱益切，离别情更深。
A servant is known by his master's absence.
主人不在可以看出仆人的品行来。
Salt water and absence wash away love.
远离久别爱情淡。久别情淡？
Absence of occupation is not rest, a mind quite vacant is a mind distress.
William Cowper, British poet
无所事事不是休息，十分空虚的心灵是痛苦的心灵。
英国诗人考伯.W.
Absence to love is what wind is to fire .lt extinguishes the small; it inflames the great.
Roger de Bussy-Rabutin, French writer
离别之于爱情好比风之于火，它能将小火熄灭，使大火熊熊燃烧。
法国作家比西-拉比旦.R.
Real peace doesn't mean absence of war.
George Bush, American president
真正的和平并不意味着没有战争。
美国总统布什，G。
Happiness is not the absence of conflict, but the ability to cope with it.
快乐不意味着没有分歧，而是有能力解决分歧。
暗无天日 [àn wú tiān rì] /complete darkness/total absence of justice/
缺席 [quē xí] /absence/absent/
{adj: anaerobic, anaerobiotic} living or active in the absence of free oxygen
"anaerobic bacteria"
<-> aerobic
{adj: anencephalic, anencephalous} characterized by partial or total absence of a brain
{adj: apogamic, apogametic, apogamous} of or relating to the development of an embryo in the absence of fertilization
{adj: assumed, assumptive, taken for granted} accepted as real or true without proof
"an assumed increase in population"
"the assumed reason for his absence"
"assumptive beliefs"
"his loyalty was taken for granted"
{adj: conjectural, divinatory, hypothetical, hypothetic, supposed, suppositional, suppositious, supposititious} based primarily on surmise rather than adequate evidence
"theories about the extinction of dinosaurs are still highly conjectural"
"the supposed reason for his absence"
"suppositious reconstructions of dead languages"
"hypothetical situation"
{adj: extinguished} of a conditioned response; caused to die out because of the absence or withdrawal of reinforcement
{adj: fabricated, fancied, fictional, fictitious, invented, made-up} formed or conceived by the imagination
"a fabricated excuse for his absence"
"a fancied wrong"
"a fictional character"
"used fictitious names"
"a made-up story"
{adj: incurious} showing absence of intellectual inquisitiveness or natural curiosity
"strangely incurious about the cause of the political upheaval surrounding them"
<-> curious
{adj: no-frills} characterized by the absence of inessential features
"he got a no-frills introduction to the job"
{adj: nonalcoholic} characterized by the absence of alcohol
"nonalcoholic beverages"
<-> alcoholic
{adj: nonrepetitive} marked by the absence of repetition
"nonrepetitive DNA sequence"
"nonrepetitive dance movements"
<-> repetitive
{adj: obligate} restricted to a particular condition of life
"an obligate anaerobe can survive only in the absence of OXYGen"
<-> facultative
{adj: peaky, spiky} having or as if having especially high-pitched spots
"absence of peaky highs and beefed-up bass"
{adj: purse-proud} proud or arrogant because of your wealth (especially in the absence of other distinction)
{adj: quiet} characterized by an absence or near absence of agitation or activity
"a quiet life"
"a quiet throng of onlookers"
"quiet peace-loving people"
"the factions remained quiet for almost 10 years"
<-> unquiet
{adj: silent, soundless, still} marked by absence of sound
"a silent house"
"soundless footsteps on the grass"
"the night was still"
{adj: undynamic, adynamic} characterized by an absence of force or forcefulness
<-> dynamic
{adj: unexcused} not excused
"too many unexcused absences"
{adj: unfastidious} marked by an absence of due or proper care or attention to detail; not concerned with cleanliness
"unfastidious in her dress"
<-> fastidious
{adj: zero, 0} indicating the absence of any or all units under consideration
"a zero score"
{n: Anopheles, genus Anopheles} malaria mosquitoes; distinguished by the adult's head-downward stance and absence of breathing tubes in the larvae
{n: Christmas factor, factor IX} coagulation factor whose absence is associated with hemophilia B
{n: Horner's syndrome} a pattern of symptoms occurring as a result of damage to nerves in the cervical region of the spine (drooping eyelids and constricted pupils and absence of facial sweating)
{n: Takayasu's arteritis, pulseless disease} disorder characterized by the absence of a pulse in both arms and in the carotid arteries
{n: ablepharia} a congenital absence of eyelids (partial or complete)
{n: absence without leave, unauthorized absence} unauthorized military absence
{n: absence} failure to be present
<-> presence
{n: absence} the state of being absent
"he was surprised by the absence of any explanation"
<-> presence
{n: absence} the time interval during which something or somebody is away
"he visited during my absence"
{n: absenteeism} habitual absence from work
{n: acardia} congenital absence of the heart (as in the development of some monsters)
{n: acephalia, acephaly, acephalism} absence of the head (as in the development of some monsters)
{n: achlorhydria} an abnormal deficiency or absence of free hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice; often associated with severe anemias and cancer of the stomach
{n: achromia} an absence of normal pigmentation especially in the skin (as in albinism) or in red blood cells
{n: achylia, achylia gastrica} absence of gastric juices (partial or complete)
{n: acorea} absence of the pupil in an eye
{n: adactylia, adactyly, adactylism} congenital absence of fingers and/or toes
{n: afibrinogenemia} the absence of fibrinogen in the plasma leading to prolonged bleeding
{n: agammaglobulinemia} a rare immunological disorder characterized by the virtual absence of gamma globulin in the blood and consequent susceptibility to infection
{n: albinism} the congenital absence of pigmentation in the eyes and skin and hair
{n: amastia} absence of the mammary glands (either through surgery or developmental defect)
{n: amelia} congenital absence of an arm or leg
{n: amenorrhea, amenorrhoea, amenia} absence or suppression of normal menstrual flow
{n: ametria} congenital absence of the uterus
{n: analgesia} absence of the sense of pain without loss of consciousness
{n: anaphrodisia} decline or absence of sexual desire
<-> aphrodisia
{n: anopia} sightlessness (especially because of a structural defect in or the absence of an eye)
{n: anorchism, anorchidism, anorchia} absence of one of both testes
{n: anorgasmia} absence of an orgasm in sexual relations
{n: anosmia} absence of the sense of smell (as by damage to olfactory nasal tissue or the olfactory nerve or by obstruction of the nasal passages)
{n: anovulation} the absence of ovulation due to immaturity or post-maturity or pregnancy or oral contraceptive pills or dysfunction of the ovary
<-> ovulation
{n: anoxia} severe hypoxia; absence of oxygen in inspired gases or in arterial blood or in the tissues
{n: antihemophilic factor, antihaemophilic factor, antihemophilic globulin, antihaemophilic globulin, factor VIII, Hemofil} a coagulation factor (trade name Hemofil) whose absence is associated with hemophilia A
{n: apathy} an absence of emotion or enthusiasm
{n: aphakia} absence of the natural lens of the eye (usually resulting from the removal of cataracts)
{n: areflexia} absence of a reflex; a sign of possible nerve damage
{n: arginine} a bitter tasting amino acid found in proteins and necessary for nutrition; its absence from the diet leads to a reduced production of spermatozoa
{n: aridity, aridness, thirstiness} a deficiency of moisture (especially when resulting from a permanent absence of rainfall)
{n: asynergy, asynergia} absence of coordination of organs or body parts that usually work together harmoniously
{n: asystole, cardiac arrest, cardiopulmonary arrest} absence of systole; failure of the ventricles of the heart to contract (usually caused by ventricular fibrillation) with consequent absence of the heart beat leading to oxygen lack and eventually to death
{n: atonality, atonalism} the absence of a key; alternative to the diatonic system
<-> tonality
{n: atopognosia, atopognosis} absence or loss of topognosia; inability to locate correctly a point of touch
{n: azymia} absence of an enzyme
{n: calmness} a feeling of calm; an absence of agitation or excitement
<-> agitation
{n: calmness} an absence of strong winds or rain
{n: catalexis} the absence of a syllable in the last foot of a line or verse
{n: charcoal, wood coal} a carbonaceous material obtained by heating wood or other organic matter in the absence of air
{n: charge d'affaires} the official temporarily in charge of a diplomatic mission in the absence of the ambassador
{n: coldness, cold, low temperature, frigidity, frigidness} the absence of heat
"the coldness made our breath visible"
"come in out of the cold"
"cold is a vasoconstrictor"
<-> hotness
{n: complex absence} petit mal seizure accompanied by other abnormalities (atonia or automatisms or vasomotor changes)
{n: cut} an unexcused absence from class
"he was punished for taking too many cuts in his math class"
{n: dark, darkness} absence of light or illumination
<-> light
{n: death} the absence of life or state of being dead
"he seemed more content in death than he had ever been in life"
{n: deletion} (genetics) the loss or absence of one or more nucleotides from a chromosome
{n: depigmentation} absence or loss of pigmentation (or less than normal pigmentation) in the skin or hair
<-> pigmentation
{n: easiness, relaxation} a feeling of refreshing tranquility and an absence of tension or worry
"the easiness we feel when sleeping"
{n: ectrodactyly} congenital abnormality involving the absence of some fingers or toes
{n: elation} an exhilarating psychological state of pride and optimism; an absence of depression
<-> depression
{n: emotionlessness, impassivity, impassiveness, phlegm, indifference, stolidity, unemotionality} apathy demonstrated by an absence of emotional reactions
{n: escheat} a reversion to the state (as the ultimate owner of property) in the absence of legal heirs
{n: excuse} a note explaining an absence
"he had to get his mother to write an excuse for him"
{n: familiarity, intimacy, closeness} close or warm friendship
"the absence of fences created a mysterious intimacy in which no one knew privacy"
{n: flaccid bladder} a urinary bladder disorder resulting from interruption of the reflex arc normally associated with voiding urine; absence of bladder sensation and over-filling of the bladder and inability to urinate voluntarily
{n: furlough} a temporary leave of absence from military duty
{n: heartlessness, coldheartedness, hardheartedness} an absence of concern for the welfare of others
{n: hinge} a circumstance upon which subsequent events depend
"his absence is the hinge of our plan"
{n: iniquity, wickedness, darkness, dark} absence of moral or spiritual values
"the powers of darkness"
{n: kleptomaniac} someone with an irrational urge to steal in the absence of an economic motive
{n: kleptomania} an irresistible impulse to steal in the absence of any economic motive
{n: lactose intolerance, lactase deficiency, milk intolerance} congenital disorder consisting of an inability to digest milk and milk products; absence or deficiency of lactase results in an inability to hydrolyze lactose
{n: leave, leave of absence} the period of time during which you are absent from work or duty
"a ten day's leave to visit his mother"
{n: meromelia} congenital absence of part of an arm or leg
{n: monosemy} having a single meaning (absence of ambiguity) usually of individual words or phrases
<-> polysemy
{n: monosomy} chromosomal abnormality consisting of the absence of one chromosome from the normal diploid number
{n: nonoccurrence} absence by virtue of not occurring
{n: nystagmus} involuntary movements of the eyeballs; its presence or absence is used to diagnose a variety of neurological and visual disorders
{n: pass} (military) a written leave of absence
"he had a pass for three days"
{n: peace, peacefulness, peace of mind, repose, serenity, heartsease, ataraxis} the absence of mental stress or anxiety
{n: peace} the state prevailing during the absence of war
<-> war
{n: petit mal epilepsy, absence} epilepsy characterized by paroxysmal attacks of brief clouding of consciousness (a possible other abnormalities)
{n: presence} the act of being present
<-> absence
{n: presence} the state of being present; current existence
"he tested for the presence of radon"
<-> absence
{n: pure absence, simple absence} petit mal seizure without other complications; followed by 3-per-sec brainwave spikes
{n: radial asymmetry} the absence of symmetry about an axis
<-> radial symmetry
{n: radiant energy} energy that is transmitted in the form of (electromagnetic) radiation; energy that exists in the absence of matter
{n: regent} someone who rules during the absence or incapacity or minority of the country's monarch
{n: revenant} a person who returns after a lengthy absence
{n: senile dementia, senile psychosis} dementia of the aged; results from degeneration of the brain in the absence of cerebrovascular disease
{n: sex chromatin} chromatin found only in female cells
"the presence or absence of sex chromatin in cells obtained by amniocentesis makes it possible to determine the sex of a fetus"
{n: sick leave} a leave of absence from work because of illness
{n: silence, quiet} the absence of sound
"he needed silence in order to sleep"
"the street was quiet"
<-> sound
{n: simplicity, simmpleness} absence of affectation or pretense
{n: slowness, deliberation, deliberateness, unhurriedness} a rate demonstrating an absence of haste or hurry
{n: spastic bladder} a urinary bladder disorder resulting from spinal cord lesion or multiple sclerosis or trauma; absence of bladder sensation and incontinence and interrupted voiding of urine
{n: street} people living or working on the same street
"the whole street protested the absence of street lights"
{n: subbing, substituting} working as a substitute for someone who is ill or on leave of absence
{n: subclinical absence} transient impairment of cortical function demonstrable only by 3-per-second brainwave spikes
{n: total darkness, lightlessness, blackness, pitch blackness, black} total absence of light
"they fumbled around in total darkness"
"in the black of night"
{n: unemotionality, emotionlessness} absence of emotion
<-> emotionality
{n: unfriendliness} dislike experienced as an absence of friendliness
<-> friendliness
{n: unlikeness, dissimilitude} dissimilarity evidenced by an absence of likeness
<-> likeness, similitude
{n: unvariedness} characterized by an absence of variation
<-> variedness
{n: vacuousness} indicative of or marked by mental vacuity and an absence of ideas
"the vacuousness of her face belied her feelings"
{n: vacuum, vacuity} the absence of matter
{v: account for} give reasons for
"Can you account for all these absences?"
{v: apply} ask (for something)
"He applied for a leave of absence"
"She applied for college"
"apply for a job"
{v: capitalize, capitalise, take advantage} draw advantages from
"he is capitalizing on her mistake"
"she took advantage of his absence to meet her lover"
{v: make up, catch up with} make up work that was missed due to absence at a later point
"I have to make up a French exam"
"Can I catch up with the material or is it too late?"
{v: regret} feel sad about the loss or absence of
In the absence of such medical conditions, Coffey said, education level helps explain the range of brain shrinkage exhibited among the mentally-fit elderly.
科菲称，排除掉这类疾病方面的因素，教育水平的高低有助于解释在智力健康的老年人中出现的大脑萎缩的程度。
They kept staring at the exit through which he had disappeared, then looked around to see how others reacted to his absence.
他们始终目不转睛地注视着那个市长消失的出口处，然后环视四周，看看其他人对市长缺席有何反应。
I can see that you are all very upset about my absence.
我看得出来你们对我的缺席都感到很烦恼。
A container could be aware of the absence or presence of each pill.
药瓶对里面药丸的增减一清二楚。
The converse observation, of the absence of grazers in areas of high phytoplankton concentration, led Hardy to propose his principle of animal exclusion, which hypothesized that phytoplankton produced a repellent that excluded grazers from regions of high phytoplankton concentration.
对相反情形的观察，即在浮游植物高度密集的区域食草动物荡然无存，致使哈代（Hardy）提出他那动物被驱逐的原理，该原理假设，浮游植物会制造出一种驱避物质（repellent），将食草动物从浮游植物高密集的区域驱赶出去。
Second, the fungi cannot as yet be cultivated in the absence of a living root.
其次，这种真菌迄今为止尚无法在缺乏有生命的植物根茎的情况下被培养出来。
Classical physics defines the vacuum as a state of absence: a vacuum is said to exist in a region of space if there is nothing in it.
古典物理学将真空（vacuum）定义为一种无物质存在的状态：据称，一个空间区域内如果一无所有，真空在其中便告存在。
The great objection to the Martian origin of shergottites is the absence of lunar meteorites on Earth.
辉熔长无球粒陨石火星起因论最大的缺陷在于，地球上不存在任何源自月亮的陨石。
The interim government is urging the police to return to work saying their absence has hampered efforts to restore order to the streets.
临时政府敦促警察重返岗位，并说由于警察不在岗位，阻碍了政府恢复街道秩序的努力。
Despite the absence of chemical, biological, or nuclear weapons in Iraq, White House spokesman Scott McClellan says it was still the right thing to topple Saddam Hussein because he had the capability to restart illegal weapons programs.
白宫发言人麦克莱伦说，虽然伊拉克没有生化武器或者核武器，然而推翻萨达姆政权依然是正确之举，因为萨达姆有能力重新启动非法武器计划。
F02.4*
Dementia in human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] disease (B22.0+)
Dementia developing in the course of HIV disease, in the absence of a concurrent illness
or condition other than HIV infection that could explain the clinical features.
发生於人类免疫缺乏病毒 [HIV] 疾病之痴呆 (B22.0+)
在人类免疫缺乏病毒疾病病程中发生之痴呆 ， 除了
HIV 感染可解释此发现外 ， 并无其他疾病或状况同时
存在。
F42.0
Predominantly obsessional thoughts or ruminations
These may take the form of ideas, mental images, or impulses to act, which are nearly
always distressing to the subject. Sometimes the ideas are an indecisive, endless
consideration of alternatives, associated with an inability to make trivial but necessary
decisions in day-to-day living. The relationship between obsessional ruminations and
depression is particularly close and a diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder should
be preferred only if ruminations arise or persist in the absence of a depressive episode.
强迫思考或反刍思考为主
它们主要的型式是意念 ， 心象或想做事的冲动 ， 对
病人几乎都会造成困扰。有时这些意念是犹疑不决
的 ， 无止尽的思考可能的方案 ， 它使病人在日常生
活当中无法做一些细微但却必要的决定。强迫性的
反刍与忧郁特别有关连 ， 强迫症的诊断只有在忧郁
症不存在下 ， 而又出现一些反刍思考时才能优先考
虑。
F44.2
Dissociative stupor
Dissociative stupor is diagnosed on the basis of a profound diminution or absence of
voluntary movement and normal responsiveness to external stimuli such as light, noise, and
touch, but examination and investigation reveal no evidence of a physical cause. In
addition, there is positive evidence of psychogenic causation in the form of recent
stressful events or problems.
Excludes: organic catatonic disorder (F06.1)
stupor:
. NOS (R40.1)
. catatonic (F20.2)
. depressive (F31-F33)
. manic (F30.2)
解离性静呆症
解离性静呆症诊断的基础为明显减少 ， 甚至丧失自
主性运动、对外界刺激如光、声、触碰应有的正常
反应。身体检查未能发现身体病因 ， 但有明显的证
据显示心理因素 ， 如最近发生的压力事件或困难 ，
为其致病原因。
不包含 ： 器质性紧张症 （F06.1）
静呆 ：
． 其他未明示者 （R40.1）
． 紧张性 （F20.2）
． 郁性 （F31-F33）
． 躁症 （F30.2） 。
F51.1
Nonorganic hypersomnia
Hypersomnia is defined as a condition of either excessive daytime sleepiness and sleep
attacks (not accounted for by an inadequate amount of sleep) or prolonged transition to
the fully aroused state upon awakening. In the absence of an organic factor for the
occurrence of hypersomnia, this condition is usually associated with mental disorders.
Excludes: hypersomnia (organic) (G47.1)
narcolepsy (G47.4)
非器质性多眠症
多眠的定义在於白天过份的睡眠和昏昏欲睡 （ 非起
因於睡眠不足者 ） ， 或必须在很长的时间才能从睡
眠完全清醒过来。如果不能以器质因素来解释嗜睡
的出现 ， 则常常是因为精神疾患所引发。
不包含 ： 多眠症 （ 器质性 ） (G47.1)
嗜睡症 (G47.4)
F81.1
Specific spelling disorder
The main feature is a specific and significant impairment in the development of spelling
skills in the absence of a history of specific reading disorder, which is not solely
accounted for by low mental age, visual acuity problems, or inadequate schooling. The
ability to spell orally and to write out words correctly are both affected.
Specific spelling retardation (without reading disorder)
Excludes: agraphia NOS (R48.8)
spelling difficulties:
. associated with a reading disorder (F81.0)
. due to inadequate teaching (Z55.8)
特定拼音障碍症
这种障碍症的主要特徵为没有特定阅读障碍症之病
史 ， 同时有无法完全以心智年龄偏低 ， 视力问题或
就学不当来解释的一种特定且显着的拼音技巧发展
障碍。用口语拼字或用文字拼字能力都受到影响。
特定拼音迟滞 （ 无阅读障碍 ）
不包含 ： 其他未明示的拼音障碍症 (R48.8)
拼音因难 ：
． 合并阅读障碍症的拼音困难 (F81.0)
． 主要由於教学不当导致的拼音困难 (Z55.8)
F98.2
Feeding disorder of infancy and childhood
A feeding disorder of varying manifestations usually specific to infancy and early
childhood. It generally involves food refusal and extreme faddiness in the presence of an
adequate food supply, a reasonably competent caregiver, and the absence of organic
disease. There may or may not be associated rumination (repeated regurgitation without
nausea or gastrointestinal illness).
Rumination disorder of infancy
Excludes: anorexia nervosa and other eating disorders (F50.-)
feeding:
. difficulties and mismanagement (R63.3)
. problems of newborn (P92.-)
pica of infancy or childhood (F98.3)
婴儿期及儿童期食障碍症
这是一种特发婴儿或儿童早期的食障碍症。是指在
有适当的食物供应 ， 有足能胜任的照顾者 ， 且并无
器质性疾病的状况下 ， 呈现有拒食和严重的偏食 ，
可能并有或不并有反刍现象 （ 意指没有恶心感和肠
胃疾病 ， 却还反覆把食物吐出 ） 。
婴儿反刍症
不包含 ： 厌食症和其他饮食障碍症 (F50.-)
． 食困难和照顾不当 (F63.3)
． 新生儿食问题
婴儿期及儿童期之异食症 (F98.3)
G40.3
Generalized idiopathic epilepsy and epileptic syndromes
Benign:
. myoclonic epilepsy in infancy
. neonatal convulsions (familial)
Childhood absence epilepsy [pyknolepsy]
Epilepsy with grand mal seizures on awakening
Juvenile:
. absence epilepsy
. myoclonic epilepsy [impulsive petit mal]
Nonspecific epileptic seizures:
. atonic
. clonic
. myoclonic
. tonic
. tonic-clonic
全身性特发性癫痫及癫痫徵候群
良性 ：
． 幼年期之肌阵孪癫痫
． 新生儿之搐搦 （ 家族性 ）
童年期失神性癫痫 （ 连发性小癫痫 ）
睡醒时伴有大发作的癫痫
幼年型 ：
． 失神性癫痫
． 肌阵孪癫痫〔推进性癫痫小发作〕
非特异性癫痫发作 ：
． 肌力丧失
． 阵孪性
． 肌阵孪
． 强直性
． 强直性阵孪
40.4
Other generalized epilepsy and epileptic syndromes
Epilepsy with:
. myoclonic absences
. myoclonic-astatic seizures
Infantile spasms
Lennox-Gastaut syndrome
Salaam attacks
Symptomatic early myoclonic encephalopathy
West's syndrome
其他全身性癫痫及癫痫徵候群
癫痫伴有 ：
． 失神性肌阵孪
． 肌阵孪 － 起立不能发作
婴儿痉孪
Lennox-Gastaut 徵候群
膜拜状发作
有明显病因性早期肌阵孪脑病
韦斯德氏徵候群
G41.1
Petit mal status epilepticus
Epileptic absence status
小发作癫痫重积状态
癫痫失神性状态
M20
Acquired deformities of fingers and toes
Excludes: acquired absence of fingers and toes (Z89.-)
congenital:
. absence of fingers and toes (Q71.3, Q72.3)
. deformities and malformations of fingers and toes (Q66.-,Q68-Q70,Q74.-)
手指和足趾之後天性变形
不包含 ： 手指和足趾之後天性缺失 (Z89.-)
下列先天性 ：
． 手指和足趾之缺失 (Q71.3 , Q72.3)
． 手指和足趾之变形 (Q66.- , Q68-Q70 , Q74.-)
M21
Other acquired deformities of limbs
[See site code pages 628-629]
Excludes: acquired absence of limb (Z89.-)
acquired deformities of fingers or toes (M20.-)
congenital:
. absence of limbs (Q71-Q73)
. deformities and malformations of limbs (Q65-Q66,Q68-Q74)
coxa plana (M91.2)
肢体之其他後天性变形
[ 请参考第 628-629 页之位置码 ]
不包含 ： 肢体之後天性缺失 (Z89.-)
手指或足趾之後天性变形 (M20.-)
下列先天性 ：
． 肢体缺失 (Q71-Q73)
． 肢体变形及异常 (Q65-Q66 , Q68-Q74)
扁平髋 (M91.2)
M95
Other acquired deformities of musculoskeletal
system and connective tissue
Excludes: acquired:
. absence of limbs and organs (Z89-Z90)
. deformities of limbs (M20-M21)
congenital malformations and deformations of the musculoskeletal system (Q65-Q79)
deforming dorsopathies (M40-M43)
dentofacial anomalies [including malocclusion] (K07.-)
postprocedural musculoskeletal disorders (M96.-)
骨骼肌肉系统及结缔组织之其他後天性变形
不包含 ： 下列後天性变形 ：
． 肢体及器官缺失 (Z89-Z90)
． 肢体变形 (M20-M21)
骨骼肌肉系统之先天性异形及变形 (Q65-Q79)
变形性背部病变 (M40-M43)
齿及面部畸形 [ 含咬合不正 ] (K07.-)
处置後的骨骼肌肉系统疾患 (M96.-)
N91.1
Secondary amenorrhoea
Absence of menstruation in a woman who had previously menstruated.
次发性无月经
曾有月经之妇女无月经
N91.2
Amenorrhoea, unspecified
Absence of menstruation NOS
未明示之无月经
其他未明示之无月经
Q04.3
Other reduction deformities of brain
Absence－of part of brain
Agenesis－of part of brain
Aplasia－of part of brain
Hypoplasia－of part of brain
Agyria
Hydranencephaly
Lissencephaly
Microgyria
Pachygyria
Excludes: congenital malformations of corpus callosum(Q04.0)
脑之其他短小变形
部分脑 －缺失
部分脑 － 器官缺失畸形
部分脑 － 成形不全
部分脑 － 发育不良
无脑回畸形
全脑积水
平脑畸形 ( 脑回发育不全 )
脑回过小
厚脑回症
不包含 ： 胼胝体之先天性畸形 (Q04.0)
Q10.3
Other congenital malformations of eyelid
Ablepharon
Absence of agenesis of:
．cilia
．eyelid
Accessory:
．eyelid
．eye muscle
Blepharophimosis, congenital
Coloboma of eyelid
Congenital malformation of eyelid NOS
眼睑的其他先天性畸形
先天性眼脸缺损
缺失、发育不全症 ：
． 睫毛
． 眼睑
副 :
． 眼睑
． 眼肌肉
先天性眼睑闭锁
眼睑裂开
其他未明示的眼睑先天性畸形
Q10.4
Absence and agenesis of lacrimal apparatus
Absence of punctum lacrimale
泪器的缺失及发育不良症
泪点之缺失
Q13.1
Absence of iris
Aniridia
虹膜缺失
无虹膜畸形
Q16.0
Congenital absence of (ear) auricle
耳郭之先天性缺失 Q16.1 Congenital absence, atresia and stricture of
auditory canal (external)
Atresia or stricture of osseous meatus
( 外 ) 耳道之先天性缺失、闭锁及狭窄
骨性耳道之闭锁或狭窄
Q16.2
Absence of eustachian tube
咽鼓管缺失
Q16.9
Congenital malformation of ear causing impairment of hearing,
unspecified
Congenital absence of ear NOS
导致听力损害之耳部先天性畸形 ， 未明示者
其他未明示之耳部先天性缺失
Q17.8
Other specified congenital malformations of ear
Congenital absence of lobe of ear
其他明示之耳部先天性畸形
耳垂先天性缺失
Q25.4
Other congenital malformations of aorta
Absence－ of aorta
Aplasia－ of aorta
Congenital－ of aorta
．aneurysm－ of aorta
．dilatation－ of aorta
Aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva (ruptured)
Double aortic arch [vascular ring of aorta]
Hypoplasia of aorta
Persistent:
．convolutions of aortic arch
．right aortic arch
Excludes: hypoplasia of aorta in hypoplastic left heart
syndrome (Q23.4)
主动脉其他先天性畸形
主动脉 －缺失
主动脉 －发育不全
主动脉 －先天性 :
主动脉 －． 血管瘤
主动脉 －． 扩张
瓦萨瓦窦之血管瘤 ( 破裂 )
双主动脉弓 ( 主动脉血管环 )
主动脉发育不全
持续的 :
． 主动脉弓回
． 右主动脉弓
不包含 : 左心形成不全徵候群中主动脉形成不全 (Q23.4)
Q26.8
Other congenital malformations of great veins
Absence of vena cava (inferior)(superior)
Azygos continuation of inferior vena cava
Persistent left posterior cardinal vein
Scimitar syndrome
大静脉之其他先天性畸形
( 上 ) ( 下 ) 腔静脉 ( 缺失 )
下腔静脉之奇静脉连接
持续性在後主静脉
弯刀徵候群
Q27.0
Congenital absence and hypoplasia of umbilical artery
Single umbilical artery
先天性脐动脉 ( 缺失 ) 及发育不全
单一脐动脉
Q27.8
Other specified congenital malformations of peripheral vascular system
Aberrant subclavian artery
Absence－of artery or vein NEC
Atresia－of artery or vein NEC
Congenital:
．aneurysm (peripheral)
．stricture, artery
．varix
周边血管系统其他明示的先天性畸型
迷走锁骨下动脉
他处未归类的动脉或静脉之－缺失
他处未归类的动脉或静脉之－闭锁
先天性 :
． 血管瘤 ( 周边的 )
． 动脉狭窄
． 血管曲张
Q30.1
Agenesis and underdevelopment of nose
Congenital absence of nose
鼻部器官缺失畸形及发育不全
鼻部之先天性缺失
Q31.8
Other congenital malformations of larynx
Absence－ of cricoid cartilage, epiglottis, glottis, larynx or thyroid cartilage
Agenesis－ of cricoid cartilage, epiglottis, glottis, larynx or thyroid cartilage
Atresia－ of cricoid cartilage, epiglottis, glottis, larynx or thyroid cartilage
Cleft thyroid cartilage
Congenital stenosis of larynx NEC
Fissure of epiglottis
Posterior cleft of cricoid cartilage
喉部之其他先天性畸形 :
环状软骨、会厌、声门、喉或甲状软骨的 －缺失
环状软骨、会厌、声门、喉或甲状软骨的 －器官缺失
畸形
环状软骨、会厌、声门、喉或甲状软骨的 －闭锁
甲状软骨裂
喉部先天性狭窄 ， 他处未归类者
会厌裂隙
环状软骨後裂
Q32.4
Other congenital malformations of bronchus
Absence－of bronchus
Agenesis－of bronchus
Atresia－of bronchus
Congenital malformation NOS－of bronchus
Diverticulum－of bronchus
支气管之其他先天性畸形
支气管的 ：
． 缺失
． 器官缺失畸形
． 闭锁
． 其他未明示的先天性畸形
． 憩室
Q33.3
Agenesis of lung
Absence of lung (lobe)
肺器官缺失畸形
肺 ( 叶 ) 缺失
Q34.9
Congenital malformation of respiratory system, unspecified
Congenital:
．absence－of respiratory organ
．anomaly NOS－of respiratory organ
呼吸系统先天畸形 ， 未明示者 ：
先天性的 :
呼吸器官－． 缺失
呼吸器官－． 其他未明示的畸形
Q38.4
Congenital malformations of salivary glands and ducts
Absence－ (of) salivary gland or duct
Accessory－ (of) salivary gland or duct
Atresia－ (of) salivary gland or duct
Congenital fistula of salivary gland
唾腺及唾管之先天畸形
唾腺及唾管的－缺失
唾腺及唾管的－副
唾腺及唾管的－闭锁
先天性唾腺管
Q38.5
Congenital malformations of palate, not elsewhere classified
Absence of uvula
Congenital malformation of palate NOS
High arched palate
Excludes: cleft palate (Q35.-)
. with cleft lip (Q37.-)
他处未归类的颚之先天畸形
悬壅垂之缺失
其他未明示的颚之先天畸形
高弯曲之颚
不包含 ： 颚裂 (Q35.-)
． 伴有唇裂 (Q37.-)
Q41
Congenital absence, atresia and stenosis of small intestine
Includes: congenital obstruction, occlusion and stricture of small intestine or intestine
NOS
Excludes: meconium ileus (E84.1)
小肠之先天缺失、闭锁及狭窄
包含 ： 小肠或其他未明示的肠之先天阻塞、闭塞及
狭窄
不包含 ： 胎便肠阻塞 (E84.1)
Q41.0
Congenital absence, atresia and stenosis of duodenum
十二指肠先天缺失、闭锁及狭窄
Q41.1
Congenital absence, atresia and stenosis of jejunum
Apple peel syndrome
Imperforate jejunum
空肠先天缺失、闭锁及狭窄
苹果皮徵候群
无孔空肠 ( 闭锁空肠 )
Q41.2
Congenital absence, atresia and stenosis of ileum
回肠之先天缺失、闭锁及狭窄
Q41.8
Congenital absence, atresia and stenosis of other specified parts of
small intestine
小肠其他明示部位的先天缺失、闭锁及狭窄
Q41.9
Congenital absence, atresia and stenosis of small intestine, part
unspecified
Congenital absence, atresia and stenosis of intestine NOS
未明示部位的小肠先天缺失、闭锁及狭窄
其他未明示的肠先天缺失、闭锁及狭窄
Q42
Congenital absence, atresia and stenosis of large intestine
Includes: congenital obstruction, occlusion and stricture of large intestine
大肠先天缺失、闭锁及狭窄
包含 ： 大肠先天阻塞、闭锁及狭窄
Q42.0
Congenital absence ,atresia and stenosis of rectum with fistula
伴有管的直肠先天缺失、闭锁及狭窄
Q42.1
Congenital absence, atresia and stenosis of rectum without fistula
Imperforate rectum
无管直肠之先天缺失、闭锁及狭窄
无孔直肠 ( 直肠闭锁 )
Q42.2
Congenital absence ,atresia and stenosis of anus with fistula
伴有管的肛门缺失、闭锁及狭窄
Q42.3
Congenital absence ,atresia and stenosis of anus without fistula
Imperforate anus
无管的肛门缺失、闭锁及狭窄
肛门闭锁
Q42.8
Congenital absence, atresia and stenosis of other parts of large
intestine
大肠其他部位的先天缺失、闭锁及狭窄
Q42.9
Congenital absence ,atresia and stenosis of large intestine,part
unspecified
未明示部位的大肠先天缺失、闭锁及狭窄
Q43.6
Congenital fistula of rectum and anus
Excludes: congenital fistula:
. rectovaginal (Q52.2)
. urethrorectal (Q64.7)
pilonidal fistula or sinus (L05.-)
with absence, atresia and stenosis (Q42.0,Q42.2)
直肠及肛门先天管
不包含 ： 先天管 (Q64.7)
． 直肠阴道 (Q52.2)
． 尿道直肠 (Q64.7)
潜毛性管或窦 (L05.-)
伴有缺失、闭锁及狭窄 (Q42.0-Q42.2)
Q44.0
Agenesis, aplasia and hypoplasia of gallbladder
Congenital absence of gallbladder
胆囊之缺失、不发育及发育不全
胆囊之先天缺失
Q44.7
Other congenital malformations of liver
Accessory liver
Alagille's syndrome
Congenital:
．absence of liver
．hepatomegaly
．malformation of liver NOS
肝之其他先天畸形
副肝
亚拉基利氏 (Alagille) 徵候群
先天性 ：
． 肝缺失
． 肝肿大
． 其他未明示的肝畸形
Q45.0
Agenesis, aplasia and hypoplasia of pancreas
Congenital absence of pancreas
胰脏之缺失、不发育、发育不全
胰脏之先天缺失
Q45.8
Other specified congenital malformations of digestive system
Absence (complete)(partial)of alimentary tract NOS
Duplication－of digestive organs NOS
Malposition ,congenital－of digestive organs NOS
消化系统其他明示的先天畸形
其他未明示的消化道的 ( 完全 ) ( 部份 ) 缺失
其他未明示的消化道－复制
其他未明示的消化道－先天错位
Q50.0
Congenital absence of ovary
Excludes: Turner's syndrome (Q96.-)
先天性卵巢缺失
不包含 : 特尼氏 （Turner's) 徵候群 (Q96.-)
Q50.6
Other congenital malformations of fallopian tube and broad ligament
Absence－(of) fallopian tube or broad ligament
Accessory－(of) fallopian tube or broad ligament
Atresia－(of) fallopian tube or broad ligament
Congenital malformation of fallopian tube or broad
ligament NOS
输卵管及子宫阔勒带之其他先天畸形
输卵管或子宫阔勒带 ( 之 )－缺失
输卵管或子宫阔勒带 ( 之 )－副
输卵管或子宫阔勒带 ( 之 )－闭锁
其他未明示的输卵管或子宫阔勒带之先天畸形
Q51.0
Agenesis and aplasia of uterus
Congenital absence of uterus
子宫之器官缺失症及成形不全
先天性子宫缺失
Q51.5
Agenesis and aplasia of cervix
Congenital absence of cervix
子宫颈之器官缺失症及成形不全
先天性子宫颈缺失
Q52.0
Congenital absence of vagina
先天性阴道缺失
Q52.7
Other congenital malformations of vulva
Congenital:
. absence－of vulva
. cyst－of vulva
其他外阴之先天畸形
先天性 ：
外阴的－缺失
外阴的－ 囊肿
外阴的－其他未明示的先天畸形
Q55.0
Absence and aplasia of testis
Monorchism
睾丸之缺失及形成不全
单睾丸
Q55.4
Other congenital malformations of vas deferens, epididymis, seminal
vesicles and prostate
Absence or aplasia of:
．prostate
．spermatic cord
Congenital malformation of vas deferens, epididymis,
seminal vesicles or prostate NOS
输精管、副睾、精囊及摄护腺之其他先天畸形
缺失或发育不全 ：
． 摄护腺
． 精索
其他未明示的输精管、副睾、精囊或摄护腺之先天
畸形
Q55.5
Congenital absence and aplasia of penis
阴茎之先天缺失及发育不全
Q60
Renal agenesis and other reduction defects of kindey
Includes: atrophy of kidney:
．congenital
．infantile
congenital absence of kidney
肾缺失症及其他肾短少异常
包含 ： 肾萎缩 ：
． 先天的
． 婴儿期的
肾脏先天缺失
Q64.5
Congenital absence of bladder and urethra
膀胱及尿道之先天缺失
Q71.0
Congenital complete absence of upper limb(s)
上肢之先天完全缺失
Q71.1
Congenital absence of upper arm and forearm with hand present
上肢及前臂之先天缺失并有手的存在
Q71.2
Congenital absence of both forearm and hand
前臂及手指之先天缺失
Q71.3
Congenital absence of hand and finger(s)
手及手指之先天缺失
Q72.0
Congenital complete absence of lower limb(s)
先天性下肢完全缺失
Q72.1
Congenital absence of thigh and lower leg with foot present
先天性大腿及小腿缺失伴有足之存在
Q72.2
Congenital absence of both lower leg and foot
小腿及足之先天性缺失
Q72.3
Congenital absence of foot and toe(s)
足及趾之先天缺失
Q73.0
Congenital absence of unspecified limb(s)
Amelia NOS
未明示肢之先天缺失其他未明示的无肢畸形
Q74.1
Congenital malformation of knee
Congenital:
．absence of patella
．dislocation of patella
．genu:
．valgum
．varum
Rudimentary patella
Excludes: congenital:
．dislocation of knee (Q68.2)
．genu recurvatum (Q68.2)
nail patella syndrome (Q87.2)
膝之先天畸形
先天的 :
． 髌骨之缺失
． 髌骨脱臼
． 膝 :
． 外翻
． 内翻
发育不全的髌骨
不包含 ： 先天性 ：
． 膝脱臼 (Q68.2)
． 膝反曲 (Q68.2)
指甲髌骨徵候群 (Q87.2)
Q75.8
Other specified congenital malformations of skull and face bones
Absence of skull bone, congenital
Congenital deformity of forehead
Platybasia
颅骨及颜面骨之其他明示的畸形
先天性颅骨缺失
前额之先天变形
扁後脑
Q76.4
Other congenital malformations of spine, not associated with scoliosis
Congenital:
．absence of vertebra－unspecified or not associated with scoliosis
．fusion of spine－unspecified or not associated with scoliosis
．kyphosis－unspecified or not associated with scoliosis
．lordosis－unspecified or not associated with scoliosis
．malformation of lumbosacral (joint) (region) －unspecified or not associated with
scoliosis
Hemivertebra－unspecified or not associated with scoliosis
Malformation of spine－unspecified or not associated with scoliosis
Platyspondylisis－unspecified or not associated with scoliosis
Supernumerary vertebra－unspecified or not associated with scoliosis
无伴随脊椎侧弯的脊椎其他先天畸形
先天性 ：
未明示的或无伴随脊椎侧弯的 －． 脊椎体缺失
未明示的或无伴随脊椎侧弯的 －． 脊椎融合
未明示的或无伴随脊椎侧弯的 －． 脊柱後弯
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